Comparative Law: The Islamic Legal System

American University Washington College of Law

Professor Mohamed Mattar
Spring 2012
Course Description:
Unlike the American legal system, which is secular, the Islamic legal system is of a religious nature
Islam is !oth a religion and a social order As such, it comprises rules concerning de"otional
o!ligations as well as rules regulating ci"il and commercial relations According to Islamic !eliefs,
these two types of rules are of a di"ine origin #he origins of Islamic law, its sources, and "arious
schools of Islamic $urisprudence will !e discussed as an introduction to the course
#he course will e%plore se"eral su!stanti"e areas of Islamic law, including& constitutional law'
!anking law and insurance' international law' crimes and punishments' marriage, di"orce, and child
custody' and succession and wills #hese areas will !e e%amined through a study of "arious cases
where Islamic law has !een de!ated in American courts #he course will also focus on human rights
in the Islamic legal tradition and in the contemporary Islamic world, especially in countries of the
Middle (ast )oncepts of human rights, women*s rights, and minority rights in Islam will !e
analy+ed in light of international human rights standards Students will participate in de!ates in
which they will approach different pro!lems representing different schools of the Islamic legal
thought
#he 11 pro$ects will pro"ide the !asis for class discussions Students will !e asked to choose a !ook
on Islam, Muslims, and the ,est that was pu!lished after -.11 /see enclosed list0 and write a 101
page !ook re"iew which is due the last day of the e%am period
Suggested Reading Materials for Overall Course:
1 )oulson, 2oel 3, A History of Islamic Law, 2011
2 4eldman, 2oah, The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State, 2010
5 A*la Maududi, S A!ul, Islamic Law and Constittion, 1--2 /4ree download a"aila!le at&
http&..www6uranenglishcom.!ooks.#he720Islamic7208aw7209720)onstitutionpdf0
: Mayer, Ann (li+a!eth, Islam and Hman Rights! Tradition and "olitics, :th ed, 200;
< =amadan, #ari6, Western #slims and the Ftre of Islam, 2005
; Schacht, 3oseph, Introdction to Islamic Law, 1-;:
1
Syllaus:
!" Introduction #$an !%&
'asic Concepts:
>"er"iew of sylla!us' discussion of reading materials' the general characteristics of Islam as a
di"ine law' the place of the Islamic legal system in the legal family 1 a comparati"e analysis
(ssigned Materials:
S A!ul A*la Maududi, Islamic Law and Constittion /1--20, )hapter ;& 4irst Principles of
the Islamic State, p 202 ? 2<2
3ohn 3 @onohue and 3ohn 8 (sposito, Islam in Transition! #slim "ers$ectives /1-A20
(%cerpts&
o Basan al Canna, #he 2ew =enaissance, p DA ? A5
o Sayyid Eut!, Social 3ustice in Islam, p 125 ? 12A
o 2a$i! Mahfu+, @e!ate on the Application of the Shari*a in (gypt, p 25- ? 2:0
o FA!d Al1Balim Mahmud, @e!ate on the Application of the Shari*a in (gypt, p 2:1 ?
2:2
o Gaki 2a$i! Mahmud, @e!ate on the Application of the Shari*a in (gypt, p2:5 ? 2:<
(lkhati! " @unkin @onuts, :-5 45d A2D /200D0
2at Hroup for )omm and )omputers 8td " 8ucent #echnologies Int*l Inc, 551 4 Supp
2d 2-0 /200:0
%" )ature and Sources of Islamic Law #$an !*&

'asic Concepts:
Primary and secondary sources of law /Euran, Sunnah, )onsensus and Analogy0' the process of
system1!uilding in Islamic law
(ssigned Materials:
)herif Cassiouni 9 Hamal M Cadr, #he Shari*ah& Sources, Interpretation, and =ule1
Making, 1 U)8A 3 Islamic 9 2ear (8 15< /20020
Ali Ihan, Islam as Intellectual Property JMy 8ordK Increase Me in Inowledge,L 51 )um!
