Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Release Notes
Release 12.0 ANSYS, Inc.
April 2009 Southpointe
275 Technology Drive
ANSYS, Inc. is
certified to ISO
9001:2008.
Canonsburg, PA 15317
ansysinfo@ansys.com
http://www.ansys.com
(T) 724-746-3304
(F) 724-514-9494
Copyright and Trademark Information
2009 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited.
ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT, HFSS and any and
all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks
of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark used by ANSYS, Inc.
under license. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand, product, service and feature names
or trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer Notice
THIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARE CONFIDENTIAL
AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS. The software products and document-
ation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license agreement that contains pro-
visions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance with exporting laws, warranties,
disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions. The software products and documentation may
be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license
agreement.
ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.
U.S. Government Rights
For U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use, du-
plication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc. software
license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).
Third-Party Software
See the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary software and
third-party software. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS, Inc.
Published in the U.S.A.
Table of Contents
1. Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1. Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.1.1. Contact Analysis Performance Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.1.2. Boundary Conditions on Rigid Target Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.1.3. Modeling Rigid Bodies with Rigid Target Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.4. Fluid Pressure-Penetration Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.5. Field-Dependent Data for Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.6. User-Defined Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.7. Overconstraint Detection and Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1.8. Energy- and Momentum-Conserving Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1.9. Debonding Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2.1. 3-D Discrete Reinforcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2.2. New Pipe and Elbow Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2.3. Ocean Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2.4. Cubic Shape Option for BEAM188 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2.5. Four-Node Tetrahedral Element with Pressure Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2.6. New General Axisymmetric Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2.7. New Remeshing Methods for 2-D Manual Rezoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2.8. General Shell Element Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2.9. Joint Element Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2.10. Line Element Postprocessing Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2.11. Gasket Element Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3. Linear Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3.1. Brake Squeal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3.2. Spectrum Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3.3. Cyclic Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.3.4. Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.3.5. Tabular Loads as a Function of Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.3.6. Mode Superposition Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.3.7. Rotordynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.3.8. Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.3.9. Postprocessing Complex Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.4. Materials and Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.4.1. Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.4.2. Anand Model for Current Element Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.4.3. Extended Drucker-Prager Creep Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.4.4. Bergstrom-Boyce Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.4.5. Mullins Effect Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.4.6. Tool-Narayanaswamy Shift Function with Fictive Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.4.7. Initial State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.4.8. User-Defined Linear Elastic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.4.9. J-Integral Calculation for Thermal Stress and Surface Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.4.10. Stress-Intensity Factors Calculation for Crack Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2. Coupled-Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1. Multi-field Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
iii
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
2.2.2. New Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.3. Prestress Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.1. New 3-D Electromagnetic Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.2. Electric Field Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4. High-Frequency Electromagnetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.1. Characteristic Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.2. Impedance Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.3. Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.4. Harmonic Wave Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.5. Modal Lumped Gap Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.6. Near and Far Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.7. Distributed ANSYS Support for High-Frequency Electromagnetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.5. Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.5.1. Thin Film Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6. Thermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7. Solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7.1. Supernode (SNODE) Modal Eigensolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7.2. High-Performance Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.7.3. New Performance Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.4. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.5. Distributed Sparse (DSPARSE) Solver Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.6. Block Lanczos (LANB) Solver Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.7. PCG Solver Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.8. Sparse Solver Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.9. MPI Software for Distributed ANSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.10. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.8. Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.8.1. New Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.8.2. Modified Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.8.3. Undocumented Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.9. Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.9.1. New Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.9.2. Modified Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.9.3. Undocumented Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.10. Other Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.1. Migrating to Current-Technology Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2. Documentation Updates for Programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2.1. Online Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2.2. The UserMat Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2.3. Routines and Functions Updated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2.4. Routines and Functions Added . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.2.5. Routines and Functions Removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.10.3. Substructuring Analysis Use Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.10.4. Predictor Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.10.5. PowerGraphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.10.6. ANSYS DesignXplorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.10.7. File Splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.10.8. ANSYS LS-DYNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.10.9. APDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.11. Known Incompatibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.11.1. Results File Format Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
iv
ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes
2.11.2. Scale Factors for Load Case Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.11.3. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.4. Contact Normal Stiffness and Plasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.5. Anand Material Model (TB Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.6. Campbell Analysis of a Prestressed Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.7. Computing a Time-Harmonic Solution at a Prescribed Phase Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.8. Sparse Solver in Distributed ANSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.9. Memory Options for the Distributed Sparse Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.10. Writing and Reading Geometry and Load Database Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.12. The ANSYS Customer Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3. ANSYS Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.1. Advisories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.2. ANSYS Workbench 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3. DesignModeler Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3.1. Feature Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3.2. Model Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.3. Sketching Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3.4. Incompatibilities and Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.4. TurboSystem Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.1. BladeGen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.1.1. BladeGen New Features and Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.1.2. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeGen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.2. BladeEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.2.1. BladeEditor New Features and Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.2.2. KNOWN DATA LOSS PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.2.3. Incompatibility between Versions of BladeEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.2.4. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.3. Vista TF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.5. CFX-Mesh Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.6. Meshing Application Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.7. Mechanical Application Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.8. FE Modeler Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.8.1. Feature Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.8.2. Import Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.8.3. Transformation Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.8.4. Resuming Databases from Previous Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.9. Design Exploration Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.10. Engineering Data Workspace Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.11. EKM Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4. ANSYS ASAS, ANSYS AQWA, Femsys FemGV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.1. ANSYS ASAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.2. ANSYS AQWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3. ANSYS AQWAWB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.4. Femsys FemGV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.5. Installation and Licensing Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5. ANSYS AUTODYN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.2. ANSYS AUTODYN and ANSYS Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3. Solver Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3.1. Trajectory Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3.2. Breakable Bonded Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.3.3. Discrete Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
v
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes
5.3.4. Breakable Spotwelds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.3.5. Merging of Unstructured Joined Nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.3.6. Local Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.3.7. Global Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.3.8. Coupling for 3-D Multi-Material Euler Joined Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.3.9. Dezoning for 3-D Coupled Euler Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.3.10. Using Implicit ANSYS Results for Initialization (Implicit to Explicit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.3.11. 64-bit Windows Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.4. Material Modeling Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.4.1. Hyperelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.4.2. Plastic Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.4.3. Orthotropic Material Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.4.4. Material Erosion Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.4.5. Multibody Rigid Material with Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.5. Postprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.5.1. Directional Plastic Strain Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.5.2. New Model Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.6. Installation and Licensing Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6. ANSYS CFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1. New Features and Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1.1. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1.2. ANSYS CFX in General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1.3. ANSYS CFX Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1.4. ANSYS CFX-Pre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.1. Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.2. CEL and Expression Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.3. Execution Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.4. Mesh Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.5. Region Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.1.4.6. User Control for Boundary Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.4.7. Other Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.5. ANSYS CFX-Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.5.1. Efficiency and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.5.2. Immersed Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.5.3. Particle Tracking Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.1.5.4. Combustion and Reacting Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.1.5.5. Thin Regions and other Domain Interface Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.1.5.6. Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.1.5.7. Eulerian Multi-Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.1.5.8. Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.1.5.9. Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.1.5.10. Other Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.1.6. ANSYS CFD-Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.2. Incompatibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.2.1. CFX-Pre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.2.2. ANSYS CFX-Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.2.2.1. Discretization Changes (affect converged solution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.2.2.2. Convergence Behavior Changes (do not affect converged solution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.2.2.3. Cosmetic Changes (no effect on convergence behavior or solution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.2.2.4. Changes to Files for Parallel Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.2.3. CFD-Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.3. Known Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
vi
ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes
7. ANSYS TurboGrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8. ANSYS ICEM CFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.1. Highlights of ANSYS ICEM CFD 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.2. Key New Features/Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.2.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.2.2. Workbench Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.2.3. CAD Interface Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.2.4. Geometry Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.2.5. Graphical Interface Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.2.6. Windows 64bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.2.7. Tetra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.2.8. Hexa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.2.9. Multi-zone (2D Surface Blocking with 2D to 3D Fill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.2.10. BF-Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.2.11. Mesh Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.2.12. Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.3. Known Incompatibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.4. Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
8.4.1. FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
8.4.2. Tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
9. ANSYS CFD-Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
9.1. New Features and Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
9.2. Incompatibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
9.3. Known Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
10. ANSYS FLUENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
10.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
10.1.1. Installation Procedures for FLUENT (Windows and UNIX/Linux Platforms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
10.2. New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
10.3. Supported Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
10.4. Known Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
10.5. Limitations That No Longer Apply in FLUENT 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
10.6. Updates Affecting Code Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
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ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
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Chapter 1: Global
The following installation and licensing changes apply to all ANSYS, Inc. products at the 12.0 release. Be sure
to read the Release Notes for your individual product(s) for additional installation and licensing changes
specific to your product(s).
1.1. Installation
ANSYS, Inc. product distributions are available for download on the ANSYS, Inc. website. Windows and
Linux product distributions are also available on media which contains all ANSYS, Inc. products in the
form of a unified product install for a specific Windows or Linux platform. If you download ANSYS, Inc.
products from the ANSYS, Inc. website, you will be required to download separate product component
packages that must be combined to create a unified product install based on your product selections.
The 12.0 ANSYS, Inc. License Manager must be installed as a separate process. It is no longer available
in the product installation. Please refer to the section on License Manager Installation in the ANSYS, Inc.
Installation Guide for your platform for detailed information on installing the ANSYS, Inc. License Manager
to set up a license server machine.
The product installation process now automatically installs the client licensing; once you have installed
the license server, you do not need to take any further steps to configure a client.
Product installs do not require administrator privileges but it is highly recommended. For non-admin
product installs, some product components will require additional post-installation configuration pro-
cedures that may require administrator privileges. Please refer to Post-Installation Procedures in the
ANSYS, Inc. Windows Installation Guide. In addition, you will also need administrator privileges to install
any necessary prerequisites before installing any ANSYS, Inc. products.
On Windows systems, you must have Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 SP1, Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1
Redistributable, 2.0.50727.762, and Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Redistributable Package (x64) or (x86),
6.0.2900.2180 installed on your system. You will be able to install these files using the installation setup
menu. All files are also located under the \util directory.
To uninstall a product on Windows systems, you must use the uninstall process described in the ANSYS,
Inc. Installation Guide for Windows. You cannot use Microsoft Windows' Add/Remove Programs feature.
If you have installed any pre-release version of Release 12.0 software, you should delete the contents
of the %appdata%\Ansys\v120 folder prior to installing the released version. This directory contains
application-specific data that may have incompatibilities with the final released version.
ANSYS Workbench, EKM Desktop, and some of the CAD products are no longer listed in the Product
Selection dialog of the installation process. These items are automatically installed and configured with
all applicable product installations.
ANSYS 12.0 still supports platform and network installations; however, the process has changed from
Release 11.0. The AWPNC utility is no longer used on Windows systems. Please review the information
in the section on Network Configuration in the ANSYS, Inc. Installation Guide for your platform carefully
for procedures on platform and network installations.
Text mode installation is no longer supported.
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Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
The Drop Test Module (DTM) is no longer an add-on feature for ANSYS LS-DYNA. At ANSYS 12.0, the
DTM is included in all applicable products. The -dtm command line option is no longer valid; if you issue
the -dtm command line option when you launch ANSYS, the product will interpret it as a parameter.
1.2. Licensing
Important Licensing Upgrade Notice This release requires a licensing upgrade. The 12.0 License Manager
is required to run ANSYS 12.0 products. The ANSYS, Inc. License Manager and its associated processes have
changed significantly at 12.0. Please carefully review the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide for more information
on these changes. The new 12.0 licensing process will continue to support ANSYS licensing from prior ANSYS
releases.
Other Licensing Updates for Release 12.0 Please note these additional updates to the Release 12.0 li-
censing:
lmgrd and ansyslmd continue to use FLEXlm 10.8.5 at this release. However, due to other licensing
updates, you must install the new license manager or your ANSYS, Inc. products will not run.
Communications between the ANSYS applications, lmgrd, and ansyslmd are now handled by an in-
termediary process called the ANSYS Licensing Interconnect. The ANSYS Licensing Interconnect commu-
nicates with the FLEXlm component of the license manager to authenticate and process all license re-
quests. Using an intermediary process allows us to seamlessly integrate our full range of product offerings
to continually offer you access to the latest products with minimal disruption to your licensing environ-
ment. It also allows us a platform on which to enhance important licensing features. You must install
the new license manager, including the licensing interconnect, or your ANSYS, Inc. products will not
run. We strongly recommend that you review the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide to become familiar with
the changes.
The licensing installation process is now separate for the server and the client. The client portion is in-
stalled automatically during a product installation and requires no further action. The server portion is
a separate installation and must be installed for your ANSYS, Inc. products to run.
On Windows license server machines, you will now have access to a server (full) version of the AN-
SLIC_ADMIN utility and a client version. You will use the Server ANSLIC_ADMIN utility to manage licenses
for all users who use that machine as a license server machine. Use the Client ANSLIC_ADMIN machine
to make changes to that local machine's configuration. Changes made using the Client ANSLIC_ADMIN
utility will not affect other users. For more information, see the chapter on ANSLIC_ADMIN in the ANSYS,
Inc. Licensing Guide.
On Windows license server machines at Release 12.0, you will now see a start menu item, ANSYS, Inc.
License Manager, from which you can access the Server ANSLIC_ADMIN utility, as well as the ANSYS,
Inc. Licensing Guide and the FLEXnet Licensing End User Guide. On client machines, you can also access
the Client ANSLIC_ADMIN utility from Start>Programs>ANSYS 12.0>ANSYS Client Licensing. You
should use these utilities to manage the Release 12.0 ANSYS, Inc. licensing.
On Windows client machines, you may still see an ANSYS FLEXlm License Manager start menu item
from an earlier release. This option should be used only for Release 11.0 or earlier, and will not allow
you to correctly manage the Release 12.0 licensing. See License Administration Using ANSLIC_ADMIN
in the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide for details on using the appropriate ANSLIC_ADMIN option to manage
your licensing.
The ANSYS, Inc. License Manager now uses a different service, the ANSYS, Inc. License Manager, on
Windows machines. The previously used service, ANSYS FLEXlm License Manager, will be removed and
replaced by this new service during the license server installation.
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
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Chapter 1: Global
ANSYS 12.0 provides a new automatic boot process on UNIX/Linux machines. See Start the ANSYS License
Manager at System Boot Time for instructions on upgrading to the new process.
The LM_LICENSE_FILE environment variable is no longer supported.
LMTOOLS is no longer sufficient to manage the ANSYS, Inc. License Manager and the Licensing Inter-
connect. You should use the ANSLIC_ADMIN utility to start or stop the license manager, check the license
status, etc. However, if you have well-established processes to manage FLEXlm, you can continue to
use those processes and tools (such as LMTOOLS, FLEXNet Manager, and lmutil). For more information
on managing FLEXlm separately using your own processes and tools, see Advanced Licensing Configur-
ation Options.
The ANSYS Licensing Interconnect does not support the use of IP addresses in the FLEXlm options file
for those settings that allow their use, such as EXCLUDE and INCLUDE.
To specify group restrictions for performing license administrative tasks, in addition to creating an
lmadmin group, you must make sure that all members of that group have the lmadmin group as their
primary group and the Licensing Interconnect needs to be told to use group restrictions. See Create a
Group in the ANSYS, Inc. Licensing Guide for more information.
Beginning with Release 12.0, ANSYS, Inc. products will be standardizing on a unified set of platform
names. These names may be different than what your products used in past releases. Please refer to
the ANSYS, Inc. Installation Guide for your platform for the list of supported platforms and the standardized
platform name.
You are now able to combine ANSYS and LS-DYNA by using the -dyn command option for ANSYS
Structural and higher license levels that do not have LS-DYNA enabled. See Starting ANSYS LS-DYNA
in the ANSYS LS-DYNA User's Guide for more information.
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
1.2. Licensing
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
4
Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
In order to clarify the physics and simulation applications available from ANSYS, Inc. at Release 12.0, the
ANSYS PREP7/POST1 interface is now called the "Mechanical APDL application" within the Workbench envir-
onment. In addition, the ANSYS Workbench interface formerly known as Simulation is now called the
"Mechanical application."
Both the Mechanical application and the Mechanical APDL application of the ANSYS Mechanical family of
software products provide a unique combination of power and ease of use, and both together offer compre-
hensive user interface choices and flexibility. The Mechanical application has been developed over the last
few releases to be our environment for simulation automation and ease of use combined with the full power
of the ANSYS solver technology. The Mechanical APDL application will continue to be our user interface
environment that emphasizes access to commands, customization and scripting.
