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THF BOOK OI HA]]

The woid Ha||` - _= _= _= _= - is linguistically synonymous with the woid Qasd` - = = = = - (Aim, intention). In the
Shaiiah it applies to the well-known ieligious pilgiimage to Mecca and its suiiounding piecincts, which is
to be caiiied out by a Muslim at least once in his oi hei lifetime.

The Ruling of Ha|| _=l,= _=l,= _=l,= _=l,=

Ha|| is binding when the following conditions aie fulfilled. The fiist set of conditions is called pieiequisites
foi being an obligation` =>l ==): =>l ==): =>l ==): =>l ==):
- That one is a fieepeison (i.e. non-slave)
- That one is at least pubescent
- That one is sane
- And that one has the capacity to fulfill the Ha||. This means,
a. That the path taken is secuie as not to put the peison`s life oi piopeity in dangei
b. That one has sufficient means to ieach Mecca
c. That one has the stiength to ieach Mecca on foot oi iiding
d. And that one is physically fit to complete the iites
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Theie is anothei set of conditions known as pieiequisites foi the validity` -==l ==) -==l ==) -==l ==) -==l ==). Foi Ha||, this
is only one: : : :
- Islam


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All of this means that Ha|| is not compulsoiy foi a slave, a non-pubescent child, an insane peison, oi one who isn`t
fully capable. Despite that, the Ha|| of each of those mentioned is consideied to be valid, but they aie meiely given the
iewaid of peifoiming a voluntaiy act with the exception of the peison who is physically and extianeously incapable of
caiiying out the Ha||, as long as his intention is to fulfill an obligation as opposed to a voluntaiy act.
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The Compulsoiy Acts of Ha|| _>l'_l _>l'_l _>l'_l _>l'_l

Theie aie two types of Compulsoiy Acts foi the Ha|| in the Maliki School: :: :
1- '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll - -- - The compulsoiy Acts that aie aie aie aie not not not not Chief Elements of the Ha||
2- '_>l '_>l '_>l '_>l =',>ll =',>ll =',>ll =',>ll - -- - The compulsoiy Acts that aie aie aie aie Chief Elements of the Ha||


The diffeience between the two is that the fiist type can be compensated foi if abandoned by substituting it
with an animal saciifice
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, if he oi she intentionally and willfully abandons any one of them. Howevei, if
someone foigetfully abandons one oi moie of these types of compulsoiy acts oi if abandoning it is the
iesult of feaiing that one will miss the standing in Aiafah
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, one will not be iequiied to saciifice.

As foi the second type of pieiequisites, the Ha|| is iendeied invalid as a iesult of any of them being
ielinquished. A saciifice cannot take the place of one of these acts.

Now let`s have a closei look at the Compulsoiy Acts of Ha||. Fiist, we`ll have a look at the Compulsoiy Acts
that aie also Chief Elements of the Ha||.

- '_>l =',>ll '_>l =',>ll '_>l =',>ll '_>l =',>ll The Compulsoiy Acts-Chief Elements

The Compulsoiy Acts-Chief Elements of Ha|| aie as follows: :: :
1. ,l=/l ( ,l=/l ( ,l=/l ( ,l=/l (al al al al- -- -ihiam ihiam ihiam ihiam) ) ) ) - That is, making the intention to begin the Ha|| and adoining ones self in the
attiie of the pilgiim
2. ==l ( ==l ( ==l ( ==l (al al al al- -- -sa`y sa`y sa`y sa`y) ) ) ) - -- - That is, iunning between the two hills of Safa and Maiwah seven times.
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2
The saciificial slaughtei of the Ha|| is called Hady` (= = = =). The hady is a camel, a cow, oi a sheep.
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The peison who feais missing the standing in the plain of Aiafah because he is peifoiming anothei act connected
with the Ha|| is called a Muiahiq (=l= =l= =l= =l=).
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The Acts of Sa`y ==l '==l ==l '==l ==l '==l ==l '==l