8 =e" ;51 /2000120010
+" Interpretation of the Islamic Te,t #$an %-&
'asic Concepts
#he theory of interpretation' Islamic $urisprudence' Islamic schools of law /Banafi, Maliki, ShaifMi
and the Ban!ali schools0
(ssigned Materials:
Cernard ,eiss, Interpretation in Islamic 8aw& #he #heory of I$tihad, 2; Am 3 )omp 8
1-- /1-DA0
2
Salah1(ldin A!del1,ahha!, Meaning and Structure of 8aw in Islam, 1; Nand 8 =e"
/1-;20
2a+eem M I Hoolam, I$tihad and Its Significance for Islamic 8egal Interpretation, Mich
St 8 =e" 1::5 /200;0
.ro/ect !:
Prepare an analysis of a fatwa issued !y an Islamic scholar on the Islamic "iew of a contemporary
social, political, or economic issue e%amining its sources and reasoning
0" Islamic Constitutional Law #1e %&
'asic Concepts:
#he principle of non1separation of state and religion in the Islamic legal system /the esta!lishment
clause0' the relationship !etween Islamic Shari*a and the constitutional pro"isions /the supremacy
clause0' the independence of the $udicial authority and the relationship !etween the e%ecuti"e and
the legislati"e !ranches of go"ernment' does Islamic law recogni+e the theory of separation of
powersO
(ssigned Materials:
Mohamed P Mattar, Unresol"ed Euestions in the Cill of =ights of the 2ew Ira6i
)onstitution& Bow ,ill the )lash Cetween JBuman =ightsL and JIslamic 8awL !e
=econciled in 4uture 8egislati"e (nactments and 3udicial InterpretationsO 50 4ordham Int*l
8 3 12; /200;0
)lark C 8om!ardi 9 2athan 3 Crown, @o )onstitutions =e6uiring Adherence to Shari*a
#hreaten Buman =ightsO Bow (gypt*s )onstitutional )ourt =econciles Islamic 8aw with
the 8i!eral =ule of 8aw, 21 Am U Int*l 8 =e" 5D- /200;0
S A!ul A*la Maududi, Islamic Law and Constittion /1--20, )hapter D& 4undamentals of
Islamic )onstitution, p 2<5 ? 2D1
A Michael #ara+i, Saudi Ara!ia*s 2ew Casic 8aws& #he Struggle for Participatory Islamic
Ho"ernment, 5: Bar" Int*l 8 3 2<A /1--50
A #e%t of the 1-D- )onstitution of the Islamic =epu!lic of Iran
.ro/ect %:
Present a memorandum on comparati"e constitutionalism e%plaining the influence of Islamic law on
a constitution of your choice
2" Islamic Law in (merican Courts: Rights of Muslim Inmates to Religious 1reedom
#1e *&
'asic Concepts:
#he !ill of rights in Islamic law' rights of Muslim prison inmates and the constitutional freedom of
religion
A!dulhasee! " )al!one, ;00 45d 1501 /20100
Crown " =ay, 2010 US @ist 8(QIS 1D5;5 /20100
5
8eonard " State of 8ouisiana, 2010 US @ist 8(QIS 51A-2 /20100
8ewis " >llison, <D1 4 Supp 2d 11;2 /200A0
A+u+allah " @ipaolo, 15A 4 Supp 2d -- /20010
Mack " >*8eary, A0 4 5d 11D< /1--;0
8ewis " Scott, -10 4 Supp 2A2 /1--<0
@ara! " US, ;25 A2d 12D /1--50
Petition for Iassas, DAA 4 Supp --5 /1--20
(6ual >pportunity (mployment )ommission " =eads, D<- 4 Supp 11<0 /1--10
>*8one " (state of Sha!a++, :A2 US 5:2 /1-AD0
A!dullah " Iinnison, D;- 4 2d 5:< /1-A<0
Al Shakir " )arlson, ;0< 4 Supp 5D: /1-A:0
=i"era " Smith, ;5 2P 2d <01, :D2 2( 2d 101< /1-A:0
,ilson " Ceame, 5A0 4 Supp 1252 /1-D:0
.ro/ect +:
Su!mit a summary of one of the cases mentioned a!o"e e%plaining the facts of the case and the
!alancing test adopted !y the court in reaching its conclusions
