Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211

JAPAN and sexuality

First we need to defined sexuality for a better understanding on this topic, the dictionary define
sexuality as recognition of or emphasis upon sexual matters. and sex is defined as the instinct or
attraction drawing one sex toward another, or its manifestation in life and conduct., during this work
we are going to explore how Japanese was manage their sexuality that leads japan to be one of the
countries with less birth rate, but one of the consuming sexual toys top countries.

The number of single people has reached a record high. A survey in 2011 found that 61% of
unmarried men and 49% of women aged 18-34 were not in any kind of romantic relationship, a rise
of almost 10% from five years earlier. Another study found that a third of people under 30 had
never dated at all. (There are no figures for same-sex relationships.) Although there has long been a
pragmatic separation of love and sex in Japan a country mostly free of religious morals sex fares
no better. A survey earlier this year by the Japan Family Planning Association (JFPA) found that
45% of women aged 16-24 "were not interested in or despised sexual contact". More than a quarter
of men felt the same way.

Marriage has become a minefield of unattractive choices. Japanese men have become less career-
driven, and less solvent, as lifetime job security has waned. Japanese women have become more
independent and ambitious. Yet conservative attitudes in the home and workplace persist. Japan's
punishing corporate world makes it almost impossible for women to combine a career and family,
while children are unaffordable unless both parents work. Cohabiting or unmarried parenthood is
still unusual, dogged by bureaucratic disapproval.

If we use the Parks paradigm of the needs sexuality can be in the first and second stages, because it
is how people reproduce and can form the institution of family, but through the time the sexual
activities became a important part on above levels like , were the man that can have more sex with
different women show more power, and also women use the sexual activities as coin for get power.



History


For western culture the idea of Japanese prostitute is seem in the geisha style but formally geishas
are not prostitute, geisha was a woman trained in arts such as music and cultured conversation, who
was available for non-sexual interactions with her male client. The geisha fulfilled the non-sexual
social roles that ordinary women were prevented from fulfilling, and for this service they were well
paid. A geisha might have a patron with whom she enjoyed sexual intimacy, but this sexual role was
not part of her role or responsibility as a geisha.

But lets see how the prostitution has change during the history of Japan.


Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211
In 1617, the Tokugawa Shogunate issued an order restricting
prostitution to certain areas on the outskirts of cities, known
as yuukaku ( pleasure quarter), and women were received the
title of yuujo (women of pleasure). During this period the use
of prostitute was a successful industry but start to be a taboo
place. And also masters samurai cannot enter to these places
and also the prostitutes cannot go out of these quarters.

During these period where different local wars occurred in order to expand the lands of the shogun,
the women were training in different martial arts in order that they can defend their selfs and be able
to protect the castle when men go out to the battle field. Women that was captured as a result of an
attack, usually were sold for sexual activities. And became a reason of women prefer to commit
suicide than be capture and sold.

When Japan open their doors to western influences bring a lot of changes and how they look
prostitutes also changes, and start a women traffic between country and those girls get the name
Karayuki-san( Ms gone abroad). Many of the women who went overseas to work as karayuki-san
were the daughters of poor farming or fishing families. The mediators use the poverty of the family
in order to they can buy the girls and send it to other countries for working in a burdel. Most of
these girls died young from sexual illness

At the end of the Meji period was the golden age of women traffic to other countries. As Japan start
to gain more international influence and became a great power, the karayuki-san start to be seen as
shameful.

During the 1910s and 1920s, Japanese officials overseas worked hard to eliminate Japanese brothels
and maintain Japanese prestige. with not always with absolute success. Many karayuki-san returned
to Japan, but some remained.

After the world war II the Recreation and Amusement Association was formed in order to
organised the brothels to serve the allied army forces that was occupying Japan. On 19 August
1945, the Home Ministry ordered local government offices to establish a prostitution service for
Allied soldiers to preserve the "purity" of the "Japanese race. the main idea was that the foreigners
only have sex with prostitute in order to avoid births between foreigners and Japanese women.

SCAP abolished the licensed prostitution system (including the RAA) in 1946, which led to the so-
called akasen (({?, red line) system, under which licensed nightlife establishments offered sexual
services under the guise of being an ordinary club or cafe.

In 1947, Imperial Ordinance No. 9 punished persons for enticing women to act as prostitutes, but
prostitution itself remained legal.