This release of the Mechanical APDL application contains all of the capabilities from previous releases plus
many new features and enhancements. Areas where you will find changes and new capabilities include the
following:
Structural (p. 5)
Coupled-Field (p. 18)
Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (p. 19)
High-Frequency Electromagnetics (p. 20)
Fluids (p. 21)
Thermal (p. 21)
Solvers (p. 21)
Other Enhancements (p. 33)
Commands (p. 24)
Elements (p. 29)
APDL (p. 35)
Documentation Updates for Programmers (p. 33)
Also see Known Incompatibilities (p. 35) and The ANSYS Customer Portal (p. 37) for important information
about this release.
For information about changes to the ANSYS Workbench Products, see the ANSYS Workbench Products Release
Notes.
2.1. Structural
Release 12.0 includes the following new features and enhancements for structural analyses:
2.1.1. Contact
2.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology
2.1.3. Linear Dynamics
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
2.1.4. Materials and Fracture
2.1.1. Contact
Release 12.0 includes the following enhancements for structural analyses involving contact:
2.1.1.1. Contact Analysis Performance Improvements
2.1.1.2. Boundary Conditions on Rigid Target Surfaces
2.1.1.3. Modeling Rigid Bodies with Rigid Target Surfaces
2.1.1.4. Fluid Pressure-Penetration Load
2.1.1.5. Field-Dependent Data for Friction
2.1.1.6. User-Defined Friction
2.1.1.7. Overconstraint Detection and Elimination
2.1.1.8. Energy- and Momentum-Conserving Contact
2.1.1.9. Debonding Enhancements
2.1.1.1. Contact Analysis Performance Improvements
Significant performance improvements have been made for contact analysis, as described below.
A new search algorithm speeds up contact searching significantly, depending on the nature of the
contact model.
The computation time for contact element assembly and contact results is reduced by as much as 50
percent.
Contact results related to far field contact are no longer computed and stored, which greatly reduces
the size of the results file.
The CNCHECK command has new options for removing (TRIM) or unselecting (UNSE) contact and target
elements which are initially in far field. The new capabilities improve solution efficiency for small sliding
contact or assembly contact, especially in Distributed ANSYS runs.
The CNCHECK command also has a new option for automatically setting certain default or undefined
key options and real constants to optimized values. The option improves robustness and efficiency.
A new option for shell-solid assemblies (target element TARGE170 with KEYOPT(5) = 5) improves the
stress distribution at the shell-solid interface.
Auto constraint type-detection for shell-shell assemblies (target element TARGE170 with KEYOPT(5) =
0) has been improved so that the program chooses the constraint type that is most efficient for the
given contact situation. You may therefore notice slight differences in the contact output at this release.
Stiffness multiplier damping (BETAD or MP,DAMP) is no longer applied to contact elements in a full
transient analysis, resulting in more accurate simulations, especially in the contact force calculations.
2.1.1.2. Boundary Conditions on Rigid Target Surfaces
In previous releases, only the pilot node of a rigid target could accept boundary conditions, and only the
pilot node could connect to other elements for an entire rigid target surface. These restrictions have been
removed. Now, any rigid target nodes can have boundary conditions and can connect to other elements.
The enhancement allows rigid target surfaces to represent rigid bodies.
See Controlling the Motion of the Rigid Target Surface in the Contact Technology Guide for more information.
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
6
Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
2.1.1.3. Modeling Rigid Bodies with Rigid Target Surfaces
Defining a rigid body in a multibody analysis has been simplified. Instead of defining a rigid body using two
element types (contact and target elements) as in the previous release, you now define a rigid target surface
(a set of target element nodes and a single pilot node) to represent the rigid body. The new method offers
the following advantages:
Only one target element type is necessary.
The size of the DB, ESAVE and RST files is greatly reduced.
In addition, a new POINT target segment has been added to the existing segment sets of target elements
TARGE169 and TARGE170. You can define the segment type on a rigid body where no predefined node exists
and use it to apply boundary conditions (point loads, displacement constraints, etc.) at that point.
See Defining a Rigid Body in the Multibody Analysis Guide for more information.
2.1.1.4. Fluid Pressure-Penetration Load
You can now define pressure-penetration loads to model surrounding fluid or gas penetrating into the
contact interface, based on the contact status. You can apply such loads to 2-D and 3-D surface-to-surface
contact elements (CONTA171, CONTA172, CONTA173, and CONTA174) and associated target elements
(TARGE169 and TARGE170). The new load type is valid for flexible-to-flexible or rigid-to-flexible contact pairs
undergoing small or large sliding.
To model fluid-pressure penetration loads, you must specify the fluid pressure, fluid-penetration starting
points, the fluid-penetration criterion, and the fluid-penetration acting time. For more information, see Ap-
plying Fluid Pressure-Penetration Loads in the Contact Technology Guide
2.1.1.5. Field-Dependent Data for Friction
You can now define a coefficient of friction that is dependent on temperature, time, normal pressure, sliding
distance, or sliding relative velocity. You can use suitable combinations of up to two fields to define depend-
ency; for example, temperature and sliding distance. The new capability applies to both isotropic and ortho-
tropic friction. After specifying the data table type as a friction table (TB,FRIC), issue the TBFIELD command
to define your field values, followed by the TBDATA command to define your friction data. For more inform-
ation, see Contact Friction in the Element Reference.
2.1.1.6. User-Defined Friction
You can now write a userfric subroutine to create your own friction model for 2-D and 3-D contact ele-
ments (CONTA171, CONTA172, CONTA173, CONTA174, CONTA175, CONTA176, CONTA177, and CONTA178).
To implement a user-defined friction model, use the TB,FRIC command with TBOPT = USER to specify friction
properties, and write a userfric subroutine to compute friction forces. For more information, see User-
Defined Friction in the Element Reference.
2.1.1.7. Overconstraint Detection and Elimination
When a degree of freedom is subjected to multiple constraints, overconstraint occurs, a condition which
often results in solver-failure convergence difficulties or inaccurate solutions. The program now automatically
eliminates a limited set of overconstraints detected during solution and issues appropriate warning messages.
For troubleshooting purposes, you can display certain eliminated constraints in the POST1 postprocessor.
For more information, see Overconstraint Detection and Elimination in the Contact Technology Guide.
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2.1.1. Contact
2.1.1.8. Energy- and Momentum-Conserving Contact
In a transient dynamic analysis with contact where the contact and target surfaces impact each other with
nonzero relative velocities, it is important to satisfy momentum and energy balance for the contact/target
interface. Energy- and momentum-conserving contact is now available for the 2-D and 3-D contact elements
and is activated by setting impact constraints (KEYOPT(7) = 4 on the contact element). For more information,
see "Dynamic Contact and Impact Modeling" in the Contact Technology Guide.
2.1.1.9. Debonding Enhancements
The debonding capability refers specifically to separation of bonded contact. Several enhancements to de-
bonding are available in this release:
The debonding feature supports two additional types of bonded contact: no-separation contact with
sliding permitted (KEYOPT(12) = 2), and bonded contact (KEYOPT(12) = 3).
The damping-coefficient input parameter for the cohesive zone material definition has revised size re-
quirements; it should be smaller than the minimum time step size such that the maximum traction and
maximum separation (or critical traction) energy values are not exceeded during debonding.
For more information, see Including Debonding in a Contact Analysis in the Contact Technology Guide.
2.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology
Release 12.0 includes the following enhancements to elements and nonlinear technology:
2.1.2.1. 3-D Discrete Reinforcing
2.1.2.2. New Pipe and Elbow Elements
2.1.2.3. Ocean Loading
2.1.2.4. Cubic Shape Option for BEAM188
2.1.2.5. Four-Node Tetrahedral Element with Pressure Stabilization
2.1.2.6. New General Axisymmetric Elements
2.1.2.7. New Remeshing Methods for 2-D Manual Rezoning
2.1.2.8. General Shell Element Improvements
2.1.2.9. Joint Element Enhancements
2.1.2.10. Line Element Postprocessing Enhancements
2.1.2.11. Gasket Element Enhancements
2.1.2.1. 3-D Discrete Reinforcing
Use the new REINF264 3-D discrete reinforcing element with standard 3-D link, beam, solid, and shell elements
(referred to as the base elements) to provide extra reinforcing to those elements. The element is suitable for
simulating reinforcing fibers with arbitrary orientations. Each fiber is modeled separately as a spar that has
only uniaxial stiffness. REINF264 allows tension-only and compression-only options. You can specify multiple
reinforcing fibers in one REINF264 element. The nodal locations, degrees of freedom, and connectivity of
the REINF264 element are identical to those of the base element. REINF264 supports plasticity, stress-stiffening,
creep, large-deflection, and large-strain capabilities.
2.1.2.2. New Pipe and Elbow Elements
PIPE288 and PIPE289 are among the latest additions to the set of current-technology elements available for
your use. The elements have a robust and consistent nonlinear formulation, allowing you to easily simulate
pipe behavior using a large family of nonlinear material models. For example, you can use hyperelasticity
for nonmetallic pipes. The elements support traditional plane stress and a full 3-D representation. The elements
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have a capable infrastructure, offering 3-D visualization and various hydrodynamic loading and formulation
options. PIPE288 also offers a cubic shape option (activated via KEYOPT(3) = 3).
While PIPE288 and PIPE289 offer advanced analysis capability, they are still bound by the approximations
of beam representation. For example, the cross-section cannot distort.
The new ELBOW290 element, suitable for curved pipes, uses shell theory with a user-selected set of Fourier
functions to represent complex distortion of the cross-section. As with other current-technology elements,
many nonlinear material models are available. The element supports finite strain and rotation applications,
and offers more accuracy (than PIPE288 and PIPE289) when cross-section distortion is expected. Unlike tra-
ditional elbow formulations, ELBOW290 is also suitable for nonmetallic, composite curved pipes.
The PIPE288, PIPE289, and ELBOW290 elements support other advanced nonlinear features, such as nonlinear
stabilization.
2.1.2.3. Ocean Loading
Ocean loading for pipes is now available via the current-technology PIPE288 and PIPE289 elements. The
ocean environment can take current and wave conditions into account. Define an ocean environment using
the new ocean commands (OCDATA, OCTABLE, and related commands). Use the SOCEAN command to
associate the ocean environment with the most recently defined pipe section (SECTYPE,,PIPE).
While ocean loading is available with the legacy PIPE59 element, PIPE288 and PIPE289 (along with the ocean
commands) offer full nonlinear capability and ocean loading tables of unlimited size.
2.1.2.4. Cubic Shape Option for BEAM188
The BEAM188 element now has a cubic option (activated via KEYOPT(3) = 3). The new option uses cubic
shape functions for all displacement and rotation degrees of freedom, and is capable of representing the
quadratically varying bending moments accurately. It offers superior accuracy over the linear (KEYOPT(3) =
0) or the quadratic (KEYOPT(3) = 2) options, particularly when higher-order element interpolations are desired.
ANSYS, Inc. recommends the cubic option in situations where:
The element is associated with tapered cross-sections.
Nonuniform loads (including tapered distributed loads, partially distributed loads, and non-nodal point
loads) exist within the element.
The element may undergo highly nonuniform deformation (for example, when individual frame members
in civil engineering structures are modeled with single elements).
A cubic shape option is also available for the new PIPE288 element. For more information, see New Pipe and
Elbow Elements (p. 8).
2.1.2.5. Four-Node Tetrahedral Element with Pressure Stabilization
The new SOLID285 element is a lower-order 3-D, four-node mixed u-P element. The element has a linear
displacement and hydrostatic pressure behavior. SOLID285 has a utilitarian element shape and tolerates
mesh distortion; it is therefore easy to mesh, making it ideal for irregular meshes (such as those generated
by CAD/CAM systems) and large-deformation analyses. SOLID285 is also suitable for modeling general ma-
terials (including incompressible materials). The element supports nonlinear stabilization.
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2.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology
2.1.2.6. New General Axisymmetric Elements
Two general axisymmetric solid elements, SOLID272 and SOLID273, allow you to efficiently simulate general
3-D deformation of axisymmetric structures. The elements introduce different Fourier series terms into the
interpolation functions simultaneously to describe the displacements in the circumferential () direction;
therefore, unlike the harmonic axisymmetric elements, the general axisymmetric elements can have physical
nonaxisymmetric loads applied directly and require only one solve to obtain the solution. They can also
apply to any analysis type, including geometric nonlinear analyses, and can support arbitrary load and de-
formation modes.
SOLID272 is defined by four nodes on the master plane, and nodes created automatically in the circumfer-
ential direction based on the four master plane nodes.
SOLID273 has quadratic displacement behavior on the master plane and is well suited to modeling irregular
meshes on the master plane. It is defined by eight nodes on the master plane, and nodes created automat-
ically in the circumferential direction based on the eight master plane nodes.
In either element, the total number of nodes depends on the number of node planes (KEYOPT(2)). Each
node has three degrees of freedom: translations in the nodal x, y and z directions. The elements allow a
triangle as the degenerated shape on the master plane to simulate irregular areas. The elements support
plasticity, hyperelasticity, stress-stiffening, large-deflection, large-strain, and nonlinear-stabilization capabilities.
They also have mixed-formulation capability for simulating deformations of nearly incompressible elastoplastic
materials, and nearly and fully incompressible hyperelastic materials. The elements can have arbitrary axes
of rotation (defined via SECTYPE and SECDATA commands).
For more information, see General Axisymmetric Elements in the Element Reference.
2.1.2.7. New Remeshing Methods for 2-D Manual Rezoning
In addition to using an ANSYS-generated mesh, two new methods are now available for remeshing during
a 2-D manual rezoning operation:
Remeshing Using a Generic (CDB) New Mesh
You can now use a generic new mesh generated by another application (such as ANSYS ICEM CFD)
when performing a manual rezoning operation. Using a generic mesh gives you more control over the
mesh, sometimes necessary when the old mesh is too distorted to converge even after rezoning using
an ANSYS-generated new mesh.
To use a new third-party mesh, the mesh file must be in a .cdb file format. The .cdb file must have
mesh information, but an IGES file (geometry information) is not required. Typically, the new .cdb
mesh is generated from a faceted geometry representation of the boundary of the region to be rezoned.
Issue a REMESH,READ command to read in the .cdb file.
For more information, see Remeshing Using a Generic New Mesh in the Advanced Analysis Techniques
Guide.
Remeshing Using Mesh Splitting
You can now manually split an existing mesh during the rezoning process to obtain the solution of a
nonlinear analysis which cannot otherwise converge, or to improve its accuracy. Mesh splitting increases
the number of degrees of freedom of the model by enriching the existing mesh. It is a useful option
for rezoning if the accuracy must be increased in contact gaps, or if a new ANSYS-generated mesh or
a generic third-party new mesh do not fully meet your requirements.
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You can perform mesh splitting as a standalone operation, or after creating a new mesh during rezoning
(via AREMESH and AMESH commands) or reading in a generic new mesh (via a REMESH,READ com-
mand).
For more information, see Remeshing Using Manual Mesh Splitting in the Advanced Analysis Techniques
Guide.
Any of the available remeshing methods generally apply to 2-D rezoning problems that use PLANE182 and
PLANE183 elements, along with CONTA171, CONTA172, and TARGE169 elements.
2.1.2.8. General Shell Element Improvements
The SHELL181, SHELL281, SHELL208, and SHELL209 elements by default use a new nonlinear thickness-update
algorithm that accounts for actual material properties. The new algorithm also improves convergence in
general. (You also have the option of using the algorithm for thickness updating that was used by default
prior to this release. That algorithm is based on preserving the element volume.)
An improved shell formulation is now available for SHELL281, allowing the element to properly incorporate
the effects of initial shell curvature, membrane straining, and thickness strain in the shell-curvature update.
The new formulation generally results in improved solution accuracy, especially when shell-thickness effects
are significant.
Linearized stresses, including membrane, bending, and peak stresses, are now output for SHELL181, SHELL281,
SHELL208, SHELL209, and SOLSH190. Those quantities are directly available for postprocessing as SMISC
items. The new outputs are especially useful for verification of code compliance.
2.1.2.9. Joint Element Enhancements
A new screw joint type named MPC184-Screw is available. The element has two nodes and allows a relative
rotation around the screw axis as well as a relative displacement along the axis of the screw (similar to the
cylindrical joint).
You can now define Coulomb friction for the revolute joint, slot joint, and translational joint elements. You
can define the Coulomb friction coefficient using one of these options:
As single value of the Coulomb friction coefficient
As a function of the sliding velocity
Using the exponential law for friction behavior
For more information, see Frictional Behavior in the Element Reference.
2.1.2.10. Line Element Postprocessing Enhancements
Listing and plotting a complete element solution (including stresses, elastic strains, plastic strains, creep
strains, total strains, and strain energy density) is now possible with current-technology elements LINK180,
BEAM188, and BEAM189 using POST1 commands PLESOL, PLNSOL, PRESOL, and PRNSOL.