-" Islamic Theory of Crimes and .unishment #1e !-&
'asic Concepts:
)ategories of criminal acts /Budud offenses, Euesas crimes, and #aa+ir0' classification of Budud
offenses /theft, adultery and fornication, defamation, highway ro!!ery, use of alcohol, apostasy and
re!ellion0' Al1Euesas /death penalty0' the conditions of implementation' honor killings' mercy
killing and the right to die' destruction of the un!orn child' trafficking in persons, especially women
and children
(ssigned Materials:
Mohamed P Mattar, Com%ating Traffic&ing in "ersons in Accordance with the "rinci$les of
Islamic Law, U2>@) /200-0
Anthony )hase, 8egal Huardians& Islamic 8aw, International 8aw, Buman =ights 8aw and
the Salman =ushdie Affair, 11 Am U 3 Int*l 8 9 Pol*y /1--;0
Bossein (smaeili 9 3eremy Hansast, Islamic 8aw Across )ultural Corders& #he
In"ol"ement of ,estern 2ationals In Saudi Murder #rials, 2A @en" 3 Int*l 8 9 Pol*y 1:<
/20000
Iathryn )hristine Arnold, Are the Perpetrators of Bonor Iillings Hetting Away with
MurderO Article 5:0 of the 3ordan Penal )ode Analy+ed Under the )on"ention on the
(limination of All 4orms of @iscrimination Against ,omen, 1; Am U Int*l 8 =e" 15:5
/20010
2icholas Harces, Islam, #ill @eath @o Pou PartO =ethinking Apostasy 8aws under Islamic
8aw and International 8egal >!ligations, 1; Sw 3 Int*l 8 22- /20100
.ro/ect 0:
Present a list of recommendations on how the general principles of the Islamic religion may !e used
to com!at the crime of human trafficking
:
3" Islamic 'an4ing and Insurance #1e %+&
'asic Concepts:
4reedom of contract' formation of contract' frustration of contracts' economic hardship' termination
of contract' the Islamic economic order' =i!a /unlawful ad"antage !y way of e%cess or deferment0'
the financial system !ased on Islamic ethics /Musharaka, Mura!aha, I$ara, Eard hasan, Mudara!a0'
the prospects for success of an Islamic Canking system' insurance& is it a "alid contract under
Islamic 8awO
(ssigned Materials:
Cilal Ihan 9 (mir Aly )rowne1Mohammed, #he Nalue of Islamic Canking in the )urrent
4inancial )risis, 2- =e" Canking 9 4in 8 ::1 /20100
Car!ara 8 Seniwski, =i!a #oday& Social (6uality, the (conomy and @oing Cusiness Under
Islamic 8aw, 5- )olum 3 #ransnat*l 8 D01 /20010
Appendi% 1R4ederal 8aw 2o ;11-A< on Islamic Canks, 4inancial Institutions and
In"estment )ompanies' Appendi% 2R@u!ai Islamic Cank Promises to Purchase )ontract
)hafic 2ehme, )redit )ards and Islamic 8aw, Middle (ast (%ecuti"e =eports /3uly 1--<0
Bossein Mahda"i 2a$ma!adi, JProposal for a Modified Model of Musharakh 4inancing,
with (mphasis on Iran,L Ara! 8aw Euarterly 2A2 /1---0
Ahmed A Al1Hhadyan, JInsurance& #he Islamic Perspecti"e and its @e"elopment in Saudi
Ara!ia,L Ara! 8aw Euarterly 552 /1---0
.ro/ect 2:
)hoose an e%ample of an Islamic !ank and write a description of the forms of Islamic !anking used
!y this !ank
5" Islamic 1amily Law: Marriage #Mar !&
'asic Concepts:
Marriage' dowry agreements' polygamy' pro!lems of reforming the personal status law in
contemporary Middle (astern legal systems
(ssigned Materials:
#e%t of #he United Ara! @raft 8aw for Personal Status
#amilla 4 Hhodsi, #ying a Slipknot& #emporary Marriages in Iran, 1< Mich 3 Int*l 8 ;:<
