Di

Directions to Solve
Study the following table and answer the questions based on it.
Expenditures of a Company (in Lakh Rupees) per Annum Over the given Years.
Year
Item of Expenditure
Salary Fuel and Transport Bonus Interest on Loans Taxes
1998 288 98 3.00 23.4 83
1999 342 112 2.52 32.5 108
2000 324 101 3.84 41.6 74
2001 336 133 3.68 36.4 88
2002 420 142 3.96 49.4 98

1.
What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during
this period?
A. Rs. 32.43 lakhs B. Rs. 33.72 lakhs
C. Rs. 34.18 lakhs D. Rs. 36.66 lakhs
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Average amount of interest paid by the Company during the given period
= Rs.

23.4 + 32.5 + 41.6 + 36.4 + 49.4

lakhs
5
= Rs.

183.3

lakhs
5
= Rs. 36.66 lakhs.
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2.
The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is
approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during this period?
A. 0.1% B. 0.5%
C. 1% D. 1.25%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Required percentage =

(3.00 + 2.52 + 3.84 + 3.68 + 3.96)
x 100

%
(288 + 342 + 324 + 336 + 420)

=

17
x 100

%
1710

1%.

3.
Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the total
expenditure in 2002?
A. 62% B. 66%
C. 69% D. 71%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

(288 + 98 + 3.00 + 23.4 + 83)
x 100

%
(420 + 142 + 3.96 + 49.4 + 98)

=

495.4
x 100

%
713.36

69.45%.

4.
The total expenditure of the company over these items during the year 2000 is?
A. Rs. 544.44 lakhs B. Rs. 501.11 lakhs
C. Rs. 446.46 lakhs D. Rs. 478.87 lakhs
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Total expenditure of the Company during 2000
= Rs. (324 + 101 + 3.84 + 41.6 + 74) lakhs
= Rs. 544.44 lakhs.

5.
The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes for all the years and the total
expenditure on Fuel and Transport for all the years respectively is approximately?
A. 4:7 B. 10:13
C. 15:18 D. 5:8
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Required ratio =

(83 + 108 + 74 + 88 + 98)

(98 + 112 + 101 + 133 + 142)

=

451

586

=
1
1.3

=
10
.
13

Directions to Solve
The following table gives the percentage distribution of population of five states, P, Q, R, S and
T on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex.
State
Percentage of Population below
the Poverty Line
Proportion of Males and
Females
Below Poverty
Line
Above Poverty
Line
M : F M : F
P 35 5 : 6 6 : 7
Q 25 3 : 5 4 : 5
R 24 1 : 2 2 : 3
S 19 3 : 2 4 : 3
T 15 5 : 3 3 : 2

1.
If the male population above poverty line for State R is 1.9 million, then the total
population of State R is?
A. 4.5 million B. 4.85 million
C. 5.35 million D. 6.25 million
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Let the total population of State R be x million.
Then, population of State R above poverty line
= [(100 - 24)% of x] million
=

76
x x

million
100
And so, male population of State R above poverty line
=

2
x

76
x x

million
5 100
But, it is given that male population of State R above poverty line = 1.9 million.

2
x

76
x x

= 1.9 x =
5 x 100 x 1.9
= 6.25.
5 100 76 x 2
Total population of State R = 6.25 million.

2.
What will be the number of females above the poverty line in the State S if it is known
that the population of State S is 7 million?
A. 3 million B. 2.43 million
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Total population of State S = 7 million.
Population above poverty line
= [(100 - 19)% of 7] million
= (81% of 7) million
= 5.67 million.
And so, the number of females above poverty line in State S
=

3
x 5.67

million
7
= 2.43 million.

3.
What will be the male population above poverty line for State P if the female population
below poverty line for State P is 2.1 million?
A. 2.1 million B. 2.3 million
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Female population below poverty line for State P = 2.1 million
Let the male population below poverty line for State P be x million.
Then, 5 : 6 = x : 21 x =
2.1 x 5
= 1.75.
6
Population below poverty line for State P = (2.1 + 1.75) million = 3.85 million.
Let the population above poverty line for State P by y million.
Since, 35% of the total population of State P is below poverty line, therefore, 65% of the
total population of State P is above poverty line i.e., the ratio of population below
poverty line to that above poverty line for State P is 35 : 65.
35 : 65 = 3.85 : y y =
65 x 3.85
= 7.15.
35
Population above poverty line for State P = 7.15 million and so, male population
above poverty line for State P
=

6
x 7.15

million
13
= 3.3 million.