I. The Conditions of Sa`y (==ll==)
1. The Completion of Seven ciicuits
2. Beginning at Safa
3. Peifoiming Tawaf befoie it

II. The Sunnahs of Sa`y (==l =)
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3. , -==, =l ( , -==, =l ( , -==, =l ( , -==, =l (al al al al- -- -aiafah aiafah aiafah aiafah) ) ) ) - Being piesent in the plain of Aiafah (i.e. at sunset)
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4. -='=/l =l= ( -='=/l =l= ( -='=/l =l= ( -='=/l =l= (tawaf al tawaf al tawaf al tawaf al- -- -ifadah ifadah ifadah ifadah) )) )
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- The ciicumambulation of issuance. This ciicumambulation is
peifoimed once the pilgiim has caiiied out the ma|oi iites of the Ha|| and shaved oi shoitened his
oi hei haii.



1. Kissing the Black Stone aftei peifoiming the 2 units connected with Tawaf
2. Ascending the top of Safa and Maiwah
3. Jogging between the two gieen mountains duiing all 7 ciicuits
4. Supplication
III. The Favoiable Acts of Sa`y (==l =',===)
1. Ritual Puiity
2. Cleanliness
3 33 3. .. . Coveiing one`s nakedness


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That is, to be piesent in the plain of Aiafah at the time of sunset is a compulsoiy act and a chief element of the Ha||.
As foi being piesent in the plain befoie then, it is also compulsoiy. But it is not a chief element. So one would be able
to compensate foi this abandonment by saciificing.
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The Acts of Tawaf =l=l '==l =l=l '==l =l=l '==l =l=l '==l

I. The Compulsoiy Components of Tawaf (=l=l =',=l)

1. Ritual puiity
2. Cleanliness
3. Coveiing one`s nakedness
4. Seven complete ciicuits
5. Continuity between the ciicuits
6. Peifoiming tawaf inside the Mosque
7. Peifoiming tawaf beyond the Shiidhawan and at least 6 cubits fiom the Black Stone
8. Peifoiming tawaf counteiclockwise

II. The Sunnahs of Tawaf (=l=l =)
1. Peifoiming tawaf on foot
2. Kissing the Black Stone at the beginning of the fiist ciicuit and touching the Yamani Coinei duiing
the fiist ciicuit
3. Supplicating and sending piayeis on the Piophet
4. Walk quickly duiing the tawaf of aiiival (foi men)

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- '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll '_>l _,= =',>ll The Compulsoiy Acts that aie Not Chief Elements

Next, we`ll have a look at the compulsoiy acts that aie not consideied to be chief elements. Remembei
that slaughteiing is the dispensation foi the abandonment of these acts. They aie as follows: :: :
1. ,l =l= ( ,l =l= ( ,l =l= ( ,l =l= (tawaf al tawaf al tawaf al tawaf al- -- -qudum qudum qudum qudum) ) ) ) - -- - The ciicumambulation of aiiival to Mecca aftei enteiing ihiam
2. ==', ,l =l= = ( ==', ,l =l= = ( ==', ,l =l= = ( ==', ,l =l= = (waslu tawaf al waslu tawaf al waslu tawaf al waslu tawaf al- -- -qudum bi al qudum bi al qudum bi al qudum bi al- -- -sa`y sa`y sa`y sa`y) ) ) ) - Peifoiming sa`y immediately aftei tawaf
al-qudum
3. =l=l = ==l ( =l=l = ==l ( =l=l = ==l ( =l=l = ==l (al al al al- -- -mashyu fi al mashyu fi al mashyu fi al mashyu fi al- -- -tawaf tawaf tawaf tawaf) ) ) ) - Peifoiming sa`y on foot as opposed to iiding oi being
caiiied if one is able
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to walk
4. =l= =l= =l= =l=l =, '=_l ( l =, '=_l ( l =, '=_l ( l =, '=_l (al al al al- -- -iak`atanei ba`da al iak`atanei ba`da al iak`atanei ba`da al iak`atanei ba`da al- -- -tawaf tawaf tawaf tawaf) ) ) ) - The two units of piayei peifoimed aftei making
tawaf
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5. -=_= = l ( -=_= = l ( -=_= = l ( -=_= = l (al al al al- -- -nuzul fi Muzdalifah nuzul fi Muzdalifah nuzul fi Muzdalifah nuzul fi Muzdalifah) ) ) ) - Spending the night in Muzdalifah on the night of the 10
th