/1--:0
(mily 8 #hompson 9 4 Soniya Punus, )hoice of 8aws or )hoice of )ulture& Bow ,estern
2ations #reat the Islamic Marriage )ontract in @omestic )ourts, 2< ,is Int*l 8 3 5;1
/200D0
=ahman " Bossain, 8(QIS 152; /20100
@a$ani " @a$ani, 20D )al App 5d 15AD /1-AA0
A+i+ " A+i+, :AA 2P S 2d 125 /1-A<0
.ro/ect -:
<
(%plain the concepts of early marriage, arranged marriage, and temporary marriage in light of the
"arious schools of Islamic $urisprudence
*" Islamic 1amily Law: Divorce and Child Custody #Mar 5&
'asic Concepts:
3udicial and non1$udicial di"orce' parental rights and the issue of adoption' community property'
child custody rules in Islamic law& are they applica!le in American courtsO
(ssigned Materials:
Alan =eed, #ransnational 2on13udicial @i"orces& A )omparati"e Analysis of =ecognition
Under (nglish and US 3urisprudence, 1A 8oy 8A Int*l and )omp 8 3 511 /1--;0
Monica ( Benderson, US State )ourt =e"iew of Islamic 8aw )ustody @ecrees1,hen
Islamic )ustody @ecrees in the )hild*s Cest InterestO 5; 3 4am 8 :25 /1--D1-A0
In the Mattar of Sonia =amadan and Samer =amadan, A-1 A2d 11A; /200;0
Bosain " Malik, 10A Md App 2A:, ;D1 A 2d -AA /1--;0
Ali " Ali, 2D- 23 Super 1<:, ;<2 Ad 2<5 /1--:0
.ro/ect 3:
,rite a !rief on the reasons gi"en !y American $udges on American courts refusing the recognition
of Islamic child custody rules
!6" Islamic Law and 7uman Rights: 8omen9s Rights #Mar %%&
'asic Concepts:
,omen as (6uals in Islam' personal status laws in contemporary Islamic )odes' the Euranic "iew
of gender relations' marital consent and the right of women to contract her own marriage' dowry'
marriage' polygamy' the right of the wife to initiate di"orce' maintenance' the right to education'
right to employment' right to inheritance
(ssigned Materials:
Adamantia Pollis and Peter Scwa!, editors Hman Rights ' (ew "ers$ectives, (ew
Realitites /20000, )hapter :& !y Gehra 4 Arat, ,omen*s =ights in Islam& =e"isiting Euranic
=ights, p ;- ? -5
)hristie S ,arren, 8ifting the Neil& ,omen and Islamic 8aw, 1< )ardo+o 3 8 9 Hender 55
/200A0
A+i+ah al1Bi!ri, Islam, 8aw and )ustom& =edefining Muslim ,omen*s =ights, 12 Am U 3
Int*l 8 9 Pol*y 1 /1--D0
Gaina! )haudhry, #he Myth of Misogyny& A =eanalysis of ,omen*s Inheritance in Islamic
8aw, ;1 Al! 8 =e" <11 /1--D0
Charathi Anandhi Nenktraman, Islamic States and the United 2ations )on"ention on the
(limination of All 4orms of @iscrimination Against ,omen& Are the Shari*a and the
)on"ention )ompati!leO, :: Am U 8 =e" 1-:- /1--<0
.ro/ect 5:
;
,rite a memorandum on the e%tent of compliance of Islamic family law with international family
law
!!" Islamic Law and 7uman Rights: International 7uman Rights #Mar %*&
'asic Concepts:
International Buman =ights Standards' the concept of Buman =ights in Islamic 8aw' relati"ism "
uni"ersalism' is international human rights law compati!le with Islamic lawO' the right to political
asylum on the !asis of fear of persecution' con"ersion from Islam to )hristianity
(ssigned Materials:
Ann (li+a!eth Mayer, Islam and Hman Rights! Tradition and "olitics /1---0, )hapter A&
4reedom of =eligion in Islamic Buman =ights Schemes
