WRITTEN REPORT OF GROUP 3

By: AONUEVO, BUENDIA, GATPANDAN, ORBESO, PRING

BS ARCH 1-2

CHAPTER 3: THE COMING OF ISLAM

I. The Beginning of Islam
ISLAM
o An Arabic word which means
Acceptance
Submission
Surrender
Commitment
o Closely related to the Arabic word for peace which is salaam. (shalom
in Hebrew)
o Its adherents are called Muslims.
o Their God is called Allah and their holy book is called Quran.
o Kaaba House of God
The center of Muslim worship which is located at Mecca
o Founded by the prophet Muhammad
o Started with the Hijra or Hegire which is the migration of the prophet
Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in September 24, 622
o Laylat Al-qadar (Night of Power) a sacred event when Muhammad
received the call to be Gods messenger
o The origin of faith lies in Allahs initial creation of the universe and
everything in it, including the First Parents, Adam and his wife.
Muhammad
o Belonged to the Quraysh
o Born in c. 570 CE
o He was called The Last Prophet, or The Seal of the Prophets
o Muhammads Perspective Gods messages in other scriptures had
become corrupted and needs a fresh revelation to which he was called to
deliver
o Archangel Gabriel the angel who delivered Gods calling to Muhammad
Quran
o Central religious text of Islam; record of the messages Muhammad recited
in the name of God

II. The Spread of Islam
The start of Islam is marked in the year 610, following the first revelation to the
prophet Muhammad at the age of 40. Muhammad and his followers spread the
teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
622 CE The Hijra / Hegira
o The Hijra / Hegira is the migration of Muhammad and his followers from
Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. In June 622, warned of a plot to assassinate
him, Muhammad secretly slipped out of Mecca and moved his followers to
Medina, 320 kilometers (200 miles) north of Mecca. The Hijra is
celebrated annually on the first day of the Muslim year.
630 CE The Return to Mecca
o Muhammad returns to Mecca with a large number of his followers. He
enters the city peacefully, and eventually all its citizens accept Islam. The
prophet clears the idols and images out of the Kaaba and rededicates it to
the worship of God alone.
633 CE
o Muhammad dies after a prolonged illness. The Muslim community elects
his father-in-law and close associate, Abu Bakr, as caliph, or successor.
Caliph successors to the messenger of God; leader of a caliphate
638 CE
o Muslims enter the area north of Arabia, known as "Sham."
Sham area north of the Arabian Peninsula which is composed of
4 countries namely Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq
641 CE
o Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine army.
Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire; spreads Christianism
as primary religion
o This point in Islam history shows the early radicalism or willingness to kill
or die of Muslims for the sake of their religion.
655 CE
o Islam begins to spread throughout North Africa.
661 CE
o Imam Ali is killed, bringing to an end the rule of the four "righteous
caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning
of the Umayyad rule.
Imam priests; leader of a mosque and Muslim community
Umayyad Empire - The Umayyad Empire is the fifth largest empire in
history.

It was ruled by the Umayyad Dynasty. The name of this
dynasty comes from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of
the first Umayyad caliph. It was the first dynasty of
the Muslim Caliphate. Damascus was the capital 660750.
732 CE
o Battle of Tours - Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles
Martel.
Charles Martel a noble blood of Frankish origin who commanded
an army of 80,000 men against the Umayyads.
750 CE
o The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of
power from Damascus to Baghdad.
Abbasid Caliphate one of the great Muslim Caliphates; It was built
by the descendant of Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd
al-Muttalib.
Baghdad Capital of Iraq
1000 CE
o Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including
Nigeria, which served as a trading liaison between the northern and
central regions of Africa.
1120 CE
o Islam continues to spread throughout Asia by means of trade. Indian
traders went south to Myanmar and Malaysia. Malaysian traders then
reached the southern isles of the Philippines (Sulu, Tawi-tawi, etc.) thus,
spreading Islam.

