Signaling Analysis of Typical UTRAN Procedures Optimization ISSUE1 00

Signaling Analysis of Typical UTRAN Procedures
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l Revision update record:
p Add the pictures of signaling procedures in the remarks(Page38&43-45&50-
52&59-65).
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l UMTS network is composed of CN,UTRAN and UE.
l For UTRAN network includes RNC and NodeB .
l RNS means Radio Network Subsystem ,which is composed of one RNC and the the
NodeBs under its control.
l The interface between RNC and NodeB is IUB interface. IUR interface may be
configured between two RNC, it is optional, used for inter-RNC cooperation.
l RNC is connected to CS domain through IU-CS interface and connected to PS domain
through IU-PS interface.
l By RRC signaling, RNC controls UE. So the RRC is the most important signaling in
UTRAN. The access success rate , handover success rate are all calculated based on the
RRC signaling statistic. RRC signaling is very useful to analyze the fault.
l IUB interface signaling is called NBAP signaling, which can be used for locating NodeBs
faults.
l By analyze RANAP signaling between RNC and CN, we can locate a fault in CN or in
UTRAN, especially for RAB assignment ,call drop, inter-RAT relocation and paging
procedure, RANAP signaling is very useful.
l By analysis of RNSAP signaling between two RNC, we can trace inter-RNC handover
procedure.
l Most of the procedures are realized by cooperation of several interfaces.
l In idle mode, UE reads system information , so as to control it self. The behaviors in Idle
mode include PLMN selection, cell selection and reselection, paging monitoring;
l When UE needs to perform location update, attach, detach procedures, it will
trigger request for RRC setup , enter connected mode, then finish the signaling
procedure with CN. After that, RNC releases the RRC connection, to let UE go back to
idle mode.
l After UE receives a paging or when user initiates a service, UE will trigger RRC
setup ,in connected mode, UE will then send and receive NAS signaling with CN.
After that , CN may start RAB assignment procedure to set up a bearer for the service.
l During the service ,UTRAN may handover the CELL-DCH UE to neighbor cell based on
the mobility of the UE or based on the load of the cell. CELL-FACH\CELLPCH UE may
trigger cell update procedure after it move to a area covered by a neighbor cell.
l During the PS service period, UTRAN may reconfigure the radio bear of the service
based on the network load or users activity.
l In case of service changing (such as to change a VP service to a AMR service ), RAB
modification procedure is needed.
l The logical structure of system information is like a tree.
l By the index in MIB and SB, UE can read the detail contents in SIB
l By the drive test tool, we can trace the system information, so as to know some basic
information of a cell.
l In default condition, Huawei network adopts following types of system information:
p MIB: master information block
p SB: scheduling block
p SIB: system information block, includes SIB1, SIB2, SIB3, SIB5, SIB7, SIB11.
l MIB: master information block
l PLMN is broadcasted in MIB, that is MCC and MNC of the network, which is used for
UE PLMN selection
l Besides that, MIB includes scheduling information of SB and SIB, that is the index, by
which UE can acquire the location of SB and SIB, so as to read the detail information in
SIB.
PLMN ID
Scheduling
information for
SB and SIB
l SB: Scheduling block
l SB only tells the scheduling information of SIB, such as the scheduling information of
SIB1/SIB2/SIB3 in this example.
l The scheduling information of other SIB(SIB5, SIB7, SIB11) is in the MIB.
Scheduling
information of SIB1
Scheduling
information of SIB2
Scheduling
information of SIB3
l SIB1:System Information Block1
l DRX means discontinuous reception, used to save the battery of the UE when
monitoring the paging.
l Counters and constants are used to control the procedures of access , cell update ,
DCH setup of the UE, and so on, the meanings of the counters refer to 3GPP 25.331
DRX Coefficient of CS domain
Counters and constants used
for UE in connected mode
Counters and constants used
for UE in Idle mode
l SIB2 indicates the URA ID of a cell, URA ID is used for mobility management of a UE in
URA-PCH state.
l SIB3:System Information Block 3
l In SIB3,UE can get related parameters for cell selection/reselection
l Try to answer the following questions:
p What is the use of Max allowed UE transmitting power here?
p In the example of this page, what is the RNC ID and cell ID?
p In the example of this page ,check the cell selection parameters and compare
it with the default setting, which parameter is changed , and what is the
Intra/inter frequency
cell reselection threshold
Available AC of this cell
Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold
Cell selection threshold
Cell reselection time to trigger
Max allowed UE transmitting power
RNCID + cell ID
l SIB5:System information Block5
l Question:
PICH/AICH power
PRACH configration
RACH transmission format
Available access resource
Mapping between AC and ASC
l SIB5:System information 5 (Cont.)
l Question:
p What is the use of PCPICH power here?
