PHYSICS

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1
ii+ i fi4 (UNITANDDIMENSION)
iifa+ ifzi4i (PHYSICAL QUANTITIES)
ilzii l-+i ni+ zii zii nii i =+ -ii l-+ zii ii l-+i + l-ni +i l-i<- l+i i =+ . ( =i ilzii
+i ii l-+ ilzii +t- t <=i +-ii -+ tn- t - =i ii l-+i ilzii +i ~- + lni t
= n-i: n i n. =n. <i. <ni-. i- ~il<
1. n {irii) ifzi4i ( FUNDAMENTAL(BASIC) QUANTITIES)
n ni - ilzii t i =- i ii l-+i +i =nilt- +-i t
l+=i ~- ilzi +i :-= -- l+i i =+-i t
=ii n n ilzii := +i - -i n: t l+ (+ < = = li--li-- ti ~ii - (+ < = = ---zi ti .
( = < i (d) . =n (t) ~i n (v) +i ~iii ilzii + n -ti - - =+- +i l+ -i-i V=
t
d
,ii
= li- t )
(+ ~--i i = -ii- CGPM: General Conference on weight & measures - l--- =i- ilzii +i nn
ilzii + n - -i
y EckbZ
(L)
l e;
(T)
nzO; eku
(M)
r ki
(K)
fo| qr /kkj k
(A)
mn~nhi u r hozr k
(Cd)
i nkFkZd hek=kk
(mol)
ilzii t - ti ~iiii - ilzii t (tni n t ) :=iln( :-t ti n n ilzii + n - -i ni t i--
n ---zi ilzii + l+=i ii =n -- +i n n ilzii + n - -i i =+-i t . l== ~- =ii ii l-+ ilzii
-- +i i =+
=
+ =n t +i ii n n ilzii + n - -i i =+-i t (l+=i ~- n t :-t n n ilzii + n i n ii l+i i
ti ti ni)
n l+-
+i nn ilzii + n -ti - -i i =+-i +i l+
-i zi+n = (n-i:)
2
~- <i -i (+ < = = --zi -ti t
PHYSICS
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2
2. -4-s-a ifzi4i (DERIVEDQUANTITIES)
ii l-+ ilzii l-+i nn ilzii (M,L,T....) + <i n <lzi- l+i i =+. --t -- ilzii +t- t
~ii - = n
P = mV = (m)
le;
foLFkkiu
=
T
ML
= M
1
L
1
T
1
ti [ M
1
L
1
T
1
] +i = n +i lni = zi +t- t . ~i tn +t =+- t l+ = n n
M (<ni-) +i lni 1 t
L (ni) +i lni 1 t
~i T (=n) +i lni 1 t
~- l+=i ilzi. +i n n ilzii (M,L,T....) n <zi - +i lni = zi +t- t ~i := <zi - n n n ilzii nni ii-i
+i lni +t- t
3. s+ ifzi4i (SUPPLIMENTRYQUANTITIES)
=i- nn ilzii + ~nii <i ilzii +i + ilzii + n +- l+i ni t := +i t
=n-ni +ii (<i ii~i + i- +ii)
u
ai = +i i
ffi-a iifa+ ifzi4i +t fiy (DIMENSIONS)
- -i: . -i i: . lzii. l-ii- ~il< (+ +i +i n-i: i t
~- tn +t =+- t l+ :-+i lni [L] ti ni
ti [--i:] +i --i: +i lni := +i ci i-i t
-izi+n = n-i: -ii:
~- -izi+n +i lni [-i zi+n] = [n-i: ] [-i i: ]
= [L] [L]
= [L
2
]
-i + ln(
-izi+n = tr
2
[-izi+n] = [t] [r
2
]
= [1] [L
2
]
= [L
2
]
ti t l+=i +i +i n-i: i < ni- i =n -ti t ~- t -i zi+n +i lni
+i iil- -ti +-i -ilt(
:=ln( :=+i lni 1 (M
0
L
0
T
0
) ti -i -ilt ~i tn +t n l+ t lniti- ti -i t
:=i -+ + ~iii tn +t =+- t l+ =ii = i( lniti- ti -i t
[~i--] = [n-i:] [-ii:] [--i:]
= L L L
= [L
3
]
ni n + ln(
~i-- =
3
4
tr
3
[~i--] = (

t
3
4
[r
3
]
= (1) [L
3
] = [L
3
]
~- ~i-- +i lni [L
3
] ti t ni -it t i-ii +i ~i-- ti i ni n +i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
fdlh Hkh HkkSfrd jkf'k dh foek ges'kk leku jgrh gS] ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj ugha djrh] fd bl jkf'k ds
fy, ge dkSulk lw=k iz;ksx dj jgs gSA
i- =
vk;ru
eku nzO;
[i-] =
] [
] [
vk;ru
eku nzO;
=
3
L
M
= [M
1
L
3
]
n (V) =
le;
foLFkkiu
[V] =
] [
] [
le;
foLFkkiu
=
T
L
= [M
0
L
1
T
1
]
i (a) =
dt
dV
[a] = =
2
1
LT
T
LT

