FOREWORD

Construction of government infrastructure facilities of the highest

quality has always been the primary mandate of the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH) Cogni!ant of the importance of providing
effective standard specifications to be used in the implementation of
pro"ects that will produce sound# durable and economical structures# this
Department has revised the $%%& edition of the DPWH 'tandard
'pecifications for Highways# (ridges and )irports (*olume ++)
,he revision was made in response to some valid comments on
the use of said specifications to suit the actual field conditions and in
consonance with the policy direction of the Department to improve the
quality of infrastructure pro"ects )ll previous amendments made as well
as new specifications developed were considered and included in this
-../ edition# for the guidance and compliance of all concerned
FLORANTE SORIQUEZ
)cting 'ecretary
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STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
*43271 ++
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540 H+9HW):'# (0+D91' )6D )+0P40,
01P2(3+C 45 ,H1 PH+3+PP+61'
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455+C1 45 ,H1 '1C01,)0:
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STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
( IN THREE VOLUMES )
2004
;anuary -/# -..&
+t is hereby directed that henceforth# the DPWH 'tandard
'pecifications for Public Works and Highways -../ 1dition< *olume ++ =
Highways# (ridges and )irports shall be adopted in the implementation of
all infrastructure pro"ects of said categories> e?cept for pro"ects which
have already been advertised for bids and for which specifications other
than the above standards have been adopted Where necessary# these
'tandard 'pecifications shall be supplemented by special provisions
5or strict compliance
)ll previous issuances contrary with this 4rder are hereby
revoked
'9D
FLORANTE SORIQUEZ
)cting 'ecretary
Department
4rder
6o -/
'eries of -..&
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)
)
)
'2(;1C, < DPWH St!"#" S$%&'('&t')!* ()# P+,-'& W)#.* !"
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PART C 7 EARTHWORK
ITEM 800 7 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
80068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of clearing# grubbing# removing and disposing all vegetation and debris
as designated in the Contract# e?cept those ob"ects that are designated to remain in place or are to be
removed in consonance with other provisions of this 'pecification ,he work shall also include the
preservation from in"ury or defacement of all ob"ects designated to remain
80062 C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
8006268 G%!%#-
,he 1ngineer will establish the limits of work and designate all trees# shrubs# plants and other
things to remain ,he Contractor shall preserve all ob"ects designated to remain Paint required for cut
or scarred surface of trees or shrubs selected for retention shall be an approved asphaltum base paint
prepared especially for tree surgery
Clearing shall e?tend one ($) meter beyond the toe of the fill slopes or beyond rounding of cut
slopes as the case maybe for the entire length of the pro"ect unless otherwise shown on the plans or as
directed by the 1ngineer and provided it is within the right of way limits of the pro"ect# with the e?ception
of trees under the "urisdiction of the 5orest 7anagement (ureau (57()
8006262 C-%#'!/ !" G#+,,'!/
)ll surface ob"ects and all trees# stumps# roots and other protruding obstructions# not
designated to remain# shall be cleared and@or grubbed# including mowing as required# e?cept as provided
below<
($) 0emoval of undisturbed stumps and roots and nonperishable solid ob"ects with a
minimum depth of one ($) meter below subgrade or slope of embankment will not be
required
(-) +n areas outside of the grading limits of cut and embankment areas# stumps and
nonperishable solid ob"ects shall be cut off not more than $&. mm (A inches) above
the ground line or low water level
(B) +n areas to be rounded at the top of cut slopes# stumps shall be cut off flush with or
below the surface of the final slope line
(/) 9rubbing of pits# channel changes and ditches will be required only to the depth
necessitated by the proposed e?cavation within such areas
(&) +n areas covered by cogon@talahib# wild grass and other vegetations# top soil shall be cut
to a ma?imum depth of $&. mm below the original ground surface or as designated
by the 1ngineer# and disposed outside the clearing and grubbing limits as indicated
in the typical roadway section
1?cept in areas to be e?cavated# stump holes and other holes from which obstructions are
removed shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted to the required density
+f perishable material is burned# it shall be burned under the constant care of component
watchmen at such times and in such a manner that the surrounding vegetation# other ad"acent property#
or anything designated to remain on the right of way will not be "eopardi!ed +f permitted# burning shall
be done in accordance with applicable laws# ordinances# and regulation
,he Contractor shall use high intensity burning procedures# (ie# incinerators# high stacking
or pit and ditch burning with forced air supplements) that produce intense burning with little or no visible
smoke emission during the burning process )t the conclusion of each burning session# the fire shall be
completely e?tinguished so that no smoldering debris remains
+n the event that the Contractor is directed by the 1ngineer not to start burning operations or
to suspend such operations because of ha!ardous weather conditions# material to be burned which
interferes with subsequent construction operations shall be moved by the Contractor to temporary
locations clear of construction operations and later# if directed by the 1ngineer# shall be placed on a
designated spot and burned
7aterials and debris which cannot be burned and perishable materials may be disposed off
by methods and at locations approved by the 1ngineer# on or off the pro"ect +f disposal is by burying#
the debris shall be placed in layers with the material so disturbed to avoid nesting 1ach layer shall be
covered or mi?ed with earth material by the landCfill method to fill all voids ,he top layer of material
buried shall be covered with at least B.. mm ($- inches) of earth or other approved material and shall be
graded# shaped and compacted to present a pleasing appearance +f the disposal location is off the
pro"ect# the Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements with property owners in writing for
obtaining suitable disposal locations which are outside the limits of view from the pro"ect ,he cost
involved shall be included in the unit bid price ) copy of such agreement shall be furnished to the
1ngineer ,he disposal areas shall be seeded# fertili!ed and mulched at the ContractorDs e?pense
Woody material may be disposed off by chipping ,he wood chips may be used for mulch#
slope erosion control or may be uniformly spread over selected areas as directed by the 1ngineer
Wood chips used as mulch for slope erosion control shall have a ma?imum thickness of $- mm ($@- inch)
and faces not e?ceeding B%.. mm
-
(A square inches) on any individual surface area Wood chips not
designated for use under other sections shall be spread over the designated areas in layers not to
e?ceed E& mm (B inches) loose thickness Diseased trees shall be buried or disposed off as directed by
the 1ngineer
)ll merchantable timber in the clearing area which has not been removed from the right of
way prior to the beginning of construction shall become the property of the Contractor# unless otherwise
provided
3ow hanging branches and unsound or unsightly branches on trees or shrubs designated to
remain shall be trimmed as directed (ranches of trees e?tending over the roadbed shall be trimmed to
give a clear height of A m (-. feet) above the roadbed surface )ll trimming shall be done by skilled
workmen and in accordance with good tree surgery practices
,imber cut inside the area staked for clearing shall be felled within the area to be cleared
800626: I!"';'"+- R%5);- )( T#%%* )# St+5$*
+ndividual trees or stumps designated by the 1ngineer for removal and located in areas other
than those established for clearing and grubbing and roadside cleanup shall be removed and disposed
off as specified under 'ubsection $..-- e?cept trees removed shall be cut as nearly flush with the
ground as practicable without removing stumps
8006: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
7easurement will be by one or more of the following alternate methods<
$ )rea (asis ,he work to be paid for shall be the number of hectares and
fractions thereof acceptably cleared and grubbed within the limits indicated on the
Plans or as may be ad"usted in field staking by the 1ngineer )reas not within
the clearing and grubbing limits shown on the Plans or not staked for clearing and
grubbing will not be measured for payment
- 3umpC'um (asis When the (ill of Fuantities contains a Clearing and 9rubbing
lumpCsum item# no measurement of area will be made for such item
B +ndividual 2nit (asis ('elective Clearing) ,he diameter of trees will be
measured at a height of $/ m (&/ inches) above the ground ,rees less than
$&. mm (A inches) in diameter will not be measured for payment
When (ill of Fuantities indicates measurement of trees by individual unit basis# the units will
be designated and measured in accordance with the following schedule of si!es<
Diameter at height of $/ m Pay +tem Designation
4ver $&. mm to %.. mm 'mall
4ver %.. mm 3arge
80064 B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $..B# shall be paid for at the
Contract unit price for each of the Pay +tems listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities# which
price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.. ($) Clearing and 9rubbing Hectare
$.. (-) Clearing and 9rubbing 3ump 'um
$.. (B) +ndividual 0emoval of
,rees# 'mall
1ach
$.. (/) +ndividual removal of
,rees# 3arge
1ach
ITEM 808 7 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS
80868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the removal wholly or in part# and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings# fences# structures# old pavements# abandoned pipe lines# and any other obstructions which are
not designated or permitted to remain# e?cept for the obstructions to be removed and disposed off under
other items in the Contract +t shall also include the salvaging of designated materials and backfilling the
resulting trenches# holes# and pits
80862 C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
8086268 G%!%#-
,he Contractor shall perform the work described above# within and ad"acent to the roadway#
on 9overnment land or easement# as shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer )ll designated
salvable material shall be removed# without unnecessary damage# in sections or pieces which may be
readily transported# and shall be stored by the Contractor at specified places on the pro"ect or as
otherwise shown in the 'pecial Provisions Perishable material shall be handled as designated in
'ubsection $..-- 6onperishable material may be disposed off outside the limits of view from the
pro"ect with written permission of the property owner on whose property the material is placed Copies
of all agreements with property owners are to be furnished to the 1ngineer (asements or cavities left
by the structure removal shall be filled with acceptable material to the level of the surrounding ground
and# if within the prism of construction# shall be compacted to the required density
8086262 R%5);- )( E<'*t'!/ B#'"/%*3 C+-;%#t*3 !" )t0%# D#'!/% St#+&t+#%*
)ll e?isting bridges# culverts and other drainage structures in use by traffic shall not be
removed until satisfactory arrangements have been made to accommodate traffic ,he removal of
e?isting culverts within embankment areas will be required only as necessary for the installation of new
structures )bandoned culverts shall be broken down# crushed and sealed or plugged )ll retrieved
culvert for future use as determined by the 1ngineer shall be carefully removed and all precautions
shall be employed to avoid breakage or structural damage to any of its part )ll sections of structures
removed which are not designated for stockpiling or reClaying shall become the property of the
9overnment and be removed from the pro"ect or disposed off in a manner approved by the 1ngineer
2nless otherwise directed# the substructures of e?isting structures shall be removed down to
the natural stream bottom and those parts outside of the stream shall be removed down to at least B..
mm ($- inches) below natural ground surface Where such portions of e?isting structures lie wholly or in
part within the limits for a new structure# they shall be removed as necessary to accommodate the
construction of the proposed structure
'teel bridges and wood bridges when specified to be salvaged shall be carefully dismantled
without damaged 'teel members shall be match marked unless such match marking is waived by the
1ngineer )ll salvaged material shall be stored as specified in 'ubsection $.$-$
'tructures designated to become the property of the Contractor shall be removed from the
rightCofCway
(lasting or other operations necessary for the removal of an e?isting structure or obstruction#
which may damage new construction# shall be completed prior to placing the new work# unless otherwise
provided in the 'pecial Provisions
808626: R%5);- )( P'$%* Ot0%# t0! P'$% C+-;%#t*
2nless otherwise provided# all pipes shall be carefully removed and every precaution taken to
avoid breakage or damaged Pipes to be relaid shall be removed and stored when necessary so that
there will be no loss of damage before reClaying ,he Contractor shall replace sections lost from storage
or damage by negligence# at his own e?pense
8086264 R%5);- )( E<'*t'!/ P;%5%!t3 S'"%1-.*3 C+#,*3 %t&6
)ll concrete pavement# base course# sidewalks# curbs# gutters# etc# designated for removal#
shall be<
($) (roken into pieces and used for riprap on the pro"ect# or
(-) (roken into pieces# the si!e of which shall not e?ceed B.. mm ($- inches) in any
dimension and stockpiled at designated locations on the pro"ect for use by the
9overnment# or
(B) 4therwise demolished and disposed off as directed by the 1ngineer When
specified# ballast# gravel# bituminous materials or other surfacing or pavement
materials shall be removed and stockpiled as required in 'ubsection $.$-$#
otherwise such materials shall be disposed off as directed
,here will be no separate payment for e?cavating for removal of structures and obstructions
or for backfilling and compacting the remaining cavity
8086: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
When the Contract stipulates that payment will be made for removal of obstructions on lumpC
sum basis# the pay item will include all structures and obstructions encountered within the roadway
Where the contract stipulates that payment will be made for the removal of specific items on a unit basis#
measurement will be made by the unit stipulated in the Contract
Whenever the (ill of Fuantities does not contain an item for any aforementioned removals#
the work will not be paid for directly# but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor
under other Contract +tems
80864 B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.$B# shall be paid for at the
Contract unit price or lump sum price bid for each of the Pay +tems listed below that is included in the (ill
of Fuantities which price and payment shall be full compensation for removing and disposing of
obstructions# including materials# labor# equipments# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
work prescribed in this +tem ,he price shall also include backfilling# salvage of materials removed# their
custody# preservation# storage on the rightCofCway and disposal as provided herein
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.$ ($) 0emoval of 'tructures and
4bstruction
3ump 'um
$.$ (-) 0emoval of 1ach
$.$ (B) 0emoval of 'quare 7eter
$.$ (/) 0emoval of 3inear 7eter
ITEM 802 7 E=CAVATION
80268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of roadway and drainage and borrow e?cavation and the disposal of
material in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades and dimensions
shown on the Plans or established by the 1ngineer
8026868 R)"12 E<&;t')!
0oadway e?cavation will include e?cavation and grading for roadways# parking areas#
intersections# approaches# slope rounding# benching# waterways and ditches> removal of unsuitable
material from the roadbed and beneath embankment areas> and e?cavating selected material found in
the roadway as ordered by the 1ngineer for specific use in the improvement 0oadway e?cavation will
be classified as Gunclassified e?cavationH# Grock e?cavationH# Gcommon e?cavationH# or Gmuck e?cavationH
as indicated in the (ill of Fuantities and hereinafter described
($) 2nclassified 1?cavation 2nclassified e?cavation shall consist of the e?cavation
and disposal of all materials regardless of its nature# not classified and included in
the (ill of Fuantities under other pay items
(-) 0ock 1?cavation 0ock e?cavation shall consist of igneous# sedimentary and
metamorphic rock which cannot be e?cavated without blasting or the use of rippers#
and all boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of $ cubic meter or
more as determined by physical measurements or visually by the 1ngineer
(B) Common 1?cavation Common e?cavations shall consist of all e?cavation not
included in the (ill of Fuantities under Grock e?cavationH or other pay items
(/) 7uck 1?cavation 7uck e?cavation shall consist of the removal and disposal of
deposits of saturated or unsaturated mi?tures of soils and organic matter not suitable
for foundation material regardless of moisture content
8026862 B)##)1 E<&;t')!
(orrow e?cavation shall consist of the e?cavation and utili!ation of approved material
required for the construction of embankments or for other portions of the work# and shall be obtained
from approved sources# in accordance with Clause A$ and the following<
($) (orrow# Case $
(orrow Case $ will consist of material obtained from sources designated
on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions
(-) (orrow# Case -
(orrow Case - will consist of material obtained from sources provided by the
Contractor
,he material shall meet the quality requirements determined by the 1ngineer unless
otherwise provided in the Contract
80262 C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
8026268 G%!%#-
When there is evidence of discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the
Plans# a preCconstruction survey referred to the datum plane used in the approved Plan shall be
undertaken by the Contractor under the control of the 1ngineer to serve as basis for the computation of
the actual volume of the e?cavated materials
)ll e?cavations shall be finished to reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces 6o materials
shall be wasted without authority of the 1ngineer 1?cavation operations shall be conducted so that
material outside of the limits of slopes will not be disturbed Prior to e?cavation# all necessary clearing
and grubbing in that area shall have been performed in accordance with +tem $..# Clearing and
9rubbing
8026262 C)!*%#;t')! )( T)$*)'-
Where provided for on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions# suitable topsoil encountered in
e?cavation and on areas where embankment is to be placed shall be removed to such e?tent and to
such depth as the 1ngineer may direct ,he removed topsoil shall be transported and deposited in
storage piles at locations approved by the 1ngineer ,he topsoil shall be completely removed to the
required depth from any designated area prior to the beginning of regular e?cavation or embankment
work in the area and shall be kept separate from other e?cavated materials for later use
802626: Ut'-'>t')! )( E<&;t%" Mt%#'-*
)ll suitable material removed from the e?cavation shall be used in the formation of the
embankment# subgrade# shoulders# slopes# bedding# and backfill for structures# and for other purposes
shown on the Plans or as directed
,he 1ngineer will designate as unsuitable those soils that cannot be properly compacted in
embankments )ll unsuitable material shall be disposed off as shown on the Plans or as directed
without delay to the Contractor
4nly approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments and backfills
)ll e?cess material# including rock and boulders that cannot be used in embankments shall
be disposed off as directed
7aterial encountered in the e?cavation and determined by the 1ngineer as suitable for
topping# road finishing# slope protection# or other purposes shall be conserved and utili!ed as directed by
the 1ngineer
(orrow material shall not be placed until after the readily accessible roadway e?cavation has
been placed in the fill# unless otherwise permitted or directed by the 1ngineer +f the Contractor places
morI borrow than is required and thereby causes a waste of e?cavation# the amount of such waste will
be deducted from the borrow volume
8026264 P#%1t%#'!/
1?cavation areas and borrow pits may be prewatered before e?cavating the material When
prewatering is used# the areas to be e?cavated shall be moistened to the full depth# from the surface to
the bottom of the e?cavation ,he water shall be controlled so that the e?cavated material will contain
the proper moisture to permit compaction to the specified density with the use of standard compacting
equipment Prewatering shall be supplemented where necessary# by truck watering units# to ensure that
the embankment material contains the proper moisture at the time of compaction
,he Contractor shall provide drilling equipment capable of suitably checking the moisture
penetration to the full depth of the e?cavation
802626? P#%*$-'tt'!/
2nless otherwise provided in the Contract# rock e?cavation which requires drilling and
shooting shall be presplit
Presplitting to obtain faces in the rock and shale formations shall be performed by< ($) drilling
holes at uniform intervals along the slope lines# (-) loading and stemming the holes with appropriate
e?plosives and stemming material# and (B) detonating the holes simultaneously
Prior to starting drilling operations for presplitting# the Contractor shall furnish the 1ngineer a
plan outlining the position of all drill holes# depth of drilling# type of e?plosives to be used# loading pattern
and sequence of firing ,he drilling and blasting plan is for record purposes only and will not absolve the
Contractor of his responsibility for using proper drilling and blasting procedures Controlled blasting
shall begin with a short test section of a length approved by the 1ngineer ,he test section shall be
presplit# production drilled and blasted and sufficient material e?cavated whereby the 1ngineer can
determine if the ContractorDs methods are satisfactory ,he 1ngineer may order discontinuance of the
presplitting when he determines that the materials encountered have become unsuitable for being
presplit
,he holes shall be charged with e?plosives of the si!e# kind# strength# and at the spacing
suitable for the formations being presplit# and with stemming material which passes a %& mm (B@J inch)
standard sieve and which has the qualities for proper confinement of the e?plosives
,he finished presplit slope shall be reasonably uniform and free of loose rock *ariance from
the true plane of the e?cavated backslope shall not e?ceed B.. mm ($- inches)> however# locali!ed
irregularities or surface variations that do not constitute a safety ha!ard or an impairment to drainage
courses or facilities will be permitted
) ma?imum offset of A.. mm (-/ inches) will be permitted for a construction working bench
at the bottom of each lift for use in drilling the ne?t lower presplitting pattern
802626@ E<&;t')! )( D't&0%*3 G+tt%#*3 %t&6
)ll materials e?cavated from side ditches and gutters# channel changes# irrigation ditches#
inlet and outlet ditches# toe ditchers# furrow ditches# and such other ditches as may be designated on the
Plans or staked by the 1ngineer# shall be utili!ed as provided in 'ubsection $.--B
Ditches shall conform to the slope# grade# and shape of the required crossCsection# with no
pro"ections of roots# stumps# rock# or similar matter ,he Contractor shall maintain and keep open and
free from leaves# sticks# and other debris all ditches dug by him until final acceptance of the work
5urrow ditches shall be formed by plowing a continuous furrow along the line staked by the
1ngineer 7ethods other than plowing may be used if acceptable to the 1ngineer ,he ditches shall be
cleaned out by hand shovel work# by ditcher# or by some other suitable method# throwing all loose
materials on the downhill side so that the bottom of the finished ditch shall be appro?imately /&. mm ($J
inches) below the crest of the loose material piled on the downhill side Hand finish will not be required#
but the flow lines shall be in satisfactory shape to provide drainage without overflow
802626A E<&;t')! )( R)",%" L%;%-
0ock shall be e?cavated to a depth of $&. mm (A inches) below subgrade within the limits of
the roadbed# and the e?cavation backfilled with material designated on the Plans or approved by the
1ngineer and compacted to the required density
When e?cavation methods employed by the Contractor leave undrained pockets in the rock
surface# the Contractor shall at his own e?pense# properly drain such depressions or when permitted by
the 1ngineer fill the depressions with approved impermeable material
7aterial below subgrade# other than solid rock shall be thoroughly scarified to a depth of $&.
mm (A inches) and the moisture content increased or reduced# as necessary# to bring the material
throughout this $&. mm layer to the moisture content suitable for ma?imum compaction ,his layer shall
then be compacted in accordance with 'ubsection $./BB
802626B B)##)1 A#%*
,he Contractor shall notify the 1ngineer sufficiently in advance of opening any borrow areas
so that crossCsection elevations and measurements of the ground surface after stripping may be taken#
and the borrow material can be tested before being used 'ufficient time for testing the borrow material
shall be allowed
)ll borrow areas shall be bladed and left in such shape as to permit accurate measurements
after e?cavation has been completed ,he Contractor shall not e?cavate beyond the dimensions and
elevations established# and no material shall be removed prior to the staking out and crossCsectioning of
the site ,he finished borrow areas shall be appro?imately true to line and grade established and
specified and shall be finished# as prescribed in Clause A$# 'tandard 'pecifications for Public Works and
Highways# *olume $ When necessary to remove fencing# the fencing shall be replaced in at least as
good condition as it was originally ,he Contractor shall be responsible for the confinement of livestock
when a portion of the fence is removed
802626C R%5);- )( U!*+'t,-% Mt%#'-
Where the Plans show the top portion of the roadbed to be selected topping# all unsuitable
materials shall be e?cavated to the depth necessary for replacement of the selected topping to the
required compacted thickness
Where e?cavation to the finished graded section results in a subgrade or slopes of unsuitable
soil# the 1ngineer may require the Contractor to remove the unsuitable material and backfill to the
finished graded section with approved material ,he Contractor shall conduct his operations in such a
way that the 1ngineer can take the necessary crossCsectional measurements before the backfill is
placed
,he e?cavation of muck shall be handled in a manner that will not permit the entrapment of
muck within the backfill ,he material used for backfilling up to the ground line or water level# whichever
is higher# shall be rock or other suitable granular material selected from the roadway e?cavation# if
available +f not available# suitable material shall be obtained from other approved sources 2nsuitable
material removed shall be disposed off in designated areas shown on the Plans or approved by the
1ngineer
8026: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he cost of e?cavation of material which is incorporated in the Works or in other areas of fill
shall be deemed to be included in the +tems of Work where the material is used
7easurement of 2nsuitable or 'urplus 7aterial shall be the net volume in its original position
5or measurement purposes# surplus suitable material shall be calculated as the difference
between the net volume of suitable material required to be used in embankment corrected by applying a
shrinkage factor or a swell factor in case of rock e?cavation# determined by laboratory tests to get its
original volume measurement# and the net volume of suitable material from e?cavation in the original
position 'eparate pay items shall be provided for surplus common# unclassified and rock material
,he Contractor shall be deemed to have included in the contract unit prices all costs of
obtaining land for the disposal of unsuitable or surplus material
80264 B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.-B shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the Pay +tems listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities which
price and payment shall be full compensation for the removal and disposal of e?cavated materials
including all labor# equipment# tools# and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this
+tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.- ($) 2nsuitable 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
$.- (-) 'urplus Common 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
$.- (B) 'urplus 0ock 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
$.- (/) 'urplus 2nclassified 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
ITEM 80: 7 STRUCTURE E=CAVATION
80:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the necessary e?cavation for foundation of bridges# culverts#
underdrains# and other structures not otherwise provided for in the 'pecifications 1?cept as otherwise
provided for pipe culverts# the backfilling of completed structures and the disposal of all e?cavated
surplus materials# shall be in accordance with these 'pecifications and in reasonably close conformity
with the Plans or as established by the 1ngineer
,his +tem shall include necessary diverting of live streams# bailing# pumping# draining#
sheeting# bracing# and the necessary construction of cribs and cofferdams# and furnishing the materials
therefore# and the subsequent removal of cribs and cofferdams and the placing of all necessary backfill
+t shall also include the furnishing and placing of approved foundation fill material to replace
unsuitable material encountered below the foundation elevation of structures
6o allowance will be made for classification of different types of material encountered
80:62 C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
80:6268 C-%#'!/ !" G#+,,'!/
Prior to starting e?cavation operations in any area# all necessary clearing and grubbing in that
area shall have been performed in accordance with +tem $..# Clearing and 9rubbing
80:6262 E<&;t')!