4.
If the population of males below poverty line for State Q is 2.4 million and that for State
T is 6 million, then the total populations of States Q and T are in the ratio?
A. 1:3 B. 2:5
C. 3:7 D. 4:9
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
For State Q:
Male population below poverty line = 2.4 million.
Let the female population below poverty line be x million.
Then, 3 : 5 = 2.4 : x x =
5 x 2.4
= 4.
3
Total population below poverty line = (2.4 + 4) = 6.4 million.
If N
q
be the total population of State Q, then,
25% of N
q
= 6.4 million N
q
=

6.4 x 100

million = 25.6 million.
25
For State T:
Male population below poverty line = 6 million.
Let the female population below poverty line be y million.
Then, 5 : 3 = 6 : y y =
3 x 6
= 3.6.
5
Total population below poverty line = (6 + 3.6) = 9.6 million.
If N
t
be the total population of State T, then,
15% of N
t
= 9.6 million N
t
=

9.6 x 100

million = 64 million.
15
Thus, Required ratio =
N
q

=
25.6
= 0.4 =
2
.
N
t
64 5

Directions to Solve
Study the following line graph and answer the questions.
Exports from Three Companies Over the Years (in Rs. crore)

1.
For which of the following pairs of years the total exports from the three Companies
together are equal?
A. 1995 and 1998 B. 1996 and 1998
C. 1997 and 1998 D. 1995 and 1996
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Total exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z together, during various years are:
In 1993 = Rs. (30 + 80 + 60) crores = Rs. 170 crores.
Clearly, the total exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z together are same during
the years 1995 and 1996.

2.
Average annual exports during the given period for Company Y is approximately what
percent of the average annual exports for Company Z?
A. 87.12% B. 89.64%
C. 91.21% D. 93.33%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Analysis of the graph: From the graph it is clear that
1. The amount of exports of Company X (in crore Rs.) in the years 1993, 1994,
1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 30, 60, 40, 70, 100, 50 and 120
respectively.
2. The amount of exports of Company Y (in crore Rs.) in the years 1993, 1994,
1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 80, 40, 60, 60, 80, 100 and 140
respectively.
3. The amount of exports of Company Z (in crore Rs.) in the years 1993, 1994,
1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 60, 90,, 120, 90, 60, 80 and 100
respectively.
Average annual exports (in Rs. crore) of Company Y during the given period
=
1
x (80 + 40 + 60 + 60 + 80 + 100 + 140) =
560
= 80.
7 7
Average annual exports (in Rs. crore) of Company Z during the given period
=
1
x (60 + 90 + 120 + 90 + 60 + 80 + 100) =

600

.
7 7

80
x 100

% 93.33%.

600

7

3.
In which year was the difference between the exports from Companies X and Y the
minimum?
A. 1994 B. 1995
C. 1996 D. 1997
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The difference between the exports from the Companies X and Y during the various
years are:
In 1993 = Rs. (80 - 30) crores = Rs. 50 crores.
Clearly, the difference is minimum in the year 1996.

4.
What was the difference between the average exports of the three Companies in 1993
and the average exports in 1998?
A. Rs. 15.33 crores B. Rs. 18.67 crores
C. Rs. 20 crores D. Rs. 22.17 crores
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Average exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z in 1993
= Rs.

1
x (30 + 80 + 60)

crores = Rs.

170

crores.
3 3
Average exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z in 1998
= Rs.

1
x (50 + 100 + 80)

crores = Rs.

230

crores.
3 3
Difference = Rs.

230

-

170

crores
3 3

= Rs.

60

crores
3

= Rs. 20 crores.

5.
In how many of the given years, were the exports from Company Z more than the
average annual exports over the given years?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Average annual exports of Company Z during the given period
=
1
x (60 + 90 + 120 + 90 + 60 + 80 + 100)
7
= Rs.

600

crores
7
= Rs. 85.71 crores.
From the analysis of graph the exports of Company Z are more than the average annual
exports of Company Z (i.e., Rs. 85.71 crores) during the years 1994, 1995, 1996 and
1999, i.e., during 4 of the given years.