On May 24, 1956, the Diet of Japan passed the Anti-Prostitution Law, which came into force in
April 1958. The Anti-Prostitution Law criminalised the act of committing sexual intercourse in
exchange for actual or promised compensation. This eliminated the "red line" and "blue line"
systems and allowed a number of paid sexual services to continue under "sexual entertainment"
regulations. The article number 3 establish "No person may either do prostitution or become the
customer of it," but no judicial penalty is defined for this act. Instead, the following are prohibited
Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211
on pain of penalty: soliciting for purposes of prostitution, procuring a person for prostitution,
coercing a person into prostitution, receiving compensation from the prostitution of others, inducing
a person to be a prostitute by paying an "advance," concluding a contract for making a person a
prostitute, furnishing a place for prostitution, engaging in the business of making a person a
prostitute, and the furnishing of funds for prostitution.




But even if the exist law against prostitution, nowadays a problem between teenagers start raising,
as we can see on the third and fourth stages of the Parks theory where goods and the sense of power
became more important in order to have some status in the society. teenagers that doesn't have a
direct way to consolidate their status on the third and fourth stage, they start practicing enjo
koosai, literally means compensated dating, but most of the people use refer to this term as form
of child prostitution. usually older men give money and/or luxury gifts to attractive women for
their companionship and, possibly, for sexual favours.

This practice was strongly positioned, were in TV, newspaper, advertisement, and other mass media,
the sense of what and ideal couple should be is the reflection of a innocent, cute and virginal
teenager, an example of this, is the group AKB48, where all the members are teenagers between 14
and 21, dressing sexy uniforms, and make daring dances. We can mention other musical groups like
AKB48. Also on TV dramas and anime cartoons, there were touch this problem, but even if it is
well know for the Japanese, they allowed enjo koosai behaviour. We can say that enjo koosai is a
reflection of how Japanese grow in a society base on materialism. And also Japanese parents have
practically no influence on the schedules and activities of their children. The country is so safe that
children can be out at any time of the day without causing any worry to their parents. That freedom
can be easily misused by children when they grow up into teenagers.

And in Japanese pornography the actress dressing and look like teenagers have a huge impact in the
Japanese sex industry.




Pornography



One of the first records of Japanese pornography are the
shunga or pornographic wood-block pictures. At the end of
the Edo period. they star put foreigners in this pictures, in all
different sexual position.

In the late Taishoo period and early in the Showaa period, an
artistic movement called Eroguronansensu, literally erotic-
grotesque nonsense. occurred an influence by the
pornography work on Europe. Until 1950s the Japanese
Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211
pornography still a very limited production, and open sexual expressions were permitted in novels
and manga, but in films and photograph present a strict control.

After world war II Playboy magazines, ones of the most important adult magazine in the world,was
introduces to cover all genres and featured pornographic novels as well as pictures. However did
not succeed in Japan, because most of the articles were about the American lifestyle. It was
spawned a fetish and became a genre know as Yomono, translate as Western things.

In 1980 the proliferation of pornographic videos commonly called AV, short of adult video, because
most of the Japanese families now had at least two television sets and VCRs, more videos were
sold.

Some sub-geners on the japans porn are:


Aka-Chan Purei ("Baby play") (!This genre involves going back to the baby
days" where they had no responsibility and could depend on their mothers to take care of
everything.
Baacharu Deito ("Virtual dating") ' : Shot from the point of view of the
boyfriend, the porn actress takes him on a "date" which ends in a sexual scene.
Broken Dolls: This is a subgenre based on the popular medical fetish and involves young girls in
hospital beds, covered in casts, splints, gauze, and fake bruises. It usually involves rape
and forced bondage.
Burusera ("Bloomers") '': Fans of this genre collect panties, urine, socks and uniforms
of actual schoolgirls.
Chikan Purei ("Play Molester") n,!: It involves usually schoolgirls sitting in a stage
constructed to look like a train car and act submissive while being groped by anonymous
male.
Enjo k!sai ("Compensated dating") j[|: Although available on video, this genre mainly
applies to the market for girls 1318 years of age. Girls are told they are going on a date.
Goukan Purei ("Rape play") p!: This genre involves simulated rape.
GV ("Gay Videos"): All male videos, primarily intended for gay consumers, often with one
partner playing role of "tachi" (top) and one playing role of "cat" } (bottom).
Lolicon (short for "Lolita complex") ```: This genre involves prepubescent and adolescent
girls between the aged of 6-12. It is typically animated pornography, as the legal age to be
featured in a pornographic film in Japan is 18.
Shotacon (short for "Shoutarou Complex"): Similar to Lolicon, this genre involves prepubescent
or under-aged boys between the ages 612. It is typically animated pornography, as the
legal age to be featured in a pornographic film in Japan is 18.
Yaoi ("Boy's Love"): Featuring two grown adult men in a homosexual/gay relationship. Target
audience are teenage / young adult women. Typically features a feminine 'Uke,' or
submissive, and a masculine 'Seme,' or dominative.
Bara ("Men's Love"): A sub-genre of Yaoi. typically features adult, masculine men with varying
degrees of muscle, body fat, and body hair, akin to beefcakes, or bears. Unlike Yaoi, Bara
Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211
is normally made by actual homosexual men, for homosexual men, and tends to focus on
the more realistic obstacles and challenges that come with being homosexual in Japan.
Yuri ("Girl's Love"): Featuring two grown adult women in a homosexual/lesbian relationship.
Targets the male audience, but is much less popular than Yaoi.