PCPICH power
AICH SF
Cell HSDPA capability
Cell HSUPA capability
Random access
parameters
Configuration of
SCCPCH
Configuration
of PICH
l SIB7:System information 7
l SIB7 broadcasts UL RTWP to UE .
UL interference
Dynamic persistence level
l SIB11:System information block 11
l SIB11 broadcasts neighbor list of the cell, includes intra-freq/inter-freq/inter-RAT
neighbors.
l For WCDMA FDD neighbors , PSC is the most important information.
Intra-freq
neighbor list
Scambling
code
l SIB11:system information block 11cont.!
l For GSM neighbors, it includes BSIC, BCCH information
GSM neighbor list
BCCH
Qoffset for cell
reselection
Rx level min
BSIC
l Paging message may be initiated by CN or RNC. Based on UEs state , RNC may send
paging type1 or type2 on Uu interface.
l Page type1 is for the UE in IDLE, CELL-PCH ,URA-PCH state. Paging type1 is sent on
PCCH and DRX is used.
l Page type2 is for the UE in CELL-DCH , CELL-FACH. Paging type2 is sent on DCCH.
l IU Interface paging signaling
l Paging signaling on IU interface include:
p Type of the domain (CS or PS)
p UE IDIMSI is mandatory, but TMSI/PTMSI is optional!
p LAC/RAC
p Paging cause
Source of the paging
UE IMSI
UE TMSI
LAC
Paging cause
l After RNC receives a paging from CN, RNC will check the state of the UE. If UE is in idle
mode, CELL-PCH or URA-PCH state, RNC will page the UE with type1 on PCCH.
l If the paging signaling from CN includes IMSI and TMSI (or P-TMSI) both, RNC will page
the UE by TMSI (or P-TMSI).
l If the paging from CN includes IMSI only, RNC will page the UE by IMSI.
l By setting up RRC connection with UTRAN, UE enters connected mode. This procedure
is triggered by UE sending RRC CONNECTION REQUEST on RACH.
l Based on the cause value in RRC CONNECTION REQUEST signaling, RNC decides the
channel type for RRC connection, the channel for RRC connection could be DCH
(DCH3.4k ,DCH6.8k ,DCH13.6k ,DCH27.2k), CCH (RACH/FACH), and even HSPA
channel.
l For RRC Setup on DCH or HSPA, RNC shall configure NodeB to prepare RL , after that,
by RRC CONNECTION SETUP signaling, RNC configures UE"
l UE sends RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE as the response, in this signaling, UE
reports the capability of itself.
An example of RRC setup procedure
l For RRC CONNECTION REQUEST signaling, we should pay attention to the following
elements:
p UE ID
p Cause#Based on this cause ,RNC decides the channel for RRC connection.
p Service cell CPICH Ec/No#used for downlink DCH initial power calculation.
p Note: For some new version mobile phones, the UE HSPA capability is include in
this signaling, so as to support RRC setup on HSPA.
UE ID
Cause
Service cell Ec/No
l In RRC CONNECTION SETUP signaling, it includes:
URNTI
State of UE
DRX Cycle
RB information
Transport channel
TTI 10ms
TB size
TB number
Channel
coding
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP (Con.)
l The data rate of the channel is
configured in transport
channel: TB Size * TB Number
/ TTI
l The configurations for UL and
DL transport channels are
separate.
Transport
channel
TTI 10ms
TB size
TB Number
Channel
coding
Target BLER
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP(Con.)
l Configuration of downlink transport channel is similar with uplink,
l Question:
p Why the BLER is configured in downlink only?
Power offset
Uplink code
l Question:
p How the RNC allocates uplink scrambling code ?
p In this case, the uplink SF is 64, can you tell what is the rate of the channel?
Uplink power
Control algorithm
DL OVSF code
l Question: The SF in uplink and downlink are different, are the channel rates different
also?