=
=n (P) = mV
[P] = [M] [V]
= [M] [LT
1
]
= [M
1
L
1
T
1
]
n (F) = ma
[F] = [m] [a]
= [M] [LT
2
]
= [M
1
L
1
T
2
] (n +i lni i< i-i t. +il+ :=+i ~in t- -in ti-i t)
+i i -i = n l-ii-
[+i] = [n] [l-ii-]
= [M
1
L
1
T
2
] [L]
= [M
1
L
2
T
2
]
zil+- =
le;
Z dk;
[zil+-] =
] [
] [
le;
Z dk;
=
T
T L M
2 2 1
= [M
1
L
2
T
3
]
<i =
{kSrzQy
cy
[<i] =
] [
] [
{kSrzQy
cy
=
2
2 1 1
L
T L M

= M
1
L
1
T
2
1. +iit4 ifzi4i +t fiy (DIMENSIONSOFANGULARQUANTITIES)
+ii (u)
(+iii l-ii-) u =
k frzT;
pki
[u] =
] [
] [
k frzT;
pki
=
L
L
= [M
0
L
0
T
0
] (lniti-)
+iii n (e) =
t
u
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
4
[e] =
] t [
] [u
=
T
1
= [M
0
L
0
T
1
]
+iii i (o) =
dt
de
[o] =
] dt [
] d [ e
=
T
T L M
1 0 0
= [M
0
L
0
T
2
]
niii = n ~iii ii
[niii] = [n] [~iii ii]
= [M
1
L
1
T
2
] [L] = [M
1
L
2
T
2
]
2. iifa+ fa4ai+i +t fiy (DIMENSIONSOF PHYISCALCONSTANTS)
n=-t4 fa4ai+
m
1
m
2 r
F
g
F
g
l< m
1
~i m
2
<ni- +i <i --( r <i ii ti. -i --t ni+ii n ~-i ti-i t
l=+i ni- ti-i t F
g
=
2
2 1
r
m Gm
ti G(+ l--i+ t l= ni l--i+ +t- t
[F
g
] =
] r [
] m ][ m ][ G [
2
2 1
[M
1
L
1
T
2
] =
] L [
] M ][ M ][ G [
2
[G] = M
1
L
3
T
2
ffzia ai riifai
l+=i -- +i -i AT ci- + ln( ~iz+ -ni Q = ms AT
ti s (+ l--i + t l= llzi -ni iil-i +t- t
[Q] = [m] [s] [AT]
ti Q-ni t . ~i -ni (+ +i +i -i t ~- [Q] = M
1
L
2
T
2
[M
1
L
2
T
2
] = [M] [S] [K]
[S] = [M
0
L
2
T
2
K
1
]
nu fa4ai+ (R) :
~i<zi n = + ln( <i (P), ~i-- (V) , -i (T) ~i n = + ni n (n) + i-
= i
PV = nRT ti R (+ l--i+ t l= n= l--i+ +t- t
[P] [V] = [n] [R] [T] ............ (1)
ti [P] [V] =
] [
] [
{ksrzQy
cy
[-izi+n n-i:]
= [n] [n-i:]
= [M
1
L
1
T
2
] [L
1
] = M
1
L
2
T
2
=ni+i (1) =
[P] [V] = [n] [R] [T]
[M
1
L
2
T
2
] = [mol] [R] [K]
[R] = [M
1
L
2
T
2
mol
1
K
1
]
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
z4iaai nii+
r
r
f
v
V
l< r lzii +i (+ ni ni n < (+ zi- < n V n = nl- + ti ti -i -=
(+ zi- n nn-i t l=+i ni- ti-i t
F
v
=6tqrv
ti q zi--i nii+ t
[F
v
] = [6t] [q] [r] [v]
M
1
L
1
T
2
= (1) [q] [L] [LT
1
]
[q] = M
1
L
1
T
1
ni+ fii+
l< u ~il-i +i +izi ln ti t -i. +ii - +i -i ti -i t
E = hu ti h = -ni+ l-ii+
[E] = [h] [u] ti u =
vkoZrdky
1
[u] =
] [
[1]
vkoZrdky
=
T
1
~- M
1
L
2
T
2
= [h] [T
1
]
[h] = M
1
L
2
T
1
3. fii + + fzi i n i
ni-i l+=i = zi n (L + o) +i < ~i ti t . (ti L n-i: t ) - l+ n-i: +i + n n-i: + =ii i i i
=+-i t . o(+ +i +i n-i: ti -i -ilt(
~- [o] = [L]
:=i +i (+ ~- < (F |) l-i +- t . ti F (+ n t (+ n +i l+=i ~- n = ti i i
i iii i =+-i t . ~i :== i liin l-+n ni. i ii (+ +i +i n ti ti -i -ilt( ~- | (+ +i
+i n ti -i -ilt( ~i -=+i liin (F |) ii (+ +i +i n ti ti -i -ilt(
fa4 u4i 1 :
fdlh Hkh jkf'k dks mldh le:i jkf'k ls gh tksM+k ;k ?kVk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlls tks ifj.kke vkrk gS] og Hkh
mlh tSlh le:i jkf'k gksuh pkfg,A
Example 1.
2
t
o
= Fv +
2
x
|
[o] ~i [|] +i lni = zi ai- +i (ti t = =n, F = n, V = n, x = <i)
Solution :
-l+ Fv +i lni = [Fv] =[M
1
L
1
T
2
] [L
1
T
1
] = [M
1
L
2
T
3
] ,
~-
(