($) 9eneral# all structures ,he Contractor shall notify the 1ngineer sufficiently in
advance of the beginning of any e?cavation so that crossCsectional elevations and
measurements may be taken on the undisturbed ground ,he natural ground
ad"acent to the structure shall not be disturbed without permission of the 1ngineer
,renches or foundation pits for structures or structure footings shall be e?cavated
to the lines and grades or elevations shown on the Plans or as staked by the
1ngineer ,hey shall be of sufficient si!e to permit the placing of structures or
structure footings of the full width and length shown ,he elevations of the bottoms
of footings# as shown on the Plans# shall be considered as appro?imate only and the
1ngineer may order# in writing# such changes in dimensions or elevations of footings
as may be deemed necessary# to secure a satisfactory foundation
(oulders# logs# and other ob"ectionable materials encountered in e?cavation shall
be removed
)fter each e?cavation is completed# the Contractor shall notify the 1ngineer to
that effect and no footing# bedding material or pipe culvert shall be placed until the
1ngineer has approved the depth of e?cavation and the character of the foundation
material
(-) 'tructures other than pipe culverts )ll rock or other hard foundation materials shall
be cleaned all loose materials# and cut to a firm surface# either level# stepped# or
serrated as directed by the 1ngineer )ll seams or crevices shall be cleaned and
grouted )ll loose and disintegrated rocks and thin strata shall be removed When
the footing is to rest on material other than rock# e?cavation to final grade shall not
be made until "ust before the footing is to be placed When the foundation material
is soft or mucky or otherwise unsuitable# as determined by the 1ngineer# the
Contractor shall remove the unsuitable material and backfill with approved granular
material ,his foundation fill shall be placed and compacted in $&. mm (A inches)
layers up to the foundation elevation
When foundation piles are used# the e?cavation of each pit shall be completed
before the piles are driven and any placing of foundation fill shall be done after the
piles are driven )fter the driving is completed# all loose and displaced materials
shall be removed# leaving a smooth# solid bed to receive the footing
(B) Pipe Culverts ,he width of the pipe trench shall be sufficient to permit satisfactory
"ointing of the pipe and thorough tamping of the bedding material under and around
the pipe
Where rock# hardpan# or other unyielding material is encountered# it shall be
removed below the foundation grade for a depth of at least B.. mm or / mm for
each $.. mm of fill over the top of pipe# whichever is greater# but not to e?ceed
threeCquarters of the vertical inside diameter of the pipe ,he width of the
e?cavation shall be at least B.. mm ($- inches) greater than the hori!ontal outside
diameter of the pipe ,he e?cavation below grade shall be backfilled with selected
fine compressible material# such as silty clay or loam# and lightly compacted in
layers not over $&. mm (A inches) in uncompacted depth to form a uniform but
yielding foundation
Where a firm foundation is not encountered at the grade established# due to soft#
spongy# or other unstable soil# such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of at
least one diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed to the depth directed
by the 1ngineer and replaced with approved granular foundation fill material properly
compacted to provide adequate support for the pipe# unless other special
construction methods are called for on the Plans
,he foundation surface shall provide a firm foundation of uniform density
throughout the length of the culvert and# if directed by the 1ngineer# shall be
cambered in the direction parallel to the pipe centerline
Where pipe culverts are to be placed in trenches e?cavated in embankments# the
e?cavation of each trench shall be performed after the embankment has been
constructed to a plane parallel to the proposed profile grade and to such height
above the bottom of the pipe as shown on the Plans or directed by the 1ngineer
80:626: Ut'-'>t')! )( E<&;t%" Mt%#'-*
)ll e?cavated materials# so far as suitable# shall be utili!ed as backfill or embankment ,he
surplus materials shall be disposed off in such manner as not to obstruct the stream or otherwise impair
the efficiency or appearance of the structure 6o e?cavated materials shall be deposited at any time so
as to endanger the partly finished structure
80:6264 C)((%#"5*
'uitable and practically watertight cofferdams shall be used wherever waterCbearing strata
are encountered above the elevation of the bottom of the e?cavation +f requested# the Contractor shall
submit drawings showing his proposed method of cofferdam construction# as directed by the 1ngineer
Cofferdams or cribs for foundation construction shall in general# be carried well below the
bottoms of the footings and shall be well braced and as nearly watertight as practicable +n general# the
interior dimensions of cofferdams shall be such as to give sufficient clearance for the construction of
forms and the inspection of their e?teriors# and to permit pumping outside of the forms Cofferdams or
cribs which are tilted or moved laterally during the process of sinking shall be righted or enlarged so as to
provide the necessary clearance
When conditions are encountered which# as determined by the 1ngineer# render it
impracticable to dewater the foundation before placing the footing# the 1ngineer may require the
construction of a concrete foundation seal of such dimensions as he may consider necessary# and of
such thickness as to resist any possible uplift ,he concrete for such seal shall be placed as shown on
the Plans or directed by the 1ngineer ,he foundation shall then be dewatered and the footing placed
When weighted cribs are employed and the mass is utili!ed to overcome partially the hydrostatic
pressure acting against the bottom of the foundation seal# special anchorage such as dowels or keys
shall be provided to transfer the entire mass of the crib to the foundation seal When a foundation seal
is placed under water# the cofferdams shall be vented or ported at low water level as directed
Cofferdams shall be constructed so as to protect green concrete against damage from
sudden rising of the stream and to prevent damage to the foundation by erosion 6o timber or bracing
shall be left in cofferdams or cribs in such a way as to e?tend into substructure masonry# without written
permission from the 1ngineer
)ny pumping that may be permitted from the interior of any foundation enclosure shall be
done in such a manner as to preclude the possibility of any portion of the concrete material being carried
away )ny pumping required during the placing of concrete# or for a period of at least -/ hours
thereafter# shall be done from a suitable sump located outside the concrete forms Pumping to dewater
a sealed cofferdam shall not commence until the seal has set sufficiently to withstand the hydrostatic
pressure
2nless otherwise provided# cofferdams or cribs# with all sheeting and bracing involved
therewith# shall be removed by the Contractor after the completion of the substructure 0emoval shall
be effected in such manner as not to disturb or mar finished masonry
80:626? P#%*%#;t')! )( C0!!%-
2nless otherwise permitted# no e?cavation shall be made outside of caissons# cribs#
cofferdams# or sheet piling# and the natural stream bed ad"acent to structure shall not be disturbed
without permission from the 1ngineer +f any e?cavation or dredging is made at the side of the structure
before caissons# cribs# or cofferdams are sunk in place# the Contractor shall# after the foundation base is
in place# backfill all such e?cavations to the original ground surface or stream bed with material
satisfactory to the 1ngineer
80:626@ B&.('-- !" E5,!.5%!t ()# St#+&t+#%* Ot0%# T0! P'$% C+-;%#t*
1?cavated areas around structures shall be backfilled with free draining granular material
approved by the 1ngineer and placed in hori!ontal layers not over $&. mm (A inches) in thickness# to the
level of the original ground surface 1ach layer shall be moistened or dried as required and thoroughly
compacted with mechanical tampers
+n placing backfills or embankment# the material shall be placed simultaneously in so far as
possible to appro?imately the same elevation on both sides of an abutment# pier# or wall +f conditions
require placing backfill or embankment appreciably higher on one side than on the opposite side# the
additional material on the higher side shall not be placed until the masonry has been in place for $/ days#
or until tests made by the laboratory under the supervision of the 1ngineer establishes that the masonry
has attained sufficient strength to withstand any pressure created by the methods used and materials
placed without damage or strain beyond a safe factor
(ackfill or embankment shall not be placed behind the walls of concrete culverts or
abutments or rigid frame structures until the top slab is placed and cured (ackfill and embankment
behind abutments held at the top by the superstructure# and behind the sidewalls of culverts# shall be
carried up simultaneously behind opposite abutments or sidewalls
)ll embankments ad"acent to structures shall be constructed in hori!ontal layers and
compacted as prescribed in 'ubsection $./BB e?cept that mechanical tampers may be used for the
required compaction 'pecial care shall be taken to prevent any wedging action against the structure
and slopes bounding or within the areas to be filled shall be benched or serrated to prevent wedge
action ,he placing of embankment and the benching of slopes shall continue in such a manner that at
all times there will be hori!ontal berm of thoroughly compacted material for a distance at least equal to
the height of the abutment or wall to the backfilled against e?cept insofar as undisturbed material
obtrudes upon the area
(roken rock or coarse sand and gravel shall be provided for a drainage filter at weepholes as
shown on the Plans
80:626A B%""'!/3 B&.('--3 !" E5,!.5%!t ()# P'$% C+-;%#t*
(edding# (ackfill and 1mbankment for pipe culverts shall be done in accordance with +tem
&..# Pipe Culverts and 'torm Drains
80:6: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
80:6:68 St#+&t+#% E<&;t')!
,he volume of e?cavation to be paid for will be the number of cubic meters measured in
original position of material acceptably e?cavated in conformity with the Plans or as directed by the
1ngineer# but in no case# e?cept as noted# will any of the following volumes be included in the
measurement for payment<
($) ,he volume outside of vertical planes /&. mm ($J inches) outside of and parallel to
the neat lines of footings and the inside walls of pipe and pipeCarch culverts at their
widest hori!ontal dimensions
(-) ,he volume of e?cavation for culvert and sections outside the vertical plane for
culverts stipulated in ($) above
(B) ,he volume outside of neat lines of underdrains as shown on the Plans# and outside
the limits of foundation fill as ordered by the 1ngineer
(/) ,he volume included within the staked limits of the roadway e?cavation# contiguous
channel changes# ditches# etc# for which payment is otherwise provided in the
'pecification
(&) *olume of water or other liquid resulting from construction operations and which can
be pumped or drained away
(A) ,he volume of any e?cavation performed prior to the taking of elevations and
measurements of the undisturbed ground
(E) the volume of any material rehandled# e?cept that where the Plans indicate or the
1ngineer directs the e?cavation after embankment has been placed and e?cept that
when installation of pipe culverts by the imperfect trench method specified in +tem
&.. is required# the volume of material reCe?cavated as directed will be included
(J) ,he volume of e?cavation for footings ordered at a depth more than $& m (A.
inches) below the lowest elevation for such footings shown on the original Contract
Plans# unless the (ill of Fuantities contains a pay item for e?cavation ordered below
the elevations shown on the Plans for individual footings
80:6:62 B#'"/% E<&;t')!
,he volume of e?cavation# designated on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions as G(ridge
1?cavationH will be measured as described below and will be kept separate for pay purposes from the
e?cavation for all structures
,he volume of bridge e?cavation to be paid shall be the vertical /&. mm ($J inches) outside
of and parallel to the neat lines of the footing ,he vertical planes shall constitute the vertical faces of
the volume for pay quantities regardless of e?cavation inside or outside of these planes
80:6:6: F)+!"t')! F'--
,he volume of foundation fill to be paid for will be the number of cubic meters measures in
final position of the special granular material actually provided and placed below the foundation elevation
of structures as specified# complete in place and accepted
80:6:64 S0)#'!/3 C#',,'!/3 !" R%-t%" W)#.
'horing# cribbing and related work whenever included as a pay item in (ill of Fuantities will
be paid for at the lump sum bid price ,his work shall include furnishing# constructing# maintaining# and
removing any and all shoring# cribbing# cofferdams# caissons# bracing# sheeting water control# and other
operations necessary for the acceptable completion of e?cavation included in the work of this 'ection# to
a depth of $& m below the lowest elevation shown on the Plans for each separable foundation structure
80:6:6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.BB# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the particular pay items listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities
,he payment shall constitute full compensation for the removal and disposal of e?cavated materials
including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this
+tem# e?cept as follows<
($) )ny e?cavation for footings ordered at a depth more than $& m below the lowest
elevation shown on the original Contract Plans will be paid for as provided in Part 8#
7easurement and Payment> unless a pay item for e?cavation ordered below Plan
elevation appears in the (ill of Fuantities
(-) Concrete will be measured and paid for as provided under +tem /.&# 'tructural
Concrete
(B) )ny roadway or borrow e?cavation required in e?cess of the quantity e?cavated for
structures will be measured and paid for as provided under +tem $.-
(/) 'horing# cribbing# and related work required for e?cavation ordered more than $& m
(A. inches ) below Plan elevation will be paid for in accordance with Part 8
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.B ($) 'tructure 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
$.B (-) (ridge 1?cavation Cubic 7eter
$.B (B) 5oundation 5ill Cubic 7eter
$.B (/) 1?cavation ordered below Plan
elevation
Cubic 7eter
$.B (&) 'horing# cribbing# and related work 3ump sum
$.B (A) Pipe culverts and drain e?cavation Cubic 7eter
ITEM 804 7 EMBANKMENT
80468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with this
'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established
by the 1ngineer
80462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
1mbankments shall be constructed of suitable materials# in consonance with the following
definitions<
$ 'uitable 7aterial = 7aterial which is acceptable in accordance with the Contract and
which can be compacted in the manner specified in this +tem +t can be common
material or rock
'elected (orrow# for topping = soil of such gradation that all particles will pass a
sieve with E& mm (B inches) square openings and not more than $& mass percent
will pass the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve# as determined by ))'H,4 , $$ ,he
material shall have a plasticity inde? of not more than A as determined by )''H,4 ,
%. and a liquid limit of not more than B. as determined by ))'H,4 , J%
- 2nsuitable 7aterial = 7aterial other than suitable materials such as<
(a) 7aterials containing detrimental quantities of organic materials# such as
grass# roots and sewerage
(b) 4rganic soils such as peat and muck
(c) 'oils with liquid limit e?ceeding J. and@or plasticity inde? e?ceeding &&
(d) 'oils with a natural water content e?ceeding $..K
(e) 'oils with very low natural density# J.. kg@m
B
or lower
(f) 'oils that cannot be properly compacted as determined by the
1ngineer
8046: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
8046:68 G%!%#-
Prior to construction of embankment# all necessary clearing and grubbing in that area shall
have been performed in conformity with +tem $..# Clearing and 9rubbing
1mbankment construction shall consist of constructing roadway embankments# including
preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed> the construction of dikes within or ad"acent to
the roadway> the placing and compacting of approved material within roadway areas where unsuitable
material has been removed> and the placing and compacting of embankment material in holes# pits# and
other depressions within the roadway area
1mbankments and backfills shall contain no muck# peat# sod# roots or other deleterious
matter 0ocks# broken concrete or other solid# bulky materials shall not be placed in embankment areas
where piling is to be placed or driven
Where shown on the Plans or directed by the 1ngineer# the surface of the e?isting ground
shall be compacted to a depth of $&. mm (A inches) and to the specified requirements of this +tem
Where provided on the Plans and (ill of Fuantities the top portions of the roadbed in both
cuts and embankments# as indicated# shall consist of selected borrow for topping from e?cavations
8046:62 M%t0)"* )( C)!*t#+&t')!
Where there is evidence of discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the
Plans# a preconstruction survey referred to the datum plane used in the approved Plan shall be
undertaken by the Contractor under the control of the 1ngineer to serve as basis for the computation of
the actual volume of the embankment materials
When embankment is to be placed and compacted on hillsides# or when new embankment is
to be compacted against e?isting embankments# or when embankment is built oneChalf width at a time#
the e?isting slopes that are steeper than B<$ when measured at right angles to the roadway shall be
continuously benched over those areas as the work is brought up in layers (enching will be sub"ect to
the 1ngineerDs approval and shall be of sufficient width to permit operation of placement and compaction
equipment 1ach hori!ontal cut shall begin at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical
sides of the previous cuts 7aterial thus e?cavated shall be placed and compacted along with the
embankment material in accordance with the procedure described in this 'ection
2nless shown otherwise on the Plans or special Provisions# where an embankment of less
than $- m (/ feet) below subgrade is to be made# all sod and vegetable matter shall be removed from
the surface upon which the embankment is to be placed# and the cleared surfaced shall be completely
broken up by plowing# scarifying# or steeping to a minimum depth of $&. mm e?cept as provided in
'ubsection $.--- ,his area shall then be compacted as provided in 'ubsection $./BB 'od not
required to be removed shall be thoroughly disc harrowed or scarified before construction of
embankment Wherever a compacted road surface containing granular materials lies within %.. mm (BA
inches) of the subgrade# such old road surface shall be scarified to a depth of at least $&. mm (A inches)
whenever directed by the 1ngineer ,hese scarified materials shall then be compacted as provided in
'ubsection $./BB
When shoulder e?cavation is specified# the roadway shoulders shall be e?cavated to the
depth and width shown on the Plans ,he shoulder material shall be removed without disturbing the
ad"acent e?isting base course material# and all e?cess e?cavated materials shall be disposed off as
provided in 'ubsection $.--B +f necessary# the areas shall be compacted before being backfilled
0oadway embankment of earth material shall be placed in hori!ontal layers not e?ceeding
-.. mm (J inches)# loose measurement# and shall be compacted as specified before the ne?t layer is
placed However# thicker layer maybe placed if vibratory roller with high compactive effort is used
provided that density requirement is attained and as approved by the 1ngineer ,rial section to this effect
must be conducted and approved by the 1ngineer 1ffective spreading equipment shall be used on each
lift to obtain uniform thickness as determined in the trial section prior to compaction )s the compaction
of each layer progresses# continuous leveling and manipulating will be required to assure uniform
density Water shall be added or removed# if necessary# in order to obtain the required density
0emoval of water shall be accomplished through aeration by plowing# blading# discing# or other methods
satisfactory to the 1ngineer
Where embankment is to be constructed across low swampy ground that will not support the
mass of trucks or other hauling equipment# the lower part of the fill may be constructed by dumping
successive loads in a uniformly distributed layer of a thickness not greater than necessary to support the
hauling equipment while placing subsequent layers
When e?cavated material contains more than -& mass percent of rock larger than $&. mm in
greatest diameter and cannot be placed in layers of the thickness prescribed without crushing#
pulveri!ing or further breaking down the pieces resulting from e?cavation methods# such materials may
be placed on the embankment in layers not e?ceeding in thickness the appro?imate average si!e of the
larger rocks# but not greater than A.. mm (-/ inches)
1ven though the thickness of layers is limited as provided above# the placing of individual
rocks and boulders greater than A.. mm in diameter will be permitted provided that when placed# they
do not e?ceed $-.. mm (/J inches) in height and provided they are carefully distributed# with the
interstices filled with finer material to form a dense and compact mass
1ach layer shall be leveled and smoothed with suitable leveling equipment and by distribution
of spalls and finer fragments of earth 3ifts of material containing more than -& mass percent of rock
larger than $&. mm in greatest dimensions shall not be constructed above an elevation B.. mm ($-
inches) below the finished subgrade ,he balance of the embankment shall be composed of suitable
material smoothed and placed in layers not e?ceeding -.. mm (J inches) in loose thickness and
compacted as specified for embankments
Dumping and rolling areas shall be kept separate# and no lift shall be covered by another until
compaction complies with the requirements of 'ubsection $./BB
Hauling and leveling equipment shall be so routed and distributed over each layer of the fill in
such a manner as to make use of compaction effort afforded thereby and to minimi!e rutting and uneven
compaction
8046:6: C)5$&t')!
C)5$&t')! T#'-*
(efore commencing the formation of embankments# the Contractor shall submit in writing to
the 1ngineer for approval his proposals for the compaction of each type of fill material to be used in the
works ,he proposals shall include the relationship between the types of compaction equipment# and the
number of passes required and the method of ad"usting moisture content ,he Contractor shall carry out
full scale compaction trials on areas not less than $. m wide and &. m long as required by the 1ngineer
and using his proposed procedures or such amendments thereto as may be found necessary to satisfy
the 1ngineer that all the specified requirements regarding compaction can be consistently achieved
Compaction trials with the main types of fill material to be used in the works shall be completed before
work with the corresponding materials will be allowed to commence
,hroughout the periods when compaction of earthwork is in progress# the Contractor shall
adhere to the compaction procedures found from compaction trials for each type of material being
compacted# each type of compaction equipment employed and each degree of compaction specified
E#t0
,he Contractor shall compact the material placed in all embankment layers and the material
scarified to the designated depth below subgrade in cut sections# until a uniform density of not less than
%& mass percent of the ma?imum dry density determined by ))'H,4 , %% 7ethod C# is attained# at a
moisture content determined by 1ngineer to be suitable for such density )cceptance of compaction may
be based on adherence to an approved roller pattern developed as set forth in +tem $.A# Compaction
1quipment and Density Control 'trips
,he 1ngineer shall during progress of the Work# make density tests of compacted material in
accordance with ))'H,4 , $%$# , -.&# or other approved field density tests# including the use of
properly calibrated nuclear testing devices ) correction for coarse particles may be made in accordance
with ))'H,4 , --/ +f# by such tests# the 1ngineer determines that the specified density and moisture
conditions have not been attained# the Contractor shall perform additional work as may be necessary to
attain the specified conditions
)t least one group of three inCsitu density tests shall be carried out for each &.. m of each
layer of compacted fill
R)&.
Density requirements will not apply to portions of embankments constructed of materials
which cannot be tested in accordance with approved methods
1mbankment materials classified as rock shall be deposited# spread and leveled the full width
of the fill with sufficient earth or other fine material so deposited to fill the interstices to produce a dense
compact embankment +n addition# one of the rollers# vibrators# or compactors meeting the requirements
set forth in 'ubsection $.A-$# Compaction 1quipment# shall compact the embankment full width with a
minimum of three complete passes for each layer of embankment
8046:64 P#)t%&t')! )( R)",%" D+#'!/ C)!*t#+&t')!
During the construction of the roadway# the roadbed shall be maintained in such condition
that it will be well drained at all times 'ide ditches or gutters emptying from cuts to embankments or
otherwise shall be so constructed as to avoid damage to embankments by erosion
8046:6? P#)t%&t')! )( St#+&t+#%
+f embankment can be deposited on one side only of abutments# wing walls# piers or culvert
headwalls# care shall be taken that the area immediately ad"acent to the structure is not compacted to
the e?tent that it will cause overturning of# or e?cessive pressure against the structure When noted on
the Plans# the fill ad"acent to the end bent of a bridge shall not be placed higher than the bottom of the
backfill of the bent until the superstructure is in place When embankment is to be placed on both sides
of a concrete wall or bo? type structure# operations shall be so conducted that the embankment is always
at appro?imately the same elevation on both sides of the structure
8046:6@ R)+!"'!/ !" W#$'!/ S-)$%*
0oundingC1?cept in solid rock# the tops and bottoms of all slopes# including the slopes of
drainage ditches# shall be rounded as indicated on the Plans ) layer of earth overlaying rock shall be
rounded above the rock as done in earth slopes
WarpingCad"ustments in slopes shall be made to avoid in"ury in standing trees or marring of
weathered rock# or to harmoni!e with e?isting landscape features# and the transition to such ad"usted
slopes shall be gradual )t intersections of cuts and fills# slopes shall be ad"usted and warped to flow
into each other or into the natural ground surfaces without noticeable break
8046:6A F'!'*0'!/ R)",%" !" S-)$%*
)fter the roadbed has been substantially completed# the full width shall be conditioned by
removing any soft or other unstable material that will not compact properly or serve the intended
purpose ,he resulting areas and all other low sections# holes of depressions shall be brought to grade
with suitable selected material 'carifying# blading# dragging# rolling# or other methods of work shall be
performed or used as necessary to provide a thoroughly compacted roadbed shaped to the grades and
crossCsections shown on the Plans or as staked by the 1ngineer
)ll earth slopes shall be left with roughened surfaces but shall be reasonably uniform# without
any noticeable break# and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or other surfaces indicated on
the Plans or as staked by the 1ngineer# with no variations therefrom readily discernible as viewed from
the road
8046:6B S%##t%" S-)$%*
Cut slopes in rippable material (soft rock) having slope ratios between .E&<$ and -<$ shall be
constructed so that the final slope line shall consist of a series of small hori!ontal steps ,he step rise
and tread dimensions shall be shown on the Plans 6o scaling shall be performed on the stepped
slopes e?cept for removal of large rocks which will obviously be a safety ha!ard if they fall into the ditch
line or roadway
8046:6C E#t0 B%#5*
When called for in the Contract# permanent earth berms shall be constructed of well graded
materials with no rocks having a diameter greater than .-& the height of the berm When local material
is not acceptable# acceptable material shall be imported# as directed by the 1ngineer
C)5$&t%" B%#5
Compacted berm construction shall consist of moistening or drying and placing material as
necessary in locations shown on the drawings or as established by the 1ngineer 7aterial shall contain
no fro!en material# roots# sod# or other deleterious materials Contractor shall take precaution to prevent
material from escaping over the embankment slope 'houlder surface beneath berm will be roughened
to provide a bond between the berm and shoulder when completed ,he Contractor shall compact the
material placed until at least %. mass percent of the ma?imum density is obtained as determined by
))'H,4 , %%# 7ethod C ,he crossCsection of the finished compacted berm shall reasonably conform
to the typical crossCsection as shown on the Plans
U!&)5$&t%" B%#5
2ncompacted berm construction shall consist of drying# if necessary and placing material in
locations shown on the Plans or as established by the 1ngineer 7aterial shall contain no fro!en
material# roots# sod or other deleterious materials Contractor shall take precautions to prevent material
from escaping over the embankment slope
80464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of embankment to be paid for shall be the volume of material compacted in
place# accepted by the 1ngineer and formed with material obtained from any source
7aterial from e?cavation per +tem $.- which is used in embankment and accepted by the
1ngineer will be paid under 1mbankment and such payment will be deemed to include the cost of
e?cavating# hauling# stockpiling and all other costs incidental to the work
7aterial for 'elected (orrow topping will be measured and paid for under the same
conditions specified in the preceding paragraph
8046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.//# shall be paid for at the
Contract unit price for each of the Pay +tems listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities ,he
payment shall continue full compensation for placing and compacting all materials including all labor#
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$./ ($) 1mbankment Cubic 7eter
$./ (-) 'elected# (orrow for topping# Case $ Cubic 7eter
$./ (B) 'elected (orrow for topping# Case - Cubic 7eter
$./ (/) 1arth (erm 7eter
It%5 80? 7 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
80?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the support of overlying
structural layers +t shall e?tend to full width of the roadway 2nless authori!ed by the 1ngineer#
subgrade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the
construction of the pavement structure
80?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
2nless otherwise stated in the Contract and e?cept when the subgrade is in rock cut# all
materials below subgrade level to a depth $&. mm or to such greater depth as may be specified shall
meet the requirements of 'ection $./-# 'elected (orrow for ,opping
80?6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
80?6:68 P#')# W)#.*
Prior to commencing preparation of the subgrade# all culverts# cross drains# ducts and the like
(including their fully compacted backfill)# ditches# drains and drainage outlets shall be completed )ny
work on the preparation of the
subgrade shall not be started unless prior work herein described shall have been approved by the
1ngineer
80?6:62 S+,/#"% L%;%- T)-%#!&%*
,he finished compacted surface of the subgrade shall conform to the allowable tolerances as
specified hereunder<
Permitted variation from L -. mm
design 31*13 45 '205)C1 C B. mm
Permitted '205)C1 +001923)0+,:
71)'201D (: BCm ',0)+9H, 1D91
B. mm
Permitted variation from
design C04''5)33 40 C)7(10
L .& K
Permitted variation from
design 3469+,2D+6)3 90)D1
over -& m length
M .$ K
80?6:6: S+,/#"% '! C)55)! E<&;t')!
