ME2401 Mech QB 2014

MECHATRONICS QUESTION BANK 1
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
ME2401 MECHATRONICS

IV B.E., VII Sem., ME
Jun13 Nov13
UNIT I MECHATRONICS SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
PART A
1.1) Define mechatronics.
1.2) Define sensor. Give some examples.
1.3) What are the types of systems?
1.4) What are the key elements of mechatronics system? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.5) Mention the functions of a mechatronic system. [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.6) What are the three phases of Mechatronics design process? [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.7) What are the constituent elements of measurement systems? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.8) List the parameters to be considered for designing an intelligent mechatronic system.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.9) What is meant by the term Real time mechatronics system? [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.10) What is the large scale application of mechatronics?
1.11) How precision machining is achieved in mechatronics systems?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.12) What is the use of signal conditioner?
www.Vidyarthiplus.com
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2401 / VII / MECH / JUNE 2013 NOV 2013
1.13) What do you understand by signal conditioning? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.14) List out the basic elements of a closed-loop system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.15) Distinguish between open-loop and closed-loop system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.16) Identify the various elements that might be present in a control system involving a
thermostatically controlled electric heater.
1.17) What are the elements of shaft speed control?
1.18) What are the basic elements of an automatic camera?
1.19) Write two factors that need to be considered in selecting a sensor for a particular
application. [AU, April / May - 2008]
1.20) Define range and span [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.21) Define error
1.22) Define accuracy
1.23) Define Sensitivity
1.24) Define hysteresis error
1.25) Define non - linearity error
1.26) Define repeatability / reproducibility
1.27) Define stability
1.28) Define drift
1.29) Define dead band / time
1.30) Define resolution
1.31) Define output impedance
1.32) Define response time
1.33) Define time constant
1.34) Define rise time
1.35) Define settling time
1.36) Define displacement
1.37) Define static characteristics
1.38) Define dynamic characteristics
1.39) Define hysteresis error
1.40) Define transducer
1.41) Define hysteresis loss
1.42) Define photodiode
1.43) Define Phototransistor
1.44) Give an example for a transducer and state its transduction principle.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.45) List any four types of sensors and mention their features. [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.46) Define the power rating of a potentiometer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.47) What are the factors to be considered while selecting the potentiometer?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
1.48) Define photoresistor
1.49) Define positive temperature co-efficient
1.50) Suggest a sensor that could be used for a furnace to monitor the rate at which the
heating oil flows along a pipe. The output from the measurement system is to be an
electrical signal which can be used to adjust the speed of the oil pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.51) Identify the sensor, signal conditioner and display element in the measurement systems
of a Bourdon pressure gauge. [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.52) State the concept of float manometer. [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.53) Write notes on eddy current proximity sensor
1.54) State the advantage of capacitive type proximity sensor. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.55) List out the different methods used for the measurement of displacement and proximity
and group them according to the concept used.
1.56) State the applications of position and proximity sensors. [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.57) Why three concentric tracks are used in an optical incremental encoder?
[AU, April / May - 2008]
1.58) How can we measure the velocity and motion of an object?
1.59) What do you mean by optical encoders? What are its types?
1.60) What are the methods used for temperature measurements?
1.61) What is the basic principle in thermocouples?
1.62) What is RTD? State its applications. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.63) What are the liquid flow measuring devices?
1.64) What is Hysteresis? [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.65) Distinguish between measurement system and control system? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.66) Define gauge factor. What will be the change in resistance of an electrical strain gauge
of 2.1 and resistance 50 ohms if it is subject to a strain of 0.001? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
PART B
1.67) Define system, measurement system and control system. Also differentiate them.
1.68) With an example explain the various functional units of a measurement system.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.69) Identify the various elements present in the temperature control system used in a
refrigeration system with a simple circuit. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.70) Explain the working of closed loop control employed in controlling the shaft speed
with a neat block diagram. [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.71) Identify the various elements of a closed loop system in an automatic water level
controller and describe their functions. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.72) Discuss about the closed loop control system employed to control the speed of the
welding torch. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.73) Explain the major elements of a feedback system with an illustration of an automatic
water level control system. [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.74) What do you mean by correction element, process element and measurement element?
1.75) Explain about sequential controller.
1.76) Explain what is meant by sequential control with a suitable example.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
1.77) Write the construction and working principle of engine management system.
1.78) Write short notes on automatic camera.
1.79) What do you mean by microprocessor based controller? Explain with example.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.80) Explain in detail about a feedback controlled washing machine system.
1.81) Give an overview of the mechatronic approach.
1.82) Explain the static and dynamic characteristics of a transducer. [AU, April / May - 2008]
1.83) Classify transducers by function, performance and by the output basis.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.84) Explain the static & dynamic characteristics of sensors? Explain.
