1

Chapter 1:
Introduction





2

1.1 History
The pump is one of civilization's earliest inventions. Considering its use in everyday life, it
may be one of the most important.
Since the beginning of time, there has been a need to push, suck or lift liquid from one place
to another. A long suspended rod with a bucket on one end and a weight on the other was
used to draw water from wells.
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical
action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to
move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy
to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources,
including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from
microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells,
aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel
injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling
towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and
manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the
artificial heart
Monitors and digital controls now provide more efficiency. Energy is saved through
intelligent pumping with the onset of variable speed and frequency drives. Globalization
provides more opportunities to expand the supply chain and reduce the costs of
manufacturing. A focus on engineering and design continues to strengthen the industry's
development.
All have contributed to the progression of pump technology and society's need for it.
While most of the industry's key developments did not happen in recent years, veterans in the
industry remember some of the greatest moments that helped shape the course of pump
history.
Dennis Wierzbicki, president of Grundfos Pumps Corporation, says electronic and digital
advancements have created key innovations for pump manufacturers, including, From
providing tools to reduce quotations on large projects from weeks to hours/days, to industries
that we can serve with process equipment for production, he says. But most important, the
electronics age has changed the technology shift in our products, from mechanical variable
speed of the 1960s and 1970s to variable speed electronically integrated pump, motors and
drives with integration to process management systems.
George Harris, president of Hydro, agrees. Tools such as 3D modeling, CAD, CFD and
other powerful analysis tools enable companies to perform complex engineering analysis and
to strengthen our value-added engineering services.
3

In terms of the pump aftermarket, rapid prototyping can be an important technology with
the potential to bring pump up-grades and rerates to market in a much more responsive time
frame than the traditional pattern process.
ITT, IDP, Sterling Fluid Systems, Grundfos, Wilo and ABS have changed almost beyond
recognition. Established independent makers like Harland, Flygt, Worthington and now Weir
Pumps have disappeared, whilst newer names like Textron, Constellation Capital, IDEX,
Pentair and Flowserve have arrived on the scene, continuing the trend for the biggest
companies to get bigger.
Pump system optimization became a key ingredient in all applications.
Matt Lorenz, vice president and general manager of Eaton Corporation's Industrial Control
Division, says accurate power control has been a revolutionary development.
At the turn of the last century, the first automatic motor starter was developed, laying the
foundation for the modern motor control industry, Lorenz explains. In the following years,
that technology was used to develop control equipment for the Panama Canal. Today,
Eaton continues to provide sophisticated motor control equipment for major Panama Canal
upgrades.
Probably the biggest single change in this industry has been the transition from a local to a
global market place. Fifty years ago we had only national trade associations but today the
significant impetus in inter-company relations is at intercontinental level. The Europump
Association has grown massively in stature and effectiveness in its 49 years, and now works
in close partnership with the Hydraulic Institute in the US. This partnership reflects ever
closer cooperation between pump manufacturers' associations, a development that mirrors
this magazine's evolution from national through European to global coverage.
Pumps are used throughout society for a variety of purposes. Early applications includes the
use of the windmill or watermill to pump water. Today, the pump is used for irrigation, water
supply, gasoline supply, air conditioning systems, refrigeration (usually called a compressor),
chemical movement, sewage movement, flood control, marine services, etc.
Because of the wide variety of applications, pumps have a plethora of shapes and sizes: from
very large to very small, from handling gas to handling liquid, from high pressure to low
pressure, and from high volume to low volume.