Isha Ihan, Islamic Buman =ights& Islamic 8aw and International Buman =ights Standards,
< Appeal D: /1---0
3anem " Mukasey, 2-< 4ed App% A- /200A0
Syed " Mukasy, 2AA 4ed App% 2D5 /200A0
I+6uierdo " )rawford, 200D US @ist 8(QIS D1;0A /200D0
=ehman " Hon+ale+, 2:5 4ed App% ;:D /200D0
Suherwanto " Attorney Heneral of the United States, 250 4ed App% 211 /200D0
Candari " I2S, 22D 4 5d 11;0 /20000
)heai! " I2S, US App /1---0
(l Badi " I2S, US App /1---0
4isher " I2S, D- 4 5d -<< /1--;0
A!edini " I2S, -D1 4 2d 1AA /1--20
Castaniour " I2S, -A0 4 2d 112- /1--20
Saleh " US, -;2 4 2d 25: /1--20
(lnager " I2S, -50 4 2d DA: /1--10
.ro/ect *:
,rite a memo e%plaining arguments that may !e made !y a Muslim filing a law suit asking for
political asylum in the United States
!%" Islamic Law and 7uman Rights: Minority Rights #(pr 2&
'asic Concepts:
=eligious dissidents under Islamic law' religious discrimination and the rights of non1Muslims'
foreign workers in Saudi Ara!ia& does the American law applyO' the rights of )optics in (gypt
(ssigned Materials:
Ann (li+a!eth Mayer, Islam and Hman Rights! Tradition and "olitics /1---0, )hapter D&
Islamic Buman =ights Schemes and 2on1Muslims
@onna ( Ar+t, Beroes or Beretics& =eligious @issidents Under Islamic 8aw, 1: ,is Int*l 8
3 5:- /1--;0
D
3ames @a"id Phipps, Iiss of @eath& Application of #itle NII*s Prohi!ition Against =eligious
@iscrimination in the Iingdom of Saudi Ara!ia, CPU 8 = 5-- /1--:0
Scott Ient Crown II, #he )optic )hurch in (gypt& A )omment on Protecting =eligious
Minorities from 2on1State @iscrimination, CPU 8 = 10:- /20000
(6ual (mployment >pportunity )ommission " A=M)>, :-- US 2:: /1--10
A!rams " Caylor )ollege of Medicine, A0< 4 2d <AA /1-A;0
Iern " @ynalectron )orporation, <DD 4 Supp 11-; /1-A50
American 3ewish )ongress " )arter, 215 2PS 2d ;0 /1-;10
.ro/ect !6:
@iscuss a country report issued !y the US State @epartment in accordance with the International
=eligious 4reedom Act
!+" Islamic International Law #(pr !%&
'asic Concepts:
Siyar and the classic Islamic law of nations' modern sources of international law, particularly
treaties, customary international law, and the general principles of law recogni+ed !y ci"ili+ed
nations' international humanitarian law and Islamic law of war' ius ad !ellum, 3ihad, and the
concept of $ust war
3ames )ockayne, Islam and International Bumanitarian 8aw& 4rom a )lash to a
)on"ersation Cetween )i"ili+ations, A: Int*l =e" =ed )ross <-D /20020
)hristopher A 4ord, Siyar1i+ation and its @iscontents& International 8aw and Islam*s
)onstitutional )risis, 50 #e% Int*l 8 3 :-- /1--<0
)lark C 8om!ardi, Islamic 8aw in the 3urisprudence of the International )ourt of 3ustice&
An Analysis, A )hi 3 IntMl 8 A< /200D0
Shaheen Sardar Ali 9 3a"aid =ehman, #he )oncept of 3ihad in Islamic International law, 10
3 )onflict 9 Security 8 521 /200<0
@a"id A ,est!rook, Islamic International 8aw and Pu!lic International 8aw& Separate
(%pressions of ,orld >rder, 55 Na 3 IntMl 8 A1- /1--50
.ro/ect !!:
@iscuss the meaning of 3ihad as interpreted !y contemporary Muslim mo"ements today
!0" Class .resentations #(pr !*&
A
'oo4s on Islam: Muslims: and the 8est .ulished (fter *;!!