[AU, May / June - 2006, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.85) List and define the dynamic characteristics of sensor. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.86) Write short notes on potentiometer sensor. Explain how it is used in the measurement
of displacement.
1.87) A potentiometer which is used to measure the rotational position of the shaft has 850
Turns of wire. The input range is from 160 to + 160. The output range is from 0 V to
12 V. Determine [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
(i) The span
(ii) Sensitivity
(iii) Average resolution in volts.
1.88) A potentiometer is used to measure the rotational position of the shaft has 1000 turns
of wire. The input range is from -170 to +170. The output range is from 0V to 12V.
Determine
(i) The span
(ii) Sensitivity
(iii) Average resolution in Volts [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.89) Describe the rotary type potentiometer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.90) How is angular displacement measured? Explain.
1.91) Explain in detail about strain - gauge and its types.
1.92) Explain the principle of various sensors used for measuring displacement.
1.93) Define capacitance. Explain in what ways it can be used for the measurement of
displacement.
1.94) Explain capacitive push-pull sensor and capacitive proximity sensor.
1.95) Explain about inductive proximity switch.
1.96) Explain capacitive proximity sensor.
1.97) Explain differential transformers.
1.98) Explain the construction and working principle of LVDT and derive its output voltage.
1.99) Explain RVDT
1.100) Discuss how displacement is sensed by LVDT. With neat sketch show how it can be
made phase sensitive. [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.101) Explain the method of measuring thickness using LVDT. List the difference between
LVDT and RVDT [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.102) Briefly discuss the working of a RTD sensor and its characteristics with a neat
diagram. [AU, May / June - 2012]
1.103) How is the capacitance measurement used for displacement? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.104) Explain an incremental encoder. What are their applications? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.105) Explain incremental encoder.
1.106) Explain incremental encoder and absolute encoder.
1.107) With an aid of a neat sketch, describe the working of an absolute encoder.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
1.108) Briefly discuss about the absolute encoder with a suitable schematic
[AU, May / June - 2012]
1.109) Explain about a 3 - bit absolute encoder.
1.110) Explain binary code and gray code.
1.111) How are pneumatic sensors used to find the proximity of an object?
1.112) What are the different types of proximity switches? Explain each with a diagram.
1.113) Explain the Hall Effect sensor and its types. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.114) Explain the working principle of a photovoltaic cell with a neat sketch.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
1.115) What are the 6 different types of tachogenerator ? Explain each with a diagram.
1.116) What is pyroelectric material ? How is it used for the measurement of motion of the
object?
1.117) Explain the construction and working principle of the dual pyroelectric sensor.
1.118) Briefly discuss the working of a Total radiation pyrometer with a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.119) Explain how force is measured.
1.120) Explain the construction and working principle of a strain gauge load cell.
1.121) Explain some of the methods used for the fluid pressure measurement with a diagram.
1.122) What are the methods used for low pressure measurement? Explain any 2 with
diagrams.
1.123) What are the methods used for high pressure measurement? Explain any 2 with
diagrams.
1.124) What is Piezo electric material ? Differentiate it from pyro electric material.
1.125) Explain the construction and working principle of Piezo electric sensors.
1.126) Explain about tactile sensors.
1.127) What is RTD? Explain the relationship between resistance and temperature for the
RTD with temperature resistance curve. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
1.128) Explain in detail about any 2 methods used for liquid velocity measurement.
1.129) Explain the function of a capacitive sensor in a robot end effecter.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.130) Write short notes on turbine meter and orifice plate.
1.131) Explain turbine meter and floats.
1.132) How is Bernoulli's principle used to measure the flow rate? [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.133) Explain the construction of a Venturimeter with a neat sketch. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.134) Briefly explain the measurement of liquid level using float and rotameter with a neat
sketch [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.135) How Bourdon tube is used to measure the pressure? [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.136) Explain about any 2 methods used for liquid level measurement with diagram.
1.137) Explain with a neat diagram how the following are used for temperature measurement
a) Bimetallic strip b) Resistance temperature detectors.
c) Thermistors d) Thermodiodes
e) Thermo transistors f) Thermocouples.
[AU, April / May 2008, 2010]
1.138) What is the application of bimetallic strip? Discuss their types and principle of
operation respectively. [AU, May / June - 2013]
1.139) Describe thermistors in detail with neat sketch. Which materials are used for
thermistors? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.140) What do you mean by light sensors? Explain its types.
1.141) How will you select a sensor? List out the factors considered for its selection.
1.142) Suggest a sensor whose output is an electrical signal for the following and explain
them in detail
(i) Vacuum pressure measurement in the range of 10-2 to 10-6 torr
(ii) Velocity of hot gas in a conduit [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.143) What are mechanical switches? Explain its types.
1.144) Explain about
i) SPST ii) DPDT
iii) Debouncing iv) Debouncing a SPDT
v) Debouncing using D flip-flop vi) Schmitt trigger
1.145) Explain about keypads.
1.146) Explain the basic elements of a Feedback system with an illustration of Shaft speed
control system. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.147) Describe the principle, construction and working of LVDT with a neat diagram.
1.148) Mention any six main factors to be considered in the selection of sensors for
automation. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.149) Briefly discuss the working of a moving coil type velocity sensor with a neat
diagram. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.150) Briefly explain any two mechatronics system with examples. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.151) Explain the difference between open loop and closed loop control systems.
1.152) Explain the basic elements of a closed loop system with suitable examples.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.153) Explain the functioning of a closed-loop system with a neat sketch for controlling the
speed of a shaft. [AU, May / June - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2010]

