DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS

Width of Bldg. = 8 m c/c

Length of Bldg.= 16.5 m
Height of eaves= 7.4 m
Number of bayes = 4
Angle of trust (Alfa) = 30 Deg.
Spacing of truss(assumption) = 4.05 m
Height of truss = 2.309 m
Incline length = 4.619 m
Each incline length = 1.540 m
Horizontal length = 1.333 m
Impose loads:
Imposed load = 0.35 KN/m
2
350.00
For purlin = 0.40 KN/m
2
(horizontal area) 402.50
For truss members = 0.27 KN/m
2
(horizontal area) 268.33
Wind loads:
Take basic wind speed(Vb) = 50 cum (Assume)
F = (Cpe - Cpi) X A X P
z
Cpe & Cpi = Force coefficient for exterior & interrior of building. (Ref: Table B7 and Table B9 ;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:309 & 311)
A = Effective area of the structure.
P
z
= Design wind pressure.= 0.6Vz^2
Where,
Design wind speed , Vz = Vb x K1 x K2 x K3
Accroading to the IS:875(part3);
Risk factor, K1 = 1.08 ref; Table B-11, Risk Coefficient K1;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:312)
Height and size factor, K2 = 0.91 ref; Table B-12, K2 factor;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:312)
Topography factor, K3 = 1 K3 = 1 for upward slope < 3; K3 = 1 to 1.36 for upwind slope > 3
Therefore, Vz = 49.14 m/sec.
Design wind pressure (P
z
) = 1448.84 N/m2
Now,
Height of bldg., h = 9.709 m
Width of bldg., w = 8 m
Length of bldg., L = 16.5 m
h/w = 1.21
L/w = 2.06
0.2
Cpi = 0.2
Wind ward Cpe = -0.3
Lee ward Cpe = -0.4
Wind parallel to ridge
Wind ward Cpe = -0.8
Lee ward Cpe = -0.6
Max.wind load for design = 869.31 N/m2 (downward)
Max.wind load for design = -1448.84 N/m2 (Uplift)
Design of purlins
Spacing of purlins = 1.540 m c/c
Weigth of 20gauge CGI sheets = 112.7 N/m2 (Assume)
Size of CGI sheet= 1.8*0.9 m*m
Load on purlins per meter length :
Weight of sheeting = 173.513 N/m
Weight of purlin (Assuming) = 10 kgf/m
100 N/m
Total dead load = 273.513 N/m
Impose load = 536.667 N/m
Wind load = -2230.641 N/m
-724.422
-869.306
-1159.075
-1448.844
Internal air pressure coefficient for normal permeability, Cpi =
Total pressure =(Cpe -Cpi) x Pd
Downward
Wind normal to ridge :
Dead load + impose load = 810.180 N/m
Dead load + wind load = -1957.128 N/m
When wind load is consider permissible stress is increased by 33.33%,
Therefore, dead load + wind load may be considered 33.33% less effective;
Design wind load = -1471.525 N/m; combination of dead & wind load is critical
Maximum bending moment in the purlin = 2413.668 Nm
Yield stress(f
y
) = 250 N/mm
2
Permissible bending stress = 165 N/mm
2
14628.294 mm
3
14.63 Cm
3
Required tubular purlin (as per common steel sections):
Zx = 14.4 Cm
3
Outside Diameter = 76.1 mm
Nominal Bore = 65 mm
Class = Medium
Thickness = 3.65 mm
Weight = 6.53 kg/m
Area of X-section = 8.31 Cm
2
Design Load for roof truss
Loads:
1) Dead loads:
Length along the sloping roof = 4.619 m
Self weight of the truss = 100 N/m2 (Assume @100 N/m2 horizontally)
Gauge of CGI sheet = 20
weight of roofing material = 112.7 N/m2
No. of purling = 8
Weight of purling = 65.3 N/m2
Therefore;
Load due to :
Self weight of truss = 3240.00 N
Roofing material (CGI sheet) = 4216.37 N
Purlins = 2115.72 N
Total = 9572.086 N
No. of panels = 6
Load acting on intermediate panel point = 1595.35 N
Dead load acting on node = 1595.35 N
Dead load acting on shoe = 797.67 N
2) Imposed loads:
Miscellaneouse load (Live loads) = 0.2 N/m2 (Assume)
Total live load = 8724.48 N
Load acting on intermediat panel point = 1454.08 N
Live load acting 0n node = 1454.08 N
Live load acting on shoe = 727.04 N
3) Wind loads:
Total wind load = 1448.84
Wind load acting on one intermediat panel = 9034.10 N
Wind load acting on shoe = 4517.05 N
Therefore, section modulus (Zx) =
N/m
2
N/m
2
N/m
2
Force coefficient for exterior & interrior of building. (Ref: Table B7 and Table B9 ;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:309 & 311)
ref; Table B-11, Risk Coefficient K1;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:312)
ref; Table B-12, K2 factor;( " BOOK = Design of steel structure, second edition, LS Negi", pg:312)
K3 = 1 for upward slope < 3; K3 = 1 to 1.36 for upwind slope > 3
Cpi = -0.2
-579.538
Total pressure =(Cpe -Cpi) x Pd
-144.884
-289.769
Uplift
-869.306
N/m; combination of dead & wind load is critical
Load Combinations:
Angle of trust, = 30 Deg.