4

1.2 PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method
they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy
to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources,
including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from
microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells,
aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel
injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling
towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and
manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the
artificial heart and penile prosthesis.
In biology, many different types of chemical and bio-mechanical pumps have evolved, and
biomimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps.
Pumps may be classified on the basis of the applications they serve, the materials from which
they are constructed, the liquids they handle, and even their orientation in space. All such
classifications, however, are limited in scope and tend to substantially overlap each other. A
more basic system of classification, the one used in this handbook, first defines the principle
by which energy is added to the fluid.
All pumps may be divided into two major categories:
Dynamic Pumps: In which energy is continuously added to increase the fluid
velocities within the machine to values greater than those occurring at the discharge so
subsequent velocity reduction within or beyond the pump produces a pressure
increase.
Displacement Pumps: In which energy is periodically added by application of force
to one or more movable boundaries of any desired number of enclosed, fluid-
containing volumes, resulting in a direct increase in pressure up to the value required
to move the fluid through valves or ports into the discharge line.
Dynamic pumps may be further subdivided into several varieties of centrifugal and other
special-effect pumps. Figure presents in outline form a summary of the significant
classifications and sub classifications within this category. Displacement pumps are
essentially divided into reciprocating and rotary types, depending on the nature of movement
of the pressure-producing members. Each of these major classifications may be further
subdivided into several specific types of commercial importance, as indicated in Figure.
5












Fig . 1

Centrifugal Pumps
A centrifugal pump is of a very simple design. The two main parts of the pump are the
impeller and the diffuser. Impeller, which is the only moving part, is attached to a shaft and
driven by a motor. Impellers are generally made of bronze, polycarbonate, cast iron, stainless
steel as well as other materials. The diffuser (also called as volute) houses the impeller and
captures and directs the water off the impeller. Water enters the center (eye) of the impeller
and exits the impeller with the help of centrifugal force. As water leaves the eye of the
impeller a low-pressure area is created, causing more water to flow into the eye. Atmospheric
pressure and centrifugal force cause this to happen. Velocity is developed as the water flows
through the impeller spinning at high speed. The water velocity is collected by the diffuser
and converted to pressure by specially designed passageways that direct the flow to the
discharge of the pump, or to the next impeller should the pump have a multi-stage
configuration. The pressure (head) that a pump will develop is indirect relationship to the
impeller diameter, the number of impellers, the size of impeller eye, and shaft speed.
Capacity is determined by the exit width of the impeller. The head and capacity are the main
factors, which affect the horsepower size of the motor to be used. The more the quantity of
water to be pumped, the more energy is required.


6











Fig. 2
A centrifugal pump is not positive acting; it will not pump the same volume always. The
greater the depth of the water, the lesser is the flow from the pump. Also, when it pumps
against increasing pressure, the less it will pump. For these reasons it is important to select a
centrifugal pump that is designed to do a particular job.
Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo
machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational
kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically
comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to
the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or
volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. The reverse
function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water
pressure into mechanical rotational energy.
A centrifugal pump converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy of a moving fluid. A
portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid motion, and some into potential
energy, represented by fluid pressure (Hydraulic head) or by lifting the fluid, against gravity,
to a higher altitude.



7

Principles of Centrifugal Pump
Submersible pumps are multi stage centrifugal pumps. The two main components of a
centrifugal pump are the impeller and the diffuser. The Impeller takes the power from the
rotating shaft and accelerates the fluid. The diffuser transforms the high fluid velocity
(kinetic energy) into pressure.





Fig . 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 3 indicates the direction of motion of a impeller.
Fig. 4 indicates the various parts of assembly.
The main components of an SP including:









Fig 5

Impeller
Washer
Diffuser
8


1.3 Market Analysis
Global pump demand will rise 6.4 percent yearly through 2016 to $76.1 billion. Gains in
developing areas such as China and India will result from investment in water infrastructure
and electricity generation. In developed areas, growth will be driven by process
manufacturing. Positive displacement and centrifugal pumps will lead gains.
This study analyzes the $55.8 billion world pump industry. It presents historical demand data
for the years 2001, 2006 and 2011, and forecasts for 2016 and 2021 by product type (e.g.,
centrifugal, rotary positive displacement, reciprocating positive displacement, oilfield,
turbine), market (e.g., process manufacturers, water infrastructure, oil and gas), world region
and for 36 major countries.
The study also considers market environment factors, details industry structure, evaluates
company market share and profiles 37 industry participants such as Grundfos, Flowserve,
and Xylem.