UNIT II ACTUATION SYSTEM
PART A
2.1) Define actuation system
2.2) Define pneumatic and hydraulic systems
2.3) Name the control components in a hydraulic actuation system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.4) List the advantages and disadvantages of a hydraulic system. [AU, April / May - 2010]
2.5) What is meant by actuators? Classify it? [AU, April / May - 2011]
2.6) A pneumatic system is operated at a pressure of 1000 kPa. What diameter cylinder
will be required to move a load requiring a force of 12 kN? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.7) Draw the symbols for a (a) pressure relief valve (b) 2/2 valve which has actuators of
a push-button and a spring (c) 4/2 valve (d) directional valve
2.8) Draw the sketches of 3/2 and 4/2 valves. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
2.9) Why are pilot operated valves used? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
2.10) What is meant by spool valve? What is function? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.11) Give the difference between single acting and double acting cylinder.
2.12) What is meant by cylinder sequencing?
2.13) Given an example of fluid control system
2.14) Define the term control valve sizing.
2.15) Define mechanism.
2.16) What are the types of motion?
2.17) Define degree of freedom.
2.18) Write the basic relation to determine the degree of freedom.
2.19) Define kinematic design.
2.20) What is meant by kinematic chain?
2.21) Define four bar kinematic chain.
2.22) State the applications of gear train.
2.23) What are the types of belts?
2.24) List the materials used for belts. [AU, May / June - 2012]
2.25) State the difference between chain and sprocket. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.26) Write short notes on the working of a Ratchet and pawl mechanism.
[AU, May / June - 2013]
2.27) Define mechanical switches.
2.28) State any two differences between micro switch and reed switch.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
2.29) Define solenoids.
2.30) List any four solid state switches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
2.31) What is a darlington pair? [AU, April / May - 2008]
2.32) What is a stepper motor?
2.33) Highlight the properties of a stepper motor. [AU, May / June - 2013]
2.34) What are the types of stepper motor?
2.35) Define holding torque. [AU, April / May - 2011, May / June - 2012]
2.36) A stepper motor is given a digital input rate of 50 pulses for one revolution. Find the
step angle. [AU, May / June - 2012]
2.37) If a stepper motor has a step angle of 7.5, what digital input rate is required to produce
a rotation of 10 rev/s? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.38) A steeper motor is given a digital input rate of 40 pulses for one revolution. Find its
step angle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
2.39) State the application of stepper motor and servo motor in mechatronic systems.
2.40) What is a servo motor? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.41) State the application of servo motor in Mechatronic system. [AU, Nov / Dec- 2010]
PART B
2.42) Explain in detail the hydraulic and pneumatic power supply.
2.43) Compare the hydraulic and pneumatic actuation systems used in automation.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
2.44) Using a simple circuit explain the basic components required for hydraulic actuation
system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.45) Explain the working principle of a directional control valve.
2.46) Describe the basic details of a (a) poppet valve (b) shuttle valve
2.47) Explain the principle of a pilot-operated valve
2.48) Why are filters used? Sketch various positions of filters in a hydraulic system.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
2.49) Briefly explain the working of the solenoid operated spool valve with a neat sketch.
Give the symbols of 3/2 and 4/2 valve symbols.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.50) Explain how a sequential valve can be used to initiate an operation only when another
operation has been completed.
2.51) Explain the control of a double acting cylinder with a suitable pneumatic control.
2.52) Explain in detail cylinder sequencing.
2.53) Explain the working principle of a process control valve.
2.54) Explain the working principle of pneumatic diaphragm actuator.
2.55) Describe the construction and operation of bladder type air accumulator with a help of
a diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.56) Explain the working principle of rotary actuators.
2.57) Explain (a) four bar chain (b) slider crank mechanism.
2.58) Analyse the motions of the following mechanism and state whether they involve pure
rotation, pure translation or are a mixture of rotation and translation components
a) The keys on a computer keyboard b) The pen in an XY plotter.
c) The pointer on a moving coil ammeter d) An automatic screw driver.
2.59) Explain the working of cams. Explain the types of cams.
2.60) Explain various types of cam followers. [AU, April / May - 2008]
2.61) Explain the different types of cam and followers. [AU, May / June - 2013]
2.62) Explain various types of ball and roller bearings. Mention the application of each type.
[AU, April / May - 2008, 2010, Nov / Dec - 2010]
2.63) List the types of bearings and brief about each. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.64) Explain the different types of bearings.
2.65) What are Antifriction bearings? Explain their characteristics and functions.
2.66) Discuss the working of a roller and thrust bearing with suitable diagrams.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
2.67) List the various types of bearings. Also mention their capabilities and application
[AU, May / June - 2013]
2.68) Write a short note on ratchet and pawl
2.69) Explain the differences between belt and chain drives
2.70) What are chain drives? Explain their uses with neat diagrams. [AU, May / June - 2012]
2.71) Explain the working of cross and compound belt drives with neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.72) Discuss various types of belt drives used for power transmission. Make a comparison
between flat and its belt. [AU, April / May - 2011]
2.73) Explain the working of a compound belt drive with a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
2.74) Design a mechanical system which can be used to
(a) Operate a sequence of micro switches in a timed sequence.
(b) Transform a rotation of one shaft into rotation of another, close shaft which is at
right angles to it.
(c) Move a tool at a steady rate in one direction and then quickly move it back to the
beginning of the path.
2.75) A toothed gear has 72 teeth and circular pitch of 26mm, find pitch diameter, diametral
pitch and module of the gear. [AU, May / June - 2013]
2.76) With a neat diagram, describe the working of solenoid. [AU, May / June - 2012]
2.77) Explain thyrists and triacs in detail. [AU, April / May - 2008]
2.78) Explain the working principle of relays.
2.79) What are solid state switches? Explain them.
2.80) Explain how a thyristor can be used to control the level of a D.C voltage by chopping
the output from a constant voltage supply.
2.81) Draw and explain the constructional features of a D.C Compound motor.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.82) Describe the construction and working of a compound motor with a neat schematic and
explain its performance curves. [AU, April / May - 2011]
2.83) Explain the principle of the brushless D.C permanent magnet motor.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
2.84) Briefly discuss the working of a DC series motor and its characteristics.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
2.85) Compare the functions of series wound D.C. motors and shunt wound D.C. motors.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
2.86) Explain the constructional features of the DC motor with a neat sketch and discuss
about their steady state characteristics with suitable graphs. [AU, May / June - 2012]
2.87) With the help of proper control circuits explain the speed control of AC and DC
motors. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
2.88) Explain the principles of operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor.
2.89) Explain the specification of a stepper motor in detail. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.90) Explain the working principle of stepper motor in half step mode.
2.91) How will you specify a stepper motor? Explain the general characteristics of a stepper
motor. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.92) With a suitable graph, explain the specifications and the characteristics of a stepper
motor. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011, 2012]
2.93) Write critical note on the following: (i) Back emf (ii) Pulse width modulation
[AU, May / June - 2012]
2.94) Describe the working of an AC servo motor. [AU, May / June - 2013]
2.95) Determine the input pulse rate if the stepper motor has 10 per step and rotating at 300
rpm. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
2.96) A flat belt, 7 mm thick and 95 mm wide transmits power between two pulleys running
at 1500 m/min. The mass of the belt is 0.85 kg/m length. The angle of lap in the smaller
pulley is 155 and the co-efficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25. If the
maximum permissible stress in the belt is 2 MN/m
2
, find the maximum power transmitted
and initial tension in the belt. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
2.97) An actuator has a stem movement which at full travel is 40 mm. It is mounted with a
linear plug process control valve which has a minimum flow rate of 0 and a maximum
flow rate of 0.2 m
3
/ sec. What will be the flow rate when the stem movement is 20 mm?
2.98) A hydraulic cylinder is used to move a billet in a production operation by a distance of
150 mm in 15 s. A force of 25 N is required to move the billet. Find the working pressure
and liquid flow if the cylinder with a piston diameter of 100 mm is available.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
2.99) A hydraulic cylinder is to be used to move a work piece in a manufacturing operation
through a distance of 50 mm in 10 s. A force of 10 kN is required to move the work
piece. Determine the required working pressure and hydraulic liquid flow if a cylinder
with a piston diameter of 100 mm is available.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, April / May - 2010]