Directions to Solve
In a school the periodical examination are held every second month. In a session during April
2001 - March 2002, a student of Class IX appeared for each of the periodical exams. The
aggregate marks obtained by him in each perodical exam are represented in the line-graph
given below.
Marks Obtained by student in Six Periodical Held in Every Two Months During the
Year in the Session 2001 - 2002.
Maximum Total Marks in each Periodical Exam = 500

1.
In which periodical exams did the student obtain the highest percentage increase in
marks over the previous periodical exams ?
A. June, 01 B. August, 01
C. Oct, 01 D. Dec, 01
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Percentage increase in marks in various periodical exams compared to the previous
exams are:
For Jun 01 =

(365 - 360)
x 100

% = 1.39%.
360
For Aug 01 =

(370 - 365)
x 100

% = 1.37%.
365
For Oct 01 =

(385 - 370)
x 100

% = 4.05%.
370
For Dec 01 =

(400 - 385)
x 100

% = 3.90%.
385
For Feb 02 =

(404 - 400)
x 100

% = 1.25%.
400
Clearly, highest percentage increase in marks is in Oct 01.

2.
The total number of marks obtained in Feb. 02 is what percent of the total marks
obtained in April 01 ?
A. 110% B. 112.5%
C. 115% D. 116.5%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Here it is clear from the graph that the student obtained 360, 365, 370, 385, 400 and
405 marks in periodical exams held in Apr 01, Jun 01, Aug 01, Oct 01, Dec 01 and Feb
02 respectively.

405
x 100

% = 112.5%.
360

3.
What is the percentage of marks obtained by the student in the periodical exams of
August, 01 and Oct, 01 taken together ?
A. 73.25% B. 75.5%
C. 77% D. 78.75%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

(370 + 385)
x 100

% =

755
x 100

% = 75.5%.
(500 + 500) 1000

4.
What are the average marks obtained by the student in all the periodical exams during
the last session ?
A. 373 B. 379
C. 381 D. 385
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Average marks obtained in all the periodical exams
=
1
x [360 + 365 + 370 + 385 + 400 + 405] = 380.83 381.
6

5.
In which periodical exams there is a fall in percentage of marks as compared to the
previous periodical exams ?
A. None B. June, 01
C. Oct, 01 D. Feb, 02
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
As is clear from the graph, the total marks obtained in periodical exams, go on
increasing. Since, the maximum marks for all the periodical exams are the same; it
implies that the percentage of marks also goes on increasing.
Thus, in none of the periodical exams, there is a fall in percentage of marks compared to
the previous exam.

Directions to Solve
The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand number) from six branches of
a publishing company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from Six Branches - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and
B6 of a publishing Company in 2000 and 2001.

1.
What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of
branch B4 for both years?
A. 2:3 B. 3:5
C. 4:5 D. 7:9
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Required ratio =
(75 + 65)
=
140
=
7
.
(85 + 95) 180 9

2.
Total sales of branch B6 for both the years is what percent of the total sales of branches
B3 for both the years?
A. 68.54% B. 71.11%
C. 73.17% D. 75.55%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

(70 + 80)
x 100

%
(95 + 110)

=

150
x 100

%
205

= 73.17%.

3.
What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average
sales of branches B1, B3 and B6 in 2000?
A. 75% B. 77.5%
C. 82.5% D. 87.5%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Average sales (in thousand number) of branches B1, B3 and B6 in 2000
=
1
x (80 + 95 + 70) =

245

.
3 3
=
1
x (105 + 65 + 110) =

280

.
3 3

245/3
x 100

% =

245
x 100

% = 87.5%.
280/3 280

4.
What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?
A. 73 B. 80
C. 83 D. 88
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Average sales of all the six branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000
=
1
x [80 + 75 + 95 + 85 + 75 + 70]
6
= 80.

5.
Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand
numbers) is?
A. 250 B. 310
C. 435 D. 560
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 for both the years (in thousand numbers)
= (80 + 105) + (95 + 110) + (75 + 95)
= 560.

Directions to Solve
The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand number) from six branches of
a publishing company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from Six Branches - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and
B6 of a publishing Company in 2000 and 2001.

1.
What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of
branch B4 for both years?
A. 2:3 B. 3:5
C. 4:5 D. 7:9
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Required ratio =
(75 + 65)
=
140
=
7
.
(85 + 95) 180 9

2.
Total sales of branch B6 for both the years is what percent of the total sales of branches
B3 for both the years?
A. 68.54% B. 71.11%
C. 73.17% D. 75.55%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

(70 + 80)
x 100

%
(95 + 110)

=

150
x 100

%
205

= 73.17%.

