MSP(Multiplex Section Protection) is a per span protection.

A service line is protected using another line, called a protection line. If an error occurs, the protection mechanism should switch
over to the protection line. There are two main protection schemes for the multiplex section
! "#" Traffic is simultaneousl$ transmitted over wor%ing and protecting lines (or cards if it is for hiT i.e. MSP &ridge). The incoming
traffic is select from the line that delivers signal in &est condition (specificall$ switch fa&ric selector is responsi&le for ma%ing the
selection in a 'iT).
o Switching t$pe unidirectional or &i(directional
o )peration t$pe revertive or non(revertive
! "* A "* multiplex section protection s$stem consists of * traffic(carr$ing multiplex sections that are to &e protected &$ an
additional multiplex section. In this scheme onl$ one of the wor%ing sections can &e protect at a time. The additional multiplex
section can &e used to carr$ low(priorit$ traffic (unprotected) when it is not used as a protection section for the rest * wor%ing
sections.
o "* with *+,"- for STM(".-."/ and *+,0 for STM("/./-
o Switching t$pe &i(directional
o )peration t$pe revertive
! "" This is a special case of "* protection scheme. In case of a failure on the wor%ing path, traffic is switched to protecting path.
o Switching t$pe &i(directional
o )peration t$pe revertive
Su&*etwor% 1onnection Protection. is a per path protection.
S*1P is a networ% protection mechanism for S2' networ%s providing path protection (end(to(end protection). The data signal is
transmitted in a ring structure via two different paths and can &e implemented in line or ring structures. The changeover criteria are
specified individuall$ when configuring a networ% element. A protection protocol is not re3uired. The switchover to protection path
occurs in the non(revertive mode, i.e. if traffic was switched to the protection path due to a transmission fault, there is no automatic
switch(&ac% to the original path once the fault is rectified, &ut onl$ if there is a fault on the new path (the one la&eled as 4protecting5
and currentl$ services traffic).
S*1P is a "#" protection scheme (one wor%ing and one protection transport entit$). Input traffic is &roadcasted in two routes (one
&eing the normal wor%ing route and the second one &eing the protection route).
Assume a failure free state for a path from a node 6 to a node A. *ode 6 &ridges the signal destined to A from other nodes on the
ring, &oth on wor%ing and protecting routes. At node A, signals from these two routes are continuousl$ monitored for path la$er
defects and the &etter 3ualit$ signal is selected.
*ow consider a failure state where fi&er &etween node A and node 6 is cut. The selector switches traffic on the stand&$ route when
the active route &etween node A and node 6 is failed.
In order to prevent an$ unnecessar$ or spurious protection switching in the presence of &it errors on &oth paths, a switch will
t$picall$ occur when the 3ualit$ of the alternate path exceeds that of the current wor%ing path &$ some threshold (e.g., an order of
magnitude &etter 678). 1onsecutivel$, an$ case of failure drops in S*1P9s decision mechanism.