UNIT III SYSTEM MODELS AND CONTROLLERS
PART A
3.1) What are the basic building blocks of the mechanical system?
3.2) What are the various control modes in the mechatronics control systems?
3.3) What is meant by dashpot?
3.4) Define stiffness.
3.5) What are the characteristics of negative feedback? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
3.6) Define node analysis and mesh analysis in an electrical system.
3.7) Define the following:
a) Hydraulic resistance b) Hydraulic capacitance
c) Hydraulic inertance d) Pneumatic resistance
e) Pneumatic capacitance f) Pneumatic inertance
g) Lag h) Steady state error
i) Combinational logic j) Sequential logic. [AU, April / May - 2008]
3.8) Define fluid inertance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.9) What do you understand by steady state error and identify the sources of this error?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
3.10) Define Gray code.
3.11) What is the largest decimal number that can be represented by the use of an 8 - bit
binary number?
3.12) Write the analogous electrical elements in force-voltage analogy for the elements of
mechanical translational system. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, May / June - 2012]
3.13) Convert the spring-mass-damper system into an equivalent electrical system. Write
down the system equation. [AU, April / May - 2010]
3.14) Write the differential equation for the system shown in Fig. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.15) What are the limitations of two step control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.16) Define Adaptive control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
3.17) What are the various stages of operation of an adaptive control system?
[AU, May / June - 2013]
3.18) Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers (a) 1011 (b) 10 0001 0001.
3.19) Why derivative controller is never used alone? [AU, April / May - 2008]
3.20) Convert the decimal numbers (a) 423 (b) 529 to hex.
3.21) Convert the BCD numbers (a) 0111 1000 0001 (b) 0001 0101 0111 to decimal
3.22) What are the two complement representations of the decimal numbers (a) - 90
(b) - 35?
3.23) What even - parity bits should be attached to (a) 100 1000, (b) 100 1111?
3.24) Subtract the following decimal numbers using twos complements (a) 21 - 13
(b) 15 - 3
3.25) What are the three parts of a microprocessor system?
3.26) Define embeded microprocessor.
3.27) What types of process are suitable for ON OFF controllers?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
3.28) Identify the electrical equivalent of the following:
a) Fluid pressure
b) Spring
c) Mass
d) Damper. [AU, April / May - 2011]
3.29) What are the features of an operational amplifier? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.30) What is PI control? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.31) What is PI controller? [AU, May / June - 2012]
3.32) Draw a P-D controller using op amp. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.33) What are the steps involved in the operation of a digital controller?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
3.34) What do you mean by discrete process controllers? [AU, May / June - 2013]
3.35) What is meant by digital logic control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
3.36) Draw the torsional spring mass system. Write down the system equation.
[AU, Nov/ Dec - 2011]