Downlink power
control Mode
Downling DCH
OVSF code
l In downlink ,physical RLs are configured separately
l Question#
p Why downlink physical RLs are configured separately? How about uplink
configuration?
p Which OVSF code is allocated in this case?
p From the code allocation, can you judge if the HSDPA is active in this cell?
Down PSC
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE:
l By RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLET$UE gives RNC a response to confirm the
setup of RRC connection. In addition, UE reports its capabilities, include#
p UE RF capability
p Inter-RAT capability
p Compressed mode and measurement capabilities
p HSPA capabilities.
UEs radio capability
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE(Con.)
l UEs GSM capabilities affect the RNCs decision in Inter-RAT handover.
UEs GSM setting
UEs GSM Class
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE(Con.)
l The measurement capabilites affect the RNCs measurement control.
UEs power level
The 2100M
measurement capability
The GSM
measurement
capability
The extension band
measurement capability
l RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE (Con.)
l The HSPA capability of UE affects the channel type of the traffic, rate
negotiation and HSPA scheduling.
l NACC function can shorten the time gap of PS service handover.
L2 capabilities
HSPA capability
NACC capability of
UE
l We can check the type of channel from this signaling:
l If we want to setup RRC on HSPA, beside the configuration of the RNC , the UEs HSPA
capability is required also, because UE should report HSPA capability to RNC in
the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST signaling.
l NAS means non access stratum.
l After RRC connection setup, UE transmits Initial UE message to CN to trigger NAS
signaling procedure.
l Via NAS signaling, UE can realize location registration (IMSI ATTACH), GPRS ATTACH,
PDP activation, authentication, security mode, and so on.
l RAB Assignment is after the NAS procedure.
l Most of the NAS signalings are transparent messages in UTRAN, so they are called
directed transfer signalings.
l Initial UE message is transferred to CN by RNC.
l An example of Initial UE Message (RNC to IU)#
l In this signaling, UE wants to attach IMSI in CN.
l Question:
p In which scenario, UE triggers this procedure.
Message type
Message content
LAC
l An example of CS imsi detach Message (RNC to IU)#
l An example of PS service request Message (RNC to IU)#
l An example of CS service request Message (RNC to IU)#
l CN sends Common ID to RNC, which is used for paging transmission during the
connection
l Question:
p Why the Common ID is IMSI but not TMSI?
l This signalings are called direct transfer message, because UTRAN does not process
these messages, just repeats to CN in uplink or to UE in downlink.
l An Example of Direct Transfer Message
l Since RNC does not process the DT message , so ,we can analyse the DT message on the IU
interface.
l In this example, CN requests UEs authentication.
Authentication
Request
l An Example of Direct Transfer Message (Con.)
Authentication
Response
l An example of call setup Message (RNC to IU)#
l An example of PDP Context Activation (RNC to IU)#
l An example of IMSI Request Message (IU to RNC)#
l By RAB Assignment procedure, the service bearer is setup. CS RAB Assignment
procedure is after the call proceeding DT message, while PS RAB Assignment
procedure is after the PDP Context Activation DT message.
l In this example, after UEs PDP Context Activation DT message, CN sends RAB
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST to RNC ,informs the QoS of the service and priority of the UE
to RNC.
l RNC will make a decision based on the required QoS and start the bearer setup
procedure.
l By NBAP , RNC requests NodeB reconfigure RL (Question: Why it is Reconfigure, not
setup), and send the relative configuration to UE by RB Setup signaling.
l UE sends a RB SETUP COMPLETE signaling to RNC as a response.
l CN sends the service and UE related configurations to RNC via RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
signaling.
l In this example, PS CN assigned an interactive RAB, which is symmetric in uplink and downlink, the Maximum bit
rate is 8.64M with out guaranteed bit rate
Service
class
Service
bandwidth
Data format
l RB SETUP Signaling#
l By RB SETUP signaling, RNC send the configuration to UE , this signaling
structure is similar with RRC SETUP.
l Questions#
p In this example, the PS service is carried on DCH or HSPA?
p If the UE support 5.76M ,is that possible to achieve this rate?