The element solution can now be stored averaged (KEYOPT(15) = 0) or non-averaged (KEYOPT(15) = 1)
within the beam cross-sections. The non-averaged storage option typically applies to built-up beam sections
with multiple materials. For beam sections with curved boundaries (such as CTUBE or CSOLID subsections),
an improved solution-extrapolation method derives a more accurate element solution at the section
boundaries.
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2.1.2. Elements and Nonlinear Technology
2.1.2.11. Gasket Element Enhancements
Now by default, the INTER192, INTER193, INTER194, and INTER195 elements include both through-thickness
and transverse-shear stiffnesses (KEYOPT(2) = 1). Also by default, INTER193 and INTER194 adopt a full integ-
ration scheme (KEYOPT(4) = 2). The full-integration scheme and the inclusion of transverse-shear stiffness
are generally required when the interfaces between the gasket and the mating parts are modeled as sliding
contact. The new enhancements result in improved convergence behavior.
2.1.3. Linear Dynamics
Release 12.0 includes the following enhancements in the area of linear dynamics:
2.1.3.1. Brake Squeal Analysis
2.1.3.2. Spectrum Analysis
2.1.3.3. Cyclic Symmetry
2.1.3.4. Modal Analysis
2.1.3.5. Tabular Loads as a Function of Frequency
2.1.3.6. Mode Superposition Analysis
2.1.3.7. Rotordynamic Analysis
2.1.3.8. Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC)
2.1.3.9. Postprocessing Complex Results
2.1.3.1. Brake Squeal Analysis
Two new methods are available for performing a brake squeal analysis: a linear non-prestressed modal
analysis method, and a partial prestressed modal analysis method. These methods involve performing a
partial element solution (PSOLVE) for steady-state frictional sliding instead of a standard Newton-Raphson
iterative solution. The linear non-prestressed modal method is appropriate when stress-stiffening effects are
not critical, and the partial prestressed modal analysis method is appropriate when stress stiffening must
be considered. For more information, see Brake Squeal Analysis in the Structural Analysis Guide.
2.1.3.2. Spectrum Analysis
This release offers enhanced spectrum analysis support, as follows:
*GET applicability
Participation factors and mode coefficients can be retrieved for each excitation using the *GET command
with Entity = MODE. You can specify the spectrum number via Item2 = SPECT.
Response spectrum plot
The new SVPLOT command displays four input response spectra that you define (via the FREQ and SV
commands).
Limitations
The maximum number of modes that can be combined when performing a random vibration analysis
or a spectrum analysis has been increased from 1000 to 10000.
SPRS analysis
The number of points per input response spectrum (FREQ and SV commands) has increased from 20
to 100, allowing the input of rougher curves for secondary equipments.
Random vibration analysis and MPRS analysis
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100 responses can now be combined which corresponds to the number of PFACT commands.
The number of unique input PSD tables has increased from 10 to 20.
The number of points per input spectrum is no longer limited to 50 for PSDFRQ and PSDVAL commands
usage.
Combination method
The Rosenblueth combination method is now available for Single Point Response Spectrum (SPRS) and
Multiple Point Response Spectrum (MPRS) through the ROSE command. This method is based on the
same theoretical background as Double Sum combination (DSUM command) except that the sign of
the modal responses is retained leading to a less conservative total response.
Missing mass and rigid responses (NRC 1-92 application)
You can now include the missing mass response in your Single Point Response Spectrum (SPRS) or
Multiple Point Response Spectrum (MPRS) analysis using the new MMASS command. When included,
the missing mass response accounts for the contribution of all modes with a frequency at which the
response spectrum returns to the zero period acceleration. You can also include the rigid responses
effect using the new RIGRESP command, resulting in a better combination of the modes having a fre-
quency in the higher range of the response spectrum.
MPRS analysis general enhancements
The static shapes are written as load step 2 on the results file (.rst) for postprocessing or possible
customized combinations using APDL.
The mode coefficients for each excitation are no longer combined before the combination file (.mcom)
is written to support the *GET command and improve the combination file readability.
2.1.3.3. Cyclic Symmetry
This release offers enhanced support for analyses involving cyclic symmetry, as follows:
Variational Technology (VT)
The CYCOPT command has a new option for activating the VT accelerator (OPTION = VTSOL). The VT
accelerator provides a significant speed increase for the harmonic index solutions (depending on the
hardware, model, and analysis type). With the VT accelerator, faster modal cyclic solutions are possible,
allowing for cost-effective, simulation-driven parametric studies of cyclic symmetry models when five
or more harmonic index solutions are requested. An ANSYS High Performance Computing (HPC) license
is required to use this feature.
Full harmonic analysis
Cyclic symmetry is now supported in full harmonic analyses. For every boundary condition type, you
can input, list, and solve complex harmonic boundary conditions for cyclic symmetry and regular solid/FE
models. A new SECTOR argument for the NSOL command specifies a location for storing the node
results in the POST26 frequency sweep post processor.
2.1.3.4. Modal Analysis
This release offers enhanced modal analysis support, as follows:
Load vector generation
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2.1.3. Linear Dynamics
During a modal analysis, the element load information can now be written to a separate file (Job-
name.MLV) so that the data can be made available without recalculating during a subsequent transient
analysis. The MXPAND and LVSCALE commands are enhanced, and a new MODCONT command is
available for creating multiple load vectors in a modal analysis.
QR damped eigensolver
Performance has been improved for models having more than one million degrees of freedom.
CPU and memory usage have been greatly optimized, allowing much faster solutions.
Mode shapes are now mass-normalized by default.
Supernode (SNODE) eigensolver
The new Supernode eigensolver (MODOPT,SNODE) is available for modal analyses. It solves for many
modes (up to 10,000) in a single solution. See Supernode (SNODE) Modal Eigensolver (p. 21) for more
information.
*GET applicability
You can retrieve participation factors for each direction via the *GET command with Entity = MODE.
You can specify the direction via Item2 = DIREC (X, Y, Z, ROTX, ROTY or ROTZ).
2.1.3.5. Tabular Loads as a Function of Frequency
Finite element loads, force, pressure, displacement and body loads (F, SF, SFE, D, BF and BFE) can now be
defined as frequency-dependent variables and input as tabular loads. The *DIM command represents the
load as a function of frequency, allowing the parameterized load to be applied at any node, surface, or element
of your model. The process is enhanced via the Function Editor, which provides GUI functionality for the
parameterization.
2.1.3.6. Mode Superposition Analysis
Performance has been enhanced for linear dynamic analyses based on mode superposition, including tran-
sient (ANTYPE,TRAN with TRNOPT,MSUP), harmonic (ANTYPE with HROPT,MSUP) and PSD (ANTYPE with
SPOPT,PSD). The expansion pass of mode-superposition transient and harmonic analyses (EXPASS,ON) is
faster if the stresses are expanded during the modal analysis. For more information, see Mode Superposition
Harmonic Response Analysis and Performing a Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis in the
Structural Analysis Guide.
The PSD mode combination step (PSDCOM) for large models with a large number of modes is also significantly
faster. Additionally, the static solution is skipped if the structure is subjected to a uniform base excitation
(PFACT,,BASE), resulting in additional time savings.
2.1.3.7. Rotordynamic Analysis
This release offers enhanced rotordynamic analysis support, as follows:
Element support for the gyroscopic effect
Shell element SHELL63 and current-technology shell elements SHELL181 and SHELL281 now generate
the gyroscopic matrix in a stationary reference frame leading to better performances for thin disk ap-
plications.
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
The new general axisymmetric elements SOLID272 and SOLID273 support the gyroscopic effect and
can be used for rotordynamic applications, resulting in better performance for axisymmetric structures.
Pipe elements PIPE288 and PIPE289 support the gyroscopic effect.
A new guide for rotordynamic analysis
The new Rotordynamic Analysis Guide describes how rotordynamic analysis is supported and provides
information to help you solve a wide variety of rotordynamic analysis problems. The guide presents
relevant commands and supported elements, as well as hints and examples for modeling, solving, and
postprocessing your application. The guide is a supplement to the existing rotating structure document-
ation in the Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide and targets specific applications.
Rotating damping
When structural viscous damping (BETAD or MP,DAMP) is present in a rotating structure, it results in
a modification of the apparent stiffness. You can take this effect into account (CORIOLIS,,,,,RotDamp)
for elements supporting the Coriolis effect in a stationary reference frame, and for the COMBI214 element
when its damping characteristics are symmetric and nonzero.
2.1.3.8. Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC)
When you have two results files (*.rst) from two different analyses of the same structure, it is sometimes
useful to compare the solutions. MAC is generally used to compare eigenmode shapes of a structure when
two different designs are being evaluated. The MAC identifies how the mode shapes were altered by a
design change to the structure.
The new postprocessing command RSTMAC can perform such a comparison not only on modal analysis
results files, but also on displacement results coming from transient, static, and harmonic analyses. The
command matches the geometries, calculates the MAC values between the different nodal solutions at
matched nodes, and identifies the best solution matches. The command supports all analysis types.
2.1.3.9. Postprocessing Complex Results
When postprocessing complex results from a harmonic analysis or a complex modal analysis (QRDAMP,
DAMP, or UNSYM eigensolvers), you can retrieve the amplitude or phase of the solution via the SET command.
The HREXP and the HRCPLX commands also provide capabilities for handling complex results values. When
using the HRCPLX command, the solution obtained is now consistent with the ANHARM command animation.
For more information about complex solutions postprocessing, see POST1 and POST26 -- Complex Results
Postprocessing in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.
2.1.4. Materials and Fracture
Release 12.0 includes the following enhancements to materials and fracture technology:
2.1.4.1. Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid Elements
2.1.4.2. Anand Model for Current Element Technologies
2.1.4.3. Extended Drucker-Prager Creep Model
2.1.4.4. Bergstrom-Boyce Model
2.1.4.5. Mullins Effect Model
2.1.4.6. Tool-Narayanaswamy Shift Function with Fictive Temperature
2.1.4.7. Initial State
2.1.4.8. User-Defined Linear Elastic Properties
2.1.4.9. J-Integral Calculation for Thermal Stress and Surface Pressure
2.1.4.10. Stress-Intensity Factors Calculation for Crack Geometries
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2.1.4. Materials and Fracture
Some material properties are not available via the material property menus of the GUI. For a list of such
material properties, see GUI-Inaccessible Material Properties in the Element Reference.
2.1.4.1. Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid Elements
This release includes several new coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid elements. CPT212 is a 2-D four-
node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid, CPT213 is a 2-D eight-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical
solid, and CPT215 is a 3-D eight-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid. CPT216 is higher-order 3-D
20-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid, and CPT217 is a higher-order 3-D 10-node coupled pore-
pressure mechanical solid. The elements apply to the coupled-pore fluid-diffusion and structural analysis of
porous media in which pore fluid flow is assumed to be single-phase and fully saturated. The pore-fluid-
diffusion-structural capability is based on extended Biot consolidation theory.
For more information, see Pore-Fluid-Diffusion-Structural Analysis in the Coupled-Field Analysis Guide, Porous
Media Constants (TB,PM) in the Element Reference, Porous Media Flow in the Theory Reference for the Mech-
anical APDL and Mechanical Applications, and the TB,PM command documentation.
2.1.4.2. Anand Model for Current Element Technologies
The Anand option for modeling viscoplasticity offers a unified plasticity model requiring no combination
with other material models (unlike the Perzyna and Peirce models which require material model combinations).
The rate-dependent material option (TB,RATE) using the Anand model applies to the following elements:
PLANE182 and PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, and SOLSH190.
The new Anand option replaces the functionality of the now undocumented VISCO106, VISCO107, and
VISCO108 elements.
For more information, see Viscoplasticity in the Structural Analysis Guide, Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic)
Materials in the Element Reference, and Rate-Dependent Plasticity in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical
APDL and Mechanical Applications.
2.1.4.3. Extended Drucker-Prager Creep Model
You can now solve Extended Drucker-Prager (EDP) plasticity problems involving the material creep effect.
Use the new capability by issuing the TB,EDP command to define a rate-independent and pressure-dependent
plasticity model, followed by the TB,CREEP command to define creep-rate functions.
The enhanced EDP model supports the following current-technology elements: PLANE182 (except plane
stress), PLANE183 (except plane stress), SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, and SOLSH190.
For more information about how to use the enhanced EDP material model, see the EDP and CREEP arguments
and specifications in the TB command documentation, Extended Drucker-Prager in the Element Reference,
and Extended Drucker-Prager Creep Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical
Applications. For a sample input listing, see EDP and CREEP and PLAS (MISO) Example in the Structural Ana-
lysis Guide.
2.1.4.4. Bergstrom-Boyce Model
The Bergstrom-Boyce material model (TB,BB) is a phenomenological-based, highly nonlinear, rate-dependent
material model for simulation of elastomer materials. The model assumes inelastic response only for shear
distortional behavior defined by an isochoric strain energy potential, while the response to volumetric de-
formations is still purely elastic and characterized by a volumetric strain energy potential.
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The model applies to the following current-technology elements: SHELL181, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185,
SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLSH190, SHELL208, SHELL209, and SHELL281.
For more information, see Bergstrom-Boyce in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical
Applications, Bergstrom-Boyce Material Constants (TB,BB) in the Element Reference, and Bergstrom-Boyce
Hyperviscoelastic Material Model in the Structural Analysis Guide.
2.1.4.5. Mullins Effect Model
A modified Ogden-Roxburgh pseudo-elastic Mullins effect option (TB,CDM,,,,PSE2) is now available for
modeling load-induced changes to constitutive response exhibited by some hyperelastic materials. Typical
of filled polymers, the effect is most evident during cyclic loading where the unloading response is more
compliant than the loading behavior. The condition causes a hysteresis in the stress-strain response and is
a result of irreversible changes in the material.
The Mullins effect option is used with any of the nearly- and fully-incompressible isotropic hyperelastic
constitutive models (all TB,HYPER options with the exception of TBOPT = BLATZ or TBOPT = FOAM) and
modifies the behavior of those models. The model is based on maximum previous load, where the load is
the strain energy of the virgin hyperelastic material. As the maximum previous load increases, changes to
the virgin hyperelastic constitutive model due to the Mullins effect also increase. Below the maximum pre-
vious load, the Mullins effect changes are not evolving; however, the Mullins effect still modifies the hyper-
elastic constitutive response based on the maximum previous load.
The model applies to the following current-technology elements: SHELL181, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185,
SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLSH190, SHELL208, SHELL209, and SHELL281.
For more information, see Mullins Effect in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical
Applications, Mullins Effect Constants (TB,CDM) in the Element Reference, and Mullins Effect Material Model
in the Structural Analysis Guide.
2.1.4.6. Tool-Narayanaswamy Shift Function with Fictive Temperature
The Tool-Narayanaswamy shift function for time-temperature superposition of viscoelastic material properties
now includes the effects of fictive-temperature evolution. The fictive-temperature model simulates material
processes which contain an intrinsic equilibrium temperature that is, in general, different from the ambient
material temperature. It is frequently used to model the melting and solidification process of viscoelastic
materials such as glass and stiff polymers.
The Tool-Narayanaswamy shift function with fictive temperature is used with the viscoelastic constitutive
model and (as with other time-temperature superposition models) is accessed via the TB,SHIFT command.
It is available for all current-technology elements. For more information, see Viscoelastic Material Model in
the Element Reference.
2.1.4.7. Initial State
The term initial state refers to the state of a structure at the start of an analysis. Typically, the assumption is
that the initial state is that of an undeformed, unstressed structure; however, such an assumption is not always
realistic. The initial state capability allows you to define a nontrivial state from which to start an analysis. In
addition to initial stress, you can now define initial strain and initial plastic strain. Initial state support is
available with current-technology elements exclusively. For more information, see Initial State in the Basic
Analysis Guide.
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2.1.4. Materials and Fracture
2.1.4.8. User-Defined Linear Elastic Properties
A new interface is available for defining your own material linear elastic properties (TB,ELASTIC). The subroutine
user_tbelastic allows you to define material linear elastic properties as a function of temperature or
coordinates. The subroutine is called at the material integration points of elements for which the definition
of material elastic properties is a user option. The material properties defined are based on the material co-
ordinate system of the elements. A new USER option on the TB,ELASTIC command accesses the subroutine.
All current-technology elements support the new capability. The new capability is useful for continually
varying material properties (for example, from a third-party injection-mold flow analysis, or for functionally
graded materials). For more information, see the documentation for the user_tbelastic subroutine in
the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features.