PART B
3.37) Explain the system modeling of a chamber filled with fluid. [AU, May / June - 2013]
3.38) Explain briefly a mathematical model of a vehicle moving on a road.
[AU, May / June - 2013]
3.39) Derive an equation relating the input angular displacement
i
with the output angular
displacement
o
for the rotational system shown below.
3.40) Derive a mathematical model for a machine mounted on the ground to study the effects
of ground disturbances on the machine bed displacement. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
3.41) Derive the relationship between the output, the potential difference across the resistor
R of V
R
, and the input V for the series LCR circuit shown below.
3.42) Derive a mathematical model for a resistor-inductor-capacitor system using Kirchoff's
law. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
3.43) Derive the differential equation governing the mechanical system of an electric motor.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
3.44) Obtain the differential equation of the system as shown in figure.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.45) Obtain the differential equation of the system as shown in figure.
[AU, May / June - 2012]

3.46) Derive the differential equation and draw the equivalent free body diagram for the
system shown in Fig

3.47) Consider two masses connected together by a spring stiffness of K
1
and second mass is
connected to frame by a spring of stiffness K
2
as shown in figure. Obtain the differential
equation for the system input x [AU, May / June - 2012]

3.48) Draw the equivalent free body diagram for the system shown in figure and derive the
differential equation. [AU, May / June, Nov / Dec - 2012]

3.49) Draw the equivalent free body diagram and write the equation for the system shown in
figure. [AU, May / June - 2012]

3.50) Derive the differential equation for a motor driving a load through a gear system which
relates the angular displacement of the load with time.
3.51) A motor is used to rotate a load. Device a mathematical model and draw the
mechanical model and equivalent model for the same. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
3.52) Propose a model for a steeped shaft used to rotate a mass and derive an equation
relating the input torque and the angular rotation. Neglect damping.
3.53) Compare the control system performance for a system with proportional control and a
system with integral control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
3.54) Explain the model building using the basic building blocks for a
(i) Automobile suspension system
(ii) Electrical motor [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.55) Explain in detail the rotational translational system, electromechanical system,
hydraulic mechanical system.
3.56) Derive the differential equations for a D.C motor.
3.57) Derive the differential equations for a D.C generator.
3.58) Explain the control modes of the controller
3.59) Explain the various types of control modes. [AU, May / June - 2013]
3.60) Explain the construction or working of PID controller with a neat diagram. Also write
mathematical equations for this. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2011]
3.61) Explain the working of a PID controller with an aid of a neat circuit.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.62) Explain the working of PID controller with a neat sketch. [AU, May / June - 2012]
3.63) Explain the characteristics of PID controller. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
3.64) Discuss the working of PID controller. [AU, May / June - 2012]
3.65) What are the limitations of a two - step (on - off) control and in what situation is such a
control system commonly used?
3.66) Describe and compare the characteristics of
a) Proportional control
b) Proportional plus integral control
c) Proportional plus integral plus derivative control.
3.67) Discuss in detail about PI and PD mode electronic controllers. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.68) Explain electronic proportional derivative (PD) controller with necessary circuit
diagrams.
3.69) Explain electronic proportional integral (PI) controller with necessary circuit diagram.
3.70) Explain the working of PI controller with a neat sketch
[AU, Nov / Dec 2011, May / June - 2012]
3.71) Write a critical note on continuous and discrete process controllers.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
3.72) Explain in detail adaptive control system. [AU, April / May - 2010, April / May - 2011]
3.73) Explain the basis on which the following forms of adaptive control system function:
(a) Gain - scheduled (b) Self - turning (c) Model - reference
[AU, Nov/ Dec - 2011]
3.74) Explain AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR logic gates.
3.75) State the Boolean functions for each of the logic circuits shown below
3.76) Simplify the following Boolean equations
(a) Q = A.C + A.C.D + C.D (b) Q = A.B.C + C.D + C.D.E
3.77) Use De Morgan's laws to show that a NOR gate with inverted inputs is equivalent to an
AND gate.
3.78) Draw the Karnaugh maps for the following truth tables and hence determine the
simplified Boolean equation for the outputs.
3.79) State the applications of logic gates. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
3.80) With a help of a block diagram, explain Digital Logic Control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.81) Explain in detail about digital controllers. [AU, May / June - 2013]
3.82) Derive a mathematical model for a spring-mass-damper system.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
3.83) Compare the control system performance for a system with derivative control and a
system with proportional control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
3.84) Compare the control system performance for the system with a Derivative and Integral
controller [AU, May / June - 2012]
3.85) Consider two masses connected together by a spring stiffness of K1 and the second
mass is connected to a frame by a spring of stiffness K2. Obtain a system differential
equation for the input x. [AU, April / May - 2011]
3.86) Explain in detail the following systems:.
(a) Mechanical system (b) Rotation system (c) Electrical system
(d) Fluid system. (e) Thermal system
3.87) Explain fluid system building blocks. [AU, April / May - 2008]
3.88) Explain building blocks for thermal systems. [AU, April / May - 2008]
3.89) Derive an equation relating the input force F, with the output displacement x for the
system described below.