2nless otherwise specified# all materials below subgrade level in earth cuts to a depth $&.
mm or other depth shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer shall be e?cavated ,he material#
if suitable# shall be set side for future use or# if unsuitable# shall be disposed off in accordance with the
requirements of 'ubsection $.--%
Where material has been removed from below subgrade level# the resulting surface shall be
compacted to a depth of $&. mm and in accordance with other requirements of 'ubsection $./BB
)ll materials immediately below subgrade level in earth cuts to a depth of $&. mm# or to such
greater depth as may be specified# shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements of
'ubsection $./BB
80?6:64 S+,/#"% '! R)&. E<&;t')!
'urface irregularities under the subgrade level remaining after trimming of the rock
e?cavation shall be leveled by placing specified material and compacted to the requirements of
'ubsection $./BB
80?6:6? S+,/#"% )! E5,!.5%!t
)fter the embankment has been completed# the full width shall be conditioned by removing
any soft or other unstable material that will not compacted properly ,he resulting areas and all other
low sections# holes# or depressions shall be brought to grade with suitable material ,he entire roadbed
shall be shaped and compacted to the requirements of 'ubsections $./BB 'carifying# blading#
dragging# rolling# or other methods of work shall be performed or used as necessary to provide a
thoroughly compacted roadbed shaped to the crossCsections shown on the Plans
80?6:6@ S+,/#"% )! E<'*t'!/ P;%5%!t
Where the new pavement is to be constructed immediately over an e?isting Portland Cement
concrete pavement and if so specified in the Contract the slab be broken into pieces with greatest
dimension of not more than &.. mm and the e?isting pavement material compacted as specified in
'ubsection $./BB# as directed by the 1ngineer ,he resulting subgrade level shall# as part pavement
construction be shaped to conform to the allowable tolerances of 'ubsection $.&B- by placing and
compacting where necessary a leveling course comprising the material of the pavement course to be
placed immediately above
Where the new pavement is to be constructed immediately over an e?isting asphalt concrete
pavement or gravel surface pavement and if so specified in the Contract the pavement shall be scarified#
thoroughly loosened# reshaped and recompacted in accordance with 'ubsection $./BB ,he resulting
subgrade level shall conform to the allowable tolerances of 'ubsection $.&B-
80?6:6A P#)t%&t')! )( C)5$-%t%" W)#.
,he Contractor shall be required to protect and maintain at his own e?pense the entire work
within the limits of his Contract in good condition satisfactory to the 1ngineer from the time he first started
work until all work shall have been completed 7aintenance shall include repairing and recompacting
ruts# ridges# soft spots and deteriorated sections of the subgrade caused by the traffic of the ContractorDs
vehicle@equipment or that of the public
80?6:6B T%5$-t%* !" St#'/0tD%"/%*
,he Contractor shall provide for use of the 1ngineer# approved templates and straightCedges
in sufficient number to check the accuracy of the work# as provided in this 'pecification
80?64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
80?6468 M%*+#%5%!t )( It%5* ()# $25%!t *0-- ,% $#);'"%" )!-2 ()#4
$ ,he compaction of e?isting ground below subgrade level in cuts of common material as
specified in 'ubsection $.&BB
- ,he breaking up or scarifying# loosening# reshaping and recompacting of e?isting
pavement as specified in 'ubsection $.&BA ,he quantity to be paid for shall be the
area of the work specified to be carried out and accepted by the 1ngineer
80?6462 Payment for all work for the preparation of the subgrade# including shaping to the
required levels and tolerances# other than as specified above shall be deemed to be
included in the Pay +tem for 1mbankment
80?6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.&/# shall be paid for at the
appropriate contract unit price for Pay +tem listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities which
price and payment shall be full compensation for the placing or removal and disposal of all materials
including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this
+tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.& ($) 'ubgrade Preparation
(Common 7aterial)
'quare 7eter
$.& (-) 'ubgrade Preparation
(1?isting Pavement)
'quare 7eter
$.& (B) 'ubgrade Preparation
(2nsuitable 7aterial)
'quare 7eter
ITEM 80@ 7 COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS
80@68 D%*&#'$t')!
When specified# this procedure will be used to determine density requirements of selected
embankments# subgrade# bases# and bituminous concrete ,he procedure will consist of control strip
construction to establish target densities for the specified course plus use of sandCcone method of
density testing equipment to determine inCplace densities obtained during the construction process
80@62 C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
80@6268 C)5$&t')! E9+'$5%!t
Compaction equipment shall be capable of obtaining compaction requirements without
detrimentally affecting the compacted material ,he equipment shall be modern# efficient compacting
units approved by the 1ngineer ,he compacting units may be of any type# provided they are capable of
compacting each lift of material as specified and meet the minimum requirements as contained herein
7inimum requirements for rollers are as follows<
$ 'heepsfoot# tamping or grid rollers shall be capable of e?erting a force of /& 6ewton
per millimeter (-&. pounds per inch) of length of roller drum
- 'teelCwheel rollers other than vibratory shall be capable of e?erting a force of not less
than /& 6ewton per millimeter of width of the compression roll or rolls
B *ibratory steelCwheel rollers shall have a minimum mass of A tonnes ,he compactor
shall be equipped with amplitude and frequency controls and specifically designed to
compact the material on which it is used
/ PneumaticCtire rollers shall have smooth tread tires of equal si!e that will provide a
uniform compacting pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of e?erting a
ground pressure of at least &&. kpa (J. pounds per square inch)
& Heavier compacting unit may be required to achieve the specified density of the
embankment
80@6262 C)!*t#+&t')! )( C)!t#)- St#'$* !" D%t%#5'!t')! )( T#/%t D%!*'t2
,o determine target density# a control strip shall be constructed at the beginning of work each
course of material to be compacted 1ach control strip# constructed to acceptable density and surface
tolerances shall remain in place and become a section of the completed roadway 2nacceptable control
strip shall be corrected or removed and replaced at the ContractorDs e?pense ) control strip shall have
an area of appro?imately BB& square meters and shall be of the same depth specified for the
construction of the course which it represents
,he materials used in the construction of the control strip shall conform to the specification
requirements ,hey shall be furnished from the same source and shall be of the same type to be used
in the remainder of the course represented by the control strip ,he underlying grade or pavement
structure upon which a control strip is to be constructed shall have the prior approval of the 1ngineer
,he equipment used in the construction of the control strip shall be approved by the 1ngineer
and shall be of the same type and mass to be used on the remainder of the course represented by the
control strip
Compaction of control strips shall commence immediately after the course has been placed
to the specified thickness# and shall be continuous and uniform over the entire surface Compaction of
the control strip shall be continued until no discernible increase in density can be obtained by additional
compactive effort
2pon completion of the compaction# the mean density of the control strip will be determined
by averaging the results of ten inCplace density tests taken at randomly selected sites within the control
strip ,he mean density of the control strip shall be the target density for the remainder of the course
which it represents
+f the mean density of the control strip is less than %J percent of the density of laboratory
compacted specimens as determined by testing procedures appropriate for the material being placed#
the 1ngineer may order the construction of another control strip
) new control strip may also be ordered by the 1ngineer or requested by the Contractor
when<
$ ) change in the material or "obCmi? formula is made
- ,en days of production have been accepted without construction of a new control
strip
B ,here is reason to believe that a control strip density is not representative of the
material being placed
80@6: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
6o measurement for payment will be made for this +tem
80@64 B*'* )( P25%!t
2nless otherwise provided# the cost of constructing the control strip will be considered
incidental to the cost of the work item for which a control strip is required Payment for the work item
shall be deemed to include compensation for performing the work herein specified and the furnishing of
all materials# labors# tools# equipment and incidentals necessary to construct the density control strip
6o payment will be made for any material used in the construction of unacceptable control strip
ITEM 80A 7 OVERHAUL
80A68 D%*&#'$t')!
4verhaul shall consist of authori!ed hauling in e?cess of the freeChaul distance 5reeChaul
distance is the specified distance that e?cavated material shall be hauled without additional
compensation 2nless otherwise provided in the Contract# the freeChaul distance shall be A.. meters
80A62 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
+n determining what constitutes authori!ed overhaul# it will be assumed that material taken
from e?cavation will be deposited in embankment after having been hauled the shortest distance
,he overhaul distance for material obtained and placed within the roadway limits will be
measured along the centerline of the roadway 6o allowance will be made for transverse or lateral
movement to or from the centerline e?cept materials moved to or from designated areas outside the
roadway limits> such as Case $# (orrow Pits# disposal areas# etc +n such case# measurement shall be
along the shortest route determined by the 1ngineer to be feasible and satisfactory unless otherwise
provided
+f the Contractor chooses to haul material over some other route# and such other route is
longer# the computation for payment shall be based on the overhaul distance measured along the route
designated by the 1ngineer
,he number of cubic meterCkilometres of overhaul to be paid for shall be the number of cubic
meters of overhaul material multiplied by the overhaul distance in kilometers ,he unit Gcubic meterC
kilometerH is the amount of hauling required to move one cubic meter a distance of one kilometer beyond
the freeChaul distance
80A6: B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection $.E-# shall be paid for the
contract unit price for 4verhaul# for the particular Pay +tem listed below that is shown on the (ill of
Fuantities# which price and payment shall be full compensation for overhaul# including all labor#
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will not be made for overhaul of (orrow# Case -# 5oundation 5ill# bedding materials
and material removed in the rounding of cut slopes when rounding is a separate pay item
When the (ill of Fuantities does not show estimated quantities for G4verhaulH from the Pay
+tem listed below# overhaul will not be directly paid for# but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of
the Contractor under other contract items
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
$.E ($) 4verhaul Cubic 7eterCkilometer
$.E (-) 4verhaul of (orrow# Case $ Cubic 7eterCkilometer
PART D 7 SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEM 200 7 AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE
20068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of furnishing# placing and compacting an aggregate subbase course
on a prepared subgrade in accordance with this 'pecification and the lines# grades and crossCsections
shown on the Plans# or as directed by the 1ngineer
20062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
)ggregate for subbase shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of crushed stone#
crushed slag# or crushed or natural gravel and filler of natural or crushed sand or other finely divided
mineral matter ,he composite material shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay#
and shall be of such nature that it can be compacted readily to form a firm# stable subbase
,he subbase material shall conform to ,able -..$# 9rading 0equirements
T,-% 20068 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation
7ass Percent Passing 'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
&. -H $..
-& $H && = J&
%& B@JH /. = E&
..E& 6o -.. . C $-
,he fraction passing the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve shall not be greater than .AA (two thirds)
of the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve
,he fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than B&
and plasticity inde? not greater than $- as determined by ))'H,4 , J% and , %.# respectively
,he coarse portion# retained on a -.. mm (6o $.) sieve# shall have a mass percent of wear
not e?ceeding &. by the 3os )ngeles )brasion ,ests as determined by ))'H,4 , %A
,he material shall have a soaked C(0 value of not less than -&K as determined by ))'H,4
, $%B ,he C(0 value shall be obtained at the ma?imum dry density and determined by ))'H,4 ,
$J.# 7ethod D
2006: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
2006:68 P#%$#t')! )( E<'*t'!/ S+#(&%
,he e?isting surface shall be graded and finished as provided under +tem $.&# 'ubgrade
Preparation# before placing the subbase material
2006:62 P-&'!/
,he aggregate subbase material shall be placed at a uniform mi?ture on a prepared
subgrade in a quantity which will provide the required compacted thickness When more than one layer
is required# each layer shall be shaped and compacted before the succeeding layer is placed
,he placing of material shall begin at the point designated by the 1ngineer Placing shall be
from vehicles especially equipped to distribute the material in a continuous uniform layer or windrow
,he layer or windrow shall be of such si!e that when spread and compacted the finished layer be in
reasonably close conformity to the nominal thickness shown on the Plans
When hauling is done over previously placed material# hauling equipment shall be dispersed
uniformly over the entire surface of the previously constructed layer# to minimi!e rutting or uneven
compaction
2006:6: S$#%"'!/ !" C)5$&t'!/
When uniformly mi?ed# the mi?ture shall be spread to the plan thickness# for compaction
Where the required thickness is $&. mm or less# the material may be spread and compacted
in one layer Where the required thickness is more than $&. mm# the aggregate subbase shall be
spread and compacted in two or more layers of appro?imately equal thickness# and the ma?imum
compacted thickness of any layer shall not e?ceed $&. mm )ll subsequent layers shall be spread and
compacted in a similar manner
,he moisture content of subbase material shall# if necessary# be ad"usted prior to compaction
by watering with approved sprinklers mounted on trucks or by drying out# as required in order to obtain
the required compaction
+mmediately following final spreading and smoothening# each layer shall be compacted to the
full width by means of approved compaction equipment 0olling shall progress gradually from the sides
to the center# parallel to the centerline of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been
rolled )ny irregularities or depressions that develop shall be corrected by loosening the material at
these places and adding or removing material until surface is smooth and uniform )long curbs#
headers# and walls# and at all places not accessible to the roller# the subbase material shall be
compacted thoroughly with approved tampers or compactors
+f the layer of subbase material# or part thereof# does not conform to the required finish# the
Contractor shall# at his own e?pense# make the necessary corrections
Compaction of each layer shall continue until a field density of at least $.. percent of the
ma?imum dry density determined in accordance with ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D has been achieved +nC
place density determination shall be made in accordance with ))'H,4 , $%$
2006:64 T#'- S%&t')!*
(efore subbase construction is started# the Contractor shall spread and compact trial
sections as directed by the 1ngineer ,he purpose of the trial sections is to check the suitability of the
materials and the efficiency of the equipment and construction method which is proposed to be used by
the Contractor ,herefore# the Contractor must use the same material# equipment and procedures that
he proposes to use for the main work 4ne trial section of about &.. m
-
shall be made for every type of
material and@or construction equipment@procedure proposed for use
)fter final compaction of each trial section# the Contractor shall carry out such field density
tests and other tests required as directed by the 1ngineer
+f a trial section shows that the proposed materials# equipment or procedures in the
1ngineerDs opinion are not suitable for subbase# the material shall be removed at the ContractorDs
e?pense# and a new trial section shall be constructed
+f the basic conditions regarding the type of material or procedure change during the
e?ecution of the work# new trial sections shall be constructed
2006:6? T)-%#!&%*
)ggregate subbase shall be spread with equipment that will provide a uniform layer which
when compacted will conform to the designed level and transverse slopes as shown on the Plans ,he
allowable tolerances shall be as specified hereunder<
Permitted variation from design
,H+C861'' 45 3):10
M -. mm
Permitted variation from design
31*13 45 '205)C1
L$. mm
C-. mm
Permitted '205)C1 +001923)0+,:
7easured by BCm straightCedge
-. mm
Permitted variation from design
C04''5)33 40 C)7(10
M.BK
Permitted variation from design
3469+,2D+6)3 90)D1 over-& m in length
M.$K
20064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
)ggregate 'ubbase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
) ,he quantity to be
paid for shall be the design volume compacted inCplace as shown on the Plans# and accepted in the
completed course 6o allowance will be given for materials placed outside the design limits shown on
the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be included in the quantity
of subbase herein measured
2006? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -../# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for )ggregate 'ubbase Course which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishings and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.. )ggregate 'ubbase Course Cubic 7eter
ITEM 208 7 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
20868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing# placing and compacting an aggregate base course on a
prepared subgrade@subbase in accordance with this 'pecificaton and the lines# grades# thickness and
typical crossCsections shown on the Plans# or as established by the 1ngineer
20862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
)ggregate for base course shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of crushed
stone# crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel and filler of natural or crushed sand or other finely
divided mineral matter ,he composite material shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls
of clay# and shall be of such nature that it can be compacted readily to form a firm# stable base
+n some areas where the conventional base course materials are scarce or nonCavailable# the
use of /.K weathered limestone blended with A.K crushed stones or gravel shall be allowed# provided
that the blended materials meet the requirements of this +tem
,he base course material shall conform to ,able -.$$# whichever is called for in the (ill of
Fuantities
T,-% 20868 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
&. -H $..
BE& $C$@-H C $..
-&. $H A. = J& C
$%. NH C A. = J&
$-& OH B& = A& C
/E& 6o / -. = &. B. = &&
./-& 6o /. & = -. J = -&
..E& 6o -.. . = $- - = $/
,he fraction passing the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve shall not be greater than .AA (two thirds)
of the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve
,he fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than -&
and plasticity inde? not greater than A as determined by ))'H,4 , J% and , %.# respectively
,he coarse portion# retained on a -.. mm (6o $.) sieve shall have a mass percent of wear
not e?ceeding &. by the 3os )ngeles )brasion test determined by ))'H,4 , %A
,he material passing the $% mm (B@/ inch) sieve shall have a soaked C(0 value of not less
than J.K as determined by ))'H,4 , $%B ,he C(0 value shall be obtained at the ma?imum dry
density (7DD) as determined by ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D
+f filler# in addition to that naturally present# is necessary for meeting the grading requirements
or for satisfactory bonding# it shall be uniformly blended with the base course material on the road or in a
pugmill unless otherwise specified or approved 5iller shall be taken from sources approved by the
1ngineer# shall be free from hard lumps and shall not contain more than $& percent of material retained
on the /E& mm (6o /) sieve
2086: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
2086:68 P#%$#t')! )( E<'*t'!/ S+#(&%
,he e?isting surface shall be graded and finished as provided under +tem $.&# 'ubgrade
Preparation# before placing the base material
2086:62 P-&'!/
+t shall be in accordance with all the requirements of 'ubsection -..B-# Placing
2086:6: S$#%"'!/ !" C)5$&t'!/
+t shall be in accordance with all the requirements of 'ubsection -..BB# 'preading and
Compacting
2086:64 T#'- S%&t')!*
,rial sections shall conform in all respects to the requirements specified in 'ubsection
-..B/
2086:6? T)-%#!&%*
,he aggregate base course shall be laid to the designed level and transverse slopes shown
on the Plans ,he allowable tolerances shall be in accordance with following<
Permitted variation from design
,H+C861'' 45 3):10
M $. mm
Permitted variation from design
31*13 45 '205)C1
L & mm
C$. mm
Permitted '205)C1 +001923)0+,:
7easured by BCm straightCedge
& mm
Permitted variation from design
C04''5)33 40 C)7(10
M .-K
Permitted variation from design
3469+,2D+6)3 90)D1 over -& m in length
M .$K
20864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
)ggregate (ase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
) ,he quantity to be paid
for shall be the design volume compacted inCplace as shown on the Plans# and accepted in the
completed base course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design limits
shown on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be included in
the quantity of aggregate base course
2086? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.$/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for )ggregate (ase Course which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.$ )ggregate (ase Course Cubic 7eter
ITEM 202 7 CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
20268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing# placing and compacting crushed gravel# crushed stone
or crushed rock on a prepared subgrade@subbase in one or more layers in accordance with this
'pecification and lines# grades# thickness and typical crossCsections shown on the Plans or as
established by the 1ngineer
20262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
2026268 C#+*0%" A//#%/t%
+t shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of stone or gravel crushed to the si!e
and of the quality requirements of this +tem +t shall be clean and free from vegetable matters# lumps or
balls of clay and other deleterious substances ,he material shall be of such nature that it can be
compacted readily to form a firm# stable base
,he base material shall conform to the grading requirements of ,able -.-$# whichever is
called for in the (ill of Fuantities
T,-% 20868 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
BE& $C$@-H $..
-& $H C $..
$% NH A. = J& C
$-& OH C A. = %.
/E& 6o / B. = && B& = A&
./-& 6o /. J = -& $. = B.
..E& 6o -.. - C $/ & = $&
,he portion of the material passing the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve shall not be greater than
.AA (two thirds) of the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve
,he portion of the material passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit of not
more than -& and a plasticity inde? of not more than A as determined by ))'H,4 , J% and , %.#
respectively
,he coarse aggregate retained on a -.. mm (6o $.) sieve shall have a mass percent of
wear not e?ceeding /& by the 3os )ngeles )brasion ,est as determined by ))'H,4 , %A# and not less
than &. mass percent shall have at least one ($) fractured face
,he material passing the $% mm (B@/ inch) sieve shall have a minimum soaked C(0Cvalue of
J.K tested according to ))'H,4 , $%B ,he C(0Cvalue shall be obtained at the ma?imum dry density
determined according to ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D
+f filler# in addition to that naturally present# is necessary for meeting the grading requirements
or for satisfactory bonding# it shall be uniformly blended with the crushed base course material on the
road or in a pugmill unless otherwise specified or approved 5iller shall be obtained from sources
approved by the 1ngineer# free from hard lumps and not contain more than $& percent of material
retained on the /E& mm (6o /) sieve
2026: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ame as 'ubsections -.$B$ through -.$B&
20264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
Crushed )ggregate (ase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
) ,he quantity to
be paid for shall be the design volume compacted inCplace as shown on the Plans# and accepted in the
completed course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design limits shown on
the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be included in the quantity
of crushed aggregate base course
2026? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.-/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for Crushed )ggregate (ase Course which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.- Crushed )ggregate
(ase Course
Cubic 7eter
ITEM 20: 7 LIME STABILIZED ROAD MI= BASE COURSE
20:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate# lime
and water in proper proportions# roadCmi?ed and constructed on a prepared subgrade@subbase in
accordance with this 'pecification and the lines# grades and typical crossCsections shown on the Plans or
established by the 1ngineer
20:62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
20:6268 S)'- A//#%/t%
+t shall consist of any combination of gravel# sand# silt and clay or other approved
combination of materials free from vegetable or other ob"ectionable matter +t may be materials
encountered in the construction site or materials obtained from approved sources ,he crushed or
uncrushed granular material shall consist of hard# durable stones and rocks# of accepted quality# free
from an e?cess of flat# elongated# soft or disintegrated pieces or other ob"ectionable matter +t is the
intent of this 'pecification to utili!e soils e?isting on the roadbed if the quality is satisfactory +f the
quality and@or quantity is deficient# the soil aggregate shall be obtained wholly or partly from approved
outside sources
,he soilCaggregate shall conform to the grading requirements of ,able -.B $
T,-% 20:68 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
&. -H $.. $..
/E& 6o / /& = $.. && = $..
-.. 6o $. BE = J. /& = $..
./-& 6o /. $& = -. -& = J.
..E& 6o -.. . = -& $$ = B&
,he materials passing the /E& mm (6o /) sieve produced in the crushing operation of either
stone or gravel shall be incorporated in the base material to the e?tent permitted by the gradation
requirements ,he plasticity inde? shall not be less than / nor more than $.
