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Cordoba
Fall 2008
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pedestals and its columns alternate shafts of blue and pink marble and
have typical caliphal wasp´s nests capitals from which the characteristic
horseshoe arches take off, made of alternating red and white voussoirs.
On the bottom level of the medina the Moorish quarter’s mosque can
be found. Laid out in a rectangular shape, the mosque has a southeastern
orientation (directed toward the Islamic pilgrimage site of Mecca in Saudi
Arabia toward Muslims across the world direct their daily prayers) and has
typical elements such as a courtyard, prayer room and minaret.
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The Mosque of the Medina Azahara
The Fortress of the Christian Kings (El Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos) is a
building of military character that King Alfonso XI of Castile had built in
1328. Altogether the building has a sober feeling exterior and a sumptuous
interior replete with magnificent gardens and courtyards that exhibit
Mudéjar inspiration. Crowned by four towers (Paloma: Dove, Leones: Lions,
Homenaje: Homage, and Inqusición: Inquisition), the fortress has a semi-
square shape. The principal room of the building is known as the Hall of the
Mosaics where one can admire the impressive mosaics as well as an 3rd
century sarcophagus. Beneath the present-day floor it is still possible to find
the remains of what are thought genuine baths used by dignitaries of the
Islamic period. The former Orchard of the Fortress (Huerta del Alcázar) has
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been transformed into a striking space of 55,000 square meters of gorgeous
gardens of Cypresses, Palms and Orange and Lemon trees that surround
elegant fountains and reservoirs.
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have been found in this part of Cordova proving a significant medieval
Jewish presence. The neighborhood forms a beautiful network of winding
sinuous and narrow streets with small plazas defined by white homes
constructed about courtyards filled with flowers, and it’s where you can
discover one of the most important religious monuments of Cordova: the
Synagogue.
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The Mosque of Cordova is the place where Muslims pray. Every Friday
members of the Islamic religious community unite to pray together.
Construction began on the Mosque as of the 8 th century on what was a
Visigoth basilica, continued with further amplification under the caliphate
and during the Christian re-conquest of Cordova converted the mosque into
a Catholic Cathedral.
From the Door of Pardon (La Puerta del Perdón), made in mudejar
(SP?) style, begins the Courtyard of the Oranges (El Patio de los Naranjos)
which receives its name from the rows of Orange and Palm trees that line it
and in which is found the Fountain of the Ablutions (Fuente de las
Abluciones), surrounded by typical horseshoe arches. Next to the Door
stands the minaret.
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From the Courtyard of the Oranges, the Door of The Palms (La Puerta
de Las Palmas) gives access to the interior of the mosque: a forest of about
850 marble and granite columns that support 375 white and red horseshow
arches. The Mihrab is the holy site the signals the southern direction and
not that of Mecca. Its construction consists of marble, stucco and Byzantine
mosaics
brilliantly
colored above a
base of gold.
The construction of the Mosque of Cordova began under the first emir
of Cordova, Abderramám I, in the year 786. The Courtyard, Fountain,
Minaret and a covered area for prayer were built first; this building consists
of 11 longitudinal naves with an orientation toward the River Guadalquivir,
which shares an identical width with each nave except for the central one,
which leads to the Mihrab, and the two at each end. The central nave is
slightly wider and each one on the end slightly narrower than the others. To
stabilize the high ceiling the architects of the mosque gave recourse to a
system of doubled arches of which the lower controls the stress of the
weight in a horseshoe shape while the superior one supports the ceiling in a
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middle point shape. Aside from the brilliant chromatic alternation created
by the alternating red brick and yellow limestone voussoirs in this system,
it’s the most significant aspect of the building. The result: an enormous
forest of double-arched columns that recall a Palm grove.
The interior of the Mosque: horseshoe, half point and interlace arches
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The mihrab of the Mosque
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built with a chromatic alternation of red and yellow, however, of the same
limestone material in the arches resembling, though differing, from
previous construction.
Almanzor’s extension
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The outside develops from a rampart crowned by turrets and fortified
by square towers in between which open the various doors of the building.
The capitals are of an extraordinary variety: Ionic, Corinthian and hybrids;
nearly all of these are left behind from Roman and Byzantine times,
originating in large part from the former basilica of Saint Vincent.
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Activity: Cultural Visit to Cordova
Medina Azahara
- A general map: color red the House of the Military, in green the door
to the entrance of the Alcázar, in yellow the Mosque and in blue the
throne room.
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- The first access point on the north wall is an “elbow access point.”
Can you explain reason of this design?
The Mosque
On the map also signal the following elements: the Fountain of the
(TRANSLATE abluciones), the wall of the quibla, mihrab and the minaret.
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- Draw the kinds of arches used in the Mosque.
- The mihrab is the most decorated area of the Mosque. What is the
cupola like? How is the door decorated? What colors were used? What
function does the mihrab have?
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