|
2
x
+i ii lni M
1
L
2
T
3
ti -i -ilt(
] x [
] [
2
|
= M
1
L
2
T
3
[|] = M
1
L
4
T
3
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
6
~i
(

|
+
2
x
Fv +i ii lni M
1
L
2
T
3
ti -i -ilt( ~- L.H.S. +i lni ii M
1
L
2
T
3
ti -i -ilt(
~-
] t [
] [
2
o
= M
1
L
2
T
3
[o] = M
1
L
2
T
1
Example 2.
n nin n= + ln( i-in =ni+i t
|
.
|

\
|

2
V
a
P
(V b) = nRT
a ~i b +i lni =zi ai- +i. ti P = n= <i. V = n= +i ~i--. T = n= +i -i t
Solution :
~-
] V [
] a [
2
= M
1
L
1
T
2
~- [b] = L
3
2
] L [
] a [
3
= M
1
L
1
T
2
[a] = M
1
L
5
T
2
fa4 u4i 2 :
sin(u) s< s fi +a r+
ti u lniti- t ~i sinu
|
.
|

\
|
=
d.kZ
yEc
ii lniti- t
sin(......) + ~-< i + z ii t . t lniti- ti -i -ilt ~i [sin (.......)] i ii lniti- ti-i -ilt(

rut s+i u :

PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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Example 3.
o =
2
V
F
sin (|t) (ti V = n, F = n, t = =n)
o ~i | +i lni ai- +i
Solution :
~- [o] =
] V [
] F [
2
=
2 1 1
2 1 1
] T L [
] T L M [

= M
1
L
1
T
0
Example 4. o =
2
2
FV
|
log
e
|
.
|

\
| t|
2
V
2
ti F = n, V = n
o ~i | +i lni ai- +i
Solution .

] V [
] ][ 2 [
2
| t
= 1
2 2
T L
] ][ 1 [

|
= 1 [|] = L
2
T
2
as [o] =
] [
] V ][ F [
2
2
|
[o] =
2 2 2
2 2 2 1 1
] T L [
] T L ][ T L M [

[o] = M
1
L
1
T
0
4. fii + as4in
ui +t u-4ai +t i +ai :
l< ii -+ ~i <ii -+ +i lni =ni- t . -i t =ni+i lni = =ti t . ~- t =ni+i =
ti =+-i t . l< L.H.S~i R.H.S+i lni =ni- -ti t . -i =ni+i lln = =ti -ti t ~- t
=ni+i = -ti ti =+-i t
-<iti + -i (+ =zi l<i ni t
~+-<i n F
e
=
r
mv
2
(F = n . V= n . r = lzii)
tn i - +-i t l+ t = zi =ti t i -ti
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
8
L.H.S +i lni t ; [F] = [M
1
L
1
T
-2
]
R.H.S +i lni t ;
] r [
] v [ ] m [
2
=
[L]
] [LT
2 -1
] M [
= [M
1
L
1
T
2
]
~- t =ni+i +n = +n lni = -i =ti t
tn +t =+- t l+ t =ni+i =ti ti =+-i t
Example 5 i- + -i: l+ l--- =ni+i =ti t i -ti
<i P
r
=
x t
FV 3
2 2
2
t
(F = n . V = n . t = =n . x = <i)
Solution : L.H.S. +i lni = [P
r
] = M
1
L
1
T
2
R.H.S. +i lni =
[x] ] [t ] [
] [v [F] ] 3 [
2
2
t
=
[L] ] T [
] T [L ] T L [M
2
-2 2 -2 1 1
= M
1
L
2
T
6
L.H.S. ~i R.H.S. +i lni =ni- -ti t ~- t =ni+i =ti ti ti -ti =+-i
+: i + z ( = z- z i- t . i tni ia +n + it + nn- t . -i l-lz-- ti lni lzn ii
~iiil- ti n
Example 6 (+ Boomrang +i < ni- m, ai -izi+n A. l--- =-t +i +-i lzii r t
-ii t V n = i- ini ti n nl- + ti t
:= nn- ini l-i ii n ti-i -ilt( `
(A)
2
r
VA 2
log
|
.
|

\
|
t

Ar
m
(B)
r
A V 2
2

log
|
.
|

\
|
t

m
A
(C*) 2V
2
A log
|
.
|

\
|
t

m
Ar
(D)
2
2
r
A V 2
log
|
.
|

\
|
t

m
Ar
Solution : +nCti lni = =ti t
fi u a4 ui -4-s-a +ai
l< (+ ilzi ~- + ilzii l-i + . -i lni~i +i n<< = tn t -i =+- t . l+ t ilzi ~- ilzii
l+--i l-i +-i t
Example 7.
~- tn +t =+- t l+ T +i + := n ti-i -ilt
T = (+i: =i) (m)
a
()
b
(g)
c
LHS ~i RHS +i lni i +-
M
0
L
0
T
1
= (1) [M
1
]
a
[L
1
]
b
[L
1
T
2
]
c
M
0
L
0
T
1
= M
a
L
b+c
T
2c
M,L ~i T +i ii-i +i -n-i +-
a = 0 , b + c = 0, 2c = 1
~- a = 0 , b =
2
1
, c =
2
1
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
~- T = (+i: =i) M
0
L
1/2
g
1/2
T = (+i: =i)
g