2.1.4.9. J-Integral Calculation for Thermal Stress and Surface Pressure
J-integral calculation is now supported for thermal stress and surface pressure acting on crack surfaces (or
on the edges of continuum elements associated with the crack) and the corresponding contours. The thermal
stress and surface pressures are included automatically in the J-integral calculations.
2.1.4.10. Stress-Intensity Factors Calculation for Crack Geometries
A new fracture mechanics tool for evaluating stress-intensity factors (SIF) calculation is now available for
both 2-D and 3-D crack geometries. The approach is based on the interaction integral technique and is easy
to use.
To calculate the SIF, issue the CINT command to specify the calculation type, the crack tip/front node set,
the number of contour integrals to be calculated, the crack plane normal or crack extension direction, and
other information about the crack.
The SIFs calculation feature supports thermal stress and surface pressure acting on the crack faces or edges,
and uses current-technology elements exclusively. The program performs the SIF calculation following a
converged solution substep and saves the results for postprocessing. You can use the PRCINT and PLCINT
commands to list and plot (respectively) in POST1, and the CISOL command to perform time-history processing
in POST26. To access a particular SIF value of a specific crack and contour, issue the *GET command.
2.2. Coupled-Field
ANSYS 12.0 includes the following enhancements in the area of coupled-field analysis:
2.2.1. Multi-field Solver
2.2.2. New Material Properties
2.2.3. Prestress Effects
2.2.1. Multi-field Solver
A new convergence option is available for the Multi-field solver. The command for setting convergence
values (MFCONV) has a new field (MINREF) for specifying a minimum allowed value for the program calcu-
lated reference value. In some analyses, interface loads can be very small (for example, interface loads in
the third direction when a 3-D code is being used to solve a 2-D problem). You can use MINREF to prevent
an analysis from converging on very small quantities. For more information, see Set Up Stagger Solution for
the Multi-field solver single-code (MFS) or Set Up Stagger Solution for the Multi-field solver multiple-code
coupling (MFX) in the Coupled-Field Analysis Guide.
A new command MFRC is added to control file-writing for multiframe restart. Stepped file and maximum
file options are available to limit the number of files written to disk. The MFOUTPUT command is also en-
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hanced to provide improved output file writing options. is also enhanced to provide improved output file
writing options.
2.2.2. New Material Properties
New material-property input options are available for coupled-field elements PLANE223, SOLID226, and
SOLID227. Elastic properties and damping coefficients can be defined as frequency and/or temperature de-
pendent properties for use in full harmonic analyses (TB,ELASTIC and TB,SDAMP). Electric resistivity can be
input for piezoelectric and thermal-piezoelectric analyses (MP,RSVX) (also RSVY and RSVZ). For more inform-
ation see PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 in the Element Reference.
2.2.3. Prestress Effects
Using PLANE223, SOLID226, or SOLID227, you can now include prestress effects in piezoelectric and struc-
tural-thermal analyses. For more information, see Direct Coupled-Field Analysis in the Coupled-Field Analysis
Guide.
2.3. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics
Release 12.0 includes the following new features and enhancements in the area of low-frequency electro-
magnetics:
2.3.1. New 3-D Electromagnetic Elements
2.3.2. Electric Field Analysis
2.3.1. New 3-D Electromagnetic Elements
Two new 3-D electromagnetic elements, SOLID236 and SOLID237, are now available for modeling static,
time-harmonic, and time-transient magnetic fields. Applications of these elements include electric motors,
solenoids, electromagnets, and generators.
SOLID236 is a 20-node solid with 12 magnetic edge-flux degrees of freedom (AZ) associated with the element
midside nodes. The element has a quadratic electric potential behavior in electromagnetic analyses with 20
electric potential degrees of freedom (VOLT) defined at each element node. SOLID236 can be degenerated
into a pyramid, prism, or tetrahedron. SOLID237 is a 10-node tetrahedral-shaped version of SOLID236.
SOLID236 and SOLID237 use a fast new tree-gauging algorithm (GAUGE) to generate a unique magnetic
solution.
In static and transient analyses, the elements have the capability of modeling nonlinear magnetic materials
and permanent magnets. Harmonic electromagnetic analyses include both the eddy currents and the dis-
placement current effects. The true electric potential degree of freedom in electromagnetic analyses allows
for coupling with discrete circuit elements and solid low-frequency electric elements. The elements have
also the legacy option to work with time-integrated electric potential. In addition to magnetic and electric
fields, the elements calculate magnetic forces, Joule heat, and electromagnetic energy.
2.3.2. Electric Field Analysis
A thickness input option is now available for electrostatic element PLANE121 and electric element PLANE230
(KEYOPT(3) = 3). For more information, see PLANE121 and PLANE230 in the Element Reference.
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2.3.2. Electric Field Analysis
2.4. High-Frequency Electromagnetics
Release 12.0 includes the following new features and enhancements in the area of high-frequency electro-
magnetics:
2.4.1. Characteristic Impedance
2.4.2. Impedance Sheet
2.4.3. Material Properties
2.4.4. Harmonic Wave Extraction
2.4.5. Modal Lumped Gap Port
2.4.6. Near and Far Fields
2.4.7. Distributed ANSYS Support for High-Frequency Electromagnetics
2.4.1. Characteristic Impedance
Transmission line characteristic impedance can now be automatically obtained from a 2-D eigenvalue solution
or a 3-D modal port solution. This method is easier than the postprocessing method which requires voltage
and current path definitions. For more information, see Characteristic Impedance in the High-Frequency
Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.
2.4.2. Impedance Sheet
A new surface impedance option is available for very thin conductive layers. You can now specify an imped-
ance sheet using body load or surface load commands (BF, BFA, BFL, SF or SFA). You can also apply a shunt
RCL lumped circuit as an impedance load. For more information, see Surface Impedance and Impedance
Loads in the High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.
2.4.3. Material Properties
New material property options are available for the 3-D high-frequency elements HF119 and HF120 using
the TB command. You can now specify frequency-dependent lossy dielectric properties (TB,HFFDLD) and
anisotropic electric and magnetic loss tangents (TB,LSEM) in a TB table. For more information, see High-
Frequency Electromagnetic Materials, in the Element Reference.
2.4.4. Harmonic Wave Extraction
For periodic structures, specified harmonic components of the reflected and transmitted Floquet wave are
now extractable. For more information, see the HFPORT command in the Command Reference.
2.4.5. Modal Lumped Gap Port
A modal lumped gap port option is now available via the HFPORT command (Porttype = MGAP). This
port is an interior port with an internal matching load, which is similar to a matched voltage source. It differs
from a modal port (Porttype = MODAL) in that the port load consumes the power. For more information,
see Excitation Ports in the High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide.
2.4.6. Near and Far Fields
For near and far fields beyond the FEA computational domain, you can now print or plot the maximum left-
hand and right-hand circularly polarized components and the maximum dominant components for a polarized
aperture with Ludwig's third definition of cross-polarization. The new near field commands PRNEAR and
PLNEAR replace the HFNEAR command and include more options. The new far field commands PRFAR and
PLFAR replace the PRHFFAR and PLHFFAR commands and include more options. For more information, see
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Calculating Near Fields, Far Fields, and Far Field Parameters in the High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis
Guide.
2.4.7. Distributed ANSYS Support for High-Frequency Electromagnetics
Distributed ANSYS now supports high-frequency electromagnetic analysis using first order HF119 and HF120
elements.
2.5. Fluids
Release 12.0 includes the following new enhancement that expands your ability to perform fluid analyses.
2.5.1. Thin Film Analysis
You can now run transient thin film analyses using the 3-D squeeze film element FLUID136. Transient thin
film analyses are necessary when a moving structure makes contact with a fixed surface. To model the
contact more accurately, you can use the new option for the nonlinear Reynolds equation. Applications include
MEMS switches. For more information, see Squeeze Film Analysis in the Fluids Analysis Guide.
2.6. Thermal
The new radiosity command VFSM provides view-factor-scaling controls, and helps to avoid computational
errors that occur when an enclosure's view factor matrix contains row summations that are not equal to
one. Scaling all of the individual factors for each enclosure provides a perfect enclosure summation,
providing accurate temperature-distribution values.
2.7. Solvers
Release 12.0 includes the following new enhancements that improve solution procedures and features.
2.7.1. Supernode (SNODE) Modal Eigensolver
2.7.2. High-Performance Computing
2.7.3. New Performance Guide
2.7.4. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements
2.7.5. Distributed Sparse (DSPARSE) Solver Enhancements
2.7.6. Block Lanczos (LANB) Solver Enhancements
2.7.7. PCG Solver Enhancements
2.7.8. Sparse Solver Enhancements
2.7.9. MPI Software for Distributed ANSYS
2.7.10. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements
2.7.1. Supernode (SNODE) Modal Eigensolver
A new Supernode solver (MODOPT,SNODE) is available for modal analysis. This solver is used to solve for
many modes (up to 10,000) in one solution. It is similar to Block Lanczos (LANB) technology, except that it
runs faster and uses less system I/O when you ask for 200 or more modes. For more information, see Super-
node Method in the Structural Analysis Guide.
2.7.2. High-Performance Computing
In order to fully take advantage of multicore desktop systems, the shared-memory parallel capability has
been extended to include many preprocessing and postprocessing operations, including graphics and other
data and compute-intensive operations.
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2.7.2. High-Performance Computing
In addition, when running Distributed ANSYS on a system that uses a multicore master (or head) node, the
program now uses shared-memory parallel for the non-solution processing operations.
See Using Shared-Memory ANSYS in the Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide for more information.
2.7.3. New Performance Guide
A new document, the ANSYS Performance Guide, is now available as part of the online help. The guide
provides a comprehensive resource for those who wish to understand factors that affect performance on
current computer hardware and push the performance limits of their systems. The guide also includes gen-
eral information on how to measure performance, and an example-driven section showing how to optimize
performance for several analysis types and equation solvers. Windows and UNIX/Linux operating system issues
are covered.
2.7.4. Distributed ANSYS Enhancements
Distributed ANSYS now supports the following capabilities:
High-frequency electromagnetic analysis
New 22x series electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and coupled-field elements (PLANE223, SOLID226, and
SOLID227)
Modal cyclic symmetry analysis
Partial solution (PSOLVE)
Prestress effects (PSTRES)
Mass summary option on the inertia relief command (IRLF,-1)
User-defined element USER300, the UserMat subroutine , and other user-programmable features
In addition, the following enhancements are available for Distributed ANSYS:
Distributed ANSYS now supports using shared memory parallel (SMP) for non-solution processing oper-
ations (preprocessing and postprocessing).
Overall, scalability is increased by 10-20 percent compared to the previous release.
The scalability for global stiffness assembly is enhanced. Individual Jobnamexx.FULL files are generated
instead of one large Jobname.FULL file, as in the previous release.
If the sparse solver (EQSLV,SPARSE) is selected in a Distributed ANSYS run, the distributed sparse solver
(EQSLV,DSPARSE) is used automatically to take full advantage of the distributed solution.
2.7.5. Distributed Sparse (DSPARSE) Solver Enhancements
The following enhancements are available for the distributed sparse (DSPARSE) solver:
The DSPARSE solver now supports unsymmetric real and unsymmetric complex number options.
The phase of equation reordering has been improved to save CPU time.
The DSPARSE solver now supports multiple solves (SOLVE command in the solution processor) for linear
applications without refactoring the matrix.
2.7.6. Block Lanczos (LANB) Solver Enhancements
The following enhancements are available for the Block Lanczos (LANB) solver:
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
The Block Lanczos solver now does less factorization, when possible. This results in speedup of the Block
Lanczos solver in most cases.
The shared memory parallel (SMP) Block Lanczos solver has been improved for better parallel performance.
2.7.7. PCG Solver Enhancements
The PCG memory saving option (MSAVE,ON) can now be used with elements SOLID185, SOLID186, and
SOLID187 when large-deflection effects are included in the analysis (NLGEOM,ON).
2.7.8. Sparse Solver Enhancements
The following enhancements are available for the sparse solver:
The large memory capability, previously activated by -LM on the command line, has been merged into
the standard program; therefore, you no longer need to use the -LM option to access large amounts
of memory. This capability allows you to use several hundred gigabytes of memory with the sparse
solver.
You can now perform a singleframe restart with the sparse solver to avoid refactorization in linear ap-
plications (use the command EQSLV,SPARSE,,,,KEEP followed by KUSE,1).
The sparse solver now supports unsymmetric substructure generation and is the default solver for this
case.
The sparse solver is now more robust and accurate for mixed u-P formulation elements.
The substructure expansion pass now runs faster if the associated generation pass was run using the
sparse solver incore memory mode (BCSOPTION,,INCORE).
2.7.9. MPI Software for Distributed ANSYS
The following changes have been made to MPI software support for Distributed ANSYS:
Distributed ANSYS now supports HP MPI on Windows platforms, including Windows 32-bit and 64-bit
systems.
2.7.10. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements
The following are several solver-related changes and enhancements:
The frontal solver (EQSLV,FRONT) has been undocumented and is no longer available via the GUI.
The subspace eigensolver (buckling and modal analysis) has been undocumented and is no longer
available via the GUI.
The electromagnetic elements CIRCU124 and ROM144 now use the sparse solver by default.
Shared memory processing (NP = 2) is now the default for the solution phase (/SOLU), except for the
assembly loop for element stiffness matrix generation.
Peak memory usage has been reduced by 50 percent for the case of many constraint equations or many
terms in the constraint equation, which are typically generated by remote loads (in ANSYS Workbench),
surface-based constraints, or the RBE3 command.
In the case of a substructure use pass with large substructures (for example, 10,000 or more master
degree of freedom per substructure), peak memory usage in assembly has been reduced up to 50 percent.
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2.7.10. Miscellaneous Solver Changes and Enhancements
2.8. Commands
This section describes changes to commands at Release 12.0.
Some commands are not accessible from menus. The documentation for each command indicates whether
or not a menu path is available for that command operation. For a list of commands not available from
within the GUI, see Menu-Inaccessible Commands in the Command Reference.
2.8.1. New Commands
2.8.2. Modified Commands
2.8.3. Undocumented Commands
2.8.1. New Commands
The following new commands are available in this release:
DDOPTION -- Sets domain decomposer option for Distributed ANSYS.
ELBOW -- Specifies degrees of freedom to be coupled for end release and applies section constraints
to elbow elements.
LPRT -- Defines impedance and calibration lines for excitation eigenfield.
MFRC -- Controls File writing for multiframe restarts for the ANSYS Multi-field solver.
MMASS -- Specifies the missing mass response calculation.
MODCONT -- Create multiple load vectors in a modal analysis.
NAXIS -- Generates nodes for general axisymmetric element sections. The command can also specify
the number of facets per element edge for PowerGraphics displays.
OCDATA -- Defines an ocean environment using non-table data.
OCDELETE -- Deletes all ocean environment data associated with a specified ocean ID number from
the database.
OCLIST -- Summarizes all currently defined ocean environments.
OCTABLE -- Defines an ocean environment using table data.
OCTYPE -- Specifies the type of ocean environment data to follow (basic, current, or wave).
PAUSE -- Temporarily releases the current product license.
PLFAR -- Plots electric far fields and far field parameters.
PLFSS -- Plots reflection and transmission parameters of a frequency selective surface solution.
PLNEAR -- Plots the electric field in the near zone exterior to the equivalent source surface.
PLTLINE -- Plots port transmission line data generated by the HFPCSWP or SPSWP macros.
PRFAR -- Prints electric far fields and far field parameters.
PRNEAR -- Prints the electric field in the near zone exterior to the equivalent source surface.
PSMAT -- Writes an assembled global matrix to a postscript format that graphically displays nonzero
matrix values.
RIGRESP -- Specifies the rigid response calculation.
ROSE -- Specifies the Rosenblueth mode combination method.
RSTMAC -- Calculates the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) and matches nodal solutions from two RST
files.
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SFLEX -- Sets flexibility factors for the currently defined pipe element section.
SNOPTION -- Specifies Supernode (SNODE) eigensolver options.
SOCEAN -- Specifies an ocean environment and associates it with an element section. Ocean loading
applies to the PIPE288 and PIPE289 elements only.
SPFSS -- Performs frequency sweep or angle sweep calculations to determine reflection and transmission
parameters of a frequency selective surface.
SVPLOT -- Displays input spectrum curves.
UNPAUSE -- Restores use of a temporarily released product license. (Applicable only after a previously
issued PAUSE command.)
VFSM -- Scales view factor matrix to yield row sum values equal to one.