9




Chapter 2 :
Literature Review








10


Khin Cho Thin, Mya Mya Khaing, and Khin Maung Aye:In this research paper they showed
different values of losses by varying Q and H. In centrifugal pump the power is generated
inside the centrifugal pump and pressure head is depend on flow rate of pump. In order to get
Characteristic curve of centrifugal pump, theoretical values like head, slip, shock losses,
friction losses are calculated by varying Flow rate.
Pump is used in general purpose too because
Lower cost
Higher efficiency
Uniform and continuous discharge
Easier installation and maintenance
The performance analysis also done in this research paper. The impeller friction losses,
volute friction losses and disk friction losses are considered to be less then friction effect on
centrifugal pump.



Greg case and William D. Marscher: This research paper provides information about
choosing machinery for centrifugal pump.
We should check machinery before installation and if it is possible check it before
purchase. If you cant able to check it properly hire specialist to check machinery.
There are lots of thing which can be checked by non-specialist or you can do by
yourself.
You must be careful about size of pump. You should not buy oversized pump because
it increase part load and Due to this it increases time spent for pumping process.
You must be careful while assessing and controlling pipe loads. Expansion joints may
relive at some point in thermal expansion but it results into higher hydraulic thrust
making situation worse.
Use of Computerized tools in case of rotordynamics, alignment monitoring, and
natural frequency testing is better than manual techniques.



Abdulkadir Aman, Sileshi Kore and Edessa Dribssa: In this research paper CFD analysis of 2-
D model of backward curved six bladed centrifugal pump is Done. Here pressure and
velocity distribution in flow passage is shown. And also pump characteristics calculated with
the help of fluent numerical results.
11

In this paper experimental results are not available but theoretical results are agree with
other authors practical work for similar pump. According to this paper there is small area of
low pressure at suction side of blade inlet and flow increases as the area is close to middle of
blade suction side. Static pressure also increases on diffusion section of volute with increase
in small flow rate but Static pressure decreases at other parts with higher flow rate.
The simulation results of flow rate and pressure head are also compared with theoretical
values and It also agree with flow rate and it also shows accuracy of analysis.
From the analysis, it is concluded that pattern of centrifugal pump is described by Moving
reference frame (MRF) and the k- turbulence model. And valuable information about pump
is derived by numerical results of FLUENT analysis.



S.Rajendran and Dr.K.Purushothaman: In this paper a 3D model of centrifugal pump is
made by using computational fluid dynamics, flow pattern through pump, performance
results and circumferential area. Stream wise variation of area averaged absolute velocity and
variation of mass averaged total pressure contours at blade leading edge and trailing edge for
designed flow rate are presented. The CFD predicted head according to flow rate is
approximately H=9.452 m. The pressure contours displays a continuous rise from leading
edge to trailing edge of impeller because of dynamic head produced by rotating pump
impeller. At leading edge of blade low pressure and high velocities occurred due to low
thickness of blade. At trailing edge of blade total loss can be observed because of trailing
edge wake.




Lamloumi Hedi, Kanfoudi Hatem, Zgolli Ridha:In this paper , the internal flow or velocity
vector is very smooth along the curvature along the blades but flow separation occurred at
leading edge because of nontangential inflow conditions. There are two kind of flow
structures are observed in this paper.

Single vertical flow
Double vertical flow

While operating on off-design load condition, the flow pattern varying significantly from
design load condition. There is strong flow recirculation at centre of passage of impeller. The
stall region developed due to the recirculation is blocking the flow passing through the
passage. In this case, the rotational effect is also an important factor to be considered




12









Chapter 3 :
Project Information













13



Project Title: Design and performance analysis of a radial flow
centrifugal pump
This project deals with the design and performance analysis of a pump. Pump is analyzed by
using a single-stage end suction centrifugal pump. Two main components of a centrifugal
pump are the impeller and the casing. The impeller is a rotating component and the casing is
a stationary component.

In centrifugal pump, water enters axially through the impeller eyes and water exits radially.
The pump casing is to guide the liquid to the impeller, converts into pressure the high
velocity kinetic energy of the flow from the impeller discharge and leads liquid away of the
energy having imparted to the liquid comes from the volute casing.

A design of centrifugal pump is carried out and analyzed to get the best performance point.
The design and performance analysis of centrifugal pump are chosen because it is the most
useful mechanical rotodynamic machine in fluid works which widely used in domestic,
irrigation, industry, large plants and river water pumping system.