+i: = i +i ni- iiln+ = ai- l+i i =+-i t - nn +i n-i: nii ~i -= <i n- +i~i
:=+i ~i- +in lin i i = ai- +i
= ni-ni = 1m, n-i: + nn + ln( ~i-+in T = 2 sec. ~ii ~-
2 = (+i: =i)
8 . 9
1
"+i: =i" = 6.28 ~ 2t.
Example 8 (+ < -ni +i n n ~i l-i (f) l--- l-i + =+-i t
~- tn +t =+- t l+ f = (+i: =i) ()
a
()
b
(P)
c
(

T
1
= (1) [L]
a
[ML
3
]
b
[M
1
L
1
T
2
]
c
MLT
1
= M
b + c
L
a 3b c
T
2c
<i -i -ii n M, L, T +i lni~i +i i +- tn i-- ti -i t
0 = b + c
0 = a 3b c
1 = 2c
get a = 1 , b = - 1/2 , c = 1/2
~- F = (+i: =i)

P 1

f+ut it -4 ifzi +i <t nr n ifzi4i -4+ +ai

Example 9. l< n (V), n (F) ~i =n (T) +i nn ilzii + n --i i( -i (i) <ni- (ii) -i +i V,F
~i T + <i n +- +i
Solution : ni-i M = (+i: =i) (V)
a
(F)
b
(T)
c
<i-i -ii +i lni( lni-
M
1
L
0
T
0
= (1) [L
1
T
1
]
a
[M
1
L
1
T
- 2
]
b
[T
1
]
c
M
1
L
0
T
0
= M
b
L
a + b
T
a 2b + c
tn i-- t ~i a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
M = (+i: =i) (V
1
F
1
T
1
) [M] = [V
1
F
1
T
1
]
:=i +i tn -i +i ii V , F , T + <i n lni =+-
ni-i [E] = [+i: =i] [V]
a
[F]
b
[T]
c
[M
1
L
2
T
2
] = [MLT] [LT
1
]
a
[MLT
2
]
b
[T]
c
[M
1
L
2
T
2
] = [M
b
L
a + b
T
a 2b + c
]
1 = b; 2 = a + b ; 2 = a 2b + c
tn i-- t ~i a =1 ; b = 1 ; c = 1
E = (+i: =i) V
1
F
1
T
1
~i [E] = [V
1
][F
1
][T
1
].
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
f+ut it iifa+ ifzi +i ii+ aia +ai
ni-ni tn n +i nizi+ ai- +-i t tn i-- t l+ n +i lni ti -i t [n] = [M
1
L
1
T
2
]
- l+ m+i nizi+ l+ni n in (kg), L +i nizi+ ni (m) ~i =n +i nizi+ = + (s) ti -i t
~- n +i nizi+ tini = (kg)
1
(m)
1
(s)
2
= kg m/s
2
MKS system n
CGS system n, n +i nizi+ tini = (g)
1
(cm)
1
(s)
2
= g cm/s
2
.
ft4 fznii +t utiy (LIMITATIONSOF DIMENSIONALANALYSIS)
lni lznii = tn i-- t ~i ii T = (+i : = i)
g

~- T +i + lnii i =+-i t
T =2
g

T =
g

sin (.....)
i i
T = 50
g

T =
g

log (......)
i i
T = 2t
g

T =
g

+ (t
0
)
lni lznii tn +i: =i" + i n +i : i-+ii -ti lnn-i t
t lii -ii -ini ti -i t +i : ilzi. ~- ilzii nii i ii- = =-l-i- ti ( = , f = x
a
y
b
z
c
)
l< +i : ilzi. ~- ilzii = i i +n- + = =-l-i- ti -i t lii +in -ti + ni
(= f = x + y z)
= tn S = ut +
2
1
at
2
=--i lni lznii = ai- -ti + =+- t
t lli +in -ti + ni l< +i : ilzi. ~- ilzi + =ii sine, cosine, logarithmic i exponential =
=-l-i- ti t lli -ii +in + ni =--i ii-i ti
tn M,L ~i T +i ii-i +i i +- t l== tn +n -i- =ni+i lnn n ~- tni i= +n -i-
~ai- ti - -ilt( (+ n -i- l-i ilzii ti -i -ilt )
~- lni lzn ii -ii +in + ni +i : ilzi + n -i- ilzii l-i + ti t -i- = ~li+ -ti
Example 10. +i <i (P), i- () ~i n (v) +i n n ilzii + n - -i i =+-i t `
Solution : P, ~i v - -- zi -ti t . :-t P= v
2
= =-l-i- l+i i =+-i t ~- :-t n n ilzii +i -t -ti
--i i =+-i t
P , , ~i V - --zi t i -ti. := i -- + ln( tn l--- nli-i lli +i i n + =+- t
[P] = [M
1
L
-1
T
-2
] [] = [M
1
L
-3
T
0
] [V] = [M
0
L
1
T
-1
]
:-+i ii-i +i =ili+ -i~i
= 1 (3) (1)(1) 2 (1) = 0
~- -i-i < ~i= n =-l-i- t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
+ ia+ uii u fi aia +ai
+: i + z ni-+ +i +i lni( zi i-i t . = (
0
c
0
) +i lni ai- +i
:=+ ln( tn
0
~i c
0
, +i lni ai- + n ~i <i -i +i n ii + n . n l+- t -i t - i -i+i ti i(ni
:=+ <n tn =i --i -ilt l+ i ii l-+i n (
0
c
0
) =i < tn- +ti <ii t `
(=i + ~i-i t c =
0 0

