A Report on pumps- CH 2052

What is a pump?
A pump is a machine which converts mechanical energy to fluid energy (potential or kinetic), fluid being
incompressible. This can be also considered as an action completely opposite that of a turbine.
In pumps the movement of a blade system or other mechanism moves the fluid which is always in
contact with blade converting mechanical energy of the mechanism to kinetic energy. For a perfect
conversion blade need to be in contact with the fluid at al places, simply the blade system should be
completely immersed in fluid.
Classification of pumps
Based on the mechanism and other distinguish characteristics pumps can be classified in many ways
Based on Operating principle
According to head and discharge
According to Head and Discharge
According to specific speed
According to direction of flow in impeller
Operating Principle
Out of the methods mentioned above this is the most common classification in order for educational
purposes. So lets classify pumps in this manner more deeply.
This diagram gives a brief idea on the
classification.
In rotodynamic pumps the energy is transferred
by rotary motion and by dynamic action. The
rotating blade system imparts a force on the
fluid, which is in contact with the blade system at
all points, thereby making the fluid to move.
In all positive displacement pumps, pumps are
reciprocating, screw, ram, plunger, gear, lobe,
perialistic, diaphram, radial piston, axial piston
etc.


According to Head and discharge
This is done according to the head and the quantity of flow to be pumped. Customer can pick the pump
based on his need.
Specific Speed
accurate method of pump selection is based on the non-dimensional parameter called specific speed
which takes into account speed of the pump along with head and discharge.
Specific speed, ns =3.65((Q)
1/n
/H
3/4
)
Where,
nsspecific speed,nspeed in rpm, Qdischarge in m3/sec, Hhead in m.
Direction of flow in Impeller
This classification is about direction of flow in the fluid in impeller of the pump such as radial or
centrifugal flow, mixed or diagonal flow and axial flow.
Given below are some images of different pump types.
Reciprocating
Centrifugal
Rotary pump


Centrifugal pumps

Centrifugal pumps can be further classified as
End suction pumps
In- line pumps
Double suction pumps
Vertical multistage pumps
Horizontal multistage pumps
Submersible pumps
Self-priming pumps
Axial-flow pumps
Regenerative pumps
Applications

Agricultural pumps Lifting water from low level to high level
Process pumps Chemical industries
Jet pump Used along with centrifugal pumps
Hydraulic ram Pumping water to villages by river









Akalanka P.D.R
100023A