HRNTI and ERNTI
of the UE
UL Physical
channel
Configuration of UL Transport channel
Configuration of DL Transport channel
DL Physical channel
l As a response to RNC, UE sends RB SETUP COMPLETE signaling to RNC.
l As a response to CN, RNC sends RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONCE signaling to CN.
l An example of HSDPA+384K Message #
p RAB assignment request :
p RB setup :
l An example of VOICE Message #
p RB setup request :
l An example of HSDPA+384K Message #
l Soft handover procedure is triggered by RNC sending MEASUREMENT CONTROL to
UE. By default configuration ,after RRC setup complete , RNC sends MEASUREMENT
CONTROL signaling to UE to trigger intra-frequency measurement . In this
MEASUREMENT CONTROL , RNC configure neighbor list and some thresholds related
to the measurement.
l When the measured signals satisfy some threshold configured in measurement
control, UE triggers a MEASUREMENT REPORT to RNC.
l According to this MEASUREMENT REPORT, RNC may make a decision ,then triggers
the handover.
l In this case, UE triggers a 1A event, then RNC executes a RL addition procedure(soft
handover). After that , UE is in soft handover state.
Measurement ID
PSC of a neighbor
Intra-freq Neighbor list
l A Measurement Control of intra-frequency measurement
l By the Measurement control signalings with the same measurement ID, RNC can
modify the neighbor list of the UE.
l Similar with SIB11, neighbor list in measurement control signaling includes the PSCs
of the neighbors.
filter coefficient for measured results
l A Measurement Control of intra-frequency measurement (Cont.)
l By default configuration, an intra-freq measurement report is triggered
based on Ec/No value. In the triggered report, UE reports both RSCP and
Ec/No of the measured cells.
Measurement Value
to trigger event
Reporting value for
active set cells
Reporting value for
monitored set cells
Reporting value for
detected set cells
Parameters for event 1A
l A Measurement Control of intra-frequency measurement (Cont.)
l In 3GPP 25.331, 1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f and 1j event are defined for FDD. Huawei
doesnt use event 1e, and by default , 1j is not switched on either.
l UE may trigger the events according to the thresholds configured by RNC.
Reporting mode
Parameters for event 1F
Parameters for event 1B
Parameters for event 1C
Parameters for event 1D
Measurement ID
l Measurement Report
l When some of the measurement targets achieve the configured threshold, UE will then
trigger a measurement report.
l For an event triggered report, the event and the PSC who triggers this event are the most
important information.
p Based on the event , RNC can then make a handover decision.
p Based on the PSC, RNC can then check the neighbor list, so as to get the cell ID of
the PSC.
l In a event triggered report, UE may report the signal of all the measured cells
PSC of the
measured cell
Event triggered
Measured Result
Other measurement results
PSC of the cell who
triggers the event
MAX UE Tx POWER
l Active set update
l After the admission and preparation, RNC configures the OVSF of the new
RL and PSC of the new cell to UE, based on which, UE can then try to
synchronize with the new RL.
PSC of the new RL cell
OVSF code of
the new RL
l As a response, UE sends ACTIVESET UPDATE COMPLETE to RNC to complete this
handover
l In this case, UE takes handover several times, include HSUPA soft handover and HSDPA hard
handover.
l HSUPA soft handover is executed by ACTIVESET UPDATE, which does not effect HSDPA
service.
l HSDPA handover and HSUPA serving cell change is executed by PHYSICAL CHANNEL
RECONFGUREATION , By reading the information elements DL information per RL list", we
can know the handover information of HSPA.
l Question : May HSDPA serving cell be different from HSUPA serving cell%
l Question : May HSDPA serving cell be different from HSUPA serving cell%
p From signaling, we can see the serving cell for HSDPA and HSUPA could be
different. But Huaweis algorithm keeps them identical.
l Compressed mode is the precondition of inter-freq and inter-RAT measurement.
l In compressed mode, RNC send both MEASUREMENT CONTROL for inter-freq and
inter-RAT measurement.
l Based on UEs MEASUREMENT REPORT signaling, RNC makes handover decision
then executes the handover and stop the compressed mode at the same time.
Ec/No Threshold for 2D
Start the
compressed
mode
l
Procedure to start compressed mode
l
After RB setup, RNC sends 2D and 2F thresholds to UE.
l
When the current carrier meets the threshold, UE reports 2D event.
l
RNC reconfigures the RL in NodeB and sends PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
signaling to configure the compressed mode.
l
Questions#
p
Is it necessary for the RNC to configure 2D with Ec/No and RSCP separately? What is
the benefit from this?
p
How to confirm the 2D report is triggered by Ec/No or RSCP?
p
If 2F is trigged during the compressed mode, what will happen then?