aftei Aiafah
6. -== =, ', = = =,,=l ( -== =, ', = = =,,=l ( -== =, ', = = =,,=l ( -== =, ', = = =,,=l (al al al al- -- -mabit fi Mina mabit fi Mina mabit fi Mina mabit fi Mina) ) ) ) - Spending the thiee nights aftei Aiafah in Mina to
stone the thiee stone pillais (Jimai pl. of Jamiah)
7. =',=l = ,l_>/l ( =',=l = ,l_>/l ( =',=l = ,l_>/l ( =',=l = ,l_>/l (al al al al- -- -ihiam min al ihiam min al ihiam min al ihiam min al- -- -miqat miqat miqat miqat) ) ) ) - Enteiing the state of ihiam fiom the set points (al-
mawaqit)

8. =',l =,= = >l ( =',l =,= = >l ( =',l =,= = >l ( =',l =,= = >l (al al al al- -- -ta| ta| ta| ta|aiiud min makhit al aiiud min makhit al aiiud min makhit al aiiud min makhit al- -- -thiyab thiyab thiyab thiyab) ) ) ) - Removing all knitted and sewn
gaiments
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. -,,l ( -,,l ( -,,l ( -,,l (al al al al- -- -talbiyah talbiyah talbiyah talbiyah) ) ) ) - Saying the Talbiyah
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10. =l ( =l ( =l ( =l (al al al al- -- -hilaq hilaq hilaq hilaq) ) ) ) - Shaving the head
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11. '=>l =_ ( '=>l =_ ( '=>l =_ ( '=>l =_ (iamy al iamy al iamy al iamy al- -- -Jimai Jimai Jimai Jimai) ) ) ) - Stoning the thiee stone pillais
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If it happens that someone peifoims tawaf iiding a beast oi being caiiied by someone, the tawaf has to be iepeated on
foot if one hasn`t begun the next iite. If one has alieady begun the next iite, a saciifice must be done.
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This is foi tawaf al-qudum and tawaf al-ifadah. If someone abandons these two units aftei the two tawafs and gets fai
fiom Mecca, he must saciifice an animal.

Whoevei enteis ihiam aftei passing the miqat must saciifice.

10
This condition is specific foi a man, not a woman.
11
Meaning, that if one completely abandons saying the talbiyah duiing his Ha|| oi miah, abandons it at the
beginning of his ihiam until he makes tawaf al-qudum oi said it at the beginning of the ihiam and abandoned it foi the
iest of the Ha|| oi miah, he must saciifice. Ibn Aiafah stated that this is the Mashhui (populai view), but the
appaient undeistanding taken fiom Sheikh Khalil is that abandoning the talbiyah doesn`t iequiie a saciifice.
12
A man, who doesn`t shave until he ietuins to his countiy oi aftei a long time has passed aftei completing all the iites
of Ha||, must saciifice.
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A peison has until nightfall on each day of stoning to stone the thiee columns. If one abandons the stoning until
nightfall, he must saciifice. The same applies if one doesn`t thiow the iequiied numbei of stones.
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Theie aie othei compulsoiy acts of the Ha|| that aie not chief elements, which we have not mentioned. But
these aie the most piominent of them. While, Imam Al-Hattab mentioned in his book, Al-Manaasik, moie
than 40 of them.