UNIT IV PROGRAMMING LOGIC CONTROLLERS
PART A
4.1) Define programmable logic controller.
4.2) What is a PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.3) Write short notes on the basic arrangement of a PLC system. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.4) Describe the features which are specific to controllers in comparison with a computer.
4.5) Mention the two specific features of PLCs. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.6) What is input and output processing? [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.7) What is a status file?
4.8) What are the data formats used in PLC?
4.9) Discuss PLC memory.
4.10) What do you understand by memory mapping? [AU, May / June -
2012]
4.11) What is an internal relay in PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.12) Define sourcing and sinking.
4.13) What is latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.14) What is meant by latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.15) Draw the ladder rungs to represent a latch circuit.
[AU, May / June - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.16) State the function of counter. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.17) What is the need of a counter? Show the basic counting program using a ladder
diagram.
4.18) Draw a ladder diagram for a counter. [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.19) What is cascading of timers? [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.20) Define ladder logic. [AU, May / June - 2006]
4.21) What are the logic functions that can be obtained by using switches in series?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.22) Define the rules to be followed in ladder diagrams.
4.23) What are the types of ladder diagrams?
4.24) What are the factors necessary for the selection of PLC?
4.25) What is meant by latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.26) Device a PLC timing circuit that will switch an output on for 10 seconds and then
switch it off. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.27) What is shift register? How many data is required for a shift-register?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2011]
4.28) What is Shift register? What is the data required for a shift register?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.29) State the purpose of shift registers. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.30) Obtain a NOR logic function using ladder program. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.31) Draw the ladder rungs to represent the following: A motor is switched on by pressing a
spring-return push button switch, and the motor remains on until another spring-return
push button switch is pressed. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.32) How does PLC differ from relay logic? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.33) State the use of JUMP control in PLCs. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.34) Define interrupt and interrupt controller. [AU, April / May - 2011]