,he aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding &. as determined by
))'H,4 7ethod , %A
20:626868 N%1 S)'-DA//#%/t%
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements of 'ubsection -.B-$# 'oil )ggregate
20:626862 S-;/%" S)'-DA//#%/t%
Where soilCaggregate required is already in place# the Contractor shall not be responsible for
its grading or quality e?cept for removal of oversi!ed materials as directed by the 1ngineer +n general#
salvaged soilCaggregate to be used for lime stabili!ed road mi? base course will consist of material
meeting the requirements given in 'ubsection -.B-$# 'oil )ggregate
20:6262 H2"#t%" L'5%
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.$# Construction 3ime
20:626: Wt%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$/# Water
20:6264 P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he amount of lime to be added to the soilCaggregate shall be from B to $- mass percent of
the dry soil ,he e?act percentage to be added shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer on the basis of preliminary
laboratory tests and trial mi?es of materials furnished
20:626? St#%!/t0 R%9+'#%5%!t*
C(0 ,est for 9ravelly 'oils ,he mi?ture passing the $% mm (B@/ inch) sieve shall have a
minimum soaked C(0Cvalue of $..K tested according to ))'H,4 , $%B ,he C(0Cvalue shall be
obtained at the ma?imum dry density determined according to ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D
2nconfined Compression ,est for 5iner ,e?tured 'oils ,he ECday compressive strength of
laboratory specimen molded and compacted in accordance with )',7 D $AB- to a density of $..K of
ma?imum dry density determined according to ))'H,4 , $B/# 7ethod (# shall not be less than -$
7Pa (B.. psi) when tested in accordance with )',7 D $ABB
20:6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
20:6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
3ime shall not be applied during windy# rainy or impending bad weather +n the event rain
occurs during the operations# work shall be promptly stopped and the entire section shall be
reconstructed in accordance with this 'pecification
20:6:62 C)!*t#+&t')! E9+'$5%!t
,he equipment to be used by the Contractor shall include scarifying# pulveri!ing# mi?ing#
spreading# hauling# watering# finishing and compacting equipment and a slurry lime distributor
Distributor equipment shall include a tachometer pressure gauge# accurate volume
measuring devices or a calibrated tank +t shall be equipped with a power unit for the pump and full
circulation spray bars ad"ustable laterally and vertically# as well as agitator to prevent setting of lime
solids
,hese equipment shall be on the pro"ect site in good condition and shall have been approved
by the 1ngineer# both as to type and condition# and provided with e?perienced operators before the start
of construction
20:6:6: P#%$#t')! )( S)'-DA//#%/t%
$ Case $ (6ew 'oilC)ggregate)
When new soilCaggregate is to be used# the e?isting roadbed shall be scarified
lightly and bladed to uniform grade and to the crossCsection shown on the Plans and
shall then be rolled or watered and rolled# as directed +f so ordered by the
1ngineer# depressions shall first be filled and weak portions of the roadbed
strengthened with new soilCaggregate )t least one day shall then be allowed for
measuring# sampling and testing for approval of quantity and gradation before the
windrow is spread for application of hydrated lime
+f the surface moisture of the soilCaggregate is more than - mass percent of the
dry aggregate# the soil aggregate shall be turned by blades or disc harrows or
otherwise aerated until the moisture content is reduced to - percent or less ,he
soilCaggregate shall then be spread smoothly and uniformly over half the road or
other convenient width of the surface ready for the application of hydrated lime
- Case - ('alvaged 'oilC)ggregate)
When material in the e?isting roadbed is to be used for mi?ing# the surface shall
be scarified lightly and bladed to uniform grade and to the crossCsection shown on
the Plans ,he reshaped surface shall then be scarified again to the depth ordered
by the 1ngineer and in such manner as to leave a foundation of undisturbed material
parallel# both in profile and crossCsection# the proposed finished surface ,he
loosened materials shall be bladed aside into a windrow at the side of the road# and
the undisturbed material roiled# or watered and rolled# as directed
20:6:64 A$$-'&t')! )( L'5%
,he hydrated lime shall be uniformly spread at specified percent using either the dry or slurry
(wet) methods +t shall be distributed in successive applications# in such amount and at such intervals
as directed ,he mi?ing equipment shall follow immediately behind the distributor# after each application
to partially mi? the lime with the soilCaggregate
Dry lime should not be spread under windy conditions to avoid e?cessive dustings +t shall be
applied only to such areas as can be mi?ed into the soilCaggregate during the day of application Dry
application encompass either spotting bags of lime in equal predetermined transverse and longitudinal
intervals or applying bulk lime from suitably equipped selfCunloading trucks )n approved spreader is
preferable for uniform distribution
+f lime slurry is employed# the preparation facilities should be approved by the 1ngineer )
typical slurry ratio is $ tonne lime to - cubic metre water ,he actual mi?ing proportion depends upon
the percent of lime# specified type of soil and its moisture condition
,he slurry is distributed by one or more passes over a measured area until the specified
percentage (based on lime solids content) is obtained ,o prevent runCoff and consequent nonC
uniformity of lime distribution# the slurry is mi?ed in immediately after each spreading pass
20:6:6? M'<'!/
)fter the last lime application and partial mi?ing# the entire mass of the mi?ture shall be
windrowed on the road surface and then mi?ed by blading the mi?ture from side to side of the road# or by
manipulation producing equivalent results# until the whole mass has a uniform color and the mi?ture is
free from fat or lean spots or balls of unmi?ed particles During the mi?ing operations# care shall be
taken to avoid cutting into the underlying course When directed# the mi?ing process shall be confined
to part of the width or area of the road so as to allow traffic to pass
'hould the mi?ture show an e?cess# deficiency or uneven distribution of lime# the condition
shall be corrected by the addition of soilCaggregate or lime as required and then remi? +f the mi?ture
contains e?cessive amounts of moisture or volatile matter# as may be encountered in slurry application
method# it shall be bladed# aerated or otherwise manipulated until the moisture and volatile content are
satisfactory ,he spreading of the mi? shall not be done when the surface to be covered is in an
unsatisfactory condition )t the end of each dayDs work# or when the work is interrupted by weather
conditions or otherwise# all loose materials# shall be bladed into a windrow# whether mi?ing is completed
or not# and shall be retained in a windrow until operations are resumed
When the mi?ing operations have been satisfactorily completed# the mi?ture shall be formed
into a windrow of uniform crossCsection
20:6:6@ S$#%"'!/3 C)5$&t'!/ !" F'!'*0'!/
,he material shall be spread by a selfCpropelled pneumaticCtire blade grader or a mechanical
spreader of approved type +n spreading from the windrow# care shall be taken to avoid cutting into the
underlying course
)fter the material is spread# the surface shall be rolled 0olling shall be parallel to the road
center line and shall commence at the outer edges of the road# overlapping the shoulders and progress
toward the center# overlapping on successive passes by at least oneChalf the width of the roller# e?cept
that on superelevated curves rolling shall progress from the lower to the upper edge 1ach pass shall
terminate at least %$. mm (B ft) in advance or to the rear of the end of the preceding pass During
compaction# the surface shall be dragged or bladed as necessary to fill ruts and to remove incipient
corrugation or other irregularities 0olling shall continue until the surface is of uniform te?ture and
satisfactory compaction is obtained +nitial rolling shall be performed with a pneumatic tire roller and
final rolling with a BCwheel or tandemCtype steel wheel roller 0olling shall be discontinued whenever it
begins to produce e?cessive pulveri!ing of the aggregate or displacement of the mi?ture
When the compacted thickness of the road mi? lime stabili!ed base course is to be more than
$&. mm# the mi?ture shall be spread from the windrow and compacted in two (-) appro?imately equal
layers# the first layer to be bladed and rolled before the second layer is spread
Compaction shall continue until a field density of not less than $..K of the compacted
ma?imum dry density determined in accordance with ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D has been attained
5ield Density test shall be in accordance with ))'H,4 , $%$
20:6:6A P#)t%&t')!3 C+#'!/ !" M'!t%!!&%
)fter the limeCstabili!ed base course has been finished as specified herein# the surface shall
be protected against rapid drying for a period of at least five (&) days by either of the following curing
methods<
$ 7aintain in a thorough and continuously moist condition by sprinkling with water
- Cover the completed surface with a &. mm layer of earth or sand and maintain in
moist condition
B )pply on the surface an asphalt membrane of the type and quantity approved by the
1ngineer
/ )pply on the surface a liquid membrane curing compound of the type and quantity
approved by the 1ngineer
,he Contractor shall be required to maintain at his own e?pense the entire work within the
limits of his Contract in good condition satisfactory to the 1ngineer from the time he first started work until
all work shall have been completed 7aintenance shall include immediate repairs of any defects that
may occur before and after the limeCstabili!ed base course has been compacted and finished# which
work shall be done by the Contractor at his own e?pense and repeated as may be necessary to keep the
base continuously intact
20:6:6B T#'- S%&t')!*
,rial sections of the stabili!ed base shall be constructed at least - weeks before actual base
construction ,hese shall conform to the applicable requirements of 'ubsections -..B/# ,rial 'ections
20:6:6C T)-%#!&%*
,he stabili!ed base course shall be laid to the designed level and transverse slopes shown
on the Plans ,he allowable tolerances shall be in accordance with 'ubsection -.$B&# ,olerance
20:6:680 T#(('&
,he Contractor will not be permitted to drive heavy equipment over completed portions prior
to the end of five (&) days curing period e?cept pneumaticCtired equipment required for constructing
ad"oining sections ,urning areas on completed portions of the base shall be protected by a layer of
stable granular materials of not less than &. mm of compacted depth
20:64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
3ime 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? base Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
) ,he
quantity to be paid for shall be the design volume compacted in place as shown on the Plans# and
accepted in the completed course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design
limits shown on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be
included in the quantity of lime stabili!ed road mi? base course
20:6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.B/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for 3ime 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.B 3ime 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i?
(ase Course#
(6ew or 'alvaged)
'oilC)ggregate
Cubic 7eter
ITEM 204 7 PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED ROAD MI= BASE COURSE
20468 D%*&#'$t')!

,his +tem shall consist of a foundation for surface source composed of soilCaggregate#
Portland Cement and water in proper proportions# roadCmi?ed and constructed on
a prepared subgrade@subbase in accordance with this 'pecification and the lines# grades and typical
crossCsections shown on the Plans or as established by the 1ngineer
20462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
2046268 S)'- A//#%/t%
+t shall conform to the grading and quality requirements of 'ubsection -.B-$
2046262 P)#t-!" C%5%!t
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E..# Hydraulic Cement
204626: Wt%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$/# Water
2046264 P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he amount of cement to be added to the soilCaggregate shall be from A to $. mass percent
of the dry soil ,he e?act percentage to be added shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer on the basis of
preliminary laboratory tests and trial mi?es of the materials furnished by the Contractor
204626? St#%!/t0 R%9+'#%5%!t*
'trength requirements shall conform in all respects to those specified in 'ubsection -.B-&
2046: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Construction requirements and procedures shall be as prescribed under 'ubsections -.BB$
through -.BB$. +n all cases# the word HlimeH shall be deleted and replaced with GPortland CementH
20464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
Portland Cement 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
)
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the design volume compacted inCplace as shown on the Plans# and
accepted in the completed course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design
limits shown on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be
included in the quantity of Portland Cement 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course
2046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed# in 'ection -.//# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for Portland Cement stabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course which price and payment shall
be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-./ Portland Cement 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i?
(ase Course# (6ew or 'alvaged)
'oilC)ggregate
Cubic meter
It%5 20? 7 ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MI= BASE COURSE
20?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of a foundation for surface course# composed of soilCaggregate and
asphaltic material in proper proportions# road mi?ed and constructed on a prepared subgrade@subbase in
accordance with this 'pecification and the lines# grades and typical crossCsections shown on the Plans or
established by the 1ngineer
20?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
20?6268 S)'-DA//#%/t%*
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.B# )ggregates# 9radation ) or (
shall be used
20?6262 A*$0-t'& Mt%#'-
)sphaltic material shall be )nionic or Cationic 1mulsified )sphalt of the slow setting type
meeting the requirements of +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials# 1mulsified )sphalt
20?626: P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he amount of asphaltic material to be added to the soilCaggregate shall be from / to E mass
percent of the dry soilCaggregate ,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer on
the basis of preliminary laboratory tests and trial mi?es of the materials furnished by the Contractor
20?6264 St#%!/t0 R%9+'#%5%!t*
'trength requirements shall conform in all respects to those specified in 'ubsection -.B-&
20?6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Construction requirements and procedures shall be as prescribed under 'ubsections B.AB$
through B.ABE +n all cases# the word GaggregateH shall be deleted and replaced by GsoilCaggregateH
,rial 'ections shall conform to the applicable requirements of 'ubsection -..B/
,he allowable tolerances shall be in accordance with 'ubsection -.$B&
20?64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
)sphalt 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
) ,he
quantity to be paid for shall be the design volume compacted in place as shown on the Plans# accepted
in the completed course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design limits
shown on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be included in
the quantity of )sphalt stabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course
20?6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.&/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for )sphalt 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase Course which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the prescribed work in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.& )sphalt 'tabili!ed 0oad 7i? (ase
Course# (6ew or 'alvaged) 'oilC
)ggregate
Cubic 7eter
ITEM 20@ 7 PORTLAND CEMENT TREATED PLANT MI= BASE COURSE
20@68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of aggregate# Portland
Cement and water in proper proportions# mi?ed by a travel plant or in a central plant and spread and
compacted on a prepared subgrade@subbase in one or more layers# in accordance with this 'pecification
and the lines# grades# thickness and typical crossCsections shown on the Plans or as established by the
1ngineer
20@62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ame as 'ubsections -./-$ through -./-&
20@6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
20@6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
Portland Cement shall not be applied during windy# rainy or impending bad weather +n the
event rain occurs# work shall be promptly stopped and the entire section shall be reconstructed in
accordance with this 'pecification
20@6:62 T#;%- P-!t M%t0)"
,he salvaged or new soilCaggregate shall be pulveri!ed until at least J. mass percent of all
material other than stone or gravel will pass a /E& mm (6o /) sieve
)ny material retained on a &. mm (- inches) sieve and other unsuitable material shall be
removed +f additional material is specified# it shall be blended with the e?isting material )ll butt "oints
at e?isting pavements or other structures shall be cleaned prior to mi?ing
,he subgrade@subbase shall support all equipment required in the construction of the base
course 'oft or yielding areas shall be corrected prior to mi?ing
,he soilCaggregate to be treated shall be placed in a uniform windrow and spread to a
uniform thickness to the required width ,he specified quantity of Portland Cement shall be applied
uniformly in a trench on top of the windrows or spread uniformly over the soilCaggregate 'pread
cement that has been lost shall be replaced# without additional compensation# before mi?ing is started
7i?ing shall be accomplished by means of a mi?er that will thoroughly blend the cement with
the soilCaggregate ,he mi?er shall be equipped with a water metering device that will introduce the
required quantity of water during the mi?ing cycle ,he cement soilCaggregate mi?ture shall be
sufficiently blended to prevent the formation of cement balls when water is applied
) ma?imum time of - hours shall be permitted for wet mi?ing# laydown# and finishing when
this method is used
20@6:6: C%!t#- P-!t M%t0)"
,he soilCaggregate shall be proportioned and mi?ed with cement and water in a central
mi?ing plant ,he plant shall be equipped with feeding and metering devices which will introduce the
cement# soilCaggregate# and water into the mi?er in the quantities specified 7i?ing shall continue until a
uniform mi?ture has been obtained
20@6:64 S$#%"'!/3 C)5$&t'!/ !" F'!'*0'!/
,he mi?ture shall be spread on a prepared and moistened subgrade@subbase in a uniform
layer by an approved equipment 6ot more than A. minutes shall elapse between the start of mi?ing
and the time of starting compaction of the spread mi?ture
)fter spreading# the mi?ture shall be compacted and finished conforming to the
procedures@requirements specified under 'ubsection -.BBA# 'preading# Compacting and 5inishing
,he compaction and finishing shall be completed within - hours of the time water is added to
the mi?ture
20@6:6? P#)t%&t')!3 C+#'!/ !" M'!t%!!&%
,he completed cement treated base shall be cured with a bituminous curing seal applied as
soon as possible after the completion of final rolling ,he surface shall be kept moist until the seal is
applied
,he rate of application shall be between .& 3@m
-
to $.. 3@m
-
of surface ,he e?act rate will
be determined by the 1ngineer Curing seal will be applied in sufficient quantity to provide a continuous
film over the base ,he film shall be maintained at least & days unless the treated base is protected by a
subsequent course
,he Contractor shall be responsible for adequate maintenance of the base at all times as
specified under 'ubsection -.BBE# Protection# Curing and 7aintenance
20@6:6@ T#'- S%&t')!*
'ame as 'ubsection -.BBJ
20@6:6A T)-%#!&%*
'ame as 'ubsection -.BB%
20@6:6B T#(('&
'ame as 'ubsection -.BB$.
20@64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
Portland Cement ,reated Plant 7i? (ase Course will be measured by the cubic meter (m
B
)
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the design volume compacted inCplace as shown on the Plans#
accepted in the completed course 6o allowance shall be given for materials placed outside the design
limits shown on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be
included in the quantity of Portland Cement ,reated Plant 7i? (ase Course
20@6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.A/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for Portland Cement ,reated Plant 7i? (ase Course which price and payment shall be
full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.A Portland Cement treated Cubic 7eter
Plant 7i? Course#(6ew or 'alvaged)
'oilC)ggregate
ITEM 20A 7 AGGREGATE STOCKPILE
20A68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and placing aggregate in stockpiles at locations shown on
the Plans or as directed and approved by the 1ngineer
20A62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he aggregate shall conform to all requirements of the specified +tem 6o of the
'pecifications
+t shall be tested for acceptance at the source
20A6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he stockpile area# as staked by the 1ngineer# shall be graded# shaped and compacted to a
uniform crossCsection that will drain satisfactorily ,he entire area shall be compacted with a minimum of
three completed passes of the approved equipment
,he stockpiling and handling of aggregates shall be in accordance with clauses A& and AA#
Part H Control of 7aterials of the latest DPWH 'tandard 'pecifications# *olume +# 0equirements and
Conditions of Contract
20A64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of aggregate to be paid for will be the number of cubic meters as ordered and
placed in authori!ed stockpiles ,he stockpiles shall be measured and computed by the average endC
area method 6o allowance will be made for settlement or shrinkage
20A6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection -.E/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for )ggregate 'tockpile# which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and stockpiling the aggregate# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary
to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
-.E )ggregate 'tockpile Cubic 7eter
PART E 7 SURFACE COURSES
ITEM :00 7 AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE
:0068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of a wearing or top course composed of gravel or crushed aggregate
and binder material# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities# constructed on a prepared base in
accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades and typical crossCsections
shown on the Plans
:0062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he aggregate shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of stone or gravel and
sand or other fine mineral particles free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay and of such
nature that it can be compacted readily to form a firm# stable layer +t shall conform to the grading
requirements shown in table B..$ when tested by ))'H,4 , $$ and , -E
T,-% :0068 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard )lternate 9rading 9rading 9rading 9rading
7m 2 '
'tandard
) ( C D
-& $H $.. $.. $.. $..
%&
/E&
-..
./-&
..E&
B@J
6o/
6o $.
6o/.
6o -..
&.CJ&
B&CA&
-&C&.
$&CB.
&C-.
A.C$..
&.CJ&
/.CE.
-&C/&
&C-.
C
&&C$..
/.C$..
-.C&.
AC-.
C
E.C$..
&&C$..
B.CE.
JC-&
,he coarse aggregate material retained on the -.. mm (6o$.) sieve shall have a mass
percent of wear by the 3os )ngeles ,est ())'H,4 , %A) of not more than /&
When crushed aggregate is called for in the (ill of Fuantities# not less than fifty (&.) mass
percent of the particles retained on the /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall have at least one ($) fractured face
,he fraction passing the ..E& mm (6o-..) sieve shall not be greater than twoCthirds of the
fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o/.) sieve
,he fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than B&
and a plasticity inde? range of / to %# when tested by ))'H,4 , J% and , %.# respectively
7aterials for gravel surface course and crushed aggregate surface course shall have a
soaked C(0 *alue of not less than -&K and J.K respectively as determined by ))'H,4 , $%B ,he
C(0 *alue shall be obtained at the ma?imum dry density and determined by ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D
:006: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:006:68 P-&'!/
)ggregate surface course shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of +tem -.$#
)ggregate (ase Course
:006:62 C)5$&t'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
)ggregate surface course shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements of +tem
-.$# )ggregate (ase Course
:006:6: T#'- S%&t')!*
,rial sections shall be carried out for aggregate surface course in accordance with the
requirements of +tem -.$# )ggregate (ase Course
:006:64 S+#(&% C)+#*% T0'&.!%** !" T)-%#!&%*
,he aggregate surface course shall be laid to the designed level and transverse slopes
shown on the Plans ,he allowable tolerances shall be as specified hereunder<
Permitted variation from
design ,H+C861'' 45 3):10
L$& mm
C & mm
Permitted variation from
design 31*13 45 '205)C1
L$& mm
C & mm
Permitted '205)C1 +001923)0+,:
7easured by BCm straightCedge
& mm
Permitted variation from design
C04''5)33 40 C)7(10
L.-K
Permitted variation from design
3469+,2D+6)3 90)D1 over
-& m in length
L.$K
:0064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
)ggregate surface course shall be measured by the cubic metre (m
B
) ,he quantity to be paid
for shall be the number of cubic metres of aggregate including all filler# placed# compacted and accepted
in the completed course 6o allowance will be given for material placed outside the design limits shown
on the crossCsections ,rial sections shall not be measured separately but shall be included in the
quantities as measured above
:006? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B../ shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for )ggregate 'urface Course which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing# handling# placing# watering# and rolling all materials# including all labor and
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B..
B.. ($)
B.. (-)
)ggregate 'urface Course
9ravel 'urface Course

Crushed )ggregate
'urface Course
Cubic 7eter
compacted in place
ITEM :08 7 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT
:0868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of preparing and treating an aggregate base course with material in
accordance with the Plans and 'pecifications# preparatory to the construction of a bituminous surface
course
:0862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
(ituminous material shall be either 0apid Curing (0C) or 7edium Curing (7C) CutCback
)sphalt# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.-#
(ituminous 7aterials ,he type and grade shall be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
:086: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:086:68 S+#(&% C)!"'t')!
Prime coat shall be applied only to surfaces which are dry or slightly moist 6o prime coat
shall be applied when the weather is foggy or rainy
:086:62 E9+'$5%!t
,he liquid bituminous material shall be sprayed by means of a pressure distributor of not less
than $... liters capacity# mounted on pneumatic tires of such width and number that the load produced
on the road surface will not e?ceed $ k6($.. kgf) per cm width of tire
,he tank shall have a heating device able to heat a complete charge of bituminous liquid to
$J.
.
C ,he heating device shall be such that overheating will not occur Consequently# the flames
must not directly touch the casing of the tank containing the bituminous liquid ,he liquid shall be
insulated in such a way that the drop in temperature when the tank is filled with bituminous liquid at
$J.
.
C and not heated will be less than -
.
C per hour ) thermometer shall be fi?ed to the tank in order to
be able to measure continuously the temperature of the liquid ,he thermometer shall be placed in such
a way that the highest temperature in tank is measured ,he tank shall be furnished with a calibrated
dipstick to indicate the contents ,he pipes for filling the tank shall be furnished with an easily changeable
filter
,he distributor shall be able to vary the spray width of the bituminous liquid in ma?imum
steps of $.. mm to a total width of / m ,he spraying bar shall have no!!les from which the liquid is
sprayed fanCshaped on the road surface equally distributed over the total spraying width
5or adding the liquid bituminous material# the distributor shall have a pump either driven by a
separate motor or with a device to synchroni!e its speed with the speed of the distributor ,he pump
shall be furnished with an indicator showing the rate of flow ,he suction side of the pump shall have an
easily changeable filter ) thermometer shall be fi?ed# such that it indicates the temperature of the liquid
immediately before it leaves the spraying bar
,he distributor shall be furnished with a tachometer# indicating its forward speed# which shall
be visible from the driverDs seat ,he distributor shall be designed so that the deviation from the
prescribed rate of application does not e?ceed $.K and shall be equipped with a device for hand
spraying of the bituminous liquid
:086:6: A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
+mmediately before applying the prime coat# the full width of surface to be treated shall be
swept with a power broom and if necessary# scraped to remove all dirt and other ob"ectionable materials
When required by the 1ngineer# immediately prior to the application of the prime coat# the surface shall
be slightly sprayed with water but not saturated (ituminous material shall be applied by means of a
pressure distributor at the temperature given in +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials ,he rate of application
of the bituminous material shall be within the range of $ to - litres@m
-
# the e?act rate to be ordered by the
1ngineer
,he prime coat shall be left undisturbed for a period of at least -/ hours and shall not be
opened to traffic until it has penetrated and cured sufficiently so that it will not be picked up by the wheels
of passing vehicles ,he Contractor shall maintain the prime coat until the ne?t course is applied Care
shall be taken that the application of bituminous material is not in e?cess of the specified amount# any
e?cess shall be blotted with sand or removed as directed by the 1ngineer )ll areas inaccessible to the
distributor shall be sprayed manually using the device for hand spraying ,he surface of structures and
trees ad"acent to the areas being treated shall be protected in such a manner as to prevent their being
spattered or marred
:0864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
(ituminous Prime Coat shall be measured by the tonne (t) ,he quantity to be paid for shall
be the number of tonnes of bituminous material applied and accepted in the completed work
:086? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.$/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous Prime Coat which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.$ (ituminous Prime Coat
B.$($) 7C = CutCback )sphalt tonne
B.$ (-) 0C = CutCback )sphalt tonne
ITEM :02 7 BITUMINOUS TACK COAT
:0268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of preparing and treating an e?isting bituminous or cement concrete
surface with bituminous material in accordance with the Plans and 'pecifications# preparatory to the
construction of a bituminous surface course
:0262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
(ituminous material shall be either 0apid Curing (0C) CutCback or 1mulsified )sphalt#
whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.-#
(ituminous 7aterials ,he type and grade will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
:026: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:026:68 S+#(&% C)!"'t')!
,ack coat shall be applied only to surfaces which are dry or slightly moist 6o tack coat shall
be applied when the weather is foggy or rainy
:026:62 E9+'$5%!t
1quipment shall conform in all respects to 'ubsection B.$B-6
:026:6: A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
+mmediately before applying the tack coat# the full width of the surface to be treated shall be
cleaned of loose and foreign materials by means of a power broom or power blower# supplemented as
necessary by hand sweeping Where required by the 1ngineer# immediately prior to the application of
the tack coat# the surface shall be lightly sprayed with water but not saturated (ituminous material shall
be applied by means of a pressure distributor at the temperature given in +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials#
of the particular material being used ,he rate of application of either the 0apid Curing CutCback or the
1mulsified )sphalt shall be within the range of .- to .E litre@m
-
# the e?act rate as determined by the
1ngineer
Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material is not in e?cess of the
specified amount> any e?cess shall be blotted by sand or removed as directed by the 1ngineer )ll
areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be treated manually using the device for hand spraying ,he
surfaces of structures and trees ad"acent to the areas being treated shall be protected in such a manner
so as to prevent their being spattered or marred
,raffic shall be kept off the tack coat at all times ,he tack coat shall be sprayed only so far
in advance on the surface course as will permit it to dry to a GtackyH condition ,he Contractor shall
maintain the tack coat until the ne?t course has been applied )ny area that has become fouled by
traffic or otherwise# shall be cleaned and resprayed at the ContractorDs e?pense before the ne?t course is
applied
:0264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he bituminous tack coat shall be measured by the tonne (t)# completed and accepted inC
place
:026? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.-/ shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous ,ack Coat which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and placing all materials including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.- (ituminous ,ack Coat
B.-($) 0C = CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B.- (-) 1mulsified )sphalt ,onne
ITEM :0: 7 BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT
:0:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of an application of bituminous material with or without an application
of aggregate on an e?isting bituminous surface course in accordance with the Plans and 'pecifications
:0:62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0:6268 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-*
,he appro?imate amounts of materials per square metre for seal coats of the several types
shall be as provided in ,able B.B$ ,he e?act amounts to be used shall be set by the 1ngineer
T,-% :0:68 7 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-* ()# S%- C)t*
,ype $ ,ype - ,ype B
(ituminous material 3@m
-
Cover )ggregate# kg@m
-
.-. = .&.
none
.&. = $..