1
c
n (ti c = +izi +i -in)
0
c
0
=
2
C
1
[
0
c
0
] =
2
C
1
=
2
) T / L (
1
= L
2
T
2
Example 11. l--- +i lni( ai- +i
(i) c
0
E
2
(c
0
= l-i - n l -ziin-i , E = l- -i zi)
(ii)
0
2

B
(B = --+i -izi ,
0
= l-i- +i --+ziin-i)
(iii)
LC
1
(L = -+ , C = iil-i)
(iv) RC (R = l-ii ; C = iil-i)
(v)
R
L
(R = l-ii , L = -+)
(vi)
B
E
(E = l - -i zi , B = - -+i -i zi)
(vi) Gc
0
(G = =i lzi+ ni l--i+ , c
0
= l-i- n l-ziin-i)
(vii)
m
e
|
|
(|
e
= l - +n+= ; |
m
= - -+i +n+=)
Solution : (i) -i i- =
2
1
c
0
E
2
[-i i-] = [c
0
E
2
]
(

c
2
0
E
2
1
=
] [
] [
ru vk;
?kuRo tkZ
=
3
2 2 1
L
T L M

= M
1
L
-1
T
2
(ii)
0
2
B
2
1

= --+i -i i-
(
(

0
2
B
2
1
= [--+i -i i-]
0
2
B

=
] [
] [
ru vk;
tkZ
=
3
2 2 1
L
T L M

= M
1
L
-1
T
2
(iii)
LC
1
= L C <in- +i +iii ~il-i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
(

LC
1
= [e] =
T
1
= T
1
(iv) RC = R-C li +i =n l--i+
[RC] = [=n] = T
1
(v)
R
L
= L - R li +i =n l--i+
(

R
L
= [=n] = T
1
(vi) --+i n F
m
= qVB ,l- n F
e
= qE
[F
m
] = [F
e
] [qVB] = [qE]
(

B
E
= [V] = LTT
1
(vii) ni n F
g
=
2
2
r
Gm
, l--il-+ n F
e
=
0
4
1
tc
2
2
r
q
(
(

2
2
r
GM
=
(
(

tc
2
2
0
r
q
4
1
[Gc
0
] =
(
(

2
2
m
q
=
(
(

2
2
m
) it (
= AA
2
T
2
M
2
(viii) (

|
|
m
e
= (

BS
ES
=
(

B
E
= [v] ((vi) iin =) = LTT
1
fo|qr LFkSfrd vkSj "ek ls lEcfU/kr jkf'k;ks dh foek,a (dsoy XII vkSj XIII ds fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, )
(i) vkos'k (q) :
tn i-- t l+ l - iii i =
dt
dq
=
e; varjky NksVk lk l
k izokg kos' NksVk lk v
[ i ] =
] dt [
] dq [
[A] =
t
] q [
[q] = [ AA
1
T
1
]
(ii) l-i - n l-ziin-i (c
0
) :
<i ~i zii + i- l --i l-+ n F
e
=
2
2 1
r
q q k
=
0
4
1
tc
2
2 1
r
q q
[F
e
] =
] [ ] 4 [
1
0
c t
2
2 1
] r [
] q ][ q [
M
1
L
1
T
2
=
] )[ 1 (
1
0
c
2
] L [
] AT ][ AT [
[c
0
] = M
1
L
3
T
4
A
2
(iii) l - -i zi (E) :
l --i l-+ n l- ~i zi E=
q
F
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
[E] =
] q [
] F [
=
] T A [
] T L M [
1 1
2 1 1
= M
1
L
1
T
3
A
1
(iv) l - li (V) :
l- -il-+ l-il- -i l- ~izi V =
q
U
[V] =
] q [
] U [
=
] T A [
] T L M [
1 1
2 2 1
= M
1
L
2
T
3
A
1
(v) l-i i (R) :
~in + l-n = V = i R
[V] = [i] [R]
[M
1
L
2
T
3
A
2
] = [A
1
] [R]
[R] = M
1
L
2
T
3
A
2
(vi) l - iil-i (C) :
C =
V
q
[C] =
] V [
] q [
=
] A T L M [
] T A [
1 3 2 1
1 1

[C] = M
1
L
2
T
4
A
2
(vii) - -+i -i zi (B) :
(+ iiiiti -i nn- ini - -+i n F
m
= i B [F
m
] = [i] [] [B]
[M
1
L
1
T
2
] = [A
1
] [L
1
] [B]
[B] = M
1
L
O
T
2
A
1
(viii) l-i - +i - -+ziin-i (
0
) :
<i =ni-i-- -ii + i- nn-i:

