Stress-strain relationships

Anisotropic material
=

Stiffness
Compliance
Stress-strain relationships
Orthotropic material (three planes of symmetry)
Isotropic material
Stress-strain relationships in plane stress
Orthotropic material (when the coordinate system is aligned with the material planes of
symmetry)
Isotropic material
Important: If the coordinate system is not aligned with the materials planes of
symmetry, it will give a full matrix (anisotropic)
The above stress-strain relation govern the behavior of a ply (lamina)
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Multidirectional Lamina (made of multiple plies)
Cross-section
Displacement relations (for any point inside the multidirectional laminate)
Displacement of points on
The reference plane
Rotations of the
reference plane
Displacements
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Strain-displacement relations
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
=
i
j
j
i
ij
x
u
x
u
2
1
c
Strain definition Displacements
Strain-displacement relations in compact form
Introduce
Reference plane strains Curvatures
Strain relation
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Strain-stress relations
Multidirectional Lamina
Stress strain for the k
th
ply
(in the 1-2 coordinate system)
Stress strain for the k
th
ply
(in the x-y coordinate system)
Stress strain relation for the k
th
ply
In compact form
Strain relation
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Stress and strain distribution
Sectional forces and moments acting on ply k
Sectional forces
One Ply
Sectional moments
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Load deformation relations
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Sectional ply moments (@ k)
Lamina sectional forces
Laminate sectional moments
Sectional forces and moments acting on the whole laminate
Sectional ply forces (@ k)
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Load deformation relations
Stress strain relation for the k
th
ply Lamina sectional forces and moments
Rearrange the force and moment displacement relations
In compact form
| | | | | | | | | | ( )

}
=

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
y x y x
dz Q z Q N
1
, , ,
1
, ,
k c
| | | | | | | | | | ( )

}
=

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
y x y x
dz Q z Q z M
1
,
2
, ,
1
, ,
k c
| | | | | | | | | |

}
= =

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
n
k
h
h
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
k
k
y x y x
dz z Q dz Q N
1
,
1
, ,
1
1
, ,
] [ )] [ k c
| | | | | | | | | |

}
= =

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
n
k
h
h
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
k
k
y x y x
dz z Q dz z Q M
1
,
1
2
, ,
1
1
, ,
] [ )] [ k c
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Integrate over z
| | | | | | | | | |

}
= =

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
n
k
h
h
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
k
k
y x y x
dz z Q dz Q N
1
,
1
, ,
1
1
, ,
] [ ] [ k c
| | | | | | | | | |

}
= =

+ =
n
k
h
h
y x
n
k
h
h
k
y x
o
k
y x
k
k
k
k
y x y x
dz z Q dz z Q M
1
,
1
2
, ,
1
1
, ,
] [ )] [ k c
| | | | | | | | | |

= =

+ =
n
k
y x
n
k
k k
k
y x
o
k k
k
y x
h h Q h h Q N
y x y x
1
,
1
2
1
2
, 1 ,
] ) ( [
2
1
)] ( [
, ,
k c
| | | | | | | | | |
y x y x y x
o
y x y x
B A N
, , , , ,
k c + =
| | | |

=
n
k
k k
k
y x
h h Q A
y x
1
1 ,
)] ( [
,
| | | | ] ) ( [
2
1
1
2
1
2
,
,

=
n
k
k k
k
y x
h h Q B
y x
Such that
Similarly
| | | | | | | | | |

= =

+ =
n
k
y x
n
k
k k
k
y x
o
k k
k
y x
h h Q h h Q M
y x y x
1
,
1
3
1
3
,
2
1
2
,
] ) ( [
3
1
)] ( [
2
1
, ,
k c
| | | | | | | | | |
y x y x y x
o
y x y x
D B M
, , , , ,
k c + =
Such that | | | | ] ) ( [
2
1
1
2
1
2
,
,

=

=
n
k
k k
k
y x
h h Q B
y x
| | ] ) ( [
3
1
1
3
1
3
,
,

=

=
n
k
k k
k
y x
h h Q D
y x
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Summary
| | | | | | | | | |
y x y x y x
o
y x y x
B A N
, , , , ,
k c + =
| | | | | | | | | |
y x y x y x
o
y x y x
D B M
, , , , ,
k c + =
Such that
In full form
full form combined
Compact form
Symmetry
Extensional stiffness
(in-plane laminate moduli)
Coupling stiffness
(in-plane/flexure coupling laminate moduli)
Bending or flexural stiffness
Elastic Behavior of Multidirectional Laminate
Inversion of load-deformation relations (Laminate compliance)
Inverted system (compliance)
Stiffness
Inverted system (compliance)
Compact form
Such that
[a], [b], [c], [d] are defined as