&.. = $...
.J& = $&.
J.. = $/..
:0:6262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-*
(ituminous material shall be )sphalt Cement# Penetration 9rade $-.C$&.# 0apid Curing (0C)
or 7edium Curing (7C) CutCback )sphalt +t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.-# (ituminous
7aterials# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities ,he type and grade of asphalt cement or cutC
back asphalt will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
:0:626: C);%# A//#%/t%
Cover )ggregate for ,ype - seal coat shall consist of sand and fine screenings# reasonably
free from dirt or other organic matter
)ggregate for ,ype B seal coat shall be crushed stone# crushed slag or crushed gravel 4nly
one type of aggregate shall be used in a pro"ect unless alternative types are approved
)ggregate gradation shall conform with ,able B.B- when tested by ))'H,4 , -E
T,-% :0:62 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard )lternate ,ype - ,ype B
mm 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
$-&. O in C C $..
%&. B@J in $.. $.. J& = $..
/E& 6o / J& = $.. J& = $.. $. = B.
-BA 6o J A. = $.. $. = /. . = $.
$$J 6o $A C . = $. . = &
.B.. 6o &. C . = & C
.$&. 6o $.. . = $. C C
,he aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding /. when tested by ))'H,4
, %A
When crushed slag is used# it shall be of uniform density and quality and shall have a density
of not less than %A. kg@m
B
(A. lb@cu ft) as determined by ))'H,4 , $%
:0:6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0:6:68 W%t0%# !" M)'*t+#% C)!"'t')!*
'eal coating shall not be undertaken during foggy or rainy weather or when the surface to be
treated is wet Wet cover coat material shall not be used on the work 6o seal coating work shall be
continued at night unless provided with sufficient lighting ,he 1ngineer shall always be consulted
before the commencement of the work and all work shall be terminated at once in the event of rain
:0:6:62 P#%$#t')! )( S+#(&%
'eal coating operations shall not be started until the bituminous surface is thoroughly
compacted by traffic and rolling +n no event shall seal coat be placed on newly constructed or
reconditioned surfaces in less than ten ($.) days after such surface is laid and opened to traffic# unless
ordered in writing by the 1ngineer
+mmediately prior to applying the bituminous material# the surface shall be cleaned of all dirt#
sand# dust and ob"ectionable material ,his cleaning shall be effected by means of a rotary power
broom or a power blower# unless other methods are authori!ed by the 1ngineer Dried mud or other
foreign material which cannot be removed otherwise shall be removed by hand methods
:0:6:6: A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
(ituminous material shall be applied by means of a pressure distributor at the rate of
appro?imately .% to $J litres for asphalt cement and $& to B. litres for cutCback asphalt# per square
metre of surface# in a uniform# unbroken spread over the section to be treated ,he pressure distributor
used for applying asphaltic materials shall be equipped with pneumatic tires and shall be designed and
operated so as to distribute the asphaltic material at the specified rate +t shall be equipped with a fifth
wheel tachometer registering the speed and so located as to be visible to the truck driver ,he distributor
pump shall be equipped with a gauge registering litres per minute passing through the no!!les and
readily visible to the operator 4ther suitable measuring devices approved by the 1ngineer may be
used ,he e?act quantity to be applied shall be determined by the 1ngineer ,he temperature at the
time of application shall be within the range of temperature specified under +tem E.-# (ituminous
7aterials Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material at the "unction of spreads is
not in e?cess of the specified quantities )ny e?cess shall be removed from the surface by a squeegee
+f necessary# to obtain proper "unction of spreads# a strip of manila paper appro?imately $ metre wide and
at least as long as the spray bar shall be used at the beginning and end of each spread ,he paper shall
be removed after use
)ny skipped areas or recogni!ed deficiencies shall be corrected immediately by hand
application and hand operated pressure devices or by other equally suitable means
+n the event that any structure becomes discolored with bituminous material# the Contractor#
at his own e?pense# shall remove the discoloration to the satisfaction of the 1ngineer
:0:6:64 A$$-'&t')! )( t0% C);%# A//#%/t%
+mmediately after the application of asphalt# the cover aggregate shall be evenly spread over
the surface at the rate of appro?imately .../ to ...E cubic metre per square metre ,he e?act
quantity shall be as directed by the 1ngineer 'preading shall be accomplished by aggregate spreader
only so that an even and accurate distribution is obtained ,he use of spreader boards attached to tail
gates of trucks shall not be permitted ,he tires of the aggregate trucks shall at no time come in contact
with the uncovered and newly applied asphalt
)s soon as the cover aggregate has been spread# the surface shall be broomed lightly with
approved push or drag broom to insure an even distribution# and shall then be rolled with an approved
power roller weighing not less than &# nor more than A tonnes to a uniform surface
:0:6:6? M'!t%!!&%
,he Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance of the surface until the work is
accepted by the 1ngineer ,he maintenance work shall consist of keeping any e?cess aggregate evenly
spread over the asphalt surface by approved sweeping devices +t shall also consist of keeping all
potholes or failures which may occur# repaired by use of additional asphalt and necessary aggregate )ll
fat or bleeding surfaces shall be covered with approved cover aggregate so that the asphalt will not
adhere to# or be picked up by the wheels of vehicles
:0:64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities of bituminous material and cover aggregate shall be measured by the tonne
(t)# calculated by the actual rate of application approved by the 1ngineer
:0:6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.B/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous 'eal Coat# which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.B (ituminous 'eal Coat
B.B ($) Cover )ggregate# ,ype PPP ,onne
B.B (-) 7C PPP CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B.B (B) 0C PPP CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B.B (/) )sphalt Cement Pen 9r ,onne
ITEM :04 7 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
:0468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of either a single application of bituminous material followed by a
single spreading of aggregate (single surface treatment) or two applications of bituminous material each
followed by a spreading of aggregate (double surface treatment) in accordance with the Plans and
'pecifications
:0462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:046268 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-*
,he appro?imate amounts of materials per square metre and sequence of operations for
single and double surface treatment shall be as provided in ,able B./$ and ,able B./-# whichever is
called for in the (ill of Fuantities
,he quantities given in the ,ables are those of aggregates having a bulk specific gravity of
-A& as determined by ))'H,4 , J/ and , J& Proportionate corrections will be made when the
aggregate furnished on the "ob has a bulk specific gravity above -E& or below -&& +n such case# the
corrected amount will be the product of the quantity shown in the tables and the ratio of the bulk specific
gravity of aggregate to -A&
,he amounts given in the ,ables are appro?imate and the e?act amounts will be set by the
1ngineer ,otal amount of bituminous material per square metre may be varied by the 1ngineer as
necessary to fit conditions# but the total amount of aggregate per square metre# after ad"usting for
specific gravity will not be changed
T,%- :0468 7 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-* !" S%9+%!&% )( O$%#t')!* U*'!/ C+tDB&. A*$0-t )#
A*$0-t C%5%!t
)ggregate 9rading and 'equence of
4perations
'ingle
',
Double
',
5irst Course<
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
.E = $$ )C $A = -. )C
.% = $& 7C $J = -B 7C
'pread )ggregate<
9rading )# kg@m
-
--. = -E.
9rading (# kg@m
-
$$. = $/.
'econd Course<
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
-B = -E )C
-J = B& 7C
'pread )ggregate<
9rading C# kg@m
-
$$. = $/.
T,%- :0462 7 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-* !" S%9+%!&% )( O$%#t')!*
U*'!/ E5+-*'('%" A*$0-t
)ggregate 9rading and 'equence of
4perations
'ingle
',
Double
',
5irst Course<
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
.% = $A $/ = -.
'pread )ggregate<
9rading )# kg@m
-
$/. = $%.
9rading (# kg@m
-
$$. = $/.
'econd Course<
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
-$ = B.
'pread )ggregate<
9rading C# kg@m
-
&. = J.
:046262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-*
(ituminous materials shall be either C0'C$ (Cationic 0apid 'etting)# C0'C- (Cationic 0apid
'etting)# 0'C$ (0apid 'etting)# 0'C- (0apid 'etting)# )C $-.C$&. ()sphalt cement)# 7C -&.CJ..
(7edium Curing)# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the requirements of
+tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials# Penetration 9rade 6o of asphalt cement# the type and grade of cutC
back and emulsified asphalt will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
:04626: A//#%/t%*
,he aggregates shall be crushed stone# crushed slag# or crushed gravel 4nly one type of
aggregate shall be used in a pro"ect unless alternative types are approved ,he gradation shall conform
to ,able B./B
T,-% :046: 7 A//#%/t% G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard )lternative 9rading ) 9rading ( 9rading C
mm 2' 'tandard
-&. $H $.. C C
$%. NH %. = $.. C C
$-& OH -. = && $.. C
%& B@JH . = $& J& = $.. $..
/E& 6o / . = & $. = B. J& = $..
-BA 6o J C . = $. $. = /.
$$J 6o $A C . = & . = $.
.B.. 6o &. C C . = &
,he aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding /. when tested by ))'H,4
, %A
When crushed gravel is used# not less than &. mass percent of the particles retained on the
/E& mm (6o /) sieve shall have at least one fractured face
When crushed slag is used# it must be of uniform density and quality and shall have a density
not less than %A. kg@m
B
(A. lb@cuft) as determined by ))'H,4 , $%
:046: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:046:68 Rt%* )( A$$-'&t')!ES$#%"'!/ )( A*$0-t !" A//#%/t%
,he rates of application@spreading of asphalt and aggregate shall be within the range in ,able
B./$ and B./- respectively ,hese quantities are given as guide only and will vary considerably
according to the type and condition of the surface# the grading# type# shape and absorbency of the
aggregate# the weather condition and the traffic ,he actual quantities to be used for surface treatment
shall be determined by the Contractor in accordance with the design methods for oneCsi!e aggregate
given in the )sphalt +nstitute 7anual (7'C$B)# )sphalt 'urface ,reatment ,he proposed design shall be
sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
,he Contractor shall furnish the 1ngineer a certified vendorDs certificate in duplicate
immediately upon delivery of asphaltic material to the 'ite
,he Contractor shall provide weighing equipment on the 'ite to control the application of
aggregates ,he weighing equipment shall have an approved multiple beam type scale with indicator and
other necessary dials for accurately weighing the aggregate ,he scale shall be protected by a weatherC
proof house with a floor area not less than $. m
-
,he Contractor shall at his own e?pense have the
scale tested and approved by the Department of Public Works and Highways
:046:62 E9+'$5%!t
1quipment for applying the bituminous material shall conform to the requirements of
'ubsection B.$B-# 1quipment of +tem B.$# (ituminous Prime Coat ) mechanical spreader shall be
used for spreading the aggregates +t shall be capable of spreading the aggregate uniformly over the full
width of the area being treated and shall have controls to regulate the feed gates# the feed roll# the auger
and the truck hatch ,he equipment shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
:046:6: A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he application of bituminous material shall be done when the weather is warm and dry
,he required asphaltic material shall be applied to the surface at least twenty four (-/) hours
after it has been prime coated
Prior to applying the aphaltic material# dirt and other ob"ectionable material shall be removed
from the surface +f so directed by the 1ngineer# the surface shall be cleaned by power broom until all
dust and loose materials are removed )sphaltic material shall be applied on a dry surface whenever
cutCback or asphalt cement is used> moist surface when emulsified asphalt is used
'praying shall not be done unless the road temperature has been above -.
.
C for at least one
hour prior to the commencement of spraying operations# and the temperature shall not be less than -.
.
C
during the spraying
,he application temperature for asphalt cement shall be within the range that produces a
viscosity of $. to A. second 'aybolt 5urol and for cutCback asphalt shall be within the range given in +tem
E.-# (ituminous 7aterial ,he temperature shall be such that no fogging occurs
:046:64 S$#%"'!/ )( A//#%/t%
+mmediately after applying the asphaltic material# dry aggregate shall be uniformly and evenly
distributed over the treated surface from an approved mechanical aggregate spreader ,he truck
carrying the aggregate shall move backward as it spreads the aggregate so as to prevent the tires of the
truck and the mechanical aggregate spreader from driving directly on the newly sprayed asphalt
6o portion of the sprayed surface shall remain uncovered for a period in e?cess of - minutes
+mmediately after spreading the aggregate# the treated surface shall be rolled with an approved
pneumaticCtire roller
Where asphaltic material is e?posed during rolling# the area shall be covered with additional
aggregate and further rolled until an even surface results
:046:6? C)!t#)- )( T#(('&
,he Contractor shall take all steps necessary to control traffic over newlyClaid bituminous
surface treatment so that the surface is not damaged in any way ,raffic shall be prohibited from
traveling at speeds in e?cess of /. km@h until the asphaltic material has set ,he Contractor shall
ensure that no vehicles# including those delivering aggregates# shall be permitted to turn around on
newlyClaid material
:0464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
(ituminous material and aggregate for (ituminous 'urface ,reatment will be measured by
the tonne (t) ,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of tonnes of bituminous material and
aggregate used and accepted in the completed work
:046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.//# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous 'urface ,reatment# which price and payment shall be full compensation
for furnishing and placing all materials and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B./ (ituminous 'urface ,reatment ,onne
B./ ($) )ggregate 9rading ,onne
B./ (-) )sphalt Cement Pen 9rade ,onne
B./ (B) 0C PPP CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B./ (/) 7C PPP CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B./ (&) 1mulsified )sphalt ,onne
ITEM :0? 7 BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM PAVEMENT
:0?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and placing one or more courses of graded aggregate
and one or more application of bituminous material# followed by a seal coat with cover aggregate
constructed on a prepared base in accordance with these 'pecifications and in conformity with the lines#
grades and typical crossCsections shown on the Plans
:0?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0?6268 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-*
,he appro?imate amounts of materials per square metre and sequence of operations shall be
provided in ,able B.&$# whichever is called for in the (ill of quantities
,he weights given in the ,able are those of aggregates having a bulk specific gravity of -A&
as determined by ))'H,4 , J/ and , J& Proportionate corrections will be made when the aggregates
furnished on the "ob have a bulk specific gravity above -E& or below -&& +n such case# the corrected
amount will be the product of the weight given in the ,able and the ratio of the bulk specific gravity of the
aggregate to -A&
,he amounts in the ,able are appro?imate and the e?act quantity will be set by the 1ngineer
,otal amount of bituminous material per square metre may be varied by the 1ngineer as necessary to fit
conditions# but the total amount of aggregate per square metre# after ad"usting for specific gravity will not
be changed
T,-% :0?68 7 Q+!t't'%* )( Mt%#'-* !" S%9+%!&% )( O$%#t')!*
,ype of (ituminous 7aterial
,ype of )ggregate and )sphalt Cement 1mulsified
'equence of 4perations or 0apid Curing )sphalt
(0C)
5irst 3ayer<
'pread )ggregates<
Coarse )ggregate# kg@m
-
%. %.
Choker )ggregate# kg@m
-
C $.
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
/. &&
'econd 3ayer<
'pread )ggregate<
8ey )ggregate# kg@m
-
$B $.
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
$J B&
,hird 3ayer<
'pread )ggregate<
8ey )ggregate# kg@m
-
$$ J
)pply bituminous material# 3@m
-
$/ -
5ourth 3ayer<
'pread )ggregate<
Cover )ggregate# kg@m
-
J J
,otal Fuantities<
(ituminous 7aterial# 3@m
-
E- $$
)ggregate# kg@m
-
$-- $-A
:0?6262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he bituminous material shall be either )sphalt Cement# 0apid Curing (0C)# CutCback
)sphalt or 1mulsified )sphalt# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the
requirements of +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials ,he Penetration 9rade 6umber of asphalt cement and
type and@or grade of cutCback or emulsified asphalt will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
:0?626: A//#%/t%
,he coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone# crushed slag or crushed gravel ,he choker
material# key rock# and cover aggregate shall be crushed or broken stone# crushed gravel# or crushed
boulders or screened gravel or coarse sand )ll aggregate shall consist of clean# tough# durable
fragments# free from e?cess of flat# soft or disintegrated pieces and free from stone coated with dirt or
other ob"ectionable matter which will prevent adherence of the asphalt to the aggregate 6atural gravel
may be used for cover material 9radation shall conform to ,able B.&-
T,-% :0?62 7 A//#%/t% G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard )lternate Coarse Choker 8ey Cover
7m 2' 'tandard )ggregate )ggregate )ggregate )ggregate
AB - = $@-H $.. C C C
&. -H %. = $.. C C C
BE& $ = $@-H B& = E. C C C
-& $H . = $& C $.. C
$% NH C $.. %. = $.. C
$-& OH . = & %. = $.. -. = && $..
%& B@JH C /. = E. . = $& J& = $..
/E& 6o / C . = $& . = & $. = B.
-BA 6o J C . = & C . = $.
$$J 6o $A C C C . = &
,he aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding /. when tested by ))'H,4
, %A
When the crushed gravel is sub"ected to five cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test
())'H,4 , $./)# the weighted loss shall not e?ceed $- mass percent
When crushed slag is used# it must be of uniform density and quality and shall have a density
not less than $$-. kg@m
B
(E. lb@cu ft) as determined by ))'H,4 , $%
:0?6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0?6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
)pplication of bituminous material shall be made only when the aggregate is dry and the
atmospheric temperature in the shade is $&
.
C or above and when the weather is not foggy or rainy
:0?6:62 E9+'$5%!t
,he equipment to be used shall include hand or power operated brooms# shovels# rakes# selfC
powered bituminous material distributors or hand or powerCoperated spray pumps# broom dragging
equipment and selfCpowered rollers ) sufficient number of stiffCfiber or steelCbristle push brooms shall
be included )pplication of the bituminous material by any means other than a pressure spray will not
be approved and the equipment used shall be of such nature that the temperature of application of the
bituminous material can be accurately controlled within the limits specified and such that the rates of
application can be accurately controlled
,he rollers shall be selfCpropelled steel wheel# vibratory or pneumatic type ,he number and
weight of rollers shall be sufficient to compact the layer to the required condition
:0?6:6: C)!"'t')!'!/ )( E<'*t'!/ B*%
(efore spreading the aggregate# the base shall be cleaned of all loose foreign materials
,he e?isting base shall be swept until the embedded large aggregate is e?posed# or in the case of a
previously constructed asphalt surface# until the surface is free of mud or other covering
+f shown on the Plans and called for in the (ill of Fuantities# a prime coat shall be applied to
the prepared untreated base in accordance with the +tem B.$# (ituminous Prime Coat# or in case of
previously constructed asphalt or cement surface tack coat shall be applied in accordance with +tem B.-#
(ituminous ,ack Coat
:0?6:64 S$#%"'!/ !" C)5$&t'!/ )( A//#%/t% L2%#*
,he number of layers in which the macadam pavement is to be constructed and the order
and rates the bituminous material and mineral aggregates are to be spread shall be as indicated in ,able
B.&$
,he type of aggregate required in the order of spreading shall be placed in the required
amount of approved aggregate spreaders# or by other approved mechanical methods )ll areas with
nonCuniformly graded aggregate shall be removed and replaced with suitable materials before the rolling
begins ,hese corrections shall be made by hand picking whenever necessary and shall be continued
after initial rolling until the appearance and te?ture of the aggregate are uniform and all irregularities are
corrected
,he aggregate shall be dryCrolled until it is compacted and keyed 0olling shall progress
gradually from the sides to the center# parallel with the center line of the road and overlapping uniformly
each preceding rear wheel track by oneChalf the width of such track and shall continue until the
aggregate does not creep or displace ahead of the rollers
7aterials which are crushed e?cessively under the roller or becomes segregated in such a
manner as to prevent free and uniform penetration of the bituminous material shall be removed and
replaced with suitable aggregate ,he compacted aggregate shall have a firm and even surface
Dry rolling shall be stopped when the surface of the aggregate will support the distributor and
before the voids are closed sufficiently to prevent the free uniform penetration of the bituminous material
)long curbs# headers and walls# and at all places not accessible to the roller# the aggregate
shall be tamped thoroughly with mechanical tampers or with
hand tampers 1ach hand tamper shall have a mass of not less than -& kg and a face area of not more
than -&. mm by -&. mm
)ggregate in any layer that becomes coated or mi?ed with dirt or clay prior to the application
of the bituminous material shall be removed and replace with clean aggregates and the area shall be
rerolled
Prior to application of the bituminous material# the surface of the aggregate layer will be
tested by the 1ngineer using a BCm straightCedge at selected locations ,he variation of the surface from
the testing edge of the straightCedge between any two contacts with the surface shall at no point e?ceed
$. mm )ll humps or depressions e?ceeding the specified tolerances shall be corrected by removing
defective work and replacing it with new materials as specified
1ach layer of aggregate shall be spread so that the bituminous material is covered before
wheels or tracks pass over it
:0?6:6? A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he bituminous material shall be uniformly applied at the rate specified in ,able B.&$
(uilding paper shall be placed over the end of the previous application and the "oining application shall
start on the building paper (uilding paper so used shall be removed and disposed off in a satisfactory
manner During the application of the bituminous material# care shall be taken to prevent spattering of
ad"acent pavements# structures and trees
,he distributors shall not be cleaned or discharged into ditches# borrow pits or shoulders
along the rightCofCway
:0?64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
(ituminous 7aterials# and )ggregate for (ituminous Penetration 7acadam Pavement will be
measured by the tonne (t) ,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of tonnes of bituminous
material and aggregate used and accepted in the completed work
:0?6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.&/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous Penetration 7acadam Pavement# which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials and for all labor# equipment# tools# and incidentals
necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.& (ituminous Penetration
7acadam Pavement
B.& ($) )ggregates ,onne
B.& (-) )sphalt Cement ,onne
B.& (B) 0C PPP CutCback )sphalt ,onne
B.& (/) 1mulsified )sphalt ,onne
ITEM :0@ 7 BITUMINOUS ROAD MI= SURFACE COURSE
:0@68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of constructing a bituminous roadCmi? surface course on a prepared
base in accordance with these 'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades and typical crossC
sections shown on the Plans# or as established by the 1ngineer
:0@62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0@6268 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he bituminous material shall be either rapid Curing (0C) CutCback# 7edium Curing (7C)
CutCback or 1mulsified )sphalt# whichever is called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the
requirements of +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterial ,he type and grade will be specified in the 'pecial
Provisions
:0@6262 A//#%/t%
,he aggregate shall conform to applicable requirements of +tem E.B# )ggregates +t will be
tested for acceptance immediately preceding addition of bituminous material to the mi? ,his )cceptance
will be based on periodic samples from the windrowed materials after all aggregates have been blended
for each layer
,he aggregate may be new or salvaged from the e?isting surface
$ 6ew )ggregate
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.B# )ggregates
- 'alvaged )ggregate
Where aggregate required for the road mi? surface course is already in place# the
Contractor shall not be responsible for its grading or quality e?cept for removal of
oversi!e pieces +n general# salvaged aggregate to be used for road mi? surface
course will consist of materials meeting the requirements given in +tem E.B#
)ggregates# for new aggregate or may consist of selected granular material for other
gradings )ny particles of salvaged aggregate appearing in the surface at the time
of layCdown and finishing that will not pass BE& mm ($C$@- inch) sieve shall be
removed by the Contractor as directed by the 1ngineer
:0@626: P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he proportion of bituminous material on the basis of total dry aggregate# shall be from /& to
E. mass percent when cutCback asphalt is used and from A. to $.. mass percent when emulsified
asphalt is used ,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer in accordance with the
"obCmi? formula and the other quality control requirements
During the mi?ing operation# oneChalf to one (.& to $.) mass percent of hydrated lime# dry
aggregate basis# shall be added to the mi?ture ,he lower percentage limit is applicable to aggregates
which are predominantly calcareous
:0@6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0@6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
,he construction of road mi? bituminous pavement shall be carried on only when the surface
on which the material is to be placed is dry and when the weather is not foggy or rainy
:0@6:62 C)!*t#+&t')! E9+'$5%!t
,he equipment used by the Contractor shall include scarifying# mi?ing# spreading# finishing
and compacting equipment> a bituminous distributor> and the equipment for heating bituminous material
,he distributor shall be so designed# equipped# maintained and operated that bituminous
material at even heat may be applied uniformly on variable widths of surface up to /& m at readily
determined and controlled rates from .- to $. 3@m
-
# with uniform pressure# and with an allowable
variation from any specified rate not to e?ceed .$ 3@m
-
Distributor equipment shall include a
tachometer pressure gauge# accurate volume measuring devices or a calibrated tank# and a
thermometer for measuring temperatures of tank contents Distributors shall be equipped with a power
unit for the pump# and full circulation spray bars ad"ustable laterally and vertically
,ravelling or stationary mi?ing plants or other equipment of proven performance may be used
by the Contractor in lieu of the specified equipment# if approved by the 1ngineer
0ollers shall be selfCpropelled steelCwheel tandem or BCwheel rollers weighing not less than J
tonnes each and pneumatic tire rollers having a total compacting width of not less than $#&-. mm (A.
inches) and the gross mass ad"ustable within the range of B#A/. to A#BA. kilograms per metre (-.. t.