Hardware & Software Used:
Hardware Impeller and diffuser assembly of submersible pump
Software For Modeling Creo 2.0
For Analysis ANSYS 13.0

What we have to do and done :
Theoretical modelling
Mathematical modelling
Design & Modeling of impeller
Design & Modeling of Diffuser
Analysis of submersible pump

How does your application solves the above mentioned challenge/problem:
Analysis of pump in ANSYS 13.0
Design of impeller is done in Creo 2.0
Design of Diffuser is done in Creo 2.0
Mathematical and Theoretical modelling is done by studying Centrifugal and axial
flow pump by A. J. Stepanoff, Ph. D. & Fluid mechanics & Hydraulic machines by R.
K. Bansal.

14









Chapter 4 :
Theoretical Modeling

4.1 Mathematical Modeling
4.2 Non Dimensional Analysis










15



4.1 Mathematical Modeling
Velocity diagrams and work done by impeller
Designing and performance analysis of centrifugal pump impeller with the aid of
computational flow dynamics.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have successfully contributed to the prediction
of the flow through pumps and the enhancement of their design as detailed
understanding of internal flow is very important.
The following assumptions made for analysis.
Liquid enters the impeller in radial direction.
No energy losses in the impeller due to friction and eddy formation.
Liquid enters without shock.
Uniform velocity distribution in the narrow passages formed between two adjacent
vanes.
Let,
= diameter of impeller at inlet,
= diameter of impeller at outlet,
N = speed of impeller, rpm,
Tangential velocity of impeller at inlet = ,
Tangential velocity of impeller at outlet = ,
= absolute velocity of liquid at inlet,
= absolute velocity of liquid at outlet,
= relative velocity of liquid at inlet,
= relative velocity of liquid at outlet,
= angle made by absolute velocity at inlet with direction of motion of vane,
= angle made by the relative velocity at inlet with direction of motion of vane,
( inlet vane angle ) , are the corresponding at outlet
16














Fig. 6
We have a pump model of 10 stages with following configuration:
= manometric head = 45 m ,
Q = flow rate = 1000 l/hr,
N = speed in revolution per minute = 2800 rpm,
Pump impeller specifications:
= 22 mm, = width of impeller at inlet = 4.1 mm,
= 73 mm, = width of impeller at outlet = 4.1 mm,
= 22,
= 32,
= = 3.2253 m/s,
= = 10.7023 m/s,
Refer fig.
tan = so, = tan = 1.3031 m/s
flow rate, Q = = 3.6924 m/s
17

Q = so, = = 0.3927 m/s

As shown in the fig.

So, = 10.0738 m/s
Then, head imparted by impeller,
= = 10.9900 m
Manometric head,
= = 8.9900 m
This value of head is theoretical head
Slip consideration
Z = no. of blades in impeller = 8
Stodolas equation,
Slip, = = 0.55769
= = actual whirl velocity of liquid at outlet
= = 0.55769 10.0738 = 5.6180 m/s
Head imparted by impeller = = = 6.1290 m
= absolute velocity of liquid at outlet
= + = 5.6317 m/s
So, manometric head ,
= = 4.5125 m
Co-efficients
Flow co-efficient = = 2.5430
Speed co-efficient ,
18

= 15.052
Head co-efficient, = = 1.0808


4.2 Non Dimensional Analysis
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CONSTANTS FROM GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
SIMILITUDE
Dimensional analysis applied to problems of similitude in hydraulics proved to be a useful
tool in many instances. It disclosed the functional relationship among the quantities involved
and established dimensionless criteria of flow, found already experimentally in many cases,
for conditions known as dynamically similar. One of the important contributions of
dimensional analysis to our knowledge of model testing is that it indicated the limitations of
the theory of similitude, showed the way to evaluate the various factors affecting the flow,
and, sometimes, by destroying the geometrical similarity, indicated how to obtain the desired
information from model testing. Applied to centrifugal pumps, the dimensional analysis did
not contribute anything new, but it established from the very general principle the constants
in a dimensionless from and facilitated, from experience with water, the drawing of
conclusions regarding the behavior of pumps when pumping liquids of different viscosities.
The affinity laws follow from these constants.
Use will be made of the method of procedure proposed by Buckingham. The principle of
dimensional analysis requires that all the terms of a correct and complete physical physical
equation shall have the same dimensions. This implies that the object to be studied by
dimensional analysis should be known well enough to permit assumption of the physical
quantities expected to affect the phenomenon under consideration.
In the case of centrifugal pumps the quantities involved are
H pump head (length) l
Q capacity (volume per unit time) l
3
/t
N speed in revolutions per minute (number per unit time) 1/t
D impeller diameter representing the pump size for a series of similar pumps l
g acceleration due to gravity, constant l/t
3