2.8.2. Modified Commands
The following commands have been enhanced in this release:
ANHARM -- Produces a time-transient animated sequence of time-harmonic results or complex mode
shapes. A new NPERIOD argument is added to enhance animation for damped eigenmodes.
ANSTOASAS and ANSTOAQWA -- These commands, which provide a way to interface with the ANSYS
ASAS and ANSYS AQWA products, now allow tabular loading and the SURF154 element in order to
support ANSYS Workbench-generated inputs.
BCSOPTION -- Sets memory options for the sparse solver. Three new memory options are available:
MINIMUM, OPTIMAL, and FORCE.
BF -- Defines a nodal body force load. The command has two new high-frequency electromagnetic labels.
The new label CHRGD is available to flag inner conductors for modal port surface characteristic impedance
calculations. The new label IMPD is available to specify surface impedances for very thin conductive
layers. A new label FREQ was added to allow tabular loads to be input as a function of frequency.
BFA -- Defines a body force load on an area. The command has two new high-frequency electromag-
netic labels. The new label CHRGD is available to flag inner conductors for modal port surface charac-
teristic impedance calculations. The new label IMPD is available to specify surface impedances for very
thin conductive layers.
BFE -- Defines an element body force load. You can now specify tabular input when using the current
density (JS) body load label. A new label FREQ was added to allow tabular loads to be input as a function
of frequency.
BFL -- Defines a body force load on a line. The command has two new high-frequency electromagnetic
labels. The new label CHRGD is available to flag inner conductors for modal port surface characteristic
impedance calculations. The new label IMPD is available to specify surface impedances for very thin
conductive layers.
CAMPBELL -- Prepares the results file for a subsequent Campbell diagram of a prestressed structure.
The number of modal analyses to perform (specified via the new NSOLVE argument) is now required,
and that number must match the number of static analyses.
CNCHECK -- Provides and/or adjusts the initial status of contact pairs. New TRIM and UNSE options on
this command allow you to remove or unselect contact and target elements which are initially in far
field. In addition, the new AUTO option automatically sets certain key options and real constants to
optimized values to improve convergence for nonlinear contact analysis.
CNVTOL -- Sets convergence values for nonlinear analyses. The command now offers support for hydro-
static pressure (specified via the new HDSP convergence label).
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2.8.2. Modified Commands
CORIOLIS -- Applies the Coriolis effect to a rotating structure. A new RotDamp argument is added to
control the activation of the rotating damping effect. Additionally, many new technology elements are
added to the list of applicable elements, and their listings have been reorganized to provide more efficient
and intuitive access.
CYCOPT -- Specifies solution options for a cyclic symmetry analysis. Cyclic symmetry sector array para-
meters can be reused or created new using the BCMULT argument. The new FACETOL argument
provides greater flexibility when odd-shaped sectors are considered. The new VTSOL argument allows
users with a High Performance Computing License to employ Variational Technology (VT) to accelerate
your cyclic symmetry analysis.
D -- Defines degree-of-freedom constraints at nodes. The command now offers a new HDSP (hydrostatic
pressure) degree-of-freedom option for structural analyses, as well as support for ELBOW290 cross-section
degrees of freedom.
*DIM -- Defines an array parameter and its dimensions. The frequency label was added, allowing fre-
quency loads to be input in tabular format.
DSPOPTION -- Sets memory options for the distributed sparse (DSPARSE) solver. The format of this
command has been changed to make it similar to the BCSOPTION command. DSPOPTION now has
Memory_Size and Solve_Info fields that allow you to allocate initial memory and request additional
output. It also includes a new Reord_Option field that allows you to specify a parallel equation re-
ordering scheme within the DSPARSE solver. This option can often help the DSPARSE solver achieve
greater scalability by performing a key solver step in parallel.
EQSLV -- Specifies the type of equation solver. The new KeepFile field allows you to specify whether
certain files from a sparse solver run are deleted or retained for use in a subsequent singleframe restart.
EREINF -- Generates reinforcing elements from selected existing (base) elements. The command now
supports discrete reinforcing elements (REINF264).
ESURF -- Generates elements overlaid on the faces of existing elements. New Shape = LINE and POINT
options are available to specify line (or parabolic) and point target segments when generating TARGE169
or TARGE170 elements.
FC -- Provides failure criteria information and activates a data table to input temperature-dependent
stress and strain limits. The maximum number of different materials for which you can define failure
criteria has been increased from 10 to 250.
FCDELE -- Deletes previously defined failure criterion data for a given material. A new ALL argument is
available for deleting all FC command input for all materials.
GAUGE -- This command gauges the problem domain for a magnetic edge-element formulation. The
command now uses a fast new algorithm and offers more gauging options.
*GET -- Retrieves a value and stores it as a scalar parameter or part of an array parameter. For all solution
items except PFACT and MCOEF, the maximum number of returned corresponding to significant modes
has increased from 1000 to 10000. For Entity = MODE, the ability to handle complex numbers is en-
hanced for mode participation factors.
/GRAPHICS -- Defines the type of graphics display as Full or PowerGraphics. PowerGraphics now supports
results in the solution coordinate system (RSYS,SOLU).
HFPCSWP -- Calculates propagating constants and characteristic impedance of a transmission line or
waveguide over a frequency range. The command now supports characteristic impedance solutions for
2-D models using HF118 elements.
HFPORT -- Specifies input data for waveguide, plane wave, lumped gap, modal, and modal lumped
gap ports. The command now supports modal port surface characteristic impedance calculations
(Porttype = MODAL). This command now also supports extraction of harmonic wave components of
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
a frequency selective surface (Porttype = PLAN). A modal lumped gap port option is also now available
(Porttype = MGAP).
HRCPLX -- Computes and stores in the database the time-harmonic solution at a prescribed phase
angle. The command is now based on the same algorithm as the ANHARM command to combine the
real and imaginary parts of the solution. As a result, the combined solution is equal to the imaginary
solution for OMEGAT = -90 degrees.
LAYER -- Specifies an element layer for which to process data. The command now supports the REINF264
discrete reinforcing element and the ELBOW290 elbow element.
LVSCALE -- Scales the load vector for mode superposition analyses. A new MDSTEP argument is added
to specify the load step for MSUP transient or harmonic analyses.
MDAMP -- Defines the damping ratios as a function of mode. The maximum number of additional
constants that can be used has been increased from 1000 to 10000.
MFCONV -- Sets convergence values for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis. A new field (MINREF) is
available to specify a minimum allowed value for the program calculated reference value.
MODOPT -- Specifies modal analysis options. A new Method = SNODE option is available for the new
Supernode modal solver. In addition, a new BlockSize field allows you to specify the block vector
size to be used with the Block Lanczos solver.
NSOL -- Specifies nodal data to be stored from the results file. A new SECTOR argument is added to
designate the sector number where NODE results are stored for the cyclic symmetry solution.
PRCAMP -- Prints Campbell diagram data for applications involving rotating-structure dynamics. You
can now specify that all frequencies from your Campbell analysis are printed out via the new KeyALL-
Freq argument.
PRED -- Activates a predictor in a nonlinear analysis. Prediction is now on by default when rotational
degrees of freedom are present in an analysis. (Previously, it was off under this condition). This applies
to elements SHELL181, SHELL281, BEAM188, BEAM189, PIPE288, PIPE289, and ELBOW290.
PRESOL -- Prints the solution results for elements. The command now prints the section nodal and
section integration point results for the BEAM188, BEAM189, PIPE288, PIPE289, and ELBOW290 elements,
assuming the functions of the now-undocumented PRSSOL command.
PSCONTROL -- Turns shared memory operation on or off during solution. This command now supports
additional controls to turn parallel processing on or off for the preprocessing, solution, and postprocessing
phases of an analysis (Option = PREP, SOLU, POST, or ALL)
PSOLVE -- Directs the program to perform a partial solution. The command has a new Rkey field that
provides a way to write initial contact configuration results to the results file when a partial element
solution is performed. The Rkey option is useful in a brake squeal analysis. In addition, the Lab field
on this command has a new EIGSNODE label to support a partial solution using the new Supernode
solver.
RATE -- Specifies whether the effect of creep strain rate is used in the solution of a load step. The
command has new options for specifying the number of temperatures for which data will be provided,
and for setting the number of data points to be specified for a given temperature.
REMESH -- Specifies the starting and ending remeshing points, and other options, for manual rezoning.
The command has new options allowing you to perform mesh splitting (SPLIT) and to read in a generic
new mesh (READ).
RESVEC -- Calculates or includes residual vectors. The command now supports spectrum analyses.
SECCONTROLS -- Overrides program-calculated properties. The command now supports pipes.
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2.8.2. Modified Commands
SECDATA -- Describes the geometry of a section. The command now supports discrete reinforcing
sections, pipe sections, and general axisymmetric sections.
SECFUNCTION -- Specifies shell section thickness as a tabular function. The tabular function evaluation
now supports local coordinate systems in addition to the global XYZ coordinates.
SECJOINT -- Defines data for joint elements. A new option (Kywrd = GEOM) allows input of geometric
quantities required when defining Coulomb friction for certain joint elements.
SECOFFSET -- Defines the section offset for cross sections. The command now supports pipes.
SECPLOT -- Plots the geometry of a beam, shell, or reinforcing section to scale. The command now
supports pipes and includes more mesh display options for beams and pipes.
SECTYPE -- Associates section type information with a section ID number. The command now supports
discrete reinforcing sections, pipe sections, and general axisymmetric sections.
SF -- Specifies surface loads on nodes. A new high-frequency electromagnetic label IMPD is available
to specify surface impedances for very thin conductive layers. A new label FREQ was added to allow
tabular loads to be input as a function of frequency.
SFA -- Specifies surface loads on the selected areas. A new high-frequency electromagnetic label IMPD
is available to specify surface impedances for very thin conductive layers.
SFE -- Specifies surface loads on elements. The command now supports fluid pressure penetration loads
(Lab = PRES) at contact interfaces. A new label FREQ was added to allow tabular loads to be input as
a function of frequency.
SPARM -- Calculates parameters between ports of a network system. Reflection coefficient and voltage
standing wave ratio are now available as an output option.
SPSCAN -- Performs a harmonic analysis of a unit cell over a range of angles and extracts the S-para-
meter. New options are available for specifying a solver, convergence criteria, and S-parameter output
format.
SPSWP -- Computes S-parameters over a frequency range and writes them to a file. A new option is
available for specifying S-parameter output format.
TB -- Activates a data table for nonlinear material properties or special element input. The command
now supports the Bergstrom-Boyce material model (Lab = BB), the Extended Drucker-Prager material
model (Lab = EDP), the Mullins Effect material model (Lab = CDM), and the existing Anand material
model as a new rate-dependent viscoplasticity option (TBOPT = ANAND). (The Lab = ANAND argument
has been removed.) The command also supports the new user-defined friction option (TBOPT = USER)
for contact analysis. New options are available to specify frequency-dependent lossy dielectric properties
(TB,HFFDLD) and anisotropic electric and magnetic loss tangents (TB,LSEM) in high-frequency analyses
(using elements HF119 or HF119). New options are also available for specifying elastic properties
(TB,ELASTIC) and structural damping (TB,SDAMP) in coupled-field analyses using elements PLANE223,
SOLID226, or SOLID227. New joint element material options (TB,JOIN) are available to define Coulomb
friction for several joint elements. A new FuncName field allows input of a function to describe nonlinear
stiffness or damping behavior of joint elements (TB,JOIN,,,,,,FuncName).
TBFIELD -- Defines values of field variables for the material data tables. The command now supports
five new field variables for use with field dependent friction. The new variables are time, normal pressure,
algebraic sliding distance, absolute sliding distance, and sliding velocity.
TSHAP -- Defines geometric surfaces for target segment elements. A new Shape = POINT option is
available for generating point target segments (TARGE169 and TARGE170).
VTMP -- Defines a material property as an input variable for DesignXplorer. Support for thermal expansion
capability is now available via a Lab input value.
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2.8.3. Undocumented Commands
The following commands have been undocumented at this release:
HFNEAR
HFSWEEP
ISFILE
ISTRESS
ISWRITE
PLHFFAR
PRHFFAR
PRSSOL
REFLCOEF
SUBOPT
VFCALC
The functionality of the HFNEAR command is available via the new high-frequency near field commands
PRNEAR and PLNEAR . The functionality of the PRHFFAR and PLHFFAR commands is available via the new
high-frequency far field commands PRFAR and PLFAR .
Instead of the HFSWEEP command, for a high-frequency harmonic analysis over a frequency range, you can
use the PLSYZ command to calculate return loss, insertion loss, isolation loss and voltage standing wave
ratio after you obtain the S-parameters in Touchstone format with the SPSWP command.
The functionality of the ISTRESS, ISWRITE, and ISFILE commands is available via the INISTATE command. To
use initial state conditions, consider using a current element technology. For more information, see Legacy
vs. Current Element Technologies in the Element Reference. For more information about setting initial state
values, see the INISTATE command documentation and Initial State in the Basic Analysis Guide.
The functionality of the PRSSOL command has been assumed by the updated PRESOL command.
Instead of the REFLCOEF command, you can use the SPARM command to calculate reflection coefficient
and voltage standing wave ratio.
The functionality of the VFCALC command has been assumed by the VFOPTcommand. Issue a VFOPT,NEW
command to compute view factors and write them to a file.
For information about other commands that have been undocumented in prior releases, see the archived
release notes on the ANSYS Customer Portal.
2.9. Elements
This section describes changes to elements at Release 12.0.
Some elements are not available from within the GUI. For a list of those elements, see GUI-Inaccessible Ele-
ments in the Element Reference.
2.9.1. New Elements
2.9.2. Modified Elements
2.9.3. Undocumented Elements
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2.9. Elements
2.9.1. New Elements
The following new elements are available in this release:
MPC184-Screw -- The screw joint element is a two-node element that allows a relative rotation around
the screw axis as well as a relative displacement along the axis of the screw, similar to the cylindrical
joint. The pitch of the screw relates the relative rotation angle (around the cylindrical or screw axis) to
the relative displacement along the axis of the screw.
CPT212 -- This 2-D four-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid element has bilinear displacement
behavior. The element has four nodes with three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the
nodal x and y directions, and one pore-pressure degree of freedom at each node.
CPT213 -- This 2-D eight-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid has quadratic displacement be-
havior. The element has eight nodes with two degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the
nodal x and y directions, and one pore-pressure degree of freedom at each corner node.
CPT215 -- This 3-D eight-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid has eight nodes with three degrees
of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions, and one pore-pressure degree
at each corner node.
CPT216 -- This 3-D 20-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid is a higher-order version of CPT215.
CPT217 -- This 3-D 10-node coupled pore-pressure mechanical solid is a higher-order version of CPT213.
SOLID236 -- This 3-D 20-node electromagnetic solid is applicable to low-frequency magnetic field analyses:
static, time-harmonic and time-transient. The element has 12 magnetic edge-flux degrees of freedom
(AZ) associated with the midside nodes and 20 electric potential degrees of freedom (VOLT) at each
element node. It can be degenerated into a pyramid, prism, or tetrahedron.
SOLID237 -- This 3-D 10-node electromagnetic solid is a tetrahedral-shaped version of SOLID236.
REINF264 -- Use this discrete reinforcing element with standard 3-D solid and shell elements (referred
to as the base elements) to provide extra reinforcing to those elements. The element is suitable for
simulating reinforcing fibers with arbitrary orientations.
SOLID272 -- Use this general axisymmetric solid element to model axisymmetric solid structures. It is
defined by four nodes on the master plane, and nodes created based on the circumferential direction
of the four nodes. The total number of nodes depends on the number of node planes (KEYOPT(2)). Each
node has three degrees of freedom: translations in the nodal x, y and z directions. The element allows
a triangle as the shape on the base plane to simulate irregular areas. The element has plasticity, hyper-
elasticity, stress-stiffening, large-deflection, and large-strain capabilities. It also has mixed-formulation
capability for simulating deformations of nearly incompressible elastoplastic materials, and fully incom-
pressible hyperelastic materials.
SOLID273 -- Use this general axisymmetric solid element to model axisymmetric solid structures. The
element has quadratic displacement behavior on the master plane and is well suited to modeling irreg-
ular meshes on the master plane. It is defined by eight nodes on the master plane, and nodes created
based on the circumferential direction of the four nodes. The total number of nodes depends on the
number of node planes (KEYOPT(2)). Each node has three degrees of freedom: translations in the nodal
x, y and z directions. The element allows a triangle as the shape on the base plane to simulate irregular
areas. The element has plasticity, hyperelasticity, stress-stiffening, large-deflection, and large-strain
capabilities. It also has mixed-formulation capability for simulating deformations of nearly incompressible
elastoplastic materials, and fully incompressible hyperelastic materials.