B&. pounds per inch) of compaction width ,he operating mass shall be directed ,ire pressure or
contact pressure may be specified for pneumaticCtire rollers )ll tires on pneumatic rollers shall be
equally inflated# e?erting equal unit pressure# with a means of varying the contact pressure to suit pro"ect
conditions
:0@6:6: P#%$#t')! )( B*%
$ Case $ (6ew )ggregate)
When new aggregate is to be used for the road mi? surface course# the e?isting
base shall be scarified lightly and bladed to uniform grade and to the crossCsection
shown on the Plans and shall then be rolled or watered and rolled# as directed +f so
ordered by the 1ngineer# depressions shall first be filled and weak portions of the base
strengthened with new aggregate
- Case - ('alvaged )ggregate)
When material in the e?isting road surface is to be used for mi?ing# the surface shall
be scarified lightly and bladed to uniform grade and to the crossCsection shown on the
Plans ,he reshaped surface shall then be scarified again to the depth ordered by the
1ngineer and in such manner as to leave a foundation of undisturbed material parallel#
both in profile and crossCsection# to the proposed finished surface ,he loosened
materials shall be bladed aside into a windrow at the side of the road and the
undisturbed material rolled or watered and rolled# as directed
:0@6:64 P-&'!/ A//#%/t%*
6ew aggregates# where required# shall be uniformly spread on the prepared surface by the
use of spreader bo?es# or other approved mechanical spreading devices When two or more si!es of
aggregates are used# each si!e of aggregate shall be placed in the proper amount to provide for
surfacing of the required width and thickness ,he proper amounts of the separate si!es of aggregate
for each course shall be blended and shaped into a windrow of uniform crossCsection )t least one day
shall be allowed for measuring# sampling and testing for approval of quantity and gradation before the
windrowed material is spread for application of bituminous material
+f the surface moisture of the aggregate is more than - percent of the dry weight of the
aggregate# e?cept when the bituminous material is emulsified asphalt# the aggregate shall be turned by
blades or disc harrows or otherwise aerated until the moisture content is reduced to - percent or less
,he aggregate shall then be spread smoothly and uniformly over half the road or other convenient width
of the surface ready for the application of bituminous material# e?cept that when a traveling mi?ing plant
is used# the aggregate shall be formed into a uniform crossCsection
+n lieu of aerating and drying the aggregate# the Contractor may use an approved additive#
e?cept where emulsified asphalt is used# which shall be satisfactorily blended with the bituminous
material ,he additive shall permit suitable coating of the wet aggregate and shall prevent the
bituminous coating from stripping in the presence of water
:0@6:6? A$$-'&t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he bituminous material shall be uniformly distributed in successive application# in such
amounts and at such intervals as directed ,he mi?ing equipment shall follow immediately behind the
distributor# after each application of bituminous material# to partially mi? the aggregate and the
bituminous material
:0@6:6@ M'<'!/
)fter the last application of bituminous material and partial mi?ing# the entire mass of
bituminous material and aggregate shall be windrowed on the road surface and then mi?ed# by blading
the mi?ture from side to side of the road# or by manipulation producing equivalent results# until all
aggregate particles are coated with bituminous material and the whole mass has a uniform color and the
mi?ture is free from fat or lean spots# or balls of uncoated particles During the mi?ing operations# care
shall be taken to avoid cutting into the underlying course or contaminating the mi?ture with earth or other
e?traneous matter When directed# the mi?ing process shall be confined to part of the width or area of
the road so as to allow traffic to pass
'hould the mi?ture show an e?cess# deficiency or uneven distribution of bituminous material#
the condition shall be corrected by the addition of aggregate or bituminous material as required and reC
mi?ing +f the mi?ture contains e?cessive amounts of moisture or volatile matter# it shall be bladed#
aerated or otherwise manipulated until the moisture and volatile content are satisfactory ,he spreading
of the mi? shall not be done when the surface to be covered is in an unsatisfactory condition )t the end
of each dayDs work# or when the work is interrupted by weather conditions or otherwise# all loose
materials shall be bladed into a windrow# whether mi?ing is completed or not# and shall be retained in a
windrow until operations are resumed
When the mi?ing operations have been satisfactorily completed# the mi?ture shall be formed
into a windrow of uniform crossCsection
+f the Contractor elects to use traveling or stationary mi?ing plants in lieu of the specified
equipment# the same requirements regarding residual moisture and evaporation of volatiles given above
shall apply
:0@6:6A S$#%"'!/3 C)5$&t'!/ !" F'!'*0'!/
,he material shall be spread by a selfCpropelled pneumaticCtire blade grader or a mechanical
spreader of approved type +n spreading from the windrow# care shall be taken to avoid cutting into the
underlying base
)fter the material is spread# the surface shall be rolled 0olling shall be parallel to the road
center line and shall commence at the outer edges of the road# overlapping the shoulders and
progressing towards the center# overlapping on successive passes by at least oneChalf the width of the
roller# e?cept that on superelevated curves# rolling shall progress from the lower to the upper edge
1ach pass shall terminate at least %$. mm (B ft) in advance or to the rear of the end of the
preceding pass During compaction# the surface shall be dragged or bladed as necessary to fill ruts and
to remove incipient corrugations or other irregularities 0olling shall continue until the surfacing is of
uniform te?ture and satisfactory compaction is obtained +nitial rolling shall be performed with a
pneumaticCtire roller and final rolling with a BCwheel or tandem type steel wheel roller 0olling shall be
discontinued whenever it begins to produce e?cessive pulveri!ing of the aggregate or displacement of
the mi?ture
When the compacted thickness of the road mi? surface is to be more than &. mm (- inches)#
the mi?ture shall be spread from the windrow and compacted in two layers# the first layer to be bladed
and rolled before the second layer is spread
While the surface is being compacted and finished# the Contractor shall trim the edges neatly
to line
:0@6:6B S+#(&% R%9+'#%5%!t*
'urface requirements shall be as specified in 'ubsection B.EB$$ e?cept that the
permissible surface variance will be $. mm in B m (BJ inch in $. ft)
:0@64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
(ituminous material and aggregate for (ituminous 0oad 7i? 'urface Course will be
measured by the tonne (t) ,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of tonnes of bituminous
material and aggregate used and accepted in the completed work ,he weight of all moisture in the
aggregate will be deducted from the pay quantity
Due to possible variations in the specific gravity of the aggregates# the tonnage used may
vary from the proposed quantities 6o ad"ustment in contract unit price will be made because of such
variation
:0@6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.A/ shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous 0oad 7i? 'urface Course# which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing materials# handling# mi?ing# hauling# placing# rolling# compacting# labor#
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.A (ituminous 0oad 7i? 'urface
Course
B.A ($) )ggregate for (ituminous 0oad 7i?
'urface Course ,onne
B.A (-) (ituminous 7aterial for (ituminous
0oad 7i? 'urface Course
,onne
ITEM :0A 7 BITUMINOUS PLANTDMI= SURFACE COURSE D GENERAL
:0A68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item includes general requirements that are applicable to all types of bituminous plant
mi? surface courses irrespective of gradation of aggregate or kind and amount of bituminous material
Derivations from these general requirements will be indicated in the specific requirements for each type
,his work shall consist of constructing one or more bituminous bound layers on a prepared
foundation in accordance with the 'pecifications and the specific requirements of the type under
contract# and in reasonably close conformity with the lines# grades# thickness# and typical crossCsections
shown on the Plans within the tolerances specified or established by the 1ngineer
:0A62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0A6268 C)5$)*'t')! !" Q+-'t2 )( B't+5'!)+* M'<t+#%
(;obC7i? 5ormula) ,he bituminous mi?ture shall be composed of aggregate# mineral filler#
hydrated lime# and bituminous material
)t least three weeks prior to production# the Contractor shall submit in writing a "obCmi?
formula for each mi?ture supported by laboratory test data along with samples and sources of the
components and viscosityCtemperature relationships information to the 1ngineer for testing and approval
1ach "obCmi? formula submitted shall propose definite single values for<
$ ,he percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve si!e
- ,he percentage of bituminous material to be added
B ,he temperature of the mi?ture delivered on the road
/ ,he kind and percentage of additive to be used
& ,he kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used
)fter the "obCmi? is established# all mi?ture furnished for the pro"ect shall conform thereto
within the following ranges of tolerances<
Passing 6o / and larger sieves M E percent
Passing 6o J to 6o $.. sieves (inclusive) M / percent
Passing 6o -.. sieve M - percent
(ituminous 7aterial M ./ percent
,emperature of 7i?ture M $.
.
C
'hould a change in source of material be proposed or should a "obCmi? formula prove
unsatisfactory# a new "obCmi? formula shall be submitted by the Contractor in writing and be approved by
the 1ngineer prior to production
)pproval of a new "obmi? formula may require laboratory testing and verification
,he mi?ture shall have a minimum compressive strength of $/ 7Pa (-.. psi)
,he mi?ture shall have a mass percent air voids with the range of B to &
,he mi?ture shall also have an inde? of retained strength of not less than E. when tested by
))'H,4 , $A& 5or aggregates having ma?imum si!es over -& mm ($ inch)# ))'H,4 , $A& will be
modified to use $&. mm ? $&. mm (A ? A inches) cylindrical specimens ,he $&. mm (A inches cylinders
will be compacted by the procedures outlined in ))'H,4 , $AE modified to employ $. repetitions of a
molding load of %A 7Pa ($/.. psi)# with no appreciable holding time after each application of the full
load
:0A6262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he kind of bituminous material to be used will be as called for in the (ill of Fuantities# while
the type and grade will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions ,he grade may be changed one step by
the 1ngineer at no change in unit price +t shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.-#
(ituminous 7aterials
:0A626: A//#%/t%*
)ggregates shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.B# )ggregates
:0A6264 M'!%#- F'--%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.B )# 7ineral 5iller
:0A626? H2"#t%" L'5%
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.$# Construction 3ime
:0A626@ P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he proportion of bituminous material# on the basis of total dry aggregate# shall be from &. to
J. mass percent ,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer in accordance with
"obCmi? formula and other quality control requirements
Hydrated lime shall be added to the mi?ture during the mi?ing operation in the amount of oneC
half to one (.& to $.) mass percent# dry aggregate basis ,he lower percentage limit is applicable to
aggregates which are predominantly calcareous
:0A6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0A6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
(ituminous Plant mi? shall not be placed on any wet surface# or when weather conditions
would prevent the proper handling or finishing of the bituminous mi?tures
:0A6:62 C)!*t#+&t')! E9+'$5%!t
$ (ituminous 7i?ing Plant
'ufficient storage space shall be provided for each si!e of aggregate ,he different
aggregate si!es shall be kept separated until they have been delivered to the cold elevator feeding the
drier ,he storage yard shall be maintained neat and orderly and the separate stockpiles shall be readily
accessible for sampling
Plants used for the preparation of bituminous mi?tures shall conform to the requirements for
all plants under (a) below e?cept that scale requirements shall apply only where weight proportioning is
used +n addition# batch mi?ing plants and continuous mi?ing plants shall conform to the respective
requirements which follow this 'ubsection
a 0equirements for all Plants
7i?ing plants shall be of sufficient capacity and coordinated to adequately handle the
proposed bituminous construction
$ Plant 'cales 'cales shall be accurate to .& percent of the ma?imum load that
may be required Poises shall be designed to be locked in any position to prevent unauthori!ed change
of position +n lieu of plant and truck scales# the Contractor may provide an approved automatic printer
system which will print the weights of the material delivered# provided the system is used in con"unction
with an approved automatic batching and mi?ing control system 'uch weights shall be evidenced by a
weight ticket for each load
'cales shall be inspected and sealed as often as the 1ngineer may deem
necessary to assure their continued accuracy ,he Contractor shall have on hand
not less than ten -.Ckg weights for testing the scales
- 1quipment for Preparation of (ituminous 7aterial ,anks for the storage of
bituminous material shall be equipped with the proper devices to heat and hold the material at the
required temperatures ,he heating shall be accomplished by steam coils# electricity# or other approved
means so that no flame shall be in contact with the tank ,he circulating system for the bituminous
material shall be designed to assure proper and continuous circulation during the operating period
Provision shall be made for measuring and sampling storage tanks
B 5eeder for Drier ,he plant shall be provided with accurate mechanical means for
uniformly feeding the aggregate into the drier so that uniform production and
temperature will be obtained
/ Drier ,he plant shall include a drier or driers which continuously agitate during
the heating and drying process 5or coldCtype bituminous mi?# equipment for mechanical cooling of the
dried aggregate to the temperature prescribed for cold mi?tures shall be provided and shall be capable of
supplying prepared material for the mi?er to operate at full capacity
& 'creens Plant screens# capable of screening all aggregate to the specified si!es
and proportions and having normal capacities in e?cess of the full capacity of the
mi?er# shall be provided
A (ins ,he plant shall include storage bins of sufficient capacity to supply the
mi?er when it is operating at full capacity (ins shall be arranged to assure separate and adequate
storage of appropriate fractions of the mineral aggregates 'eparate dry storage shall be provided for
filler or hydrated lime when used and the plant shall be equipped to feed such material into the mi?er
1ach bin shall be provided with overflow pipes# of such si!e and at such locations as to prevent backing
up of material into other compartments or bins 1ach compartment shall be provided with individual
outlet gate# constructed so that when closed# there shall be no leakage ,he gates shall cut off quickly
and completely (ins shall be so constructed that samples can be readily obtained (ins shall be
equipped with adequate tellCtale devices to indicate the position of the aggregates in the bins at the lower
quarter points
E (ituminous Control 9ate 'atisfactory means# either by weighing or metering# shall
be provided to obtain the proper amount of bituminous material in the mi? within the
tolerance specified 7eans shall be provided for checking the quantity or rate of
flow of bituminous material into the mi?er
J ,hermometric 1quipment )n armored thermometric of adequate range in
temperature reading shall be fi?ed in the bituminous feed line at a suitable location
near the charging valve at the mi?er unit
,he plant shall also be equipped with either an approved dialCscale# mercuryC
actuated thermometer# an electric pyrometer# or other approved thermometric
instrument so placed at the discharge chute of the drier as to register automatically
or indicate the temperature of the heated aggregates
,he 1ngineer may require replacement of any thermometer by an approved
temperatureCrecording apparatus for better regulation of the temperature of
aggregates
% Dust Collector ,he plant shall be equipped with a dust collector constructed to
waste or return uniformly all or any part of the material to the hot elevator collected
as directed
$. ,ruck 'cales ,he bituminous mi?ture shall be weighed on approved scales
furnished by the Contractor or on public scales at the ContractorDs e?pense 'uch
scales shall be inspected and sealed as often as the 1ngineer deems necessary to
assure their accuracy ('ee paragraph +)
$$ 'afety 0equirements )dequate and safe stairways to the mi?er platform and
sampling points shall be provided# and guarded ladders to other plant units shall be
placed at all points where accessibility to plant operations is required )ccessibility
to the top of truck bodies shall be provided by a platform or other suitable device to
enable the 1ngineer to obtain sampling and mi?ture temperature data ) hoist or
pulley system shall be provided to raise scale calibration equipment# sampling
equipment and other similar equipment from ground to the mi?er platform and return
)ll gears# pulleys# chains# sprockets# and other dangerous moving parts shall be
thoroughly guarded and protected )mple and unobstructed space shall be
provided on the mi?ing platform ) clear and unobstructed passage shall be
maintained at all times in and around the truck loading area ,his area shall be kept
free from drippings from the mi?ing platforms
b 0equirements for (atching Plants
$ Weigh bo? or hopper ,he equipment shall include a means for accurately weighing
each si!e of aggregate in a weight bo? or hopper suspended on scales and of ample
si!e to hold a full batch without hand raking or running over ,he gate shall close
tightly so that no material is allowed to leak into the mi?er while a batch is being
weighed
- (ituminous Control ,he equipment used to measure the bituminous material shall
be accurate to plus or minus .& percent ,he bituminous material bucket shall be a
nontilting type with a loose sheet metal cover ,he length of the discharge opening
or spray bar shall be less than N the length of the mi?er and it shall discharge
directly into the mi?er ,he bituminous material bucket# its discharge valve or valves
and spray bar shall be adequately heated 'team "ackets# if used# shall be
efficiently drained and all connections shall be so constructed that they will not
interfere with the efficient operation of the bituminous scales ,he capacity of the
bituminous material bucket shall be at least $& percent in e?cess of the weight of
bituminous material required in any batch ,he plant shall have an adequately
heated quickCacting# nonCdrip# charging valve located directly over the bituminous
material bucket
,he indicator dial shall have a capacity of at least $& percent in e?cess of the
quantity of bituminous material used in a batch ,he controls shall be constructed
so that they may be locked at any dial setting and will automatically reset to that
reading after the addition of bituminous material to each batch ,he dial shall be in
full view of the mi?er operator ,he flow of bituminous material shall be
automatically controlled so that it will begin when the dry mi?ing period is over )ll
of the bituminous material required for one batch shall be discharged in not more
than $& seconds after the flow has started ,he si!e and spacing of the spray bar
openings shall provide a uniform application of bituminous material the full length of
the mi?er ,he section of the bituminous line between the charging valve and the
spray bar shall be provided with a valve and outlet for checking the meter when a
metering device is substituted for a bituminous material bucket
B 7i?er ,he batch mi?er shall be an approved type capable of producing a uniform
mi?ture with the "obCmi? tolerances +f not enclosed# the mi?er bo? shall be equipped
with a dust hood to prevent loss of dust
,he clearance of blades from all fi?ed and moving parts shall not e?ceed -& mm
($ inch) unless the ma?imum diameter of the aggregate in the mi? e?ceed B. mm ($C
$@/ inches)# in which case the clearance shall not e?ceed /. mm ($C$@- inches)
/ Control of 7i?ing ,ime ,he mi?er shall be equipped with an accurate time lock to
control the operation of a complete mi?ing cycle +t shall lock the weigh bo? gate
after the charging of the mi?er until the closing of the mi?er gate at the completion of
the cycle +t shall lock the bituminous material bucket throughout the dry and wet
mi?ing periods ,he dry mi?ing period is defined as the interval of time between the
opening of the weigh bo? gate and the start of introduction of bituminous material
,he wet mi?ing period is the interval of time between the start of introduction of
bituminous material and the opening of the mi?er gate
,he control of the timing shall be fle?ible and capable of being set at intervals of &
seconds or less throughout a total cycle of up to B minutes ) mechanical batch
counter shall be installed as a part of the timing device and shall be so designed as
to register only completely mi?ed batches
,he setting of time interval shall be performed in the presence and at the
direction of the 1ngineer who shall then lock the case covering the timing device
until such time as a change is to be made in the timing periods
c 0equirement for Continuous 7i?ing Plants
$ )ggregate Proportioning ,he plant shall include means for accurately
proportioning each si!e of aggregate
,he plant shall have a feeder mounted under each compartment bin 1ach
compartment bin shall have an accurately controlled individual gate to form an orifice
for volumetrically measuring the material drawn from each compartment ,he
feeding orifice shall be rectangular with one dimension ad"ustable by positive
mechanical means provided with a lock
+ndicators shall be provided for each gate to show the respective gate opening in
millimeter
- Weight Calibration of )ggregate 5eed ,he plant shall include a means for
calibration of gate openings by weighing test samples Provision shall be made so
that materials fed out of individual orifice may be by passed to individual test bo?es
,he plant shall be equipped to conveniently handle individual test samples weighing
not less than &. kilograms )ccurate scales shall be provided by the Contractor to
weigh such test samples
B 'ynchroni!ation of )ggregate 5eed and (ituminous 7aterial 5eed 'atisfactory
means shall be provided to afford positive interlocking control between the flow of
aggregate from the bins and the flow of bituminous material from the meter or other
proportioning device ,his control shall be accomplished by interlocking mechanical
means or by any other positive method satisfactory to the 1ngineer
/ 7i?er ,he plants shall include a continuous mi?er of an approved type# adequately
heated and capable of producing a uniform mi?ture within the "obCmi? tolerances +t
shall be equipped with a discharge hopper with dump gates which will permit rapid
and complete discharge of the mi?ture ,he paddles shall be ad"ustable for angular
position on the shafts and reversible to retard the flow of the mi? ,he mi?er shall
have a manufacturerDs plate giving the net volumetric contents of the mi?er of the
several heights inscribed on a permanent gauge Charts shall be provided showing
the rate of feed or aggregate per minute for the aggregate being used
- Hauling 1quipment
,rucks used for hauling bituminous mi?tures shall have tight# clean# smooth metal beds which
have been thinly coated with approved material to prevent the mi?ture from adhering to the beds 1ach
truck shall have a cover of canvass or other suitable material of such si!e as to protect the mi?ture
from the weather When necessary# such that the mi?ture will be delivered on the road at the specified
temperature# truck beds shall be insulated and covers shall be securely fastened
,ruck beds shall be drained prior to loading
B (ituminous Pavers
,he equipment shall be selfCcontained# powerCpropelled units# provided with an ad"ustable
activated screed or strikeCoff assembly# heated if necessary# and capable of spreading and finishing
courses of bituminous plant mi? material in lane widths applicable to the specified typical section and
thickness shown on the Plans
Pavers shall be equipped with a control system capable of automatically maintaining the
screen elevation as specified herein ,he control system shall be automatically actuated from either a
reference line or surface through a system of mechanical sensors or sensor directed mechanisms or
devices which will maintain the paver screed at a predetermined transverse slope and at the proper
elevation to obtain the required surface When directed# the transverse slope control system shall be
made inoperative and the screed shall be controlled by sensor directed automatic mechanisms which will
independently control the elevation of each end of the screed from reference lines or surface
,he controls shall be capable of working in connection with any of the following attachments
a 'kiCtype device of not less than % m (B. feet) in length or as directed by the
1ngineer
b ,aut stringline (wire) set to grade
c 'hort ski or shoe
,he Contractor shall furnish the long ski# the short ski or shoe and furnish and install all
required stakes and wire for a taut stringline
'hould the automatic control systems become inoperative during the dayDs work# the
Contractor will be permitted to finish the dayDs work using manual controls# however# work shall not be
resumed thereafter until the automatic control system has been made operative
,he Contractor shall provide and have ready for use at all times enough covers# as may be
necessary# for use in any emergency such as rain# chilling wind# on unavoidable delay# for the purpose of
covering or protecting any material that may have been dumped and not spread
/ 0ollers
,he equipment shall be of the steel and@or pneumatic tire type and shall be in good condition#
capable of reversing without backlash# and shall be operated at speeds slow enough to avoid
displacement of the bituminous mi?ture ,he number and weight of rollers shall be sufficient to compact
the mi?ture to the required density while it is still in a workable condition ,he use of equipment which
results in e?cessive crushing of the aggregate will not be permitted
:0A6:6: C)!"'t')!'!/ )( E<'*t'!/ S+#(&%
+mmediately before placing the bituminous mi?ture# the e?isting surface shall be cleaned of
loose or deleterious material by brooming or other approved means
Contract surface or curb# gutters# manholes and other structures shall be painted with a thin#
uniform coating of bituminous material prior to the bituminous mi?ture being placed against them
:0A6:64 P#%$#t')! )( B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he bituminous material shall be heated so as to avoid local overheating and provide a
continuous supply of the bituminous material to the mi?er at a uniform temperature ,he temperature of
asphalt cement delivered to the mi?er shall be as required to achieve a kinematic viscosity in the range
of $&.CB.. mm
-
@s# as determined by ))'H,4 , -.$ )sphalt cement shall not be used while it is
foaming nor shall be heated above $&%
.
C (B-.
.
5) at any time after delivery in the pro"ect
:0A6:6? P#%$#t')! )( A//#%/t%
)ggregates for pug mill mi?ing shall be heated# dried and delivered to the mi?ing unit at a
temperature within the range M$E
.
C (MB.
.
5) of the bitumen 7oisture content of the aggregate shall not
e?ceed one mass percent at the time it is introduced into the mi?ing unit 5lames used for drying and
heating shall be properly ad"usted to avoid damage to the aggregate and to avoid soot on the aggregate
7oisture content of the mi?ture from drum dryer plants shall not e?ceed three (B) percent of the output#
as determined by ))'H,4 , $$.
:0A6:6@ M'<'!/
,he dried aggregates and the bituminous material shall be measured or gauged and
introduced into the mi?er in the amount specified by the "ob mi? formula
)fter the required amounts of aggregate and bituminous material have been introduced into
the mi?er# the material shall be mi?ed until a complete and uniform coating of the particles and a
thorough distribution of the bituminous material throughout the aggregate is secured
:0A6:6A S$#%"'!/ !" F'!'*0'!/
,he mi?ture shall be spread and struck off to the grade and elevation established
(ituminous pavers shall be used to distribute the mi?ture either over the entire width or over such partial
width as may be practicable
,he longitudinal "oint in one layer shall offset that in the layer immediately below
appro?imately $& cm (A inches)> however# the "oint in the top layer shall be at the center line of the
pavement if the roadway comprises two (-) lanes# or at lane lines if the roadway is more than two (-)
lanes# unless otherwise directed
4n areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacle makes the use of mechanical
spreading and finishing equipment impracticable# the mi?ture may be placed and finished by hand tools
,he mi?ture shall be placed at a temperature not less than $.E
.
C (--&
.
5) as measured in the
truck "ust prior to dumping into the spreader
When tar is used# the mi?ture shall be placed at between AA
.
C and $.E
.
C ($&.
.
5 and --&
.
5)
When production of the mi?ture can be maintained and when practical# pavers shall be used
in echelon to place the wearing course in ad"acent lanes
:0A6:6B C)5$&t')!
