EXPERIMENT PF: FLOW VISUALISATION

Joshua Mamouney
2261122
Thu!s"ay 2PM
OBJECTIVE
The object of the present experiment is to demonstrate the change in the law of resistance and to establish the critical
value of Re. Measurements of i in the laminar region may be used to find the coefficient of viscosity, and
measurements in the turbulent region may be used to find the friction factor.
PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS:
The following questions need to be done prior to attending the practical session.
1. ater at !"
o
# is pumped through a pipe $% & 1" cm' at a rate of !(.!) m
*
+h. ,s the flow laminar or turbulent-
!. Rewrite the .agen/0oiseuille equation in a linear form so that ln$i' can be expressed as a function of ln$V' 1ther
quantities in the equation can be considered as constant.
RESULTS
1# $om%&e'e 'he (o&&o)*n+ 'a,&e
2ll data must be in 3, units.

#olumn $*'4
t
V
V =

#olumn $5'4 #onvert h.g into equivalent hw using h.g67.g&hw67w

where 7.g and 7w are densities of .g and water, respectively.
where h.g and hw are head loss expressed in .g and water, respectively.

#olumn $8'4 .ydraulic gradient

L
h
i
w
=

#olumn $)'4
A
V
v

= where 2 is the cross/sectional area of pipe.
#olumn $1' $!' $*' $5' $8' $)' $9' $('
Measurement t :
V

hw i v lni lnv
s m
*
m
*
+s m / m+s / /
1 )" 1.);/5 !.)9;/) "."( ".18* ".*9( /1.(( /".<9*
! )" !.(8;/5 5.98;/) ".1* ".!5( ".)9! /1.*< /".*<9
* )" *.*;/5 8.8;/) ".1)8 ".*18 ".99( /1.1) /".!81
5 )" *.98;/5 ).!8;/) ".!* ".5*< ".((5 /".(!* /".1!*
8 )" 5.88;/5 9.8(;/) ".*5 ".)5< 1."9 /".5*! ".")(
) )" 8.!;/5 (.)9;/) ".558 ".(5< 1.!* /".1)5 ".!"9
9 *" ).);/5 !.!;/8 !.(8) 8.58 *.11 1.9" 1.1*
( *" 8.(;/5 1.<*;/8 !.19) 5.18 !.9* 1.5! 1.""
< *" 8."8;/5 1.)(;/8 1.9" *.!5 !.*( 1.1( ".()9
1" *" 5.1;/5 1.*9;/8 1.!!5 !.*5 1.<5 ".(8" ".))*
11 *" !.(;/5 <.**;/) ".)1! 1.19 1.*! ".189 ".!9(
1! *" !.*8;/5 9.(*;/) ".5"( ".99< 1.11 /".!8" ".1"5
2# Pa!' a:
0lot ln$i' vs. ln$v' on the following page. =ote that the slope of ln$i' vs. ln$v' in the laminar region will be less than
that in the turbulent region. >rom the intercept of the linearised .agen/0oiseuille equation for laminar region
$preliminary question !', determine the viscosity ?. 3how your calculation and discuss your results in the following
space4
-# Pa!'s , an" .:
@se the %arcy/eisbach equation to determine the friction factor. 2lso determine the Reynolds number based on
the value of ? found earlier. Aocate your results on the Moody chart and discuss your results.
Measurement f Re
1
!
*
5
8
)
9
(
<
1"
11
1!
/# Pa!' ":
%etermine the transitional velocity vt and transitional Re from the intersection of the ! trendlines. %iscuss your
findings.
Moo"y $ha!' (o! !oun" %*%es