)* A!do, Hene"ie"e /200D0 #ecca and #ain Street! #slim Life in America after +,)) >%ford
Uni"ersity Press
-* A!ou (l 4adl, Ihaled /200<0 The .reat Theft! Wrestling Islam from the /0tremists San
4ransisco, )A, Barper
1* A!ou (l 4adl, Ihaled /200:0 Islam and the Challenge of 2emocracy Princeton& Princeton
Uni"ersity Press
3* Ak!ar, Ahmed /200A0 4orney into Islam! the Crisis of .lo%ali5ation Crookings Institution
Press
6* Ali, Birsi /200A0 Infidel, 4ree Press
7* Ali, Birsi /20100 (omad! From Islam to America! A "ersonal 4orney Throgh the Clash of
Civili5ations 4ree Press
8* Allawi, Ali 8 /20100 The Crisis of Islamic Civili5atio, Pale Uni"ersity Press
9* Ayoo!, Mohammed /200D0 The #any Faces of "olitical Islam! Religion and "olitics in the
#slim World Uni"ersity of Michigan Press
+* Ayou!, Mahmoud, >mar, Irfan A A #slim :iew ;f Christianity! /ssays on 2ialoge >r!is
Cooks
)<* Carrett, Paul M /200D0 American Islam! The Strggle for the Sol of a Religion Picador
))* Cawer, Cruce /200;0 Srrender! A$$easing Islam, Sacrificing Freedom Anchor
)-* Cawer, Cruce /200D0 While /ro$e Sle$t! How Radical Islam is 2estroying the West from
Within Anchor
)1* Cen$amin, @aniel /20050 The Age of Sacred Terror! Radical Islam=s War Against America
=andom Bouse #rade Paper!acks
)3* Clankely, #ony /200;0 The West=s Last Chance! Will We Win the Clash of Civili5ations> =egnery
Press
)6* Conner, Michael /200A0 4ihad in Islamic History! 2octrines and "ractice Princeton Uni"ersity
Press
)7* Conney, =ichard /200A0 False "ro$hets! The ?Clash of Civili5ations? and the .lo%al War on
Terror Peter 8ang >%ford
)8* Cooker, =ichard /200A0 Radical Islam=s War Against Israel, Christianity and the West @estiny
Image
)9* Costom, Andrew H /200A0 The Legacy of 4ihad! Islamic Holy War and the Fate of (on@
#slims Prometheus Cooks
)+* )aldwell, )hristopher /20100 Reflections on the Revoltion In /ro$e! Immigration, Islam and
the West Anchor
-<* )arroll, 3ill /200D0 A 2ialoge of Civili5ations #ughra Cooks
-)* )esari, 3ocelyn /20100 #slims in the West after +,))! Religion, "olitics and Law ARotledge
Stdies in Li%erty and SecrityB, =outledge
-
--* )esari, 3ocelyn /200;0 When Islam and 2emocracy #eet! #slims in /ro$e and in the United
States Palgra"e Macmillan
-1* )herif, Mustapha, 4agan, #eresa 8a"ender, Corradori, Hio"anna /200A0 Islam and the West! A
Conversation with 4acCes 2errida AReligion and "ostmodernism SeriesB Uni"ersity >f
)hicago Press
-3* )ole, 3uan /20100 /ngaging the #slim World Palgra"e Macmillan
-6* )ook, @a"id /200-0 Understanding 4ihad, )alifornia Uni"ersity Press
-7* )o%, )aroline, Marks, 3on /200;0 West, Islam D Islamism! Is Ideological Islam Com$ati%le
With Li%eral 2emocracy> )i"itas
-8* )rimp, Susan, =ichardson, 3oel /200A0 Why We Left Islam! Former #slims S$ea& ;t ,2@
Cooks
-9* @arwish, 2onie /200-0 Crel and Usal "nishment! The Terrifying .lo%al Im$lications of
Islamic Law, #homas 2elson
-+* @a"is, Hregory M /200;0 Religion of "eace>! Islam=s War Against the World ,orld Ahead
Pu!lishing