+mmediately after the mi?ture has been spread# struck off and surface irregularities ad"usted#
it shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted by rollers as specified under paragraph 6o / of
'ubsection B.EB-
,he surface shall be rolled when the mi?ture is in proper condition and when the rolling does
not cause under displacement# cracking and shoving 0olling shall begin at the sides and proceeds
longitudinally parallel toward the road centerline# each trip overlapping O the roller width# gradually
progressing to the crown of the road When paving in echelon or abutting a previously placed lane# the
longitudinal "oint should be rolled first followed by the regular rolling procedure 4n superelevated
curves# the rolling shall begin at the low side and progress to the high side overlapping of longitudinal
trips parallel to the center line
0ollers shall move at a slow but uniform speed with the drive roll or wheels nearest the
paver 0olling shall be continued until roller marks are eliminated and a minimum of %E mass percent of
the density of the laboratory compacted specimens prepared in accordance with ))'H,4 , $AA has
been obtained
)ny displacement occurring as a result of the reversing of the direction of a roller# or from
other causes# shall be corrected at once by the use of rakes and addition of fresh mi?ture when required
Care shall be e?ercised in rolling not to displace the line and grade of the edges of the bituminous
mi?ture
,o prevent adhesion of the mi?ture to the rollers# the wheels shall be kept properly moistened
with water or water mi?ed with very small quantities of detergent or other approved material 1?cess
liquid will not be permitted
)long forms# curbs# headers# walls and other places not accessible to the rollers# the mi?ture
shall be thoroughly compacted with hot hand tampers# smoothing irons or with mechanical tampers
:0A6:6C F)'!t*
Placing of the bituminous paving shall be continuous as possible 0ollers shall not pass over
the unprotected end of a freshly laid mi?ture unless authori!ed by the 1ngineer ,ransverse "oints shall
be formed by cutting back on the previous run to e?pose the full depth of the course When directed by
the 1ngineer# a brush coat of bituminous material shall be used on contact surfaces of transverse "oints
before additional mi?ture is placed against the previously rolled material
:0A6:680 A&&%$t!&%# S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/
,he contractor shall cut full depth samples as directed# from the finished pavement# for
testing 'amples shall be neatly cut by saw or core drill 1ach sample shall be at least $&. mm ? $&. mm
or $.. mm diameter full depth )t least one# but not more than three samples shall be taken for each full
dayDs operation +f no core samples were taken during the dayDs operation# core samples shall be taken
from the completed pavement for every $.. 3 7 per lane ,he contractor shall supply and furnish new
material to backfill boreholes left by the samples taken
6o acceptance and final payment shall be made on completed asphalt pavement unless core
test for thickness determination is conducted# e?cept for (arangay 0oads where the implementing office
is allowed to waive such test
,he samples obtained will be used to measure the thickness of the pavement ,he same
samples will be used to test the density of the compacted pavement by ))'H,4 , $AA
,he compacted pavement shall have a density equal to# or greater than %E mass percent of
the density of a laboratory specimen ,he asphalt pavement represented by the cores shall not be
accepted if the deficiency in density is more than -K
,he compacted pavement shall have a thickness tolerances of C& mm ,hickness in e?cess of
the specified thickness shall not be considered in the payment of asphalt pavement ,he asphalt
pavement represented by the individual core shall not be accepted if the deficiency in the core thickness
as obtained in accordance with )',7 D B&/% is more than & mm averaging of the density and thickness
of asphalt cores is not permitted
+f the deficiency in the core thickness is more than & mm# additional layer may be permitted in
order to meet the designed thickness# however# the minimum additional asphalt overlay thickness should
be dependent on the minimum thickness capacity of asphalt paver but it should not be less than &. mm
(- inches) and that proper construction procedures are followed
:0A6:688 S+#(&% T)-%#!&%*
,he surface will be checked by the use of a BCm straightCedge at sites selected by the
1ngineer ,he straightCedge will be applied at right angles# as well as# parallel to the centerline of the
roadbed
,he variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straightCedge between any two
contacts with the surface shall not e?ceed A mm
,ests will be made immediately after initial compaction and any variations detected shall be
corrected by removing or adding materials# as may be necessary 0olling shall then be continued as
specified )fter final rolling# the smoothness of the course shall be checked again and any area
defective in te?ture or composition shall be corrected# including removal and replacement of
unsatisfactory material at the ContractorDs e?pense as directed by the 1ngineer
:0A64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he area to be paid for under this item shall be the number of square meters (m
-
) of asphalt
pavement placed# compacted and accepted based on the thickness and densities of the cores taken in
accordance with subsection B.EB$. ()cceptance# 'ampling and ,esting)
:0A6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.E/ will be paid for as provided
in the respective items for the specified type of bituminous plant mi?
ITEM :0B 7 COLD ASPHALT PLANTD MI=
:0B68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of constructing (ituminous 'urface Course ()sphalt Cold 7i?)
prepared in central mi?ing plant# laid cold# on the prepared base in accordance with this 'pecification
and in conformity with the lines# grades and typical crossCsection shown on the Plans
:0B62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0B6268 C)5$)*'t')! !" Q+-'t2 )( A*$0-t C)-" M'< (F),DM'< F)#5+-)
,he asphalt cold mi? shall be composed of coarse mineral aggregates# fine mineral
aggregates# mineral fillers and chemically bonding bitumen
)t least three weeks prior to production# the Contractor shall submit in writing a "obCmi?
formula for each mi?ture supported by laboratory test data along with samples and sources of the
components and viscosityCtemperature relationships information to the 1ngineer for testing and
approval
1ach "obCmi? formula submitted shall propose definite single value for<
$ ,he percentage of coarse mineral aggregates passing each specified sieve si!e
- ,he percentage of fine mineral aggregates passing each specified sieve si!e
B ,he percentage of chemically bonding bitumen material to be added
/ ,he temperature of the mi?ture delivered on the prepared base of the road
& ,he kind and percentage of chemical additive to be used
A ,he kind and percentage of mineral filler to be incorporated
'tability 0equirements<
,he mi?ture shall conform to the following<
,est Property 7inimum 7a?imum
'tability 6 (lb) at ---
.
C (E-
.
5) ---/ (&..) or $EE psi C
Percent 'tability 3oss
)fter *acuum 'aturation and
+mmersion
C &.
)ggregate Coating (Percent) &. C
:0B6262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
+t shall be either 3iquid CutCback )sphalt or 1mulsified )sphalt# whichever is called for in the
(ill of Fuantities ,he type and grade of asphalt material will be specified by the 1ngineer and shall
comply to the requirements of ))'H,4 'pecification 7J-# 7$/. or 7-.J ()',7 Designation D -B%E)
:0B626: C)#*% A//#%/t%*
Coarse )ggregates shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.B or ))'H,4
'pecification 7 E%
:0B6264 F'!% A//#%/t%*
5ine )ggregates shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.B# ))'H,4
'pecification 7 -% or )',7 D $.EB
:0B626? M'!%#- F'--%#*
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.B)# 7ineral 5iller or )',7 Designation D -/-
:0B626@ P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he proportioning of (ituminous 7aterial on the basis of total dry aggregate shall be from /&
to E. mass percent when cut back asphalt is used and from A. to $.. mass percent when emulsified
asphalt is used ,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer in accordance with the
"obCmi? formula and the other quality control requirements
:0B6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0B6:68 W%t0%# L'5'tt')!*
Cold )sphalt Plant 7i? shall be placed only when the specified density can be obtained ,he
mi?ture shall not be placed on any wet surface or when weather condition will prevent its proper handling
or finishing )sphalt surface mi?ture shall not be placed when the surface temperature of the base course
is below $.
.
C (&.
.
5)
:0B6:62 P#%$#'!/ A#% T) B% P;%"
$ ,he area to be paved shall be substantially true to line and grade +t shall have a firm and
properly prepared surface before paving operations begin )ll loose and foreign material shall
be removed
- When the compacted subgrade on which the asphalt base is to be placed loosely bonded# it
shall be primed with .& to $/. litre@m
-
or .$ to .B gal@yd
-
of the type and grade of asphalt
priming material ,he asphalt should be entirely absorbed by the base course and the prime
should be fully set and cured before placing the surface
B Holes and depressions in e?isting surfaces shall be repaired by removing all loose and
defective material to sound pavement and replacing with an approved asphaltCaggregate
patching material ,he patching mi?ture shall be compacted to produce a tight surface
conforming to the ad"acent pavement area
/ 1?cess asphalt in patches and "oints shall be removed only through methods approved by the
engineer
& +mmediately prior to application of the asphalt tack coat all loose and foreign material shall be
removed by sweeping or by blowing# or both
A 'urfaces of curbs# gutters# vertical faces of e?isting pavements# and all structures to be in
actual contact with the asphaltCaggregate mi?ture shall be given a thin# even coating of
asphalt material# type and grade Care shall be taken to prevent spattering of the asphalt on
surfaces that will not be in contact with the asphaltCaggregate mi?ture
:0B6:6: P#%$#'!/ T0% M'<t+#%
$ ,he asphalt shall be warmed# if necessary# at the paving plant to a temperature at which it can
be applied uniformly to the aggregate
- When it is necessary to blend aggregates from one or more sources to produce the combined
gradation# each source or si!e of aggregate shall stockpiled individually )ggregate from the
individual stockpiles shall fed through separate bins to cold elevator feeders ,hey shall not be
blended in the stockpile
B Cold aggregates shall be fed carefully to the plant so that surpluses and shortages will not
occur and cause breaks in the continuous operation
/ 7i?ing time shall be the shortest time that will produce a satisfactory mi?ture
:0B6:64 P-&'!/ T0% M'<
,he base course mi?ture shall be placed in one or more lifts with an asphalt paver or
spreader to provide a nominal compacted thickness of the base course ,he surface course mi?ture shall
be placed with an asphalt paver to provide a nominal compacted thickness of the surface course ,he
minimum lift thickness shall be at least two times the ma?imum particle si!e ,he ma?imum lift thickness
shall be that which can be demonstrated to be laid in a single lift and compacted to a required uniform
density and smoothness Placing the mi?ture shall be a continuous operation +f any irregularities occur#
they shall be corrected before final compaction of the mi?ture
:0B6:6? C)5$&t'!/ T0% M'<t+#%
,he mi? shall be compacted immediately after placing +nitial rolling with a steelCwheeled
tandem or three wheeled roller# vibratory roller# or a pneumaticCtired roller shall follow the paver as
closely as possible +f needed# intermediate rolling with a pneumaticCtired roller shall be done immediately
behind the initial rolling )n application of choke aggregate may be necessary to prevent mi? pickCup by
the pneumaticCtired roller 5inal rolling shall eliminate marks from previous rolling +n areas too small for
the roller a vibrating plate compactor or a handCtamper shall be used to achieve thorough compaction
:0B6:6@ S(%t2
'afety precautions shall be used at all times during the progress of the work )s appropriate#
workmen shall be furnished with hard hats# safety shoes# respirators# and any other safety apparel that
will reduce the possibility of in"ury from accidents )ll 4ccupational 'afety and Health )ct requirements
shall be observed
:0B6:6A A&&%$t!&% R%9+'#%5%!t
Divide asphalt mi?ture production into lots# each lot equal to the mi? produced during one
day Determine the target density for each lot by measuring the average density of si? laboratory
prepared specimens representing two randomly chosen subsamples from trucks delivering mi?ture to the
"obsite ,he target density should be reported as dry density
Determine the compacted density in the field from five randomly located positions in each
lot of the compacted mi?ture ,he density of freshly compacted material can be determined using a
properly calibrated nuclear density device or other procedure Density determinations made after a
period of curing may be determined on samples obtained from compacted material by a suitable core
drilling technique )ll compacted densities should be converted to dry densities +t is recommended that
the average of five field density determinations made in each lot be equal to or greater than %E percent of
the average density of the si? laboratory prepared specimens# and that no individual determination be
lower than %& percent
,he compacted base and surface shall have an average thickness no less than those
specified on the plans )ny deficiency in thickness shall be made up with surface mi?ture when the
surface course is placed
,he surface of the completed pavement will be checked longitudinally and transversely for
smoothness with a B m (Q. ft) straightedge ,he surface shall not vary more than & mm (.- in) in a B m
($. ft) parallel to the centerline and not more than J mm (.B in) in B m ($. ft) at right angles to the
centerline
:0B64 C)!*t#+&t')! E9+'$5%!t
:0B6468 E9+'$5%!t
,he equipment shall include<
$ )sphalt mi?ing plants designed to produce a uniform mi? within the "obCmi? tolerances
- 'elfCpowered pavers that are capable of spreading the mi? to the thickness and width
specified# true to the line# grade and crown shown on the Plans
B 1nough smooth metalCbedded haul trucks# with covers when required ensure orderly and
continuous paving operations
/ ) pressure distributor that is capable of applying tack coat and prime material uniformly
without atomi!ation
& 'teelCwheeled# pneumaticCtired# or vibratory rollers capacity of attaining the required density
and smoothness
A ) power broom or a power blower or both
E Hand tools necessary to complete the "ob
4ther equipment can be used in addition to the specified equipment when approved by the
1ngineer
:0B6? S5$-'!/
'ampling of asphalt materials shall be in accordance with the latest revision of ))'H,4
Designation ,/. ()',7 Designation D$/.) 'ampling of mineral aggregate shall be in accordance with
the latest revision of ))'H,4 designation ()',7 Designation D E&) 'ampling of the asphalt mi?ture# as
required by the 1ngineer# shall be in accordance with the latest revision of ))'H,4 Designation $AJ
()',7 Designation D %E%)
:0B6@ T%*t'!/
7ethods of ,esting shall be in accordance with the applicable ))'H,4 or )',7 7ethods
:0B6A M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he bituminous mi?ture will be measured by square meter (m
-
) ,he quantity to be paid for
shall be the number of square meters of the mi?ture placed and compacted in the accepted pavement
6o deduction will be made for the weight of bituminous material in the mi?ture
(atch weights will not be permitted as a method of measurement
:0B6B B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.JJ# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous PlantC7i? 'urface Course# ColdC3aid# which price and payment shall be
full compensation for furnishing all materials# handling# placing# rolling# compacting# labor# equipment#
tools and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay item 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.J (ituminous PlantC7i? 'quare 7eter
'urface Course#
ColdC3aid
ITEM :0C 7 BITUMINOUS PLANTDMI= (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE
MI=TURE)
:0C68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of a bituminous stockpile maintenance mi?ture composed of aggregate#
mineral filler# hydrated lime and bituminous material mi?ed in a central plant ,he mi?ture is stockpiled
for immediate or future maintenance needs
:0C62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0C6268 C)5$)*'t')! !" Q+-'t2 )( B't+5'!)+* M'<t+#%
'ame as 'ubsection B.E-$
:0C6262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
,he type and grade of bituminous material shall be in accordance with the following
guidelines<
7C C -&. 5or use within short time after stockpiling
7C C J.. 5or immediate use under hot or moderate weather conditions# or
for use within a short time after stockpiling
C7'C-@-' C 7i? can be designed for use within a short time after stockpiling or
for long storage period
RC7' C Cationic emulsified )sphalt
:0C626: A//#%/t%
+t shall be crushed stone# crushed or natural gravel# slag# sand# stone or slag screenings#
mineral dust# or a combination of these materials ,he several aggregate fractions shall be combined in
such proportions that the gradation of the composite aggregate shall conform to the grading
requirements of ,able B.%$
,he combined aggregate after going through the drier# shall have a sand equivalent value of
not less than /.
,he coarse aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding /. when tested by
))'H,4 , %A
'lag# if used# shall weigh not less than $$-. kg@m
B
(E. lb@cu ft)
T,-% :0C68 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
$%. N in $..
$-& O in J. = $..
%& B@J in E. = %.
/E& 6o / &. = E.
-BA 6o J B& = &.
.A. 6o B. $J = B.
.B. 6o &. $& = -&
.$& 6o $.. J = $&
..E& 6o -.. / C $.
:0C6264 M'!%#- F'--%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem B.E# (ituminous Plant 7i? 'urface Course =
9eneral
:0C626? H2"#t%" L'5%
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem B.E# (ituminous Plant 7i? 'urface Course =
9eneral
:0C626@ P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%
,he amount of bituminous material to be added will be from / to $. mass percent of total mi?
,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer in accordance with the "obCmi? formula
and other quality control requirements 2pper limit may be raised when using absorptive aggregate
During the mi?ing operation# oneChalf to one (.& to $.) mass percent of hydrated lime# dry
aggregate basis# shall be added to the mi?ture ,he lower percentage limit is applicable to aggregates
which are predominantly calcareous
:0C6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:0C6:68 P#%$#t')! )( M'<t+#%
,he aggregate# mineral filler# and hydrated lime shall be fed into the plant in the proportions
required to provide a composite aggregate meeting the grading requirements ,he aggregate shall be
free from visible moisture at the time of mi?ing ,he bituminous material shall be applied at the rate and
temperature specified by the 1ngineer 7i?ing shall be thorough and shall continue until all aggregate
particles are well coated
:0C6:62 St)&.$'-'!/
,he finished mi?ture shall be stockpiled on a platform level storage space
:0C64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he area to be paid for under this item shall be the number of square meters (m
-
) of asphalt
pavement placed# compacted and accepted based on the thickness and density of the cores taken in
accordance with subsection B.EB$. ()cceptance# 'ampling and ,esting).
:0C6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B.%/# will be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous PlantC7i? ('tockpile 7aintenance 7i?ture) which price and payment
shall be full compensation for furnishing and stockpiling the material including incidentals necessary to
complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B.% (ituminous PlantC7i?
('tockpile 7aintenance 7i?ture) 'quare 7eter
ITEM :80 7 BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE3 HOTDLAID
:8068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of constructing a bituminous concrete surface course composed of
aggregates# mineral filler# and bituminous material mi?ed in a central plant# constructed and laid hot on
the prepared base in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with lines# grades# thickness
and typical crossCsection shown on the Plans
:8062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:806268 C)5$)*'t')! !" Q+-'t2 )( B't+5'!)+* M'<t+#% (F),DM'< F)#5+-)
'ame as 'ubsection B.E-$
:806262 B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-
+t shall be either 7edium Curing (7C) CutCback )sphalt or )sphalt Cement# whichever is
called for in the (ill of Fuantities +t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.-# (ituminous 7aterials
,he penetration grade# type and grade of bituminous material shall be specified in the 'pecial
Provisions
:80626: A//#%/t%*
)ggregates shall conform to the requirements of +tem B.E# (ituminous Plant 7i? 'urface
CourseC9eneral
:806264 M'!%#- F'--%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem B.E# (ituminous Plant 7i? 'urface CourseC
9eneral
:80626? H2"#t%" L'5%
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem B.E# (ituminous PlantC7i? 'urface CourseC
9eneral
:80626@ P#)$)#t')!'!/ )( M'<t+#%*
,he proportion of bituminous material on the basis of total dry aggregate shall be from &. to
J. mass percent ,he e?act percentage to be used shall be fi?ed by the 1ngineer in accordance with
the "obCmi? formula and the other quality control requirements
During the mi?ing operation# oneChalf to one (.& to $.) mass percent of hydrated lime# dry
aggregate basis# shall be added to the mi?ture ,he lower percentage limit is applicable to aggregates
which are predominantly calcareous
:806: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he construction requirements shall be in accordance whenever applicable# with 'ection
B.EB
:8064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he area to be paid for under this item shall be the number of square meters (m
-
) of asphalt
pavement placed# compacted and accepted based on the thickness and density of the cores taken in
accordance with subsection B.EB$. ()cceptance# 'ampling and ,esting)
:806? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B$./# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for (ituminous Concrete 'urface Course# HotC3aid# which price and payment shall be
full compensation for furnishing all materials# handling# mi?ing# hauling# placing# rolling# compacting#
labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B$. (ituminous Concrete
'urface Course#
HotC3aid 'quare 7eter
ITEM :88 7 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
:8868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete# with or without
reinforcement# constructed on the prepared base in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity
with lines# grades# thickness and typical crossCsection shown on the Plans
:8862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
:886268 P)#t-!" C%5%!t
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E..# Hydraulic Cement 4nly ,ype +
Portland Cement shall be used unless otherwise provided for in the 'pecial Provisions Different brands
or the same brands from different mills shall not be mi?ed nor shall they be used alternately unless the
mi? is approved by the 1ngineer However# the use of Portland Po!!olan Cement ,ype +P meeting the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/.@)',7 C A%&# 'pecifications for (lended Hydraulic Cement shall be
allowed# provided that trial mi?es shall be done and that the mi?es meet the concrete strength
requirements# the ))'H,4@)',7 provisions pertinent to the use of Portland Po!!olan ,ype +P shall be
adopted
Cement which for any reason has become partially set or which contains lumps of caked
cement will be re"ected Cement salvaged from discarded or used bags shall not be used
'amples of Cement shall be obtained in accordance with ))'H,4 , $-E
:886262 F'!% A//#%/t%
+t shall consist of natural sand# stone screenings or other inert materials with similar
characteristics# or combinations thereof# having hard# strong and durable particles 5ine aggregate from
different sources of supply shall not be mi?ed or stored in the same pile nor used alternately in the same
class of concrete without the approval of the 1ngineer
+t shall not contain more than three (B) mass percent of material passing the ..E& mm (6o
-.. sieve) by washing nor more than one ($) mass percent each of clay lumps or shale ,he use of
beach sand will not be allowed without the approval of the 1ngineer
+f the fine aggregate is sub"ected to five (&) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test# the
weighted loss shall not e?ceed $. mass percent
,he fine aggregate shall be free from in"urious amounts of organic impurities +f sub"ected to
the colorimatic test for organic impurities and a color darker than the standard is produced# it shall be
re"ected However# when tested for the effect of organic impurities of strength of mortar by ))'H,4 ,
E$# the fine aggregate may be used if the relative strength at E and -J days is not less than %& mass
percent
,he fine aggregate shall be wellCgraded from course to fine and shall conform to ,able B$$$
T,-% :8868 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# F'!% A//#%/t%
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
%& mm (B@J in) $..
/E& mm (6o /) %& = $..
-BA mm (6o J) C
$$J mm (6o $A) /& = J.
.A.. mm (6o B.) C
.B.. mm (6o &.) & = B.
.$&. mm (6o $..) . = $.
:88626: C)#*% A//#%/t%
+t shall consist of crushed stone# gravel# blast furnace slag# or other approved inert materials of
similar characteristics# or combinations thereof# having hard# strong# durable pieces and free from any
adherent coatings
+t shall contain not more than one ($) mass percent of material passing the ..E& mm (6o
-..) sieve# not more than .-& mass percent of clay lumps# nor more than B& mass percent of soft
fragments
+f the coarse aggregate is sub"ected to five (&) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test#
the weighted loss shall not e?ceed $- mass percent
+t shall have a mass percent of wear not e?ceeding /. when tested by ))'H,4 , %A
+f the slag is used# its density shall not be less than $$-. kg@m
B
(E. lb@cu ft) ,he gradation
of the coarse aggregate shall conform to ,able B$$-
4nly one grading specification shall be used from any one source
T,-% :8862 7 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t ()# C)#*% A//#%/t%
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard
7m
)lternate 2 '
'tandard
9rading
)
9rading
(
9rading
C
E&.. B in $.. C C
AB.. -C$@- in %.C$.. $.. $..
&... - in C %.C$.. %&C$..
BE& $C$@- in -&CA. B&CE. C
-&. $ in C .C$& B&CE.
$%. N in .C$. C C
$-& O in .C& .C& $.CB.