SOLID285 -- This lower-order 3-D, four-node mixed u-P element has a linear displacement and hydro-
static pressure behavior. The element is suitable for modeling irregular meshes and general materials
(including incompressible materials).
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PIPE288 -- This 3-D linear (two-node) finite strain pipe element is suitable for analyzing slender to
moderately stubby/thick pipe structures. Internal fluid and external insulation are supported. Added
mass, hydraulic added mass, and hydrodynamic and buoyant loading, are available via the new ocean
family of commands.
PIPE289 -- This 3-D quadratic (three-node) finite strain pipe element is suitable for analyzing slender to
moderately stubby/thick pipe structures. Internal fluid and external insulation are supported. Added
mass, hydraulic added mass, and hydrodynamic and buoyant loading, are available via the new ocean
family of commands.
ELBOW290 -- This 3-D quadratic finite strain pipe is suitable for analyzing pipe structures with an initially
circular cross-section and a thin to moderately thick pipe wall. The element accounts for cross-section
distortion, which can be commonly observed in curved pipe structures under loading.
2.9.2. Modified Elements
The following elements have been enhanced in this release:
COMBIN14 -- This spring-damper element now supports a preload defined via an initial length (real
constant ILENGTH) or an initial force (real constant IFORCE) input. This preload is applicable to 2-D and
3-D springs only.
HF119 and HF120 -- New material property options are available for these high-frequency elements
using the TB command. You can now specify frequency-dependent lossy dielectric properties (TB,HFFDLD)
and anisotropic electric and magnetic loss tangents (TB,LSEM) in a TB table.
PLANE121 and PLANE230 -- A thickness input option (KEYOPT(3) =3) is now available for these electro-
static solid and electric solid elements.
TARGE169 and TARGE170 -- These target elements now support a new POINT target segment. This
segment type can be defined on a rigid body where no predefined node exists and can be used to
apply boundary conditions (point loads, displacement constraints, etc.) at that point. In addition, you
can now use the KEYOPT(2) = 1 setting to apply boundary conditions on any rigid target nodes rather
than only on the pilot node.
TARGE169, TARGE170, CONTA171, CONTA172, CONTA173, CONTA174 -- These contact and target elements
now support a fluid pressure penetration load that models surrounding fluid or air penetrating into the
contact interface. The load is applied via the SFE command. Additional input is supplied via the new
KEYOPT(14) and two new real constants on the contact elements. KEYOPT(14) controls how the load is
applied, and real constants PPCN and FPAT specify a pressure penetration criterion and a fluid penetration
acting time.
TARGE170 -- This target element has a new option for shell-solid assemblies (KEYOPT(5) = 5) that improves
the stress distribution at the shell-solid interface for this assembly type.
CONTA171, CONTA172, CONTA173, CONTA174, CONTA175, CONTA176, CONTA177, and CONTA178 --
These contact elements now support user-defined friction via the userfric subroutine.
LINK180 This 3-D spar element now supports tension-only (cable) and compression-only (gap) options
(specified via the third real constant). The element also offers new options (via KEYOPT(15)) for specifying
the results file output; you can store averaged results at each section corner node (the default behavior),
or you can store non-averaged results at each section integration point.
SHELL181, SHELL208, SHELL209, and SHELL281-- These structural and axisymmetric shell elements have
a new nonlinear thickness-update algorithm that accounts for actual material properties. This option
also improves convergence in general. You also have the option of using the legacy algorithm for
thickness updating, which is based on preserving the element volume.
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2.9.2. Modified Elements
MPC184 -- The hysteretic friction capability for MPC184 joint elements has been removed in lieu of the
Coulomb friction model.
BEAM188 -- This 3-D two-node beam element is used for analyzing slender to moderately stubby/thick
beam structures. The element offers a new cubic option (KEYOPT(3) = 3) that uses cubic shape functions
for all displacement and rotation degrees of freedom, and is capable of representing quadratically
varying bending moments accurately. It offers superior accuracy over the linear (KEYOPT(3) = 0) or the
quadratic (KEYOPT(3) = 2) options, particularly when higher-order element interpolations are desired.
The element also offers new options (via KEYOPT(15)) for specifying the results file output; you can store
averaged results at each section corner node (the default behavior), or you can store non-averaged
results at each section-integration point.
BEAM189 -- This 3-D three-node beam element is also used for analyzing slender to moderately
stubby/thick beam structures. The element now offers options (via KEYOPT(15)) for specifying the results
file output. You can store averaged results at each section corner node (the default behavior), or you
can store non-averaged results at each section integration point.
INTER192, INTER193, INTER194, INTER195 Now by default, these elements are capable of both through-
thickness and transverse-shear deformations (KEYOPT(2) = 1). Also by default, INTER193 and INTER194
adopt a full integration scheme (KEYOPT(4) = 2). The full-integration scheme and the inclusion of
transverse-shear stiffness are generally required when the interfaces between the gasket and the mating
parts are modeled as sliding contact.
PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 -- New material property options are available for these coupled-
field elements using the TB and MP commands. Elastic properties (TB,ELASTIC) and structural damping
(TB,SDAMP) are available for analyses with structural degrees of freedom. Electrical resistivities (MP,RSVX
) (also RSVY and RSVZ) are available for piezoelectric and thermal-piezoelectric analyses. These coupled-
field elements now also support prestress effects in piezoelectric and structural-thermal analyses..
SHELL281 -- This eight-node shell element now offers an improved shell-formulation, activated via
KEYOPT(2) = 1). Use this option for curved shell simulation, especially when thickness strain is significant
or when material anisotropy in the thickness direction cannot be ignored.
2.9.3. Undocumented Elements
Several legacy elements are now undocumented. Their functionality has been assumed by current-technology
elements, as follows:
Suggested Current-Technology Element Undocumented Legacy Element
SHELL181 SHELL43
SOLID185 (KEYOPT(3) = 1), or SOLSH190 SOLID46
PLANE183 VISCO88
SOLID186 VISCO89
SHELL281
SHELL91
SHELL93
SHELL99
PLANE182 VISCO106
SOLID185 VISCO107
PLANE183 VISCO108
SOLID186 (KEYOPT(3) = 1) SOLID191
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
For information about other elements that have been undocumented in prior releases, see the archived release
notes on the ANSYS Customer Portal.
2.10. Other Enhancements
This section contains information about enhancements not listed elsewhere in this document.
2.10.1. Migrating to Current-Technology Elements
The documentation section entitled Legacy vs. Current Element Technologies in the Element Reference has
been updated in an ongoing effort to help you migrate to current element types.
2.10.2. Documentation Updates for Programmers
Release 12.0 includes the following documentation updates for programmers:
2.10.2.1. Online Availability
2.10.2.2. The UserMat Subroutine
2.10.2.3. Routines and Functions Updated
2.10.2.4. Routines and Functions Added
2.10.2.5. Routines and Functions Removed
2.10.2.1. Online Availability
The Programmer's Manual for ANSYS is available online for the first time in this release.
2.10.2.2. The UserMat Subroutine
The UserMat subroutine documentation has been updated and expanded. UserMat allows you to write
your own material constitutive equations within a general material framework using current-technology
elements. For more information, see User-Defined Material Model in the Structural Analysis Guide, User-Defined
Material Constants in the Element Reference, and Subroutine UserMat (Creating Your Own Material Model)
in the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features.
2.10.2.3. Routines and Functions Updated
All routines and functions documented in theProgrammer's Manual for ANSYS have been updated to reflect
the current source code. To see specific changes in a file, ANSYS, Inc. recommends opening both the old
and current files (using a text editor that displays line numbers), then comparing the two to determine which
lines have changed. You can copy the updated files to your system by performing a custom installation of
the product.
2.10.2.4. Routines and Functions Added
The following routines and functions have been added to the Programmer's Manual for ANSYS:
Under Subroutines for Customizing Material Behavior:
Subroutine user_tbelastic
Subroutine userfric
Under Subroutines for Customizing Loads:
Subroutine userPartVelAcc
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2.10.2. Documentation Updates for Programmers
This subroutine computes particle velocities and accelerations, and is intended primarily for inputting
your own wave and current information.
Under Vector Functions:
Function vidot
Under Matrix Subroutines:
Subroutine matba
2.10.2.5. Routines and Functions Removed
The following routines and functions have been removed from the Programmer's Manual for ANSYS:
Under Subroutines for Modifying and Monitoring Existing Elements:
Subroutine usanly
Subroutine ustress
Under Subroutines for Customizing Material Behavior:
Subroutine uservp
Subroutine usermc
Subroutine userfc
Subroutine usrfc1
Subroutine usrfc2
Subroutine usrfc3
Subroutine usrfc4
Subroutine usrfc5
Subroutine usrfc6
2.10.3. Substructuring Analysis Use Pass
The memory required during the element matrix assembly process has been reduced. The enhancement
applies to the use pass of a substructuring analysis (an analysis using superelements).
2.10.4. Predictor Enhancements
In a nonlinear analysis, the prediction feature is now on by default for elements that include rotational degrees
of freedom (SHELL181, SHELL281, BEAM188, BEAM189, PIPE288, PIPE289, and ELBOW290). See the PRED
command for more information.
2.10.5. PowerGraphics
PowerGraphics (/GRAPHICS) now supports results in the solution coordinate system (RSYS, SOLU).
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
2.10.6. ANSYS DesignXplorer
A thermal expansion capability has been added as an input variable to DesignXplorer. The capability is re-
flected in the VTMP command via a new Lab value.
2.10.7. File Splitting
The default file split size (/CONFIG,FSPLIT) has been increased from 128 GB to over 2000 GB (2 TB).
2.10.8. ANSYS LS-DYNA
The Drop Test Module (DTM) is no longer an add-on feature for ANSYS LS-DYNA. At Release 12.0, the
DTM is included in all applicable products. Consequently, the -dtm command line argument is no longer
valid. If used, the program interprets -dtm as a parameter.
You are now able to combine ANSYS and LS-DYNA via the -dyn command option for ANSYS Structural
and higher license levels that do not have LS-DYNA enabled. See Starting ANSYS LS-DYNA in the ANSYS
LS-DYNA User's Guide for more information.
2.10.9. APDL
The number of parameters (including arrays and tables) is no longer limited to 5,000. You can now define
an unlimited number of parameters.
2.11. Known Incompatibilities
The following incompatibilities with prior releases of are known to exist at Release 12.0.
2.11.1. Results File Format Change
2.11.2. Scale Factors for Load Case Operations
2.11.3. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell Elements
2.11.4. Contact Normal Stiffness and Plasticity
2.11.5. Anand Material Model (TB Command)
2.11.6. Campbell Analysis of a Prestressed Structure
2.11.7. Computing a Time-Harmonic Solution at a Prescribed Phase Angle
2.11.8. Sparse Solver in Distributed ANSYS
2.11.9. Memory Options for the Distributed Sparse Solver
2.11.10. Writing and Reading Geometry and Load Database Items
2.11.1. Results File Format Change
The results file now contains two records instead of a single record for specified boundary conditions (con-
straints and forces). The two records contain the node number and the degree-of-freedom index separately
instead of packing this data into a single record (as done previously) for each boundary condition type. Refer
to the DIX/FIX records in the results file format shown in the Guide to Interfacing with ANSYS.
2.11.2. Scale Factors for Load Case Operations
The LCFACT command now defaults to a scaling factor of 1.0 only when the FACT argument is left blank.
A value of zero no longer yields the default (1.0) and instead is interpreted as FACT = 0.0.
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2.11.2. Scale Factors for Load Case Operations
2.11.3. Lumped Matrix Formulation with Beam, Pipe, or Shell Elements
To ensure frame-invariancy when using the lumped matrix formulation (LUMPM,ON) with element types
BEAM188, BEAM189, PIPE288, PIPE289, SHELL181, and SHELL281, the mass inertia contributions to rotational
degrees of freedom are ignored. This change may affect the accuracy by a small amount in most cases. If
you must account for dynamic torsional effects for beams or pipes in your analysis, avoid using the LUMPM,ON
command.
2.11.4. Contact Normal Stiffness and Plasticity
The default contact normal stiffness for elements CONTA171 to CONTA177 is no longer reduced by a factor
of 100 when plasticity is present in a contact analysis. Models that include contact and plasticity may
therefore behave differently. In general, this change results in less penetration in the contact interfaces;
however, more iterations may be necessary to achieve convergence (than were necessary in the previous
release).
2.11.5. Anand Material Model (TB Command)
The Lab = ANAND argument for specifying the Anand material model on the TB command has been undoc-
umented. Instead, an Anand material option is available as a new rate-dependent viscoplasticity option
(TBOPT = ANAND) via the TB,RATE command.
2.11.6. Campbell Analysis of a Prestressed Structure
When performing a Campbell analysis (PLCAMP or PRCAMP) of a prestressed structure, the number of
modal analyses to perform is now required input, and that number must match the number of static analyses.
The CAMPBELL command's new NSOLVE argument specifies the number of modal analyses (CAMP-
BELL,ON,NSOLVE).
2.11.7. Computing a Time-Harmonic Solution at a Prescribed Phase Angle
The HRCPLX command is now based on the same algorithm as the ANHARM command to combine the
real and imaginary parts of the solution. As a result, the combined solution is equal to the imaginary solution
for OMEGAT = -90 degrees. For more information about complex solutions postprocessing, see POST1 and
POST26 -- Complex Results Postprocessing in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical
Applications.
2.11.8. Sparse Solver in Distributed ANSYS
The sparse direct equation solver (EQSLV,SPARSE) is no longer valid in a Distributed ANSYS run. If the sparse
solver is selected, the distributed sparse solver (EQSLV,DSPARSE) is used automatically.
2.11.9. Memory Options for the Distributed Sparse Solver
The DSPOPTION command, which sets memory options for the distributed sparse solver, has a modified
structure and several new options. In the prior release, DSPOPTION,INCORE was the only valid option; in
this release, the same option is input as DSPOPTION,,INCORE. Although the command attempts to trap in-
correct input and modify it to accommodate the new input method, ANSYS, Inc. recommends reviewing
any existing input files that may issue this command and adjust the command string accordingly.
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Chapter 2: Mechanical APDL (Formerly ANSYS)
2.11.10. Writing and Reading Geometry and Load Database Items
The accuracy of nodal coordinates and Euler angles in the .cdb file generated via the CDWRITE command
has been increased. The enhancement necessitated a slight format change to the .cdb file. Although the
.cdb files are forward- and backward-compatible between this release and the prior release, some third-
party applications may encounter difficulty when reading the ANSYS-generated .cdb file.
2.12. The ANSYS Customer Portal
If you have a password to the ANSYS Customer Portal (http://www.ansys.com/customerportal), you can view
Readme files and late documentation changes by entering the customer portal and following these steps
after logging in:
1. Click on Product Information in the menu to the left of the screen.
Result: A submenu appears.
2. Click on Product Documentation from the submenu.
Result: The ANSYS documentation set list appears.
3. Click on the Readme files and late document changes link.
The portal is also your source for ANSYS, Inc. software downloads, service packs, product information (including
example applications, current and archived documentation, undocumented commands, and product previews),
and online support.
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2.12. The ANSYS Customer Portal
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
38
Chapter 3: ANSYS Workbench
3.1. Advisories
Virus Scanning Products
The ANSYS Workbench uses scripting languages to display information in the user interface. These scripting
languages when used in World Wide Web pages are susceptible to viruses. Many virus scanning products
will install a proxy to verify that scripts on a web page do not contain a virus. Some virus scanning products
may leak excessive amounts of memory when running the ANSYS Workbench product. Check your specific
products support pages to see if a memory leak has been reported and the solution for it.
3.2. ANSYS Workbench 12.0
Release 12.0 introduces a next generation framework, which leverages the strength of ANSYS core applications,
solvers, and associated tools with a new workflow and simulation project management capability. ANSYS
Workbench Release 12.0 builds upon the proven strengths of its predecessor with its bidirectional CAD
connectivity, pervasive parameterization, and feature-based, persistent modeling environment.
The New ANSYS Workbench Project Window An innovative project schematic view changes the way
engineers work with simulation. The project window is divided into two primary areas: the Toolbox along
the left side of the interface contains the systems used to build up the project. The Project Schematic to the
right is the project workspace. Projects are represented in the Project Schematic as connected systems in
flowchart form to allow engineering intent, data relationships, and the state of the analysis project to be
understood at a glance.