liquid density (mass per unit volume) m/l
3

19

absolute viscosity (viscosity coefficient) m/lt
E energy applied (to the shaft) and obtained in the form of pump output measured in foot-
pounds or Hmg, or per unit mass E=gH which differs from the head by a constant g ; its
dimension is l
2
/t
2

Energy per unit mass E= gH will be used instead of head because of its more general
character and because it includes the effect of the acceleration due to gravity. It should be
remembered that all equations for the head developed by an impeller are based on the law of
conversation of energy which, for an incompressible fluid with a constant acceleration due to
gravity, reduces to the height the liquid can be raised by the pump. Thus the number of
quantities necessary to describe the operation of a centrifugal pump reduces to six: Q, E, N,
D, and . These are measured by three fundamental units: length (l), time (t), and mass (m).
The relation among these quantities may be expressed by a general functional equation
f (Q, E, N, D, , ) = 0
According to a theorem of dimensional analysis a complete equation describing the relation
among n different quantities measured with k fundamental units that can be reduced to the
form
In this case three fundamental units so,
f ( = 0
where represents a dimensionless product of the form
=
where a, b, c, d, e, f, g are whole no. or functions or equal to zero in which case the
corresponding factor is equal to unity ; f if some unknown function to be found by
experiment. If we select E, D, as three independents, the dimensionless quantities
can be put in the form



Where, etc. ate the unknown exponents to be determined
To do this, express Q, E, N, D, , in terms of their dimensionless equations.


20


To make dimensionless the exponents of l, t, and m must be equal to zero
For we obtain the three equations in terms of all the corresponding values so, we
can get
=
=
=
Where v is kinematic viscosity = /
According to dimensional analysis, the relationship between can be established
only experimentally, The products remain constant for similar impellers and dynamically
similar conditions, irrespective of the rotative speed or size of the impellers ; they are criteria
of the flow.
For practical purposes these expressions will be transformed by making use of the fact that if
any of the functions are constant for similar impeller their products or any power, also will
remain constant and also will be criteria of operation of the impeller. Thus,
=Q/vD
=N /
=Q/N
=gH/
An infinite no. of dimensionless criteria can be obtained in a similar manner, but only three
of them will be independent.

a) Reynolds Number :
The expression =Q/vD= (Q/D) is a form of Reynolds no. , in which
diameter D represents the size of the machine and Q/ the velocity, as for similar pumps
Q/ is proporsional to the velocities at the corresponding point of channels comprising
impeller and casing of the pump.
b) Specific speed :
21

The expression =N / is a dimensionless expression for specific speed . To
be dimensionless all terms have to be expressed in fundamental units.



c) Specific capacity :
The expression =Q/N is called specific capacity. The physical meaning of the
specific capacity is volume per 1 rps with an impeller of 1-ft diameter. The specific capacity
remains constant for all similar impellers.
d) Specific head and head co-efficient :
Equation =gH/ is a dimensionless expression for head and may be termed
as specific head.
And the head co-efficient = =











22











Chapter 5:
Analysis of a pump
Modeling of an Impeller and Diffuser








23


Modeling of an Impeller and Diffuser
Steps followed in modelling of impeller :
1. Extruded disc of impeller of diameter
73 mm