Became all these sub-genres very characteristic on Japanese pornography. And for most of the
foreign people can not understand the fiction on child looking girls.


We already show some part o the history of the porn industry and prostitution. Japan have been
present an open mind point of view regard to these topics. but when Japan enter to the
westernisation and try to adopt different values of how the society should conduct. The porn
industrie and prostitution start to became a taboo. Because Japanese are part of the groups and as
the sexuality start to consider as a not well seen behaviour. Then the weak laws that restrict sexual
behaviour made the pornography and prostitution start to develop underground. So all consumers of
these industries are seen as a freaky persons.

Nowadays as women have the right to develop her selfs, the institute of marriage was became less
important. And also as men prefer to avoid to have serios relationship. This happens since couples
prefer to adopt a more selfish attitude in terms of money due to having a couple in some sense has
and implication of go out to nice places, and have to give gifts, and after to have a security income
for the family. So more of the Japanese prefer to avoid such responsibility in order to spend that
money and effort in things were they feel more satisfies, like buying luxurious goods such as
extremely expensive cars, personal belongs of famous people, goods with a historical value and so
on.

On the other hand the sense of innocent and childless as a characteristic of
woman beauty start to develop that men of old edges. specially elders, start
to focus on women in the puberty age, and we can see this reflection in the
erotic video where we can find children. Even if is not an implicit sexual
video, but as how they are dress and with the right camera angle it can be
catalogue as an erotic movie.



But in case of women sexuality they start to demand their sexual rights were they focus on her
pleasure. and women to demand these kind of ring his catalog as "bitch" or a woman with not
morality. In that sense sexual manners is worse looking when a woman look for pornographic
material or want to find man prostitution. but in case recently as women have more rights the
pornographic industry focus on the women market is increasing as the demand is increasing. An
example of these. We can find in Tokyo, the biggest city in Japan, where there was more cultural
exchange is taken place in all Japan, There exist a place where women can talk about their sexuality,
and also they can masturbate herself with no problems, of course men are not allowed. this is only a
reflection that Japanese women are gain their sexual rights.



Ricardo Antonio PARRAO HERNANDEZ 1220211
The sexual rights are:

1. The right to sexual freedom.
2. The right to sexual autonomy, sexual integrity, and safety of the sexual body.
3. The right to sexual privacy.
4. The right to sexual equity.
5. The right to sexual pleasure.
6. The right to emotional sexual expression.
7. The right to sexually associate freely.
8. The right to make free and responsible reproductive choices.
9. The right to sexual information based upon scientific inquiry.
10. The right to comprehensive sexuality education.
11. The right to sexual health care.

These rights became a very important for can express your sexuality. and as the articule 4 express
the equity is an important part where men and women need to express their sexuality. not only by
themselves but also as a couple. And as long Japanese can not express their sexuality and people
avoid talking about these topics. Japan it will lead to a serious natality problem.


Reference


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/20/young-people-japan-stopped-having-sex
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_Japan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjo_k"sai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Japan
http://www. humanities360. com/index. php/the-changing-roles-of-women-in-japanese-
history-60723/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/20/young-people-japan-stopped-having-sex
http://dresnerjapan.edublogs.org/resources/painfully-short-history/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQybuEiYTw8
http://www.mynippon.com/culture/culturehome.htm