PART B
4.35) Explain the architecture of a PLC with a suitable bock diagram.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.36) Draw a detailed block diagram and explain the architecture of PLC.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.37) Explain the configuration of a PLC. List the considerations in selecting a PLC.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.38) Draw and explain in detail about the architecture of PLC. Also explain about input
/output channels present in PLC. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, April / May - 2011]
4.39) Compare the differences between the PLC and the computers. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.40) Enumerate the difference between a PLC and a personal computer (PC)
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.41) Draw the ladder diagram and PLC program for the following logic gates :
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
(a) AND (b) OR (c) NAND
(d) NOR (e) XOR (f) XNOR
4.42) Explain the logical functions performed by PLC.
4.43) What do you mean by latching circuit ? Explain how it can be realized using PLC.
4.44) Explain about sequencing ladder circuit with an example.
4.45) Write notes on instruction set used in PLC
4.46) What do you mean by timer circuit ? Explain in detail about the following timer
circuit with the help of the ladder diagram and PLC program.
(a) ON timer (b) OFF timer
(c) Retentive timer (d) Reset timer
4.47) Explain the functioning of cascaded timers, on-off cyclic timers and delay-off timers
with ladder diagrams. [AU, May / June - 2006]
4.48) Draw and explain the cascaded timers in PLC. [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.49) What is an internal relay? How is it used in PLC programs? Explain with a ladder
diagram
4.50) Explain the applications of internal relays and counters with neat circuit diagrams.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.51) Explain latching with ladder diagram. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.52) Draw and explain the ladder diagram for the following :
(i) Data Movement
(ii) Data Comparison [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.53) Explain delay-on and delay-off timer with ladder diagrams. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.54) Explain reset latch circuit using internal relay.
4.55) Explain the use of internal relays in PLC to control a pneumatic system with double-
solenoid valves and two cylinders. [AU, May / June - 2006]
4.56) What is a counter? Explain with an example using diagram.
4.57) What are the different types of counters? Explain.
4.58) Explain shift registers in PLC.
4.59) Explain data handling in PLC.
4.60) Explain the different operations carried out by a PLC in data handling.
[AU, May / June - 2006]
4.61) Using simple programs explain the data handling operations in a PLC.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.62) Define hand shaking. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.63) What are the different types of operations that can be done on data with a PLC ?
4.64) Explain data movement operation with an example using ladder diagram and PLC
program.
4.65) Explain about data comparison operations with an example.
4.66) Explain about arithmetic operations with examples.
4.67) Explain about code conversion operations with examples.
4.68) How would you control the speed of the motor using PLC? Explain with ladder
diagram.
4.69) Explain analogue input / output to PLC.
4.70) Explain the basics of ladder programming used in PLC's [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.71) What are the factors to be considered while selecting a PLC?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
4.72) Explain the selection of a PLC for specific application. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.73) Explain how you select a PLC and give specifications of a typical PLC.
[AU, May / June - 2006, April / May - 2008]
4.74) Write a short note on jump control used in PLC using a ladder diagram.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.75) Explain proportional temperature controller using PLC.
4.76) Write the program instructions corresponding to the latch program
4.77) Devise a system, using a PLC, which can be used to control the movement of a piston
in 2 cylinders so that when a switch is momentarily pressed, the piston moves in one
direction and when a second switch is momentarily pressed, the piston moves in the other
direction. [Hint : Use the two solenoid hydraulic piston
4.78) Explain how a PLC can be used to handle an analogue input / output.
4.79) Devise a circuit that could be used with a conveyor belt which is used to move an item
to a work station. The presence of the item at the work station is detected by means of
breaking a contact activated by a beam of light to a photo sensor. There it stops for 100s
for an operation to be carried out before moving on and off the conveyor. The motor for
the belt is started by a normally open start switch and stopped by a normally closed
switch. [AU, April / May - 2008, 2010]
4.80) Device a PLC circuit for the following application: Consider a conveyor belt that is to
be used to transport goods from a loading machine to a packaging area. When an item is
loaded onto the conveyor belt, a contact switch might be used to indicate that the item is
on the belt and start the conveyor motor. The motor then has to keep running until the
item reaches the far end of the conveyor and falls off into the packaging area.
[AU, May / June - 2013]
4.81) Device a PLC circuit for the following application: Consider a simple goods lift to
move items from one level to another. The lift is to move upwards when a push button is
pressed at the ground level to send the lift upwards or a push button is pressed at the
upper level to request the lift to move upwards, but in both cases there is a condition that
has to be met that a limit switch indicates that the access gate to the lift platform is
closed. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.82) When it does this, a switch might be activated which has the effect of switching off the
conveyor motor. The motor is then to remain off until the next item is loaded onto the
belt. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.83) Devise a circuit that could be used with a domestic washing machine to switch on
pump to pump water for 100 sec into the machine then switch off and switch on a heater
for 50 sec to heat the water. The heater is then switched off and another pump is to
empty the water from the machine for 100 sec. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.84) Devise a circuit that can be used to start a motor and then after a delay of 100 sec start
a pump. When the motor is switched off there should be a delay of 10 sec before the
pump is switched off. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.85) Devise a system using a PLC, which can be used to control the movement of a piston
in a cylinder using a 4/2 solenoid operated pilot valve. The piston is to move in one
direction when a proximity sensor at one end of a stroke closes contacts and in the other
direction when a proximity sensor at the other end of the stroke indicates it arrival there.
4.86) Draw the ladder diagram to represent
(i) Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor to
operate.
(ii) Either of two, normally open, switches has to be closed for a coil to be energized
and operate an actuator.
(iii) A motor is switched on by pressing a spring-return push-button start switch and
the motor remains on until another spring-return push-button stop switch is
pressed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.87) Draw ladder diagrams and Explain the following: [AU, April / May - 2011]
a) Cascaded Timers b) Latching circuit
4.88) Create a ladder diagram for the following application: A pneumatic system with
double-solenoid valves controls two double acting cylinders A and B. The sequence of
cylinder operations are as follows: Cylinder A extends followed by cylinder B extending,
then the cylinder B retracts and finally the cycle is completed by the cylinder A
retracting. Explain the logic of the PLC circuit used. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.89) A work piece is loaded on a conveyor belt and operates between two limits of travel A
and B. When limit switch at station A is activated, the conveyor moves forward. When
limit switch at station B is activated, the conveyor changes direction. Pressing the start
button causes the motor to run in the forward direction and pressing the stop button stops
the motor. Create a ladder logic diagram and explain. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
4.90) Sketch a ladder diagram and explain for pressure alarm. Alarm should be sounded if a
sensor indicates the pressure above 2 bar and remain sounding until the pressure falls
below 1 bar. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.91) Write the ladder logic programs for the ladder rungs shown in figure.
[AU, May / June - 2012]

4.92) Study the ladder logic program in Fig. and answer the following questions:
(i) What type of counter has been used to program?
(ii) When would output Y
1
be energized?
(iii) When would output Y
2
be energized? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.93) Explain how the shift register can be used to sequence the event with a neat diagram.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.94) Discuss how a PLC can be used to handle an analog input. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.95) Explain in detail about the different types of input and output processing used in PLC.
4.96) Explain the input / output processing of PLC.