3.
What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average
sales of branches B1, B3 and B6 in 2000?
A. 75% B. 77.5%
C. 82.5% D. 87.5%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
=
1
x (80 + 95 + 70) =

245

.
3 3
=
1
x (105 + 65 + 110) =

280

.
3 3

245/3
x 100

% =

245
x 100

% = 87.5%.
280/3 280

4.
What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?
A. 73 B. 80
C. 83 D. 88
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Average sales of all the six branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000
=
1
x [80 + 75 + 95 + 85 + 75 + 70]
6
= 80.

5.
Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand
numbers) is?
A. 250 B. 310
C. 435 D. 560
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 for both the years (in thousand numbers)
= (80 + 105) + (95 + 110) + (75 + 95)
= 560.

Directions to Solve
The following pie-chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in
publishing a book. Study the pie-chart and the answer the questions based on it.
Various Expenditures (in percentage) Incurred in Publishing a Book

1.
If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay Rs. 30,600 as printing cost,
then what will be amount of royalty to be paid for these books?
A. Rs. 19,450 B. Rs. 21,200
C. Rs. 22,950 D. Rs. 26,150
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Let the amount of Royalty to be paid for these books be Rs. r.
Then, 20 : 15 = 30600 : r r = Rs.

30600 x 15

= Rs. 22,950.
20

2.
What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on
Royalty?
A. 15 B. 24
C. 54 D. 48
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Central angle corresponding to Royalty = (15% of 360)

=

15
x 360

100

= 54.

3.
The price of the book is marked 20% above the C.P. If the marked price of the book is
Rs. 180, then what is the cost of the paper used in a single copy of the book?
A. Rs. 36 B. Rs. 37.50
C. Rs. 42 D. Rs. 44.25
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, marked price of the book = 120% of C.P.
Also, cost of paper = 25% of C.P
Let the cost of paper for a single book be Rs. n.
Then, 120 : 25 = 180 : n n = Rs.

25 x 180

= Rs. 37.50 .
120

4.
If 5500 copies are published and the transportation cost on them amounts to Rs. 82500,
then what should be the selling price of the book so that the publisher can earn a profit
of 25%?
A. Rs. 187.50 B. Rs. 191.50
C. Rs. 175 D. Rs. 180
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
For the publisher to earn a profit of 25%, S.P. = 125% of C.P.
Also Transportation Cost = 10% of C.P.
Let the S.P. of 5500 books be Rs. x.
Then, 10 : 125 = 82500 : x x = Rs.

125 x 82500

= Rs. 1031250.
10
S.P. of one book = Rs.

1031250

= Rs. 187.50 .
5500

5.
Royalty on the book is less than the printing cost by:
A. 5% B. 33
1
%
5
C. 20% D. 25%
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Printing Cost of book = 20% of C.P.
Royalty on book = 15% of C.P.
Difference = (20% of C.P.) - (15% of C.P) = 5% of C.P.
Percentage difference =

Difference
x 100

%
Printing Cost

=

5% of C.P.
x 100

% = 25%.
Printing Cost


Directions to Solve
Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions given below:
Distribution of candidates who were enrolled for MBA entrance exam and the
candidates (out of those enrolled) who passed the exam in different institutes:

1.
What percentage of candidates passed the Exam from institute T out of the total number
of candidates enrolled from the same institute?
A. 50% B. 62.5%
C. 75% D. 80%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

9% of 5700
x 100

% =

9 x 5700
x 100

% = 75%.
8% of 8550 8% of 8550

2.
Which institute has the highest percentage of candidates passed to the candidates
enrolled?
A. Q B. R
C. V D. T
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The percentage of candidates passed to candidates enrolled can be determined for each
institute as under:
(i) P =

18% of 5700

x 100

% =

18 x 5700
x 100

% = 54.55%.
22% of 8550 22 x 8550
(ii) Q =

17% of 5700

x 100

% = 75.56%.
15% of 8550
(iii) R =

13% of 5700

x 100

% = 86.67%.
10% of 8550
(iv) S =

16% of 5700

x 100

% = 62.75%.
17% of 8550
(v) T =

9% of 5700

x 100

% = 75%.
8% of 8550
(vi) V =

15% of 5700

x 100

% = 83.33%.
12% of 8550
(vii) X =

12% of 5700

x 100

% = 50%.
16% of 8550
Highest of these is 86.67% corresponding to institute R.