F
=
t

4
o
2
2 1
r
i i
1
2 1 1
L
T L M
=
] 4 [
] [
O
t

2
] L [
] A ][ A [
[
0
] = M
1
L
2
T
2
A
2
(ix) + (L) :
+ n =l-- --+i l-il- -i U =1/2 L i
2
[U] = [1/2] [L] [i]
2
[M
1
L
2
T
2
] = (1) [L] (A)
2
[L] = M
1
L
2
T
2
A
2
(x) -ni -in+-i :
-in+ = -ni it +i <
dt
dQ
= A
|
.
|

\
|
dx
dT
] dt [
] dQ [
= [ ] [A]
] dx [
] dT [
] T [
] T L M [
2 2 1
= [ ] [L
2
]
] L [
] K [
1
[ ] = M
1
L
1
T
3
K
1
(xi) -i+- l--i+ ) (o :
l< l+=i ~i<zi +ii+i +i -i T t. -i -== l+i -i -=- +i <
dt
dE
=o ATT
4
] dt [
] dE [
= ] [o [A] [T
4
]
] T [
] T L M [
2 2 1
= ] [o [L
2
] [K
4
]
] [o = [M
1
L
o
T
3
K
4
]
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
(xii) Wiem +i l--i+ :
~li+-n spectral -i-i + =-l-i- -n<
m
=
T
b
(ti T = ~i<zi +ii+i +i -i)
[
m
] =
] T [
] b [
[L] =
] k [
] b [
[b] = [L
1
K
1
]
ii+ (UNIT)
ii+
ii l-+ ilzii + ni- + z ~ -i i = ni- ni-+i n +- l+ i- t . l-t nizi+ +t- t
SI ii+
=- 1971n (+ ~ --i i = i CGPM - + z nizi+ l-ii l- l+ i ~ -i i = ni- t :- nizi+i
+i SI nizi+ +t- t
1. n ifzi4i + SI ii+
uke i zr hd i fj Hkk"kk
y EckbZ ehVj
m
l u~~
1983
esai fj Hkkf"kr or ZZeku esa
1
ehVj og nwj hgSt ksi zd k' k } kj k
1
l Sd . Md s
299, 792, 458
osaHkkx v FkkZr ~
1/299,792,458
l sd . MesafuokZ r
esar ; d ht kr hgSA
nzO; eku fd y ksxzke
kg
l u~
1889
esai fj Hkkf"kr
1
fd y ksxzke] Iy sfVue bZj hfM; e d sml csy u d k
nzO; eku gSt kseki r kSy d hv Ur j kZ"Vh; l fefr d si kl kal esal hol Z
uked LFkku i sfj l d si kl i j j [ kk gS
l e; l Sd . M
s
1
l Sd . Mog l e; kUr j ky gSft l esal hft e;
-133
i j ek. kq} kj k mRl ft Zr
, d fo' ks"k r j axnS/; Zoky sfofd j . k i zd k' kd s
9,192,631,770
d Ei Uu gksr s
gSaA
(1967)
fo| qr /kkj k , fEi ; j
A
1
, fEi ; j og oS| qr /kkj k gSt ksfuokZr esa
1
ehVj d hnwj hi j fLFkr nksl h/ks
l ekUr j v uUr y EckbZd sr kj ksaesai zokfgr gksusi j ] i zR; sd r kj d hi zfr ehVj
y EckbZi j r kj ksad schp
2 10
7
U; wVu d k cy mRi Uu d j r hgSA
1948

m"ek xfr d
r ki eku
d SfYou
K
1
d sfYou] t y d sf=kd fcUnqd s"ekxfr d r ki d k
1/273.16
ok Hkkx gSA
(1967)
i nkFkZd h
ek=kk
eksy
mol
1
eksy fd l hi nkFkZd hog ek=kk gSft l esaml i nkFkZd sewy v o; oksad h
l a[ ; k d kcZu&
12
esai j ek. kqv ksad hd qy l a[ ; k d s
0.012
fd xzk- d s cj kcj
gSA
(1971)
T; ksfr
r hozr k
d sfUMy k
Cd
d sfUMy k T; ksfr r hozr k gSt ksfd nhxbZfn' kk esa, d o. khZ; L=kksr } kj k
mRi Uu
540 10
12
gV~Zt v ko`fk d sfofd j . k gSr Fkk bl fn' kk esafofd j . k
r hozr k
1/683
okV i zfr LVsj sfM; u gS
(1979)
ewy j kf' k
S I
i ) fr
2. <i s+ ii+ it aiy ny r :
(i) =n-n +ii nizi+ = l- (rad)
(ii) ai= +ii nizi+= -l- (sr)
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
3. -4 s+i u nt+i :
l< ilzi n + n n-i: . < ni- ~i =n (i lzi+i +i
ilzii ) ti ziilnn t . -i -=+ nizi+ +i MKS, CGSi
FPS iini n lnii i =+-i t
MKS siint + fny :
:= iini n n-i:. < ni- ~i =n +i ni. l+ninin ~i =+ n <lzi- l+i i-i t
CGS siint + fny :
:= iini n n-i:. <ni- ~i =n +i +nzi =ini. nin ~i =+ n <lzi- l+i i-i t
FPS siint + fny :
:=n n-i:. < ni- ~i =n +i +nzi +. i- ~i =+ n <lzi- l+i i-i t
4. -4-s-a ifzi4i + SI ii+:
n =
~- n +i nizi+ ti ni m/s
i =
le;
ifjorZu esa osx
=
s
s / m
=
2
s
m
=n = mV
~- = n +i nizi+ ti ni = (kg) (m/s) = kg m/s
n = ma
nizi+ tini = (kg) (m/s
2
) = kg m/s
2
l= (N) +t- t
+i = FS
nizi+ = (N) (m) = N m l+= n (J) +t- t
zil+- =
le;
Z dk;
nizi+ = J / s l= i (w) +t- t
5. + ii fa+ fa4ai +i + ii+ :
"=ilzi+ n i l--i +" (G)
F =
2
2 1
r
) m )( m ( G