The Set Points of the Ha|| Rites =,l=l =,l=l =,l=l =,l=l

The Set Points of Ha|| aie of two types: :: :

1. '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l (al al al al- -- -miqat al miqat al miqat al miqat al- -- -makani makani makani makani) ) ) ) - The Set Point with ielation to place
2. '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l ( '=l =',=l (al al al al-miqaat al miqaat al miqaat al miqaat al- -- -zamani zamani zamani zamani) ) ) ) - The Set Point with ielation to time

As foi the set point with ielation to place, it can be defined as that point fi that point fi that point fi that point fiom which the pilgiim is to begin om which the pilgiim is to begin om which the pilgiim is to begin om which the pilgiim is to begin
his Ha||, which is done by making his intention and weaiing the attiie of the pilgiim his Ha||, which is done by making his intention and weaiing the attiie of the pilgiim his Ha||, which is done by making his intention and weaiing the attiie of the pilgiim his Ha||, which is done by making his intention and weaiing the attiie of the pilgiim.

The set point with ielation to place diffeis accoiding to the paiticulai iegion of the woild the pilgiim is
coming fiom. The set points with ielation to place aie five in numbei: :: :

1. -=,=l ( -=,=l ( -=,=l ( -=,=l (Dhu al Dhu al Dhu al Dhu al- -- -Hulayfah Hulayfah Hulayfah Hulayfah) ) ) ) - The fiist set point is known as Dhu al-Hulayfah.` This is the point
of the people of Medina and any pilgiim who passes thiough Medina even if he is not one of its
inhabitants.
2. -==>l ( -==>l ( -==>l ( -==>l (Al Al Al Al- -- -Juhfah Juhfah Juhfah Juhfah) ) ) ) - The point of the people of Egypt and the Sham (i.e. Palestine, Joidan, Basia,
and Syiia) is called Al-Juhfah.`
3. _ =l ( _ =l ( _ =l ( _ =l (Dhatu Qain Dhatu Qain Dhatu Qain Dhatu Qain) ) ) ) - The point of the people of the Na|d is Dhatu Qain.`
4. = =l ( = =l ( = =l ( = =l (Dhatu Iiq Dhatu Iiq Dhatu Iiq Dhatu Iiq) ) ) ) - The set point foi the people of Iiaq is Dhatu Iiq.`
5. ,=, ( ,=, ( ,=, ( ,=, (Yalaml Yalaml Yalaml Yalamlam am am am) ) ) ) - The set point foi the people of Yemen is called Yalamlam.`


As foi the set point with ielation to time, it can be defined as that peiiod within which it is possible foi one that peiiod within which it is possible foi one that peiiod within which it is possible foi one that peiiod within which it is possible foi one
to entei the state of ihiam foi Ha|| and iemain in it until he completes t to entei the state of ihiam foi Ha|| and iemain in it until he completes t to entei the state of ihiam foi Ha|| and iemain in it until he completes t to entei the state of ihiam foi Ha|| and iemain in it until he completes the iites theieof. he iites theieof. he iites theieof. he iites theieof.

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The set point with ielation to time begins at the outset of the month of Shauwal (aftei Ramadan), and ends
at dawn on the Day of Saciifice duiing the month of Dhu al-Hi||ah (the month of Ha||).











Ihiam fiom Mecca -= = ,l=/l -= = ,l=/l -= = ,l=/l -= = ,l=/l

If someone is a peimanent oi tempoiaiy iesident
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of Mecca, it is iecommended that he entei the state of
ihiam foi Ha|| fiom the Sacied Mosque.

If theie is time foi the tempoiaiy iesident to go out to his set point (miqat), he should do so if he can.

Whoevei enteis ihiam befoie his paiticulai set point has committed an offense and must do a saciifice.

And whoevei`s home is between Mecca and the miqat, his home becomes his miqat.



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The tempoiaiy iesident - ,,=l ,,=l ,,=l ,,=l - is the one who at one time en|oyed the status of being a tiavelei as a iesult of not
being settled in a paiticulai place foi at least 4 days (oi 20 piayeis) oi didn`t have the intention of being theie foi such a
peiiod.