2. Extruded top disc on step 1 surface
internal diameter 30 mm

3. Rounded hub and ring intersecting
circle with 3 mm

4. Extruded hub of impeller
24

5. Extruded keys of hub for mounting
of impeller

6. Extruded hub outer disc for impeller
blades with chamfer.

7. (1) Circles are drawn with the inlet and outlet
radii of the impeller. (2) At any point A on the
outer radius r2, the blade angle 2B is applied and
the normal A-a is
erected in A. (Note direction of rotation). (3) From
the shaft center W the angle(1B + 2B) is applied
in the direction of rotation on the radius W-A. The
resulting
line intersects the circle with r1 in a point B. (4) A
line through A and B producesa second intersection
E with the circle r1, marking the blade leading
edge. (5) The
normal in the middle of the distance A-E intersects
the normal A-a in a point Mconstituting the center
of the circular arc. The latter is drawn with the
radius
rsch = MA = ME. (6) The circular arc obtained
constitutesthe camber line of theblade. Suction and
pressure surfaces of the blades are obtained from
circular arcswith r = rsch 0.5e around point M.

25

8. Sketched one impeller blade using
above step and using sweep tool blade is
generated on that sketch with measured
dimension.

9. Using axis pattern tool we created all
8 blades at equal angles.

10. Assembled blade and disc using pro
e assembly.




26

Steps followed in modeling of Diffuser:
1. Extruded outer casing and
hub of dia 83.1 mm

2. Again as same procedure we
did for impeller blades, using
sweep tool diffuser vanes are
generated.

3. Now covering this blades to
control flow using extrude tool.

27

4. Extruded hole in hub for
mounting diffuser

5. Extruded diffuser vanes for
flowing of water

6. Extruded first ring of diffuser
disc of dia 79 mm

28

7. Generated diffuser disc as
given dimensions using extrude
tool.

8. Extruded upper ring of
diffuser disc.










29













Chapter 6 :
Conclusion













30


Conclusion:
The design of centrifugal radial flow submersible pumps impeller and diffuser were done by
mathematical and theoretical modeling. In this exercise, we conclude that,
Actual head of 10-stage tested pump is 45 m, and flow rate is 0.000277 .
While theoretical value of head of single stage is 4.5125m by using slip factor, co-
efficient of head, co-efficient of flow, co-efficient of speed.
According above values, there is variation between theoretical and actual rated values of
head of pump, because of various losses of flow such as pressure distribution, velocity
distribution and pump vorticity etc.
The domain of losses we will examine by performing flow analysis with the help of ANSYS
CFD tool.















31














Chapter 7 :
Work Plan












32



Duration Work
26/06/2013 to 12/07/2013

Work on our area of interest and selection of
industry as guided by GTU
13/07/2013 to 31/07/2013

Studied working and manufacturing of
Uttam Industries
01/08/2013 to 07/08/2013

Project Definition
08/08/2013 to 30/07/2013

Literature Reviews from various research
paper
01/08/2013 to 31/08/2013

Theoretical and Mathematical modeling of
given pump model
1/09/2013 to 12/09/2013

Non-Dimensional Analysis for getting
relations of constants and co-efficient
13/09/2013 to 10/10/2013

Modeling of impeller and diffuser design in
Pro-e
10/10/2013 to 28/10/2013

Report making









33












Chapter 8 :
References














34


Books :
o Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps, By A. J. Stepanoff, Ph. D.
o Gluich

Other : (Research Papers)
E.C. Bacharoudis, A.E. Filios, M.D. Mentzos and D.P. Margaris Parametric Study of a
Centrifugal Pump Impeller by Varying the Outlet Blade Angle The Open Mechanical
Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 75-83

Weidong Zhou, Zhimei Zhao, T. S. Lee, and S. H.Winoto Investigation of Flow
Through Centrifugal PumpImpellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics International
Journal of Rotating Machinery, 9(1): 4961, 2003

Khin Cho Thin, Mya Mya Khaing, and Khin Maung Aye Design and Performance
Analysis of Centrifugal PumpWorld Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
46 2008

A. Akhras, M. El Hajem, J.-Y. Champagne, and R. Morel The Flow Rate Influence on
the Interaction of a Radial Pump Impeller and the Diffuser International Journal of
Rotating Machinery, 10(4): 309317, 2004

Zhi-jianWang, Jian-she Zheng, Lu-lu Li, and Shuai Luo Research on Three-Dimensional
Unsteady Turbulent Flow in Multistage Centrifugal Pump and Performance Prediction
Based on CFD Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2013, Article ID 589161