UNIT V DESIGN OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
PART A
5.1) Name the various stages in designing mechatronics system.
5.2) List the seven modules of mechatronics design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.3) List down the various stages in mechatronic system design. [AU, May / June - 2013]
5.4) List the drawbacks of traditional design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.5) Write the differences between traditional and Mechatronics system design.
[AU, April / May - 2008, 10]
5.6) Compare traditional and mechatronic design. [AU, May / June - 2013]
5.7) What are the requirements to be satisfied before starting the timer?
5.8) What is a timed switch? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.9) What is meant by Duty Cycle? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.10) What is a windscreen wiper?
5.11) What are the configurations in operating stepper motor?
5.12) List any four major sensors used in the mobile robot. [AU, May / June - 2012]
5.13) What are the various movements of robots?
5.14) Identify the sensors in a pick and place robot. [AU, May / June - 2012]
5.15) What is the role of opto isolator in robot control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.16) How is a traditional design of temperature control of domestic central heating system
improved by mechatronic design? [AU, May / June - 2006]
5.17) Identify the main sensors used in domestic washing machine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.18) Domestic washing machine is a mechatronic approach Justify
[AU, May / June - 2012]
5.19) Automatic camera is a mechatronics system - Justify.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2010]
5.20) Automatic camera is a mechatronic system. Comment on it. [AU, May / June - 2012]
5.21) Compare and contrast the traditional design of a watch with that of a mechatronics
based digital watch. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.22) Compare and contrast the traditional and mechatronic design approach applicable for
on line inspection. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.23) List down the various mechatronics elements in an automatic camera.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.24) What are the advantages of using a microprocessor in the place of a mechanical
controller for a carburettor of an automobile? [AU, April / May - 2008]
5.25) What do you mean by embedded systems? [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.26) How is traditional design of flow control in a large pipe improved by mechatronics
design? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
5.27) How a traditional design of pressure control in a large tank is improved by
mechatronics design? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.28) Suggest a simple mechatronic design for the flow control in a large pipe
[AU, April / May 2011]
5.29) Name the sensors used in car Engine management system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.30) List any four major sensor used in the car engine management system.
[AU, April / May 2011]
PART B
5.31) Explain possible mechatronics design process stages. [AU, April / May 2011]
5.32) Explain the various stages in mechatronics design approach and state how it differs
from the traditional approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.33) Explain the difference between traditional and mechatronics design with 2 examples.
5.34) Explain in detail the possible mechatronics design solutions for timed switches.
5.35) Explain the possible ways of implementing wind screen - wiper motion.
5.36) What do you mean by bathroom scales? How can it be implemented in different ways?
5.37) Explain the construction and working of pick and place robot.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.38) Device a pick and place robot system explain the various mechatronics elements used
in the design. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, May / June - 2012]
5.39) Discuss the mechatronic design of the pick and place robot with a neat control circuit.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
5.40) Discuss the mechatronic design of the pick and place robot with a neat control circuit.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.41) Explain the construction and working of car park barriers.
5.42) Discuss mechatronic design of an automatic car park system.
[AU, May / June - 2006, 2012, April / May 2008, 2011]
5.43) Explain about the mechatronic system design of an automatic car park barrier.
[AU, May / June - 2013]
5.44) Design a mechatronics system for a automatic camera and explain the various
mechatronics elements. [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.45) Explain automatic camera in detail with diagrams. Explain autofocussing system, light
sensors system and control system for motors.
5.46) Design a vehicle engine management system on the basis of mechatronics system
design. [AU, May / June - 2012]
5.47) Explain the car engine management system and discuss the parameters relevant to the
engine performance [AU, April / May 2008, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.48) Explain about the basis of mechatronics system design considering vehicle engine
management system as example. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]
5.49) Draw the block diagram showing the interaction of various elements in a domestic
washing machine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.50) Explain with a neat circuit, the control system and the communication system used in
the wireless surveillance balloon. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.51) Detail about the various functional components in a wireless surveillance balloon
system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.52) Explain about the design of a mechatronics system considering wireless surveillance
balloon as an example. [AU, May / June - 2013]
5.53) Draw and explain Don code reader.
5.54) Consider a computer controlled machine tool (CNC machine tool) as a mechatronic
system. Discuss about the design considerations and design solutions to these
considerations.
5.55) Explain the various mechatronics elements required to design an automated guided
vehicle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.56) Design an engine management system and discuss the parameters relevant to the
engine performance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
5.57) Design a mechatronic engine management system and discuss the parameters relevant
to the engine performance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.58) Design a mechatronics system for sorting parts based on height moving in a conveyor.
Sketch the layout and highlight the design aspects. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
5.59) Discuss various stages involved in the design of Mechatronic systems.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
5.60) Compare and contrast the traditional and Mechatronic design approach for advanced
manufacturing. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
5.61) Discuss the working of a weighing scale using mechatronics solution. Compare this
over a traditional mechanical system. Compare and contrast the traditional and
Mechatronic design approach for advanced manufacturing
5.62) Explain possible mechatronics design process stages. [AU, April / May 2011]
5.63) Explain the difference between traditional and mechatronics design with 2 examples.
5.64) Explain in detail the possible mechatronics design solutions for timed switches.


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MECHATRONICS QUESTION BANK 1

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