III. The Coming of Islam in the Philippines
1100
o Islam reached the Philippines with the arrival of the muslim traders known
as the rise of the Islamic political institution.
1380
o The arrival of Sharif Karim Ul Makhdum. He is the first Arabian trader who
brought Islam in the Philippines and the first to establish a mosque.
Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque - the first mosque that is built in
Simunul Island, Tawi Tawi.
1390
o The arrival of Rajah Baguinda. He is the Minangkabaus prince who
preached Islam in the Island of Mindanao.
1397
o Islam is strengthening in the Philippines by the subsequent settlements of
Arab missioners and traders who travel to Malaysia and Indonesia.
o Islam has greatly influenced our country that is visible in the Mindanaos
culture.
1475
o Arrival of Sharif Mohammed Kabungsuan who was the pioneer of Islam in
cotabato and the founder of settlements.
1495
o Arrival of Sayyid Abu bakr in jolo who taught people to read and write
Arabic called Sanskrit.
1500
o Miguel Lopez de legaspi arrived in Manila and he met Rajah Sulayman III
who is currently the rajah of Manila.
1502
o Rajah Sulayman III and Miguel Lopez de Legaspi had an agreement to
convert the animistic population of the southern Philippines into Islam
together with Rajah Matanda and Lakan Dula.
1510
o It is already stated that half of the population in Luzon and almost all the
people in Mindanaos converted their religion as Islam.
o However, Visayas was largely dominated by Hindu-Buddhist society who
strongly resists Islam.
o Muslim Pirates is one of the reasons why the people in Visayas refused
Islam is because of the economic and political disaster brought by Muslim
pirates known as raid.
1521
o Between these years, the sultanate of borneo, Sultan Bolkiah, became
interested in Manila and plans to make it as their natural port but Rajah
Sulayman didnt agreed with them and thats the start of the war. As a
result, a new dynasty was formed.
1571
o The destruction of Muslim settlement in Manila by Spaniards that cause
for the Muslims to retreat in Mindanao. And is the start of Spaniards rule.
o The spread of islam which took only 191 years is attributed to its appeal to
the prehispanic filipino and a inspiration to the natives being markes with
zeal for the help of the people in various activities.

IV. The Institutional Impact of Islam
Political
o Islam introduced a highly developed political structure, the Sultanate
Sultan head of a sultanate who assumes political and secular
authority
Datu assumes communal leadership, providing aid and arbitration
through agama courts under his leadership. The wealth amassed
by the conquests of the Datu is provided to his subjects for aid,
employment, and protection when needed. The datu is not
determined by his wealth but by the number of his followers.
Further, the holy Qur'an, the source of both secular and religious
precepts and laws of Muslims, provides a sense of oneness and
fraternal bond between Muslims as an Ummah or Islamic Nation
(21:92). Islam changed the country's once fragmented nature into a
Bangsa Tungga which means single nation.
o The introduction of Islam gave way to a social and political order not
completely different from the existing structure known to the early settlers
of southern Philippines. It produced an Islamic variant of the barangay
where the pre-Islamic timuways evolved into datus of Muslim Filipinos.
On the other hand, datus of large barangays became sultans.
Under Islam, the datu was ordained as Gods viceregent or deputy whose
power was sacred. He was assisted by the pandita (one learned in
religious matters), and he administered justice according to the law of
Islam and adat.

Foreign Muslim missionaries like Sharif Abu Bakr in Sulu and Sharif
Kabungsuwan in Mindanao became leaders of communities they
Islamized. They eventually married local women and adapted to the
exisiting social order. With more coordination and skill than the
nativedatus, they increased their power, which enabled their descendants
to control a large following in an extensive territory. Thus, the emergence
of the early Muslim Filipino sultanates.

In the present-day Moro society, sultans still have considerable influence
and social prestige.
Economics
o refers to the economic system that conforms to Islamic scripture and
traditions. Islamic finance belongs to the category of religious ethical
finance
o behavioral norms and moral foundations" derived from
the Quran and Sunnah
Quran and Sunnah a hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad)
which states that I have left among you two matters by holding fast
to which, you shall never be misguided: the Book of God and my
Sunna. The concept itself is not rejected, as most Muslims hold that
Islam is derived from two sources: one being infallible and
containing compressed information the Qur'an and another
being a detailed explanation of the everyday application of the
principles established in the Qur'an: The Sunnah, or the living
example of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Zakat - or alms-giving is the practice of charitable giving by Muslims
based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all who are able
to do so. It is considered to be a personal responsibility for Muslims
to ease economic hardship for other Muslims and eliminate
inequality for followers of Islam.
Prohibition of Riba (interest) that which you give as Riba the
peoples wealth increases not with God; but that which you give in
charity, seeking the goodwill of God, multiplies manifold [30: 39]
Socio-Cultural
o Courtship And Marriage
Muslim Filipinos observe traditional courtship and marriage
practices just like other Filipino groups. Because marriage is
considered an alliance of families, relatives on both sides have a
say on the union. Major Moro groups expect the man to court and
marry a woman who comes from the same status of his family.
Arranged marriage is mainly due to prestige and the parents wish
to enable their children to enjoy a better social and economic life.

