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Doc: MTD 21 (5035)W

For Comments Only

BUREAU OF !DA! "TA!DARD"

Draft n#$%n "t%n#%r#

&UDE'!E" FOR "E'ECTO! OF AD" FOR ("UA' E)AM!ATO!
C" 1*+100
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!ot to -e re.ro#/ce# 0$t1o/t .erm$ss$on '%st #%te 2or rece$.t
o2 B" or /se# %s % "TA!DARD o2 comments $s 15 34 2012

1 "CO5E

1+1 This standard is intended to provide general guidance on the choice of visual
aids used in the visual examination of surfaces in order to detect the presence of
imperfections or to asses condition and texture.

This standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of visual aids and
gives recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces.

--Single-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to 0.4 (Type A).
-- ulti-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to 0.!0 (Type ").

2 REFERE!CE

2+1 The following standards contain provisions which# through reference in this text#
constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of pu$lication# the edition indicated
was valid. All standard are su$%ect to revision and parties to agreements $ased on
this standard are encouraged to investigate the possi$ility of applying the most
recent edition of the standards indicated $elow &

'S (). Title

!*+0,&-004 .eneral standards for /ualification and certification
of non destructive testing personnel (first revision )

3 "&!FCA!CE A!D U"E

3+1 0isual inspection is a non destructive testing method that provides a means of
detecting a variety of surface flaws# and discontinuities such as crac1s# undercuts#
corrosion# cavities etc on surfaces of welds# castings and other metallic and non
metallic products. .iven the wide variety of surface flaws that can $e detected $y
visual examination# the use of visual inspection may encompass different techni/ues
and different types of aids# depending on the product and the type of surface flaw
$eing monitored.

The methods of visual inspection involve a wide variety of e/uipment# ranging from
examination with the na1ed eye to the use of magnifiers# rigid and flexi$le
$orescopes and microscopes for /ualitative and /uantitative inspection of surfaces.
Some of the e/uipment used to aid visual inspection includes&

- 2lexi$le or rigid $orescopes for illuminating and o$serving internal#
closed or otherwise inaccessi$le areas.

2
- 'mage sensors for remote sensing or for the development of permanent
visual records in the form of photograph# video tapes# or computer-enhances
images.

- agnifying systems for evaluating surface finish# surface shapes (profile and
contour gauging)and surface microstructures.
- 3ye and fluorescent penetrants and magnetic particles for enhancing the
o$servation of surface crac1s (and sometimes near-surface conditions in the
case of magnetic particle inspection).

6 BAC7&ROU!D

6+1 4rinciple of 'nfrared Themography

6+2 Techni/ues in 'nfrared Themography

5 !"5ECTO! 5ER"O!!E'

5+1 The personnel deployed for inspection shall have necessary technical
/ualifications and experience with ade/uate and sound 1nowledge on inspection
techni/ue# and capa$ility to interpret the o$served temperature patterns.

5+2 The inspector should have ade/uate 1nowledge and shall comply with all the
safety precautions and procedures stipulated $y the end user and or competent
electrical authorities especially when examination of live systems are involved.

5+3 The inspector shall use an appropriate thermal imaging system with ade/uate
capa$ilities to meet the examination re/uirements.

5+6 The thermography personnel shall not touch any electrical e/uipment
open5remove any cover etc.

5+5 The end user is primarily responsi$le for a) ensuring compliance to all safety
procedures $) conse/uences of all actions resulting of application5non application of
thermal imaging experimental data ac/uired and interpreted $y the thermographer.

8 E9U5ME!T

8+1 The right choice of infrared camera with appropriate accessories and filters is
essential for successfully carrying out the inspection of electrical installations.

4 !"5ECTO! 5RACTCE

: 5ROCEDURE

* FACTOR" T;AT !F'UE!CE T;E TEM5ERATURE MEA"UREME!T

10 RE5ORT!& T;E RE"U'T"

"efore the actual thermographic inspection is performed# the inspection agency shall
su$mit detailed procedures that shall $e approved $y the end-user. After the
inspection all documented details shall $e provided as report. A typical procedure
format of report page is given $elow.