Angle of trust, = 49.11 Deg.
Angle of trust, = 60.00 Deg.
Dead load acting on node = 1.595 kN
Dead load acting on shoe = 0.798 kN
1.45 kN
Wind load acting on one intermediat panel = 9.03 kN
Wind load acting on shoe = 4.52 kN
Sign convention (Compression -ve, tension +ve)
Imposed load Wind load Maximum Minimum
(b) (c ) (a+b) (a+c) / 1.33 KN KN
Principal LoU1 -7.27 39.12 -15.25 23.42
Rafter U1U2 -7.27 44.33 -15.25 27.34
Rafter U2U3 -5.82 39.12 -12.20 24.61
Main tie L0L1 6.30 -31.62 13.20 -18.58
Main tie L1L2 5.04 -22.59 10.56 -12.83
Main tie L2L3 3.78 -13.55 7.92 -7.07
Main sling U3L2 2.52 -18.07 5.28 -11.51 5.28 -11.51
Main strut U2L2 -2.18 15.65 -4.57 9.97 9.97 -4.57
Minor sling U2L1 1.92 -13.80 4.03 -8.79 4.03 -8.79
Minor strut U1L1 -1.45 10.43 -3.05 6.64 6.64 -3.05 -1.60
Design load
27.34 -15.25
13.20 -18.58 5.53
4.14
2.76
-2.39
-7.98
-7.98
-6.38
6.91
2.11
1) Dead loads:
2) Imposed loads:
3) Wind loads:
Member
Forece (KN) due to
Load combination
Dead laod
(a)
Design of truss member
1) Rafter (L0-U3 & U3-L5):
27.34 KN; Tension
15.25 KN; Compression
Effective length, l = 1077.72 mm; since rafter is continuous over panel points
Maximum bending moment = 3175.11 Nm
19243.11 mm
3
19.24 Cm
3
Section type = Medium
Nominal bore, d = 160 mm
Outer diameter, D = 165.1 mm
Weight per meter, w1 = 19.2 kgf/m
Radius of gyration, r = 56.7 mm
Yield stress of steel, fy = 250 N/mm2
Ratio, (l/r) = 19.01
Permissible stress in axial compression,
ac
= 148.92 N/mm2
Permissible direct stress in axial tension,
at
= 150 N/mm2
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 11.71 N/mm2; Safe in compression
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 20.99 N/mm2; Safe in tension
2) Main ties (Lo-L5):
13.20 KN; Tension
18.58 KN; Compression
Effective length, l = 933.33 mm
Maximum bending moment = 1618.52 Nm
9809.19 mm
3
9.81 Cm
3
Section type = Medium
Nominal bore, d = 90 mm
Outer diameter, D = 101.6 mm
Weight per meter, w1 = 9.75 kgf/m
Radius of gyration, r = 34.5 mm
Ratio, (l/r) = 27.05
Permissible stress in axial compression,
ac
= 146.61 N/mm2
Permissible direct stress in axial tension,
at
= 150 N/mm2
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 14.27 N/mm2; Safe in compression
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 10.14 N/mm2; Safe in tension
3) Main sling (U3L2 & U3L3):
5.28 KN; Tension
11.51 KN; Compression
Effective length, l = 2266.67 mm; since ends of copression section partially restrained for lateral bending
Maximum bending moment = 5912.30 Nm
35832.09 mm
3
35.83 Cm
3
Section type = Medium
Nominal bore, d = 90 mm
Outer diameter, D = 101.6 mm
Weight per meter, w1 = 9.75 kgf/m
Radius of gyration, r = 34.5 mm
Ratio, (l/r) = 65.70
Permissible stress in axial compression,
ac
= 116.48 N/mm2
Permissible direct stress in axial tension,
at
= 150 N/mm2
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 8.84 N/mm2; Safe in compression
Section adopted for rolled steel beam
Section adopted for rolled steel beam
Section adopted for rolled steel beam
Design load =
Therefore, section modulus (Zx) =
Design load =
Therefore, section modulus (Zx) =
Design load =
Therefore, section modulus (Zx) =
Actual compression stress,
ac,cal
= 4.06 N/mm2; Safe in tension
mm; since ends of copression section partially restrained for lateral bending
U3
U
1
U
4
U
1
U
5
fig: Truss components
L4 L3 L5 Lo L1 L2
1
.5
4
m
1
.5
4
m
1
.5
4
m
1
.5
4
m
1
.5
4
m
1
.5
4
m
= 30 = 49 = 60
1.333 m
fig: Truss
1.333 m 1.333 m 1.333 m 1.333 m 1.333 m
fig: Wind load
9
.0
3
4
K
N
9
.0
3
4
K
N
1.595 KN
1.595 KN 1.595 KN
1.595 KN
fig: Dead load
23.471 KN 23.471 KN
4
.5
1
7
K
N
4.786 KN
9
.0
3
4
K
N
4
.5
1
7
K
N
9
.0
3
4
K
N
4
.5
1
7
K
N
1.595 KN
4.786 KN
4
.5
1
7
K
N
0.798 KN 0.798 KN
3.912 KN
fig: Wind load components
2.259 KN 2.259 KN
4.517 KN
3.912 KN
4.517 KN 4.517 KN
4.517 KN
7.824 KN
7.824 KN
7.824 KN
7.824 KN
7.824 KN
4.517 KN