Working with the new project system is straightforward. Drag the desired analysis type from the Toolbox
and drop it into the Project Schematic. Complete analysis systems contain all the necessary components,
helping to guide you through the analysis process, working through the system from top to bottom and
right to left. The entire process is persistent. You can make changes to any portion of the project, click on
Update Project, and ANSYS Workbench will manage the execution of the required applications to update
the project automatically, dramatically reducing the cost of performing design iterations.
Drag-and Drop Multiphysics Building up more complex coupled analyses involving multiple physics is
as easy as dragging a follow-on analysis and dropping it onto the source analysis. Required data transfer
connections are formed automatically, and transferred loads automatically show up in the physics setup for
the downstream system.
Flexible Project Construction Complete Analysis Systems templates are convenient because they contain
all the necessary tasks or components to complete a start-to-finish simulation of a particular physics, but
the Project Schematic has been designed to be flexible. You can also use Component Systems, which are
generally more task-oriented building block systems that can be connected to best suit your analysis intent.
Save and Reuse Complex Workflows Once the project structure and data relationships have been defined,
you can save these simulation workflows to the Toolbox for later reuse.
For more information on using ANSYS Workbench, see Getting Started in ANSYS Workbench.
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Project Level Parameter Management As always, the applications hosted in ANSYS Workbench support
parametric variations, including CAD parameters, material properties, boundary conditions, and derived
result parameters. Parameters defined within the applications are managed from the project window, making
it easy to investigate multiple variations of the analysis. From within the project window, a series of design
points can be built up in tabular form and executed to complete a what-if study with a single operation.
For more information on using parameters and design points in ANSYS Workbench, see Working with Para-
meters and Design Points.
Automated Design Exploration To fully leverage the power of parametric analysis, Design Exploration
can be used with the parameter set to drive design of experiments, goal driven optimization, min/max
search, or even perform six sigma analyses to investigate design robustness. All of this power is available
across all applications, all physics, and all solvers available within ANSYS Workbench (including Mechanical
APDL).
For more information on Design Exploration in ANSYS Workbench, see Design Exploration Help.
ANSYS Workbench Capabilities The breadth of capabilities hosted in the ANSYS Workbench environment
at Release 12.0 is unprecedented and includes:
Common tools
ANSYS CAD Connections
ANSYS DesignModeler
ANSYS Meshing
Design Exploration
FE Modeler
Fluid Dynamics
ANSYS CFX
CFX-Pre
CFX-Solver Manager
FLUENT
CFD-POST
ANSYS Multiphysics
Structural Mechanics
ANSYS Mechanical (formerly ANSYS Simulation)
ANSYS Mechanical APDL (formerly ANSYS)
Explicit Dynamics
ANSYS Explicit
ANSYS AUTODYN
ANSYS LS-DYNA (setup-only in Workbench)
Electromagnetics
ANSYS Emag
Turbo Systems
BladeGen
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BladeModeler (within DesignModeler)
TurboGrid
Vista TF
3.3. DesignModeler Release Notes
Release 12 includes significant improvements with new features, enhancements to existing features, and
bug fixes. Feature based parametric geometry modeling tools in ANSYS DesignModeler are greatly expanded
to include several new time-saving tools for fluid and mechanical analyses. Analysis specific tools within
DesignModeler now include an automated option to extract flow volume for CFD analysis. Several new
features are available for improved beam modeling, including, user-defined offsets, user-defined cross sections,
and additional options for orientation controls. Shell modeling is also enhanced in several ways, including
improved surface extensions. In addition, Merge, Connect, and Project features have been added for improved
Surface modeling.
Automated cleanup and repair of imported geometries is another focus area for this release. A set of new
tools are available to automatically detect and fix typical problems such as small edges, sliver faces, holes,
seams, and faces with sharp angles. Geometry interfaces are further enhanced to support import of more
information from CAD systems. This includes new data types, such as line bodies for modeling beams, addi-
tional attributes including coordinate systems and work points, and improved support for creating Named
Selections within the CAD systems. Improved attribute support also includes options to create additional
attributes within DesignModeler.
Feature Enhancements (p. 41)
Model Enhancements (p. 42)
Sketching Enhancements (p. 43)
Incompatibilities and Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Releases (p. 43)
3.3.1. Feature Enhancements
Attribute Support
Attributes from CAD systems can now be imported into DesignModeler. These include coordinate systems,
named selections, spot welds, work points, and general attributes. In addition, the new Attribute feature allows
users to create their own general attributes in DesignModeler that can be transferred to downstream applic-
ations.
Flow Volume Extraction by Caps
The Fill feature now allows the user to extract flow volumes when surface bodies are available or created
to cap the inlet and outlet openings. DesignModeler will then perform a Boolean operation to automatically
extract the internal void regions. The other method of filling holes by selecting faces is still supported.
Line Body Slicing
The Slice feature now offers slicing of line bodies. The Slice Off Edges option can be used to select edges
on the model, and DesignModeler will separate or slice off these edges to form new bodies.
Connect Feature
The Connect feature is available to align and join sets of vertices and edges that are separated by a small
gap. The alignment takes the form of a stretching and aligning of existing geometry. Geometric modification
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Connect Feature
of vertices and edges takes place and internal tolerances are adjusted if needed to make entities coincident.
This feature can be used with the sewing tool in the Body Operation feature to ensure proper connectivity
in models with gaps and overlaps.
Merge Feature
The Merge feature is available to merge sets of edges or faces for model simplification. The feature can
merge multiple sets of connected entities simultaneously. Generally, merging is useful for defeaturing a
model in preparation for meshing.
Projection Feature
The Projection feature projects points on edges/faces and edges on faces/bodies. The feature offers the
choice of imprinting edges and/or vertices on the target body, or it can create line bodies and/or construction
points.
Edge Delete Feature
The Edge Delete feature is available to remove edges from surface and line bodies and to heal the wound
naturally by extending the neighboring edges to form a new corner. Edge Delete is useful for removing
unwanted blends or holes in surface bodies and editing line bodies.
Surface Extension Groups
The Surface Extension feature now supports groups of extensions, allowing users to specify many extensions
in a single feature.
3.3.2. Model Enhancements
Shared Topology
The Shared Topology feature now allows users to create and view the shared topology in their multibody
parts in DesignModeler before the model is transferred to a downstream application. In addition, two new
shared topology methods have been added: Imprints and None. The Imprint method does not actually share
topology, but rather imprints the bodies in the part with each other to define more accurate contact regions.
The None method serves as a grouping mechanism, which can be used to apply mesh controls within the
part.
Model Analysis Tools
The Model Analysis Tools are a set of functions which will investigate the model, such as computing distances,
searching for faults, and calculating mass properties. The tools include:
Distance Finder: Finds distances between two sets of entities.
Entity Information: Reveals detailed information about selected entities.
Bounding Box: Computes the bounding box of the selection.
Mass Properties: Computes volume, surface area, and centroids.
Fault Detection: Finds errors in the model.
Small Entity Search: Detects small faces and edges, as well as spikes and slivers.
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Repair Features
The Repair features are a set of semiautomatic tools that can search and correct problematic areas of the
model. There are seven tools available:
Repair Slivers: Removes long, narrow faces that may not mesh.
Repair Spikes: Fixes narrow regions of faces that may not mesh.
Repair Small Edges: Removes short edges from the model.
Repair Small Faces: Removes small faces from the model.
Repair Seams: Stitches faces together where they should connect.
Repair Holes: Removes small holes and patches missing faces.
Repair Sharp Angles: Eliminates sharp angles to improve mesh quality.
The feature searches for faults in the model and presents them as a list along with a recommended method
to fix them. Selecting a fault from the list will automatically zoom to the area of the fault and highlight it.
The result of the repair operation can also be seen by selecting a fault from the list after the Repair feature
has generated.
New Cross Section Support
DesignModeler offers a new cross section type, user-defined, which can be used to sketch a custom cross
section in a sketching plane. Additionally, DesignModeler now supports user-defined beam offsets, allowing
specification of custom x and y offsets. Cross section alignments have also been made easier with a new
orientation option to point towards another entity, requiring just one selection.
File Optimizations
DesignModeler now supports saving additional feature data to the agdb file that allows the file to resume
without requiring regeneration. Performance improvement is based on the amount of feature data saved
which can be specified by the users. The optimization is controlled by the Saved Feature Data property,
available within options.
3.3.3. Sketching Enhancements
Advanced Spline Editing
The Spline Edit tool is available to modify flexible splines in sketching mode. It allows users to edit the spline
by dragging control and fit points. Options to insert or delete Fit points are also available.
3.3.4. Incompatibilities and Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Re-
leases
At Release 12.0 two features have been removed that were included in previous releases.
The auto-save option is no longer available. The project schematic will handle temporary copies of
project files.
The Winding Editor tool is no longer available. Legacy models that contain Winding features will still
resume in DesignModeler 12.0.
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3.3.4. Incompatibilities and Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Releases
3.4. TurboSystem Release Notes
TurboSystem is a set of software applications and software features that help you to perform turbomachinery
analyses in ANSYS Workbench.
ANSYS TurboGrid is a meshing tool for turbomachinery blade rows. The release notes for ANSYS TurboGrid
are given at ANSYS, Inc. Release Notes > Chapter 7, ANSYS TurboGrid (p. 93).
CFX-Pre, a CFD preprocesor, and CFD-Post, a CFD postprocessor, are part of the ANSYS CFX product. Both
of these products have Turbomachinery-specific features. The release notes for CFX-Pre are given at ANSYS,
Inc. Release Notes > Chapter 6, ANSYS CFX (p. 81). The release notes for CFD-Post are given at ANSYS, Inc.
Release Notes > Chapter 9, ANSYS CFD-Post (p. 101).
Release notes for the remaining TurboSystem applications are provided in the following sections:
BladeGen (p. 44)
BladeEditor (p. 45)
Vista TF (p. 47)
Note
After reviewing these release notes, you are encouraged to see Usage Notes, which describes
some known TurboSystem-related workflow issues and recommended practices for overcoming
these issues.
3.4.1. BladeGen
BladeGen is a geometry-creation tool for turbomachinery blade rows.
These release notes for BladeGen are divided into the following topics:
3.4.1.1. BladeGen New Features and Enhancements
3.4.1.2. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeGen
3.4.1.1. BladeGen New Features and Enhancements
There are four tools within BladeGen that are specialized for specific types of turbomachinery. This section
summarizes the new features for the existing tools, Vista CCD and Vista CPD, and introduces the key features
of the two new tools, Vista RTD and Vista AFD.
Enhancements to Vista CCD, a tool for centrifugal compressor design:
You can import data from the standalone program Vista CCD v2.6.
You can optionally specify the power input factor (in the Duty and Aerodynamic Data).
Vista CCD includes a real gas capability with data supplied for select gases.
You can optionally choose to optimize the inducer shroud diameter.
Vista CCD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.
Enhancements to Vista CPD, a tool for centrifugal pump design:
You can choose to use an efficiency correlation (in the Pump Duty and Fluid Dynamic Data) and view
the efficiency chart.
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Chapter 3: ANSYS Workbench
You can export an impeller with or without a volute.
You can export an ANSYS Workbench journal file to generate the volute geometry and mesh.
ANSYS Workbench journaling is a beta feature.
Vista CPD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.
Key Features of Vista RTD, a new tool for radial turbine design:
Vista RTD is similar to Vista CCD and Vista CPD.
Vista RTD is especially well suited for turbochargers.
Vista RTD produces sketches of inlet and exit velocity triangles.
Vista RTD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.
Key Features of Vista AFD, a new tool for axial fan design:
Vista AFD adopts a throughflow approach based on the well established SC90 model (for axial compressor
design) from PCA Engineers Limited.
Vista AFD is especially well suited for industrial fans with 6 or more blades.
Vista AFD has a two-step design process that starts with a meanline calculation followed by an inverse
throughflow step.
Vista AFD can optionally perform a throughflow analysis for a design obtained from an inverse
throughflow step.
Vista AFD was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.
3.4.1.2. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeGen
Be aware that when using real gas properties in Vista CCD, the RGP data is not saved with the BladeGen
model. Instead, the RGP data is in a separate file and the Vista definition contains a reference to it. When
you view the Vista CCD definition for a model that uses real gas properties, you may be asked to locate the
RGP file if the file specified in the Vista definition cannot be found.
3.4.2. BladeEditor
ANSYS BladeEditor is a plugin for ANSYS DesignModeler for creating, importing, and editing blade geometry.
These release notes for BladeEditor are divided into the following topics:
3.4.2.1. BladeEditor New Features and Enhancements
3.4.2.2. KNOWN DATA LOSS PROBLEM
3.4.2.3. Incompatibility between Versions of BladeEditor
3.4.2.4. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeEditor
3.4.2.1. BladeEditor New Features and Enhancements
You can create and modify blade shapes.
You can define flow path contours.
You can parameterize definition of details such as leading and trailing edges and hub cross sections.
You can define span fraction layers to construct blade camberlines within the flow path.
You can specify a hub or shroud flow cut, if required.
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3.4.2. BladeEditor
You can define and modify angle and thickness distributions for each of the blade camberlines using
linear, Bezier or cubic spline curves.
You can define multiple blade features, one per blade row, within a given flow path.
Blade rows can include splitters.
You can load blade geometry from BladeGen (with limitations). This process creates editable BladeEditor
features.
You can generate estimates of throat area.
You can export blade geometry to Vista TF and RTZT format. The latter is suitable for import into
BladeGen.
You can export blade geometry to ANSYS TurboGrid. This is also useful for extracting ANSYS TurboGrid
data from imported CAD blade geometry.
3.4.2.2. KNOWN DATA LOSS PROBLEM
You can very easily destroy your BladeEditor models by simply updating a project or otherwise processing
a Geometry cell, depending on your license preference settings. This problem can affect you if you have any
ANSYS DesignModeler licenses. To learn how to avoid this problem, please read the following section in
the ANSYS BladeEditor documentation: Configuring the BladeModeler License.
3.4.2.3. Incompatibility between Versions of BladeEditor
There is an incompatibility issue related to resuming the use of an agdb file from a previous version of
BladeEditor, if the agdb file contains the ImportBGD feature. The internal geometry labeling for the BladeBody
feature has changed in the latest version, causing features that reference the BladeBody geometry to poten-
tially be generated improperly when the database is resumed. The workaround is to re-select the geometry
for the affected features and regenerate the model.
3.4.2.4. Known Limitations Applicable to BladeEditor
There is a known limitation with the ImportBGD feature when importing multiple BladeGen files. If you have
imported two or more BladeGen files using separate ImportBGD features, and have turned on shroud
clearance for one of these features, then the import process may fail. The workaround is to import the case(s)
with shroud clearance first, then import the others.
Furthermore, changing the Blade Design cell Shroud Clearance property from "Relative Layer" or "Absolute
Layer" to "None" will have no effect on the ImportBGD feature. In this case, you must change the Shroud
Clearance property directly in the ImportBGD feature.
When you load a BladeGen file in BladeEditor (Load BGD operation) where the angle definitions in the
BladeGen file are specified as 'Beta Definition' and the 'Theta @ Beginning' values are non-zero, the Theta
reference values in the resulting BladeEditor CamThkDef features will be set to zero. In this case, you will
need to manually change the Theta reference values to the values corresponding to the 'Theta @ Beginning'
values in BladeGen.
When you create a flow path contour sketch, you must be editing in a (global) ZX-plane. The local X and Y
axes on the sketch plane correspond to the global Z and X axes, respectively. The local X axis corresponds
to the machine axis and the local Y axis corresponds to the radial coordinate axis. Consequently, all flow
contours in the sketch must have positive Y coordinates.
The following is a list of known limitations that apply to new BladeEditor features (but not the ImportBGD
feature):
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Model:
Only the Angle/Thickness mode is supported.
Layers:
Only specified span fraction layers are supported.
Angle Definition:
Only Theta and/or Beta definitions are supported.
Only General and Ruled Element spanwise distributions are supported.
At least one angle definition must exist on either the hub or shroud layer.
The Angle View Data Location must be Meanline.
Splitting and joining curve segments is not supported.
Thickness Definition:
Only the Normal to Meanline on Layer Surface thickness data type is supported.
The vs. Cam and % Cam vs. % Cam thickness specifications are not supported.
Only the General spanwise distribution is supported.
At least one thickness definition must exist on either the hub or shroud layer.
Splitting and joining curve segments is not supported.
3.4.3. Vista TF
Vista TF is a new addition to TurboSystem. It is a tool for performing rapid throughflow analyses of rotating
machinery for preliminary design purposes.
Some of the key features of Vista TF are:
Vista TF uses the streamline curvature method.