2D Measurement
report
RSCP Threshold for 2D
l
Answers to the Questions#
p
Is it necessary for the RNC to configure 2D with Ec/No and RSCP separately?
What is the benefit from this?
n
Yes , it is necessary, by doing this, the compressed mode can be
triggered by bad quality or poor strength of the CPICH both, it is more
reliable.
p
How to confirm a 2D report is caused by Ec/No or RSCP?
n
The measurement ID of the report signaling can indicate this.
p
If 2F is trigged during the compressed mode, what will happen then?
n
Compressed mode will be stopped by RNC in this case.
Measurement quantity
l
MEASUREMENT CONTROL signaling to configure 2D\2F Ec/No threshold
l
When the measured signal is lower than 2D threshold, or it is higher than 2F
threshold, UE then triggers Measurement Report 2D or 2F to RNC
l
2F report is used to terminate compressed mode. RNC ignores this report in case of
non-compressed mode.
2D parameters
2F parameters
l UE triggers event 2D after the measured signal of current carrier is lower than the
threshold;
Configuration of
compressed slots
l
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION to start the compressed mode
l
In compressed mode, some slots are compressed to measure the inter-freq and Inter-
RAT neighbors. For GSM neighbor, measurement value can be RSSI and BSIC, for
WCDMA neighbors, measurement value can be Ec/No and RSCP.
l
Compressed mode can be achieved by SF/2 or high layer scheduling. For low rate DCH,
RNC configures SF/2; For high rate DCH, high layer scheduling is used to achieve the
compressed mode.
Measurement value
Compressed mode is
achieved by SF/2
l UE respond PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE to RNC
Inter-freq and
Inter-RAT
measurement
configuration
Handover
execution
l Inter-freq and Inter-RAT measurement and handover
UE reports
Reconfigure the
Measurement in new
cell
Inter-freq neighbor list
l
Inter-freq MEASUREMENT CONTROL
l
By this MEASUREMENT CONTROL signaling, RNC configures the inter-freq neighbors
to UE, and requests UE report the measurement results periodically.
Filtering coefficient
Value to evaluate
the cell signal
Reporting value
0.5ms interval
Periodical report
Inter-RAT neighbors
l
Inter -RATMEASUREMENT CONTROL signaling
l
By the MEASUREMENT CONTROL signaling, RNC configures the inter-RAT neighbors to
UE, and requests UE report the measurement results periodically, such as RSSI and BSIC.
Measurement value
Reporting value
1s interval
Periodical report
FCN of the
neighbor
l
Inter-freq MEASUREMENT REPORT
l
UE reports the MEASUREMENT REPORT to RNC periodically based on the interval.
Measurement result
Neighbor cell Rx_lev
l
Inter-RAT MEASUREMENT REPORT
l
UE report the MEASUREMENT REPORT to RNC periodically based on the interval,
which is the reference for RNC handover decision.
Neighbor cell
BSIC
Frequency of new cell
l
PYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION for Handover Execution
DL physical channel
configuration
UL physical channel configuration
UE max Tx power
Compressed mode
Configuration
Radio link set configuration
l
PYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION for Handover Execution (Con.)
l
By this PYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION signaling, RNC handover the UE to
an Inter-freq neighbor.
l UE respond RNC PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE signaling to
finish the handover procedure.
l Answers for the questions:
p In this case, RNC configures both inter-freq and inter-RAT measurement to UE,
but why UE handover to inter-freq cell at last?
n Because the inter-freq neighbor satisfied the inter-freq handover
threshold firstly, so RNC made the decision to handover the UE to
inter-freq neighbor.
p What are the functions of the Measurements control singalings after the
handover?
n They are used for:
New intra-freq measurement
Configure the RSCP threshold for 2D, 2F;
Configure the Ec/No threshold for 2D, 2F;
Terminated the inter-freq measurement;
Terminated the inter-RAT measurement.
l The procedure for inter-RAT handover is similar with inter-freq handover:
p 2D triggers compressed mode
p RNC configures measurement in compressed mode
p RNC executes the relocation(inter-RAT handover) after a GSM neighbor signal satisfies the inter-RAT handover
threshold.

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