3.
The number of candidates passed from institutes S and P together exceeds the number
of candidates enrolled from institutes T and R together by:
A. 228 B. 279
C. 399 D. 407
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Required difference = [(16% + 18%) of 5700] - [(8% + 10%) of 8550]

= [(34% of 5700) - (18% of 8550)]

= (1938 - 1539)

= 399.

4.
What is the percentage of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled for institutes Q
and R together?
A. 68% B. 80%
C. 74% D. 65%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Candidates passed from institutes Q and R together = [(13% + 17%) of 5700]

= 30% of 57000.
Candidates enrolled from institutes Q and R together = [(15% + 10%) of 8550]

= 25% of 8550.
Required Percentage =

30% of 5700
x 100

%
25% of 8550

=

30 x 5700
x 100

%
25 x 8550

= 80%.

5.
What is the ratio of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled from institute P?
A. 9 : 11 B. 14 : 17
C. 6 : 11 D. 9 : 17
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Required ratio =

18% of 5700

=

18 x 5700

=
6
.
22% of 8550 22 x 8550 11

Directions to Solve
Study the following graph and the table and answer the questions given below.
Data of different states regarding population of states in the year 1998

Total population of the given States = 3276000.
States
Sex and Literacy wise Population Ratio
Sex Literacy
M F Literate Illiterate
A.P 5 3 2 7
M.P 3 1 1 4
Delhi 2 3 2 1
Goa 3 5 3 2
Bihar 3 4 4 1
U.P. 3 2 7 2
T.N. 3 4 9 4

1.
What will be the percentage of total number of males in U.P., M.P. and Goa together to
the total population of all the given states?
A. 25% B. 27.5%
C. 28.5% D. 31.5%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Number of males in U.P =

3
of (15% of N)

=
3
x
15
x N = 9 x
N
.
5 5 100 100
where N = 3276000.
Number of males in M.P =

3
of (20% of N)

=
3
x
20
x N = 15 x
N
.
4 4 100 100
Number of males in Goa =

3
of (12% of N)

=
3
x
12
x N = 4.5 x
N
.
8 8 100 100
Total number of males in these three states = (9 + 15 + 4.5) x
N
100

=

28.5 x
N

.
100
Required Percentage =

28.5 x
N

100
x 100

% = 28.5%.
N

2.
What was the total number of illiterate people in A.P. and M.P. in 1998?
A. 876040 B. 932170
C. 981550 D. 1161160
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
No. of illiterate people in A.P. =

7
of (25% of 3276000)

= 637000.
9
No. of illiterate people in M.P. =

4
of (20% of 3276000)

= 524160.
5
Total number = (637000 + 524160) = 1161160.

3.
What is the ratio of the number of females in T.N. to the number of females in Delhi?
A. 7 : 5 B. 9 : 7
C. 13 : 11 D. 15 : 14
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Required ratio =
4
of (9% of 3276000)
7

3
of (8% of 3276000)
5

=

4
x 9

7

3
x 8

5

=

4
x 9 x
5
x
1

7 3 8

=
15
.
14

4.
What was the number of males in U.P. in the year 1998?
A. 254650 B. 294840
C. 321470 D. 341200
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Number of males in U.P. =

3
of (15% of 3276000)

5

=
3
x
15
x 3726000
5 100

= 294840.

5.
If in the year 1998, there was an increase of 10% in the population of U.P. and 12% in
the population of M.P. compared to the previous year, then what was the ratio of
populations of U.P. and M.P. in 1997?
A. 42 : 55 B. 48 : 55
C. 7 : 11 D. 4 : 5
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Let x be the population of U.P. in 1997. Then,
Population of U.P. in 1998 = 110% of x =
110
x x.
100
Also, let y be the population of M.P. in 1997. Then,
Population of M.P. in 1998 = 112% of y =
112
x y.
100
Ratio of populations of U.P. and M.P. in 1998 =

110
x x

100
=
110x
.

112
x y

100
112y
From the pie-chart, this ratio is
15
.
20

110x
=
15

x
=
15
x
112
=
42
.
112y 20 y 20 110 55
Thus, ratio of populations of U.P. and M.P. in 1997 = x : y = 42 : 55.

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