Vista TF uses empirical correlations or user-specified data to model frictional losses, boundary layer
displacement, and flow deviation relative to the blade.
You can view automatically-generated reports of the throughflow results in CFD-Post.
Vista TF was developed by PCA Engineers Limited, Lincoln, England.
3.5. CFX-Mesh Release Notes
Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Releases
The changes in product behavior from previous releases are:
CFX-Mesh is an integrated mesh method within the Meshing application. For further information on
how CFX-Mesh can be used from within the Meshing Application, please refer to the Meshing Help.
When you edit a mesh by selecting Edit in CFX-Mesh from within the Meshing Application, the Mesh
cell on the Project Schematic will become out-of-date. Upon completing the edit, you should update
the Mesh cell by clicking the right mouse button on the Mesh cell and selecting Update to ensure mesh
data can be passed to downstream applications.
For information on changes in the *.gtm format in release 12.0, see the Meshing Application Release
Notes.
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Changes in Product Behavior from Previous Releases
Known Limitations
The known limitations of CFX-Mesh are:
CFX-Mesh on 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows Vista is unable to support 2D regions for some im-
ported geometry files, e.g. SAT files.
3.6. Meshing Application Release Notes
Summary of Goals for the Meshing Application Release 12.0
Release 12.0 addresses these goals:
To provide a next generation solution for GAMBIT and CFX-Mesh users by following ANSYS Workbench
guiding principles (parametric, persistent, highly-automated, flexible, physics-aware, adaptive architecture)
To integrate TGrid and ANSYS ICEM CFD mesh methods, thereby increasing the power and flexibility
of the ANSYS Workbench meshing solution
To further evolve meshing tools and technologies for Mechanical, Electromagnetic, CFD, and Explicit
Dynamics physics types
Key Technology Areas for the Meshing Application in Release 12.0
Release 12.0 offers new features and enhancements in the following key technology areas:
Mesh controls
Surface meshing
Tetrahedral meshing
Inflation
Hexahedral meshing
Sweep meshing
MultiZone mesh method
Mesh metrics
Performance and data integration
Miscellaneous enhancements
Mesh Control Enhancements
The following mesh control enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Physics-based mesh controls for CFD problems. Release 12.0 targets the needs of CFD users by providing:
Automated CFD meshing process. You can set a Solver Preference of either CFX or FLUENT to
tailor the mesh based on the specified preference. The appropriate shape check defaults are set
based on your preference. The Skewness quality metric was added for ANSYS FLUENT users.
To support zone creation in ANSYS FLUENT, Named Selections created in the Meshing application
(or DesignModeler) are passed through the workflow (CAD>Geometry>Meshing application>ANSYS
FLUENT). When the mesh file is exported to ANSYS FLUENT mesh format, the Named Selections are
converted to zone types for use in ANSYS FLUENT.
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For models created/edited in DesignModeler, a Fluid/Solid material property can be assigned to a
solid body (including bodies of a multibody part). This setting is passed through to the Meshing
application and then to ANSYS FLUENT, which will use this material property type for 3D zone creation.
Improved inflation controls. The new Program Controlled inflation option inflates off all faces that
are not in a Named Selection. (When you select the Program Controlled option, you can use the
Show Program Controlled Inflation Surfaces feature to view the surfaces that will be selected for
inflation.) If you prefer, you can choose to inflate off of a Named Selection, or insert local inflation
controls. A Smooth Transition option is also available for inflation, which ensures that the rate of
volume change is smooth.
Physics-based mesh controls for structural problems. Release 12.0 targets the needs of structural users
by providing:
Rigid body contact meshing. Rigid body meshing simplifies the representation of a model by reducing
it to the contact regions and the centroid of the model. In other words, when a part is defined as
a rigid body, the mesher knows to mesh only the contact regions, and to create a single mass element
at the centroid of the model.
Gasket meshing. This feature lets you take advantage of the Mechanical APDL application's gasket
element technology via the Meshing application's Method control. When defining the Sweep mesh
method, you can set a gasket option that instructs the Meshing application to drop midside nodes
on gasket element edges that are parallel to the sweep direction.
Improved beam handling with respect to beam orientations. The mesher creates different element
types and extra orientation nodes if a cross section is present.
Copying of CAD instances. The Meshing application supports pattern instances that have been defined
for part features or assembly components in a CAD system. These instance definitions remain in the
CAD system. When a model with instances is read in to ANSYS Workbench, the geometry is read once
and then copied for each instance. Similarly, the Meshing application generates the mesh once and
then copies it for each instance. Support for pattern instances provides improved geometry import
speed because only one instance of a part is read in, and improved meshing speed because only one
instance of a part is meshed; copies of the first instance's mesh are used for the remaining instances.
Arbitrary mesh matching. The match control feature has been enhanced to allow arbitrary mesh
matching. This feature lets you select two faces or two edges in a model to create a match control that
will consequently generate exactly the same mesh on the two faces or edges. However, unlike cyclic
match controls, which require you to select a coordinate system with its z-axis of rotation aligned to
the geometry's axis of rotation, for arbitrary match controls the two faces or edges to be matched can
be arbitrarily located, and the match control is based on two coordinate systems that you select.
Mapped face meshing controls. Advanced mapped face meshing controls have been added, providing
support for side/corner/end controls to define a submapping strategy. When you apply advanced
mapped face meshing controls to a face, the Meshing application divides the face into one or more
mappable regions and creates a mapped mesh in each region.
Pinch feature. The Pinch feature lets you remove small features (such as short edges and narrow regions)
at the mesh level in order to generate better quality elements around those features. The Pinch feature
provides an alternative to Virtual Topology, which works at the geometry level. The two features work
in conjunction with one another to simplify meshing constraints due to small features in a model that
would otherwise make it difficult to obtain a satisfactory mesh. When Pinch controls are defined, the
small features in the model that meet the criteria established by the controls will be pinched out,
thereby removing the features from the mesh. You can instruct the Meshing application to automatically
create pinch controls based on settings that you specify or, you can manually designate vertices and
edges to be pinched.
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Mesh Control Enhancements
Advanced Size Function. The size function that the mesher uses is determined by the setting of the
Advanced Size Function feature, which provides greater control over how the mesh size is distributed
on a face or within a body. Turning on the Advanced Size Function provides much more accurate sizing
information to the mesher. The advanced size function controls the following properties:
Angles between normals for adjacent mesh elements (curvature-type size function)
Number of mesh elements employed in the gaps between two geometric entities (proximity-type
size function)
Gradation between minimum and maximum sizes based on a specified growth rate (all size functions)
When the Advanced Size Function is on, the Element Size control is no longer exposed and is replaced
by the Min Size, Max Face Size, and Max Tet Size controls. These controls are used by the Advanced
Size Function independent of Element Size. They define the desired range for minimum and maximum
element sizes, but can be overridden under certain circumstances.
The Use Advanced Size Function control is a global control; however, curvature and growth rate sizing
controls can be applied locally to edges, faces, and bodies. Sizing controls such as these and enforced
mesh sizes are all fully integrated into the Advanced Size Function. That is, scoped local element sizing
on edges, faces, or bodies; mesh matching; influence of a swept body; and defined sphere of influence
(SOI) or body of influence (BOI) will all contribute to the final mesh distribution when the Advanced
Size Function is on.
Body of influence (BOI). Using this option, you can set one body as a source of another body (that is, a
body of influence). The body of influence will influence the mesh density of the body that it is scoped
to, but it will not be a part of the model geometry nor will it be meshed.
Interface handling between parts. Handling has been improved in the areas of arbitrary mesh matching
and the introduction of the Match Mesh Where Possible control for Patch Independent Tetra meshing.
Surface Meshing Enhancements
The following surface meshing enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Poor-quality mesh clusters have been reduced and curvature-based refinement controls have been im-
proved, resulting in a more uniform surface mesh.
2D inflation controls are supported for 2D planar and 2D shell models.
Surface meshers support the new sizing controls.
Uniform Quad and Uniform Quad/Tri surface meshers are more robust.
The mesher takes the default or user-specified values of the Global Mesh Controls and propagates them
to the Uniform Quad/Uniform Quad/Tri method control. If you subsequently change the global values,
the changes are not reflected in the Uniform Quad/Uniform Quad/Tri method unless a new method is
inserted.
Tetrahedral Meshing Enhancements
The following tetrahedral meshing enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Integration of the TGrid tetra meshing kernel has made the Patch Conforming Tetra mesh method more
robust and allowed for smoother transitioning of the mesh. This method is now suitable as a replacement
for the CFX-Mesh method in generating high quality CFD meshes.
The Patch Independent Tetra mesh method is more robust and uses similar controls as the Advanced
Size Function by taking the default or user-specified values of the Global Mesh Controls and propagating
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them to the Patch Independent Tetra method control. If you subsequently change the global values,
the changes are not reflected in the Patch Independent Tetra method unless a new method is inserted.
Inflation Enhancements
The following inflation enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Additional inflation controls have been designed for ease of use. Controls combine the best of what
ANSYS FLUENT, CFX, and ANSYS ICEM CFD have to offer.
Improved multibody part handling.
A Smooth Transition option was added to provide layer-by-layer smoothing to achieve a smooth
transition from the inflation layers to the tetra mesh. To further define the transition from inflation to
tetra, the Transition Ratio control determines the rate at which adjacent elements grow. For the CFD
physics preference, the Transition Ratio default differs depending on your solver preference (CFX or
FLUENT).
The new Collision Avoidance control determines whether a Layer Compression or Stair Stepping
approach will be taken in areas of proximity to avoid collisions that may occur from marching inflated
surface meshes from opposite sides into each other. The Layer Compression option compresses inflation
layers in areas of collision. In these areas, the defined heights and ratios are reduced to ensure the same
number of layers throughout the entire inflation region. Rather than compressing the prism layers, with
Stair Stepping the prism layers are stair stepped in the proximity region to avoid collision and to
maintain a specified gap factor. The Stair Stepping approach to inflation growth locally reduces inflation
layers to avoid collisions, as well as bad quality elements in sharp or tight corners. The term stair
stepping refers to the steps created between one layer and the next.
The Preview Inflation feature helps you identify possible problems with inflation before you generate
the mesh. You can also export the previewed inflation mesh file in ANSYS FLUENT format.
The Inflation Algorithm control determines which inflation algorithm will be used (Pre or Post). When
Pre is selected, the surface mesh will be inflated first, and then the rest of the volume mesh will be
generated. When Post is selected, a post processing technique that works after the tetrahedral mesh
is generated is used.
Inflation with sweeping generates a hex mesh. By setting the Free Face Mesh Type control to All Quad,
All Tri, or Quad/Tri, you control the shape of the elements used to fill the swept body (pure hex, pure
wedge, or a combination of hex/wedge respectively). The boundary region of the source/target faces
will always be meshed with quad layers.
Sweep Meshing Enhancements
The following sweep meshing enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Improved robustness with the default Sweep approach. For multibody parts inflation layers can now
be generated across the interface of swept and tet regions. There is also now an option to constrain
the sweep boundary, which provides flexibility for how the mesher handles difficult transitions between
swept and tet regions.
Thin model sweeping has been improved. Both single body and multibody parts are supported. Thin
sweep works at the body level with other methods (for example, you can use thin sweep and general
sweep for different bodies in the same part). For multibody parts, only one division through the thickness
is possible. For single body parts, you can define multiple elements through the thickness using the
Sweep Num Divs control.
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Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Sweep Meshing Enhancements
New MultiZone Mesh Method
The MultiZone mesh method from ANSYS ICEM CFD has been integrated at release 12.0. MultiZone provides
automatic decomposition of geometry into mapped (structured/sweepable) regions and free (unstructured)
regions. It automatically generates a pure hexahedral mesh where possible and then fills the more difficult
to capture regions with unstructured mesh. Another benefit of MultiZone is its support for 3D inflation. The
MultiZone mesh method and the Sweep mesh method operate similarly; however, MultiZone has capabilities
that make it more suitable for a class of problems for which the Sweep method would not work without
extensive geometry decomposition.
MultiZone, which is based on the blocking approach used in ANSYS ICEM CFD Hexa, starts by automatically
blocking out surfaces. If the surface blocking can form a closed volume, then the volume may be filled
automatically with a number of structured, swept, or unstructured blocks. The structured blocks can be filled
with Hexa or Hexa/Prism elements and the unstructured blocks can be filled with Tetra, Hexa Dominant, or
Hexa Core elements depending on your settings.
Mesh Metric Enhancements
The following mesh metric enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Mesh Metric option. The Mesh Metric option allows you to view mesh metric information and thereby
evaluate the mesh quality. Once you have generated a mesh, you can choose to view information about
any of the following mesh metrics: Element Quality, Aspect Ratio, Jacobian Ratio, Warping Factor, Parallel
Deviation, Maximum Corner Angle, or Skewness. For each mesh metric, Min, Max, Average, and Standard
Deviation values are reported. If the model contains multiple parts or bodies, you can view the mesh
metric information for an individual part or body by highlighting it under the Geometry object in the
Tree Outline.
Show Worst Elements option. Once you have selected a mesh metric as described above, you can view
the worst quality element based on the quality criterion for that metric. This approach also works for
previewed mesh (surface mesh or inflation) and can be a useful tool to debug problems in the geometry
that can cause meshing problems or bad quality mesh.
Performance and Data Integration Enhancements
The following performance and data integration enhancements have been made at release 12.0:
Performance. Memory utilization and speed have been improved.
Data integration. A number of improvements have been made in the area of data integration, including:
Providing they adhere to some simple rules, Named Selections defined in the Meshing application
will be available in CFX-Mesh and CFX-Pre.
The Write ICEM CFD Files option has been added. If this option is set to Yes, your ANSYS ICEM CFD
project (.prj), geometry (.tin), unstructured domain (.uns), and blocking (.blk) files will be saved during
mesh generation when using ANSYS ICEM CFD mesh methods (Patch Independent, MultiZone,
Uniform Quad, or Uniform Quad/Tri).
A mesh generated by the Meshing application can be exported into the following file formats:
POLYFLOW format
CGNS format
Release 12.0 - 2009 SAS IP, Inc.All rights reserved.- Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
52
Chapter 3: ANSYS Workbench
Ability to export dipole sound data from surfaces to Virtual Lab in CGNS format
Ability to export quadrapole sound data from volumes to Virtual Lab in CGNS format
Turbulence modeling
Ability to use Vortex Method and Spectral Synthesizer with DES simulations
Scalable wall function approach for wall function based turbulence models
DO radiation enhancements
Improved treatment of partially specular walls
Absorption at specular walls based on wall emissivity
Specification of beam direction as a profile
Ability to specify diffuse irradiation component at semi-transparent walls
First-to-second-order blending for DO discretization (TUI only)
P1 radiation enhancements
Accounting for the reflective index
Shell conduction
Compatibility with semitransparent walls
Faster creation of shell conduction zones in parallel
Temperature dependent thermal conductivity in shell zones
Heat exchanger
Ability to import mechanism files with multiple surface reaction mechanisms for use with the
KINetics module.
DQMOM-IEM model
Ability to import flamelet library files generated by using the CFX-RIF utility available in CFX
Ability to use the partially premixed model with empirical fuel and empirical secondary stream
options
Solidification and Melting
Improved consistency of DPM reports, including energy and mass balances with radiation and
combustion
Ability to write selected injections to a file and read into another FLUENT session
Ability to plot phase IDs when more than 2 phases are present
Multi-fluid VOF
Phase drag interaction
Surface tension
Volume fraction pressure-velocity coupling for granular and gas-liquid flows, including mass
transfer
Pressure-velocity coupling for gas-liquid and granular flows, including mass transfer
Cavitation
Improved robustness for cavitation modeling (activated by choosing the cavitation checkbox)
Schnerr-Sauer and Zwart et al. cavitation models (uncheck cavitation checkbox and set mass
transfer mechanism to cavitation)
Mixture model
Ability to express breakage kernel through separate frequency and breakage pdf functions
Temperature extrapolation for flow exiting the boundary (pressure-based solver only)
Option to specify strong average pressure enforcement (TUI only; DBNS solver only)
Degassing boundary condition for the Eulerian multiphase model (see the UDF Manual for more
details)
Pressure far field
Ability to import ABAQUS, Mechanical APDL, NASTRAN, PATRAN surface meshes and interpolate
FLUENT data to the mesh and export it in the same format
Ability to import ABAQUS, Mechanical APDL, NASTRAN, PATRAN volume meshes and interpolate
FLUENT data to the mesh and export it in the same format
Ability to export multiple file formats or variables via automatic export for transient calculations