A bride-gift is an essential part of any proposed union. It is meant to
compensate the brides family for the loss of a woman-member and
to reimburse the cost of her upbringing.
o Child Rearing
A ceremonial preparation of the child for adulthood called pag-
islam(meaning, what Islam has required) or circumcision follows
Islamic rites. It may be a simple or elaborate ceremony done by
an imam or another religious personality who performs prayers and
chants.

Todays modern medical facilities, however, make it easier for
families to have their sons circumcision done by a doctor at a
hospital. Prayers are done at home and the boy is taught his
responsibilities as a member of the family and the Islamic
community. Islam regards an uncircumcised male adult as infidel.

Another ceremony marking a boys intellectual initiation is
called pag-tammat (referring to ending study of the Quran). This
is an occasion which is disappearing because most parents send
their children to madaris(religious schools).
o Polygamy
The Muslim scripture, the Quran, is the only known world scripture
to explicitly limit polygamy and place strict restrictions upon its
practice:
marry women of your choice, two or three or four; but if you fear
that you shall not be able to deal justly with them, then only one.
(Quran 4:3)
Moral / Spiritual
o The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam,
considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.
They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel.
They make up Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self purification
and the pilgrimage. They are:
Shahadah: declaring there is no god except God,
and Muhammad is God's Messenger
Salat: ritual prayer five times a day
Zakat: giving 2.5% of ones savings to the poor and needy
Sawm: fasting and self-control during the blessed month
of Ramadan
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime

if he/she is able
to

V. The Secessionist Movement
Secession
o the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or
body
History of Secessionism in the Philippines
o 1918
Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, central Minadanao, there were only
24 Christians
o 1935
The successive administrations of the Philippine Commonwealth
and Republic provide steadily more opportunities and assistance to
settlers from the North.
o 1946
Government sponsored Christian Filipino immigration from northern
provinces to the Muslim South.
The land laws of the postcolonial government defined all
unregistered lands in Mindanao to be public land or military
reservations
o 1963
A survey commissioned by the Philippine Senate Committee on
National Minorities concluded that the principal problem in
Mindanao was land.
o 1970
Because of Christian immigration, central Mindanao's population
ballooned to 2.3 million
Differential access to both land and government resources had
produced a profound economic gap between Muslim and Christian
communities throughout Mindanao
o 1971
The same Philippine Senate Committee reported that until that year
there were no irrigation projects in any municipality in Mindanao
where Muslims were a majority
o 1972
Because of the Martial Law, war between Muslim separatist rebels
and the Philippine military raged
o 1975
Three fourths of the Philippine Army was deployed in Muslim areas
of Mindanao
o 1976
The war was contested on diplomatic and ideological fronts
(MNLF+Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers vs. Marcos
government)
o 1987
The new Philippine Constitution in 1987 provided for the creation of
an autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
The MNLF broke off peace negotiations with the government over
the majority-rule requirements of the organic act
o 1996
The 1996 Peace agreement arranged for the implementation of the
Tripoli agreement in two phases.
First, it created the Southern Philippines Council for Peace and
Development. Nur Misuari was elected governor of ARMM
o 1998
President Joseph Estrada lacked consistent support to the SPCPD,
he even demanded the MILF to lay down their arms
o 1999
Supposedly the year for the 2nd phase.
it did not happen for 2 reasons:
first, this latest version was also provided entirely inadequate
levels of power and resources
second, the Peace Agreement did not bring peace
o 2000
Fighting between the separatist groups and the PH army intensified
MILF withdrew from the peace talks
Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is found at or
near the bottom of the national rankings (National Statistics Office
2000)
Different Secessionist Groups
o Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM)
Became officially activated on October 15, 2011
MIM Exec. Director - MNLF Cmdr. John Remollo Petalcorin
A clear focus on the vision to achieve the formation of an
Independent Mindanao Nation
People of Mindanao can only escape from the marginalization if it
will become self-reliant as an independent state.
When Mindanao become independent, the citizens of Mindanao will
become dual citizens of Mindanao and the Philippines.
o Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
The Moro National Liberation Front or Mindanao National Liberation
Front (MNLF) is a secessionist political organization in the
Philippines that was founded by Nur Misuari in 1969.
It is the union of two other secessionist groups in the Philippines
namely Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Abu Sayyaff
Group (ASG)
The MNLF ideology is egalitarianism which means equality among
all people. Everyone should get the same, or be treated the same,
or be treated as equals, in some respect.
o Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
is a Moro group located in the southern Philippines. The group has
a presence in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao, the Sulu
Archipelago, Palawan, Basilan and other neighbouring islands.
Al-Hajj Murad Ebrahim is the current chairman of the MILF And the
key person in the Bangsamoro Peace Process in the Philippines.
1976
In this year, The signing of MNLF-Philippines Tripoli
Agreement takes place to control the insurgency of MNLF
who took part in terrorist attacks and assassinations against
MILF to prevent them unto achieving their goals which is to
have a greater bangsamoro autonomy.
1997
A general cessation of hostilities between the government in
Manila and the MILF was signed in July but this agreement
was abolished in 2000 by the Philippine Army under the
administration of Philippine President Joseph Estrada that
cause for them to bring out a war against the government.
Under the Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the government
entered into a cease-fire agreement with the MILF and resumed
peace talks.
2005
Despite peace negotiations and the cease-fire agreement,
the MILF attacked government troops in Maguindanao
resulting in at least twenty-three deaths in January.
2007
The bombing incident in Davao Airport in 2003 which the
Philippine government blamed on MILF members,
2011
The MILF withdrew their demands for independence, instead
saying that they would pursue substate status, likened to a
U.S. state instead of independence from the Philippines.
o Abu Sayyaff Group (ASG)
Bearer of the Sword
Founded 1989, by Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani; Splitted from the
MNLF
Also known as Mujahideen Commando Freedom Fighters (MCCF),
due to its link with the Mujahideen Movement in Afghanistan.
Majority of its members are Muslim youth. Old members are
reportedly veterans of the Afghan war.
Has ties to Jemah Islamiya (JI)
Operates mainly in Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-tawi provinces in the
Sulu Archipelago and has a presence on Mindanao. Members also
occasionally travel to Manila to facilitate bombings or terroristic
acts.
The group doesnt only want to establish a separate Islamic state
governed by the Sharia. They also want our country to be
exclusive for Muslims.
They are the most violent group operating in the southern
Philippines.
Does not practice religious tolerance towards non-Muslims.
History of Terrorism
April 2000, an ASG faction kidnapped 21 personsincluding
10 Westernersfrom a Malaysian resort
2001, the ASG kidnapped three US citizens and 17 Filipinos
from a resort in Palawan, Philippines, later murdering
several of the hostages, including one US citizen
27 February 2004, members of ASG leader Khadafi
Janjalanis faction bombed a ferry in Manila Bay, killing 116
14 February 2005 they perpetrated simultaneous bombings
in the cities of Manila, General Santos, and Davao, killing at
least eight and injuring about 150
2006, Janjalanis faction relocated to Sulu, where it joined
forces with local ASG supporters who are providing shelter
to fugitive JI members from Indonesia
July 2007, members of the ASG and the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front engaged a force of Philippine marines on
Basilan Island, killing 14
November 2007, a motorcycle bomb exploded outside the
Philippine Congress, killing a Congressman and three staff
members
January 2009, the ASG kidnapped three International Red
Cross workers in Sulu province, holding one of the hostages
for six months
Philippine marines in February 2010 killed Albader Parad,
one of the ASGs most violent sub-commanders, on Jolo
Island
In 2011, the ASG kidnapped several individuals and held
them for ransom.