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Author: Anonymous
Language: Portuguese
(NOVA EDI��O)
DEPOSIT�RIOS
Lopes & C.^a Suc.^{or}--119, Rua do Almada, 123
Magalh�es & Moniz--Largo dos Loios, 11-14
P�rto--1915
SCI�NCIAS NATURAIS
[Figura: Animais]
[Figura: Vegetais]
[Figura: Minerais]
[Figura: Lente]
III
[Figura: Gravidade]
[Figura: Electricidade]
[Figura: Iman]
10.--Os efeitos do _magnetismo_ s�o os mesmos da electricidade.
[Figura: Magnetismo]
[Figura: Som]
[Figura: Luz]
IV
2.--A *Terra*, que atrai todos os corpos que nela existem, � tamb�m
atra�da pelo *sol*, astro mais poderoso do que ela, porque os astros
atraem-se uns aos outros. Assim, a *lua*, porque � 49 vezes menor que a
terra, � atra�da por esta.
[Figura: Astros]
6.--Chama-se *fio de prumo* o fio que tem num dos extremos um corpo
pesado que se deixa em liberdade.
*Combust�o e chama.--Term�metros*
[Figura: Calor]
[Figura: Combust�o]
8.--O *carv�o de pedra* arde bem, d� bom calor, mas s�o precisas
chamin�s que expulsem bem os produtos da combust�o, prejudiciais �
sa�de. O _coque_ n�o tem _fumo_, nem _cheiro_, mas apaga-se f�cilmente.
11.--A *chama* tem a grande import�ncia de nos dar luz de noite, ou nas
velas, ou no petr�leo, ou no g�s de ilumina��o, etc.. Destas chamas deve
preferir-se a que menos fatigue a vista e a que menos corrompa o ar. A
luz da vela, e principalmente a do azeite, por ser mais fixa e
prefer�vel.
19.--As divis�es nas escalas est�o para cima e para baixo de zero. Os
graus acima de zero s�o _positivos_; os abaixo do zero _negativos_.
VI
2.--O *vapor* �, pois, o g�s que, proveniente dum l�quido aquecido at�
ferver, se eleva na atmosfera.
[Figura: Vaporiza��o]
[Figura: Ebuli��o]
Uma m�quina a vapor consta sempre de tr�s partes: _caldeira_, que gera o
vapor; _cilindro �co_, tubo que distribui �sse vapor, produzindo um
movimento rectil�neo; e _aparelho transmissor_, que faz a transmiss�o
d�sse movimento a v�rios maquinismos industriais. A _caldeira_ � um vaso
cil�ndrico a comunicar, por 2 tubos verticais, com dois cilindros
menores.
[Figura: Caldeira]
[Figura: Are�metro]
VII
4.--� o sol uma origem de calor. O fen�meno do calor, por �le produzido,
sem aquecer o espa�o que atravessa, tem o nome de _irradia��o_ e �sse
calor tem o nome de _radiante_.
5.--� *luminoso* todo o corpo que, como o sol, emite calor e luz;
*obscuro*, o que s� emite calor.
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|Mais absorventes e menos |Menos absorventes e mais |
|reflectoras |reflectoras |
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|Preta, violeta, anilada, azul-escura,|Branca, amarela, vermelha, verde,|
|verde, vermelha, |azul-escura, anilada, violeta, |
|amarela, branca. |preta. |
+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------+
[Figura: Suspens�rios]
11.--O uso do bom vestu�rio deve ser auxiliado pelo bom leito, limpo,
com colch�es de palha ou folhelho; as roupas renovadas com freq��ncia,
arejadas todos os dias e posto no lugar mais sa�davel e ventilado da
casa.
[Figura: Atmosfera]
[Figura: Nuvens]
[Figura: P�ra-raios]
[Figura: Vento]
[Figura: Tromba]
IX
[Figura: Tel�grafo]
[Figura: Telefone]
XI
1.--A *Luz* �, como dissemos, a f�r�a que nos permite ver e que ilumina
os corpos.
A luz pode ser _directa_ ou _difusa_, segundo ela nos vem directamente
do sol ou reflectida por outros corpos iluminados. � mudan�a de direc��o
que os raios luminosos sofrem, quando atravessam os corpos
transparentes, chama-se *refrac��o da luz*.
7.--O *arco-�ris* � um fen�meno luminoso, produzido pela luz do sol
s�bre uma nuvem que vai dar chuva.
[Figura: Arco-�ris]
XII
[Figura: Esqueleto]
[Figura: Cabe�a]
[Figura: A face]
[Figura: O tronco]
[Figura: M�sculos]
XIII
[Figura: Dentes]
3.--Os *incisivos* s�o 4 em cada maxila e est�o � frente. S�o os que
cortam o alimentos.
4.--Os *caninos* s�o 2 em cada maxila e est�o dum e doutro lado dos
_incisivos_. S�o os que despeda�am os alimentos.
[Figura: Dente]
XIV
A b�ca continua-se para tr�s e para baixo por meio dum tubo que vai ter
ao est�mago.
XV
[Figura: Ovos]
[Figura: Leite]
Se assim n�o f�r, � *impot�vel*. H� �guas que n�o devemos beber, sem
serem purificadas, porque podem ser g�rmens de doen�as graves, como o
_tifo_, a _c�lera_, etc.
XVI
1.--O _ar atmosf�rico_ � necess�rio, primeiro que tudo, porque sem �le
ninguem viveria. O _ar_ rodeia a terra.
3.--Para ser sa�d�vel � preciso que o ar seja puro, isto �, muito rico
de oxig�nio. Portanto, quando respiramos s� o �cido carb�nico que de n�s
e doutros corpos se exala, podemos morrer, ou pelo menos, adoecer
gravemente, pelo que � preciso ventilarmos bem as nossas habita��es.
[Figura: Alcoolismo]
XVII
[Figura: Cora��o]
[Figura: Corte do Cora��o]
[Figura: Escarrador]
XVIII
3.--� preciso, pois, o uso freq�ente dos _banhos gerais_, que podem ser
_frios_ ou _t�pidos_, e s� raras vezes _quentes_, porque debilitam muito
o organismo.
[Figura: Banhos]
6.--Devemos, al�m disso, lavar tr�s, quatro e mais vezes por dia a cara
e as m�os, e pelo menos uma ou duas vezes por semana os p�s.
FIM
�NDICE
I.--Mat�ria.--Corpo, etc. 5
V.--Combust�o e chama.--Term�metros 17
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