2
s
m kg
=
2
m
) kg )( kg ( G
~- nizi+ tini G =
2
3
s kg
m
llzia -ni iil-i +i nizi+
Q = ms AT
J = (kg) (S) (K)
~- nizi+ tini S = J / kg K

0
+i nizi+
<i n- =ni-i- -ii + n nn- ini n tini

F
=
t

4
0
2
2 1
r
i i
m
N
=
) 1 (
0

) m (
(A) ) A (
2

0
+i nizi+ =
2
A
m . N
6. SI asun
ni-i l+ +ii ~i +i n < i 3000 m. ~-
d = 3000 m = 3 1000 m
kilo(k)
= 3 km (ti k (+ -=n t i 1000 (10
3
) + ln( +- ti-i t)
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
ni-i (+ -i +i nii: t = 0.05 m
d = 0.05 m = 5 10 m
-2
centi(c)
= 5 cm (ti c (+ -=n t i (10
2
) + ln( +- t~i t)
:=i +i ii l-+ ilzii +i lnii t - ~li+ i= -+ <n-i t ~- t - ~li+ lnii ~i t - +n lnii
+i = l-i-- = lni- + ln( CGPM - + z -=n l-ii l- l+ t. i 10 +i l-lz-- ii-i + - - t
Power of
10
Prefix Symbol
Power of
10
Prefix Symbol
10
18
Exa (, sDl k) E
10
1
Deci (Msl h) d
10
15
Peta (i sUVk) P
10
2
Centi
(l sUVh)
c
10
12
Tera (Vsj k) T
10
3
Milli (feyh) m
10
9
Giga (fxxk) G
10
6
Micro
(ekbks)

10
6
Mega
(esxk)
M
10
9
Nano (uSuksa) n
10
3
Kilo (fdyks) K
10
12
Pico (fi dks) p
10
2
Hecto
(gsDVks)
h
10
15
Femto
(QsEVks)
f
10
1
Deca
(Msdk)
da
10
18
Atto (, Vks) a
Example 12. l--- +i ni (m) n ll-- +i
(i) 5 m. (ii) 3 km (iii) 20 mm (iv) 73 pm (v) 7.5 nm
Solution : (i) 5 m (ii) 3 km (iii) 20 mm (iv) 73 pm (v) 7.5 nm
= 5 10
6
m = 3 10
3
m = 20 10
3
m = 73 10
12
m =7.5 10
9
m
Example 13. F = 5 N +i CGS n ll-- +i
F = 5
2
s
m kg
= (5)
2
3
s
) cm 100 )( g 10 (
= 5 10
5
3
s
cm g
(CGS system n). := nizi+ (
3
s
cm g
) +i i:- +t- t
Example 14. G = 6.67 10
11
2
3
s kg
m
+i CGS n <ni
G = 6.67 10
11
2
3
s kg
m
= (6.6710
111
)
2
3
s ) g 1000 (
) cm 100 (
= 6.67 10
8
2
3
s g
cm
Example 15. = 2 g/cm
3
+i MKS n <ni
= 2 g/cm
3
= (2)
3 2 -
3
m) (10
kg 10

= 2 10
3
3
m
kg
Example 16. V = 90 km / hour +i m / s n <ni
V = 90 km / hour = (90)
second) 60 (60
) m 1000 (

PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
V = (90)
|
.
|

\
|
3600
1000
s
m
V = 90
18
5
s
m
V = 25 m/s
it4 f-<
hour
km
=
sec
m
n <n- + ln(
18
5
+i nii +n
Example 17. 7 pm +i m n <ni
Solution : ni-i 7 pm = (x) m , ~ LHS ~i RHS <i-i +i ni n <n- t
7 (10
12
) m = (x) x 10
6
m
i-- t ~i x = 7 10
6
~- 7 pm = (710
6
) m
-- ilzii + + z nizi+i + -in -- ail-+i + -in i n( t . l-ti - -= -i zi n t - i n<i- l<i t
7. aifa+i + ai s i ny SI ii+
SI ek=kd
- l a- HkkSfr d j kf' k Ekk=kd dk
uke
Ekk=kd
dkl adsr
vU; ek=kdksa
dsi nksaesa
fu: i . k
ewy ek=kdksds
i nksaesafu: i . k
1.
v ko`fk
(f =
T
1
)
gV~Zt
(hertz)
Hz
s
nksy u
s
-1
2.
cy
(F = ma)
U; wVu
(Newton)
N - - - - - Kg m / s
2
3.
t kZ] d k; Z] ek m"
(W = Fs)
-t wy (Joule) J Nm Kg m
2
/ s
2
4.
nkc] i zfr cy
(P =
A
F
)
i kLd y
(Pascal)
Pa N / m
2
Kg / m s
2
5.
' kfDr ,
( ' kfDr =
t
W
)
okV Watt W J / s Kg m
2
/ s
3
6.
fo| qr v kos' k
(q = it)
d wy ke
(Coulomb)
C - - - - - - A s
7.
fo| qr foHko] fo| qr
okgd cy
(V =
q
U
)
oksYV (Volt) V J / C Kg m
2
/ s
3
A
8.
fo| qr /kkfj r k
(C =
v
q
)
Qsj M
(Farad)
F C / V A
2
s
4
/ kgm
2
9. i zfr j ks/k v kse (Ohm) O V / A kg m
2
/ s
3
A
2
10.
fo| qr pky d r k
(c =
R
1
=
V
I
)
l kbeu
(Siemen)
Egks(mho)
S, A / V s
3
A
2
/ kg m
2
11.
pqEcd h; {kS=k
VsLy k
(Tesla)
T Wb / m
2
Kg / s
2
A
1
12. pqEcd h; y Dl
-oscj
(Weber)
Wb V s or J/A
kg m
2
/ s
2
A
1
13. i zsj d Ro
gsuj h
(Henry)
H Wb / A
kg m
2
/ s
2
A
2
14.
j sfM; ksl f; i nkFkZ
d hl f; r k
csd wj y
(Becquerel)
Bq
l Sd . M
fo?kVu
s
-1
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
8. + ffzia aii + s<i i n ii+i + s<i + SI ii+
SI ek=kd
HkkSfr d j kfl
fof' k"B ukeksadsi nksaesa ewy ek=kdksadsi nkasesa
cy k?kw. kZ( t = Fr) N m Kg m
2
/ s
2
Xkfr d ' ; kur k(F
v
= q A
dr
dv
)
Poiseiulles (P ) or
Pa s
Kg / m s
vkosx (J = F A t) N s Kg m / s
i zR; kLFkr k xq. kkad (Y =
strain
stress
) N / m
2
Kg / m s
2
i `"B r uko fu; r kad (T =

F
) N/m or J/m
2
Kg / s
2
fof' k"V "eh; /kkfj r k (s)
(Q = ms A T)
J/kg K (old unit
is
C . g
cal
)
m
2
s
-2
K
-1
"eh; pky dr k(K)
(
dt
dQ
= KA
dr
dT
)
W / m K m kg s
-3
K
-1
fo| qr {kS=k dhr hozr kE =
q
F
V/m or N/C m kg s
-3
A
-1
xSl fu; r kad (R) (PV = nRT) ; keksy j
"ek /kkfj r k (C =
T M
Q
A
)
J / K mol m
2
kg s
-2
K
-1
mol
-1
ii+ + uii if++ iai sfaa
ni-i l+=i +i n-i: t = 7 cm
feysxk gesa rks cnyuk gks esa
ehVj ;fn bls
=
m
100
7
tn +t =+- t l+ l< tn- nizi+ +i 100 n -i + l<i (cm m), -i ~i l++ ni-
100
1
n -i ti ni
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.
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\
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100
7
7
~- tn t +t =+- t l+ ~i l++ ni-
unit
1
:= tn ~i -il+ = ( = ii +t =+- t
f+ut it iifa+ ifzi +i sfis = (au+i if++ ia) (ii+)
= (n) (u)
f+ut it iifa+ ifzi +i sfii u< uia rni, 4f< r ru f+ut <u ii+ -4a +, a it ru+i
sfii ai art <nni+
~-
i ~i l++ ni-
ekrzd
1
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
Example 18. l< n-i: + nizi+ +i < n -i + -i -i zi+n +i ~i l++ ni- l+-- n -i ti i(ni`
Solution : n-i: + nizi+ +i < n -i +- . -i zi+n +i nizi+ 2
2
= 4 n -i ti i(ni
~- -i zi+n +i ~i l++ ni- (+ -i ii: ti i(ni. +i l+ ~i l++ ni-
ekrzd
1
,
Example 19. (+ -- nn- ini n 5 N t . l< n-i: . ~i =n + nizi+ +i < n -i + l<i i( ~i < ni- +
nizi+ +i ~iii + lni i( -i := -i nizi+ iini n n +i ~i l++ ni- l+--i ti ni`
Solution : n = 5
2
sec
m kg
- l+ n-i: ~i =n + nizi+ +i < n -i ~i < ni- + nizi+ +i ~iii + l<i t ~- n +i nizi+ ti
i(ni
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|
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|
.
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\
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2
) 2 (
2
2
1
=
4
1
n-i
~- n +i ~i l++ ni- 4 n -i ti i(ni (+i l+ ~i l++ ni-
ekrzd
1
)