1<* @eliso, )hristopher /200D0 The Coming Eal&an Cali$hate! The Threat of Radical Islam to
/ro$e and the West Praeger
1)* @onner, 4red M /20100 #hammad and the Eelievers! At the ;rigins of Islam Celknap Press of
Bar"ard Uni"ersity Press
1-* @onohue, 3ohn 3, (sposito 3ohn 8 /200;0 Islam in Transition! #slim "ers$ectives >%ford
Uni"ersity Press, USA
11* @reyfuss, =o!ert /200;0 2evil=s .ame! How the United States Hel$ed Unleash Fndamentalist
Islam Metropolitan Cooks
13* (sposito, 3ohn /20100 The Ftre of Islam, >%ford Uni"ersity Press
16* (sposito, 3ohn /20050 The Unholy War! Terror in the (ame of Islam, >%ford Uni"ersity Press
17* (sposito, 3ohn /20020 What /veryone (eeds to Fnow a%ot Islam, >%ford Uni"ersity Press
18* (sposito, 3ohn, Mogahed, @alia /200A0 Who S$ea&s for Islam> What a Eillion #slims Really
Thin&, Hallup Press
19* (wing, Iatherine Pratt /200A0 Eeing and Eelonging! #slims in the United States Since +,))
=ussell Sage 4oundation Pu!lications
1+* 4ederer, ,illiam /200D0 What /very American (eeds to Fnow A%ot the Gr=an @ A History of
Islam D the United States Amerisearch, Inc
3<* 4eldman, 2oah /20100 The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State "rinceton University "ress
3)* 4et+er, 3oel S, Soper, 3 )hristopher /200:0 #slims and the State in Eritain, France, and
.ermany ACam%ridge Stdies in Social Theory, Religion and "oliticsB )am!ridge Uni"ersity
Press
3-* 4uller, Hraham ( /20100 A World Withot Islam, 8ittle, Crown, and )o
31* Ha!riel, #heodore, Baddad, P"onne, Hea"es, =on , P"onne Baddad /200:0 Islam And The West
"ost@Se$tem%er ))
th
Ashgate Pu!lishing
10
33* Herges A 4awa+ /200D0 4orney of the 4ihadist! Inside #slim #ilitancy Mariner Cooks
36* Hriswold, (li+a /20100 The Tenth "arallel! 2is$atches from the Falt Line Eetween
Christianity and Islam 4arrar, Straus and Hirou%
37* Bamid, #awfik /200A0 Inside 4ihad! Understanding and Confronting Radical Islam A!delhamid
38* Bardy, =oger /20100 The #slim Revolt! A 4orney Throgh "olitical Islam )olum!ia
Uni"ersity Press
39* Barris, 8ee /200A0 The Sicide of Reason! Radical Islam=s Threat to the West, Casic Cooks
3+* Billen!rand, )arole /200A0 The Crsades! Islamic "ers$ectives (din!urgh Uni"ersity Press
6<* Bunter, Shereen, Malik, Buma /200<0 Islam and Hman Rights! Advancing a U*S* @#slim
2ialoge )enter for Strategic 9 International Studies
6)* Ismael, #are6 /20100 Islam in the /yes of the West! Images and Realities in an Age of Terror
A2rham #odern #iddle /ast and Islamic World SeriesB =outledge
6-* 3ohnson, =oss /200A0 Commnicating With the World of Islam Boo"er Institution Press
61* Iepel, Hillis /200;0 The War for #slim #inds! Islam and the West, Celknap Press of Bar"ard
Uni"ersity Press
63* Iepnes, Ste"en, Ioshul, Casit Cilal /200D0 Scri$tre, Reason, and the Contem$orary Islam@
West /nconter! Stdying the ?;ther,? Understanding the ?Self? Palgra"e Macmillan
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7)* Malik, Iftikhar /20050 Islam and #odernity! #slims in /ro$e and the United States Pluto
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