1.

0)INTRODUCTION

Open source is a set of principles and practices that promote access to the production and design process for various goods, products, resources and
technical conclusions or advice. The term is most commonly applied to the source code of software that is made available to the general public with relaxed
or non-existent intellectual property restrictions. This allows users to create user-generated software content through incremental individual effort or
through collaboration.
Open source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content. The term open source
software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free software.Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may
also mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware.Software is a general term used to describe a collection of
computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system. Software includes websites, programs that are coded
by programming languages like C, C++.

2.0)THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE


2.1)MEANING OF OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is
available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and redistribute the
modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works
better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface.

2.2)EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

EXAMPLE 1:Linux 3.1.5.4

Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more
computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such
as mainframe computers and supercomputers.As of June 2013, more than 95% of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant
of Linux including all the 44 fastest. Linux also runs on embedded systems, which are devices whose operating system is typically built into the
firmware and is highly tailored to the system; this includes mobile phones,tablet computers, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions
[24][25]

and video game consoles. Android, which is a widely used operating system for mobile devices, is built on top of the Linux kernel.
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration. The underlyingsource code may be used,
modified, and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically, Linux is
packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian, Ubuntu,
Linux Mint, Fedora, Arch Linux, and the commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Linux distributions include the Linux
kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfill the distribution's intended use.
A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include X11 or Wayland as the windowing system, and an accompanyingdesktop environment
such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation. Some such distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xfce, for use
on older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the standard install, and instead
include other software to set up and operate a solution stacksuch as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for
any intended use.
EXAMPLE 2:FREEBSD 6.2
FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via BSD. Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot use the
Unix trademark, it is a direct descendant of BSD, which was historically also called "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix.Due to its permissive
licensing terms, much of FreeBSD's code base has become an integral part of other operating systems such as Juniper JUNOS and Apple's
OS X.FreeBSD is the most widely used open-source BSD distribution, accounting for more than three-quarters of all installed systems
running open-source BSD derivatives.
FreeBSD is a complete operating system the kernel, device drivers, and all of the userland utilities, such as the shell, are held in the same
source code revision tracking tree. (This is in contrast to Linux distributions, for which the kernel, userland utilities, and applications are
developed separately, and then packaged together in various ways by others.) Third-party application software may be installed using
various software installation systems, the two most common being source installation and package installation, both of which use the
FreeBSD Ports system.

3.0)THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

3.1)MEANING OF OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other
rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the
software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is
available within the public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source
application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open
content movements. The term open source application softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software.