/E& 6o / C C .C&
:886264 Wt%#
Water used in mi?ing# curing or other designated application shall be reasonably clean and
free of oil# salt# acid# alkali# grass or other substances in"urious to the finished product Water will be
tested in accordance with and shall meet the requirements of +tem E$/# Water Water which is drinkable
may be used without test Where the source of water is shallow# the intake shall be so enclosed as to
e?clude silt# mud# grass or other foreign materials
:88626? R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel Dowels and tie bars shall
conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 B$ or 7 /-# e?cept that rail steel shall not be used for tie bars
that are to be bent and restraightened during construction ,ie bars shall be deformed bars Dowels shall
be plain round bars (efore delivery to the site of work# oneChalf of the length of each dowel shall be
painted with one coat of approved lead or tar paint
,he sleeves for dowel bars shall be metal of approved design to cover &. mm ( - inches)#
plus or minus & mm ($@/ inch) of the dowel# with a closed end# and with a suitable stop to hold the end of
the sleeve at least -& mm ($ inch) from the end of the dowel 'leeves shall be of such design that they
do not collapse during construction
:88626@ F)'!t F'--%#*
Poured "oint fillers shall be mi?ed asphalt and mineral or rubber filler conforming to the
applicable requirements of +tem E.&# ;oint 7aterials
Preformed "oint filler shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E.& +t shall be
punched to admit the dowels where called for in the Plans ,he filler for each "oint shall be furnished in a
single piece for the full depth and width required for the "oint
:88626A A"5'<t+#%*
)irCentraining admi?ture shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&/
Chemical admi?tures# if specified or permitted# shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4
7 $%/
5ly )sh# if specified or permitted as a mineral admi?ture and as -.K partial replacement of
Portland Cement in concrete mi? shall conform to the requirements of )',7 C A$J
)dmi?ture should be added only to the concrete mi? to produce some desired modifications
to the properties of concrete where necessary# but not as partial replacement of cement
:88626B C+#'!/ Mt%#'-*
Curing materials shall conform to the following requirements as specified>
a) (urlap cloth C ))'H,4 7 $J-
b) 3iquid membrane forming compounds C ))'H,4 7 $/J
c) 'heeting (film) materials C ))'H,4 7 $E$
Cotton mats and waterCproof paper can be used
:88626C C-&'+5 C0-)#'"%EC-&'+5 N't#t%
+t shall conform to ))'H,4 7 $//# if specified or permitted by the 1ngineer# as accelerator
:8862680 St)#/% )( C%5%!t !" A//#%/t%
)ll cement shall be stored# immediately upon delivery at the 'ite# in weatherproof building
which will protect the cement from dampness ,he floor shall be raised from the ground ,he buildings
shall be placed in locations approved by the 1ngineer Provisions for storage shall be ample# and the
shipments of cement as received shall be separately stored in such a manner as to allow the earliest
deliveries to be used first and to provide easy access for identification and inspection of each shipment
'torage buildings shall have capacity for storage of a sufficient quantity of cement to allow sampling at
least twelve ($-) days before the cement is to be used (ulk cement# if used# shall be transferred to
elevated air tight and weatherproof bins 'tored cement shall meet the test requirements at any time
after storage when retest is ordered by the 1ngineer )t the time of use# all cement shall be freeCflowing
and free of lumps
,he handling and storing of concrete aggregates shall be such as to prevent segregation or
the inclusion of foreign materials ,he 1ngineer may require that aggregates be stored on separate
platforms at satisfactory locations
+n order to secure greater uniformity of concrete mi?# the 1ngineer may require that the
coarse aggregate be separated into two or more si!es Different si!es of aggregate shall be stored in
separate bins or in separate stockpiles sufficiently removed from each other to prevent the material at the
edges of the piles from becoming intermi?ed
:8862688 P#)$)#t')!'!/3 C)!*'*t%!&2 !" St#%!/t0 )( C)!&#%t%
,he Contractor shall prepare the design mi? based on the absolute volume method as
outlined in the )merican Concrete +nstitute ()C+) 'tandard -$$$# G0ecommended Practice for 'electing
Proportions for 6ormal and Heavyweight ConcreteH
+t is the intent of this 'pecification to require at least BA/ kg of cement per cubic meter of
concrete to meet the minimum strength requirements ,he 1ngineer shall determine from laboratory
tests of the materials to be used# the cement content and the proportions of aggregate and water that will
produce workable concrete having a slump of between /. and E& mm ($C$@- and B inches) if not vibrated
or between $. and /. mm ($@- and $C$@- inches) if vibrated# and a fle?ural strength of not less than BJ
7Pa (&&. psi) when tested by the thirdCpoint method or /& 7Pa (A&. psi) when tested by the midCpoint
method at fourteen ($/) days in accordance with ))'H,4 ,%E and ,$EE# respectively> or a compressive
strength of -/$ 7Pa (B&.. psi) for cores taken at fourteen ($/) days and tested in accordance with
))'H,4 ,-/
'lump shall be determined using ))'H,4 , $$%
,he designer shall consider the use of lean concrete (econocrete) mi?tures using local
materials or specifically modified conventional concrete mi?es in base course and in the lower course
composite# monolithic concrete pavements using a minimum of E& mm (B inches) of conventional
concrete as the surface course
,he mi? design shall be submitted to the 1ngineer for approval and shall be accompanied
with certified test data from an approved laboratory demonstrating the adequacy of the mi? design )
change in the source of materials during the progress of work may necessitate a new design mi?
:886: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
:886:68 Q+-'t2 C)!t#)- )( C)!&#%t%
$ 9eneral
,he Contractor shall be responsible for the quality control of all materials during
the handling# blending# and mi?ing and placement operations
- Fuality Control Plan
,he Contractor shall furnish the 1ngineer a Fuality Control Plan detailing his
production control procedures and the type and frequency of sampling and testing to
insure that the concrete produces complies with the 'pecifications ,he 1ngineer
shall be provided free access to recent plant production records# and if requested#
informational copies of mi? design# materials certifications and sampling and testing
reports
B Fualification of Workmen
1?perienced and qualified personnel shall perform all batching or mi?ing
operation for the concrete mi?# and shall be present at the plant and "ob site to
control the concrete productions whenever the plant is in operation ,hey shall be
identified and duties defined as follows<
a Concrete (atcher ,he person performing the batching or mi?ing operation
shall be capable of accurately conducting aggregate surface moisture
determination and establishing correct scale weights for concrete materials
He shall be capable of assuring that the proportioned batch weights of
materials are in accordance with the mi? design
b Concrete ,echnician ,he person responsible for concrete production
control and sampling and testing for quality control shall be proficient in
concrete technology and shall have a sound knowledge of the
'pecifications as they relate to concrete production He shall be capable of
conducting tests on concrete and concrete materials in accordance with
these 'pecifications He shall be capable of ad"usting concrete mi?
designs for improving workability and 'pecification compliance and
preparing trial mi? designs He shall be qualified to act as the concrete
batcher in the batcherDs absence
/ Fuality Control ,esting
,he Contractor shall perform all sampling# testing and inspection necessary to
assure quality control of the component materials and the concrete
,he Contractor shall be responsible for determining the gradation of fine and
coarse aggregates and for testing the concrete mi?ture for slump# air content# waterC
cement ratio and temperature He shall conduct his operations so as to produce a
mi? conforming to the approved mi? design
& Documentation
,he Contractor shall maintain adequate records of all inspections and tests ,he
records shall indicate the nature and number of observations made# the number and
type of deficiencies found# the quantities approved and re"ected# and nature of any
corrective action taken
,he 1ngineer may take independent assurance samples at random location
for acceptance purposes as he deems necessary
:886:62 E9+'$5%!t
1quipment and tools necessary for handling materials and performing all parts of the work
shall be approved by the 1ngineer as to design# capacity and mechanical condition ,he equipment
shall be at the "obsite sufficiently ahead of the start of construction operations to be e?amined thoroughly
and approved
$ (atching Plant and 1quipment
a 9eneral ,he batching shall include bins# weighing hoppers# and scales for
the fine aggregate and for each si!e of coarse aggregate +f cement is
used in bulk# a bin# a hopper# and separate scale for cement shall be
included ,he weighing hopper shall be properly sealed and vented to
preclude dusting operation ,he batch plant shall be equipped with a
suitable nonCresettable batch counter which will correctly indicate the
number of batches proportioned
b (ins and Hoppers (ins with adequate separate compartments for fine
aggregate and for each si!e of coarse aggregate shall be provided in the
batching plant
c 'cales 'cales for weighing aggregates and cement shall be of either the
beam type or the springlessCdial type ,hey shall be accurate within oneC
half percent (.&K) throughout the range of use Poises shall be designed
to be locked in any position and to prevent unauthori!ed change
'cales shall be inspected and sealed as often as the 1ngineer may deem
necessary to assure their continued accuracy
d )utomatic Weighing Devices 2nless otherwise allowed on the Contract#
batching plants shall be equipped with automatic weighing devices of an
approved type to proportion aggregates and bulk cement
- 7i?ers
a 9eneral Concrete may be mi?ed at the 'ite of construction or at a central
plant# or wholly or in part in truck mi?ers 1ach mi?er shall have a
manufacturerDs plate attached in a prominent place showing the capacity of
the drum in terms of volume of mi?ed concrete and the speed of rotation of
the mi?ing drum or blades
b 7i?ers at 'ite of Construction 7i?ing shall be done in an approved mi?er
capable of combining the aggregates# cement and water into a thoroughly
mi?ed and uniform mass within the specified mi?ing period and discharging
and distributing the mi?ture without segregation on the prepared grade
,he mi?er shall be equipped with an approved timing device which will
automatically lock the discharge lever when the drum has been charged
and released it at the end of the mi?ing period +n case of failure of the
timing device# the mi?er may be used for the balance of the day while it is
being repaired# provided that each batch is mi?ed %. seconds ,he mi?er
shall be equipped with a suitable nonresettable batch counter which shall
correctly indicate the number of the batches mi?ed
c ,ruck 7i?er and ,ruck )gitators ,ruck mi?ers used for mi?ing and hauling
concrete# and truck agitators used for hauling centralCmi?ed concrete# shall
conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&E
d 6onC)gitator ,ruck (odies of nonCagitating hauling equipment for
concrete shall be smooth# mortarCtight metal containers and shall be
capable of discharging the concrete at a satisfactory controlled rate without
segregation
B Paving and 5inishing 1quipment
,he concrete shall be placed with an approved paver designed to spread#
consolidate# screed and float finish the freshly placed concrete in one complete pass
of the machine in such a manner that a minimum of hand finishing will be necessary
to provide a dense and homogeneous pavement in conformance with the Plans and
'pecifications
,he finishing machine shall be equipped with at least two (-) oscillating type
transverse screed
*ibrators shall operate at a frequency of J#B.. to %#A.. impulses per minute
under load at a ma?imum spacing of A. cm
/ Concrete 'aw
,he Contractor shall provide sawing equipment in adequate number of units and
power to complete the sawing with a waterCcooled diamond edge saw blade or an
abrasive wheel to the required dimensions and at the required rate He shall
provide at least one ($) standCby saw in good working condition and with an ample
supply of saw blades
& 5orms
5orms shall be of steel# of an approved section# and of depth equal to the
thickness of the pavement at the edge ,he base of the forms shall be of sufficient
width to provide necessary stability in all directions ,he flange braces must e?tend
outward on the base to not less than -@B the height of the form
)ll forms shall be rigidly supported on bed of thoroughly compacted material
during the entire operation of placing and finishing the concrete 5orms shall be
provided with adequate devices for secure setting so that when in place# they will
withstand# without visible spring or settlement# the impact and vibration of the
consolidation and finishing or paving equipment
:886:6: P#%$#t')! )( G#"%
)fter the subgrade of base has been placed and compacted to the required density# the areas
which will support the paving machine and the grade on which the pavement is to be constructed shall be
trimmed to the proper elevation by means of a properly designed machine e?tending the prepared work
areas compacted at least A. cm beyond each edge of the proposed concrete pavement +f loss of
density results from the trimming operations# it shall be restored by additional compaction before
concrete is placed +f any traffic is allowed to use the prepared subgrade or base# the surface shall be
checked and corrected immediately ahead of the placing concrete
,he subgrade or base shall be uniformly moist when the concrete is placed
:886:64 S%tt'!/ F)#5*
$ (ase 'upport
,he foundation under the forms shall be hard and true to grade so that the form
when set will be firmly in contact for its whole length and at the specified grade
()ny roadbed# which at the form line is found below established grade# shall be filled
with approved granular materials to grade in lifts of three (B) cm or less# and
thoroughly rerolled or tamped) +mperfections or variations above grade shall be
corrected by tamping or by cutting as necessary
- 5orm 'etting
5orms shall be set sufficiently in advance of the point where concrete is being
placed )fter the forms have been set to correct grade# the grade shall be
thoroughly tamped# mechanically or by hand# at both the inside and outside edges of
the base of the forms ,he forms shall not deviate from true line bv more than one
($) cm at any point
B 9rade and )lignment
,he alignment and grade elevations of the forms shall be checked and
corrections made by the Contractor immediately before placing the concrete
,esting as to crown and elevation# prior to placing of concrete can be made by
means of holding an approved template in a vertical position and moved backward
and forward on the forms
When any form has been disturbed or any grade has become unstable# the form
shall be reset and rechecked
:886:6? C)!"'t')!'!/ )( S+,/#"% )# B*% C)+#*%
When side forms have been securely set to grade# the subgrade or base course shall be
brought to proper crossCsection High areas shall be trimmed to proper elevation 3ow areas shall be
filled and compacted to a condition similar to that of surrounding grade ,he finished grade shall be
maintained in a smooth and compacted condition until the pavement is placed
2nless waterproof subgrade or base course cover material is specified# the subgrade or base
course shall be uniformly moist when the concrete is placed +f it subsequently becomes too dry# the
subgrade or base course shall be sprinkled# but the method of sprinkling shall not be such as to form
mud or pools of water
:886:6@ H!"-'!/3 M%*+#'!/ !" Bt&0'!/ Mt%#'-*
,he batch plant site# layout# equipment and provisions for transporting material shall be such
as to assure a continuous supply of material to the work
'tockpiles shall be built up in layers of not more than one ($) meter in thickness 1ach layer shall be
completely in place before beginning the ne?t which shall not be allowed to GconeH down over the ne?t
lower layer )ggregates from different sources and of different grading shall not be stockpiled together
)ll washed aggregates and aggregates produced or handled by hydraulic methods# shall be
stockpiled or binned for draining at least twelve ($-) hours before being batched
When mi?ing is done at the side of the work# aggregates shall be transported from the
batching plant to the mi?er in batch bo?es# vehicle bodies# or other containers of adequate capacity and
construction to properly carry the volume required Partitions separating batches shall be adequate and
effective to prevent spilling from one compartment to another while in transit or being dumped When
bulk cement is used# the Contractor shall use a suitable method of handling the cement from weighing
hopper to transporting container or into the batch itself for transportation to the mi?er# with chute# boot or
other approved device# to prevent loss of cement# and to provide positive assurance of the actual
presence in each batch of the entire cement content specified
(ulk cement shall be transported to the mi?er in tight compartments carrying the full amount
of cement required for the batch However# if allowed in the 'pecial Provisions# it may be transported
between the fine and coarse aggregate When cement is placed in contact with the aggregates# batches
may be re"ected unless mi?ed within $C$@- hours of such contact Cement in original shipping packages
may be transported on top of the aggregates# each batch containing the number of sacks required by the
"ob mi?
,he mi?er shall be charged without loss of cement (atching shall be so conducted as to
result in the weight to each material required within a tolerance of one ($) percent for the cement and two
(-) percent for aggregates
Water may be measured either by volume or by weight ,he accuracy of measuring the
water shall be within a range of error of not over than one ($) percent 2nless the water is to be
weighed# the waterCmeasuring equipment shall include an au?iliary tank from which the measuring tank
shall be equipped with an outside tap and valve to provide checking the setting# unless other means are
provided for readily and accurately determining the amount of water in the tank ,he volume of the
au?iliary tank shall be at least equal to that of the measuring tank
:886:6A M'<'!/ C)!&#%t%
,he concrete may be mi?ed at the site of the work in a centralCmi? plant# or in truck mi?ers
,he mi?er shall be of an approved type and capacity 7i?ing time will be measured from the time all
materials# e?cept water# are in the drum 0eadyCmi?ed concrete shall be mi?ed and delivered in
accordance with requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&E# e?cept that the minimum required revolutions at the
mi?ing speed for transitCmi?ed concrete may be reduced to not less than that recommended by the mi?er
manufacturer ,he number of revolutions recommended by the mi?er manufacturer shall be indicated on
the manufacturerDs serial plate attached to the mi?er ,he Contractor shall furnish test data acceptable
to the 1ngineer verifying that the make and model of the mi?er will produce uniform concrete conforming
to the provision of ))'H,4 7 $&E at the reduced number of revolutions shown on the serial plate
When mi?ed at the site or in a central mi?ing plant# the mi?ing time shall not be less than fifty
(&.) seconds nor more than ninety (%.) seconds# unless mi?er performance tests prove adequate mi?ing
of the concrete is a shorter time period
5our (/) seconds shall be added to the specified mi?ing time if timing starts at the instant the
skip reaches its ma?imum raised positions 7i?ing time ends when the discharge chute opens
,ransfer time in multiple drum mi?ers is included in mi?ing time ,he contents of an individual mi?er
drum shall be removed before a succeeding batch is emptied therein
,he mi?er shall be operated at the drum speed as shown on the manufacturerDs name plate
attached on the mi?er )ny concrete mi?ed less than the specified time shall be discarded and
disposed off by the Contractor at his e?pense ,he volume of concrete mi?ed per batch shall not e?ceed
the mi?erDs nominal capacity in cubic metre# as shown on the manufacturerDs standard rating plate on the
mi?er# e?cept that an overload up to ten ($.) percent above the mi?erDs nominal capacity may be
permitted provided concrete test data for strength# segregation# and uniform consistency are satisfactory#
and provided no spillage of concrete takes place
,he batches shall be so charged into the drum that a portion of the mi?ing water shall be
entered in advance of the cement and aggregates ,he flow of water shall be uniform and all water shall
be in the drum by the end of the first fifteen ($&) seconds of the mi?ing period ,he throat of the drum
shall be kept free of such accumulations as may restrict the free flow of materials into the drum
7i?ed concrete from the central mi?ing plant shall be transported in truck mi?ers# truck
agitators or nonCagitating truck specified in 'ubsection B$$B-# 1quipment ,he time elapsed from the
time water is added to the mi? until the concrete is deposited in place at the 'ite shall not e?ceed forty
five (/&) minutes when the concrete is hauled in nonCagitating trucks# nor ninety (%.) minutes when
hauled in truck mi?ers or truck agitators# e?cept that in hot weather or under other conditions contributing
to quick hardening of the concrete# the ma?imum allowable time may be reduced by the 1ngineer
+n e?ceptional cases and when volumetric measurements are authori!ed for small pro"ect
requiring less than E& cum of concrete per day of pouring# the weight proportions shall be converted to
equivalent volumetric proportions +n such cases# suitable allowance shall be made for variations in the
moisture condition of the aggregates# including the bulking effect in the fine aggregate (atching and
mi?ing shall be in accordance with )',7 C AJ&# 'ection A through %
Concrete mi?ing by chute is allowed provided that a weighing scales for determining the
batch weight will be used
0etempering concrete by adding water or by other means shall not be permitted# e?cept that
when concrete is delivered in truck mi?ers# additional water may be added to the batch materials and
additional mi?ing performed to increase the slump to meet the specified requirements# if permitted by the
1ngineer# provided all these operations are performed within fortyCfive (/&) minutes after the initial mi?ing
operation and the waterCcement ratio is not e?ceeded Concrete that is not within the specified slump
limits at the time of placement shall not be used )dmi?tures for increasing the workability or for
accelerating the setting of the concrete will be permitted only when specifically approved by the
1ngineer
:886:6B L'5'tt')! )( M'<'!/
6o concrete shall be mi?ed# placed or finished when natural light is insufficient# unless an
adequate and approved artificial lighting system is operated
During hot weather# the 1ngineer shall require that steps be taken to prevent the temperature
of mi?ed concrete from e?ceeding a ma?imum temperature of %.
.
5 ( B-
.
C)
Concrete not in place within ninety (%.) minutes from the time the ingredients were charged
into the mi?ing drum or that has developed initial set shall not be used 0etempering of concrete or
mortar which has partially hardened# that is remi?ing with or without additional cement# aggregate# or
water# shall not be permitted
+n order that the concrete may be properly protected against the effects of rain before the
concrete is sufficiently hardened# the Contractor will be required to have available at all times materials
for the protection of the edges and surface of the unhardened concrete
:886:6C P-&'!/ C)!&#%t%
Concrete shall be deposited in such a manner to require minimal rehandling 2nless truck
mi?ers or nonCagitating hauling equipment are equipped with means to discharge concrete without
segregation of the materials# the concrete shall be unloaded into an approved spreading device and
mechanically spread on the grade in such a manner as to prevent segregation Placing shall be
continuous between transverse "oints without the use of intermediate bulkheads 6ecessary hand
spreading shall be done with shovels# not rakes Workmen shall not be allowed to walk in the freshly
mi?ed concrete with boots or shoes coated with earth or foreign substances
When concrete is to be placed ad"oining a previously constructed lane and mechanical
equipment will be operated upon the e?isting lane# that previously constructed lane shall have attained
the strength for fourteen ($/) day concrete +f only finishing equipment is carried on the e?isting lane#
paving in ad"oining lanes may be permitted after three (B) days
Concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated against and along the faces of all forms and along
the full length and on both sides of all "oint assemblies# by means of vibrators inserted in the concrete
*ibrators shall not be permitted to come in contact with a "oint assembly# the grade# or a side form +n no
case shall the vibrator be operated longer than fifteen ($&) seconds in any one location
Concrete shall be deposited as near as possible to the e?pansion and contraction "oints
without disturbing them# but shall not be dumped from the discharge bucket or hopper into a "oint
assembly unless the hopper is well centered on the "oint assembly 'hould any concrete material fall on
or be worked into the surface of a complete slab# it shall be removed immediately
:886:680 T%*t S$%&'5%!*
)s work progresses# at least one ($) set consisting of three (B) concrete beam test
specimens# $&. mm ? $&. mm ? &-& mm or %.. mm shall be taken from each BB. m
-
of pavement#
-B. mm depth# or fraction thereof placed each day ,est specimens shall be made under the supervision
of the 1ngineer# and the Contractor shall provide all concrete and other facilities necessary in making the
test specimens and shall protect them from damage by construction operations Cylinder samples shall
not be used as substitute for determining the adequacy of the strength of concrete
,he beams shall be made# cured# and tested in accordance with ))'H,4 , -B and , %E
:886:688 St#'.%D)(( )( C)!&#%t% !" P-&%5%!t )( R%'!()#&%5%!t
5ollowing the placing of the concrete# it shall be struck off to conform to the crossCsection
shown on the Plans and to an elevation such that when the concrete is properly consolidated and
finished# the surface of the pavement will be at the elevation shown on the Plans When reinforced
concrete pavement is placed in two (-) layers# the bottom layer shall be struck off and consolidated to
such length and depth that the sheet of fabric or bar mat may be laid full length on the concrete in its final
position without further manipulation ,he reinforcement shall then be placed directly upon the concrete#
after which the top layer of the concrete shall be placed# struck off and screeded )ny portion of the
bottom layer of concrete which has been placed more then B. minutes without being covered with the
top layer shall be removed and replaced with freshly mi?ed concrete at the ContractorDs e?pense When
reinforced concrete is placed in one layer# the reinforcement may be firmly positioned in advance of
concrete placement or it may be placed at the depth shown on the Plans in plastic concrete# after
spreading by mechanical or vibratory means
0einforcing steel shall be free from dirt# oil# paint# grease# mill scale and loose or thick rust
which could impair bond of the steel with the concrete
:886:682 F)'!t*
;oints shall be constructed of the type and dimensions# and at the locations required by the
Plans or 'pecial Provisions )ll "oints shall be protected from the intrusion of in"urious foreign material
until sealed
$ 3ongitudinal ;oint
Deformed steel tie bars of specified length# si!e# spacing and materials shall be
placed perpendicular to the longitudinal "oints# they shall be placed by approved
mechanical equipment or rigidly secured by chair or other approved supports to
prevent displacement ,ie bars shall not be painted or coated with asphalt or other
materials or enclosed in tubes or sleeves When shown on the Plans and when
ad"acent lanes of pavement are constructed separately# steel side forms shall be
used which will form a keyway along the construction "oint ,ie bars# e?cept those
made of rail steel# may be bent at right angles against the form of the first lane
constructed and straightened into final position before the concrete of the ad"acent
lane is placed# or in lieu of bent tie bars# approved twoCpiece connectors may be
used
3ongitudinal formed "oints shall consist of a groove or cleft# e?tending downward
from and normal to# the surface of the pavement ,hese "oints shall be effected or
formed by an approved mechanically or manually operated device to the dimensions
and line indicated on the Plans and while the concrete is in a plastic state ,he
groove or cleft shall be filled with either a premolded strip or poured material as
required
,he longitudinal "oints shall be continuous# there shall be no gaps in either
transverse or longitudinal "oints at the intersection of the "oints
3ongitudinal sawed "oints shall be cut by means of approved concrete saws to
the depth# width and line shown on the Plans 'uitable guide lines or devices shall
be used to assure cutting the longitudinal "oint on the true line ,he longitudinal "oint
shall be sawed before the end of the curing period or shortly thereafter and before
any equipment or vehicles are allowed on the pavement ,he sawed area shall be
thoroughly cleaned and# if required# the "oint shall immediately be filled with sealer
3ongitudinal pavement insert type "oints shall be formed by placing a continuous
strip of plastic materials which will not react adversely with the chemical constituent
of the concrete
- ,ransverse 1?pansion ;oint
,he e?pansion "oint filler shall be continuous from form to form# shaped to
subgrade and to the keyway along the form Preformed "oint filler shall be furnished
in lengths equal to the pavement width or equal to the width of one lane Damaged
or repaired "oint filler shall not be used
,he e?pansion "oint filler shall be held in a vertical position )n approved
installing bar# or other device# shall be used if required to secure preformed
e?pansion "oint filler at the proper grade and alignment during placing and finishing
of the concrete 5inished "oint shall not deviate more than A mm from a straight line
+f "oint fillers are assembled in sections# there shall be no offsets between ad"acent
units 6o plugs of concrete shall be permitted anywhere within the e?pansion
space
B ,ransverse Contraction ;oint@Weakened ;oint
When shown on the Plans# it shall consist of planes of weakness created by
forming or cutting grooves in the surface of the pavement and shall include load
transfer assemblies ,he depth of the weakened plane "oint should at all times not be
less than &. mm# while the width should not be more than A mm
a ,ransverse 'trip Contraction ;oint +t shall be formed by installing a parting
strip to be left in place as shown on the Plans
b 5ormed 9roove +t shall be made by depressing an approved tool or
device into the plastic concrete ,he tool or device shall remain in place at
least until the concrete has attained its initial set and shall then be removed
without disturbing the ad"acent concrete# unless the device is designed to
remain in the "oint
c 'awed Contraction ;oint +t shall be created by sawing grooves in the
surface of the pavement of the width not more than A mm# depth should at
all times not be less than &. mm# and at the spacing and lines shown on the
Plans# with an approved concrete saw )fter each "oint is sawed# it shall be
thoroughly cleaned including the ad"acent concrete surface
'awing of the "oint shall commence as soon as the concrete has
hardened sufficiently to permit sawing without e?cessive ravelling# usually /
to -/ hours )ll "oints shall be sawed before uncontrolled shrinkage
cracking takes place +f necessary# the sawing operations shall be carried
on during the day or night# regardless of weather conditions ,he sawing of
any "oint shall be omitted if crack occurs at or near the "oint location prior to
the time of sawing 'awing shall be discounted when a crack develops
ahead of the saw +n general# all "oints should be sawed in sequence +f
e?treme condition e?ist which make it impractical to prevent erratic cracking
by early sawing# the contraction "oint groove shall be formed prior to initial
set of concrete as provided above
/ ,ransverse Construction ;oint
+t shall be constructed when there is an interruption of more than B. minutes in
the concreting operations 6o transverse "oint shall be constructed within $&. m of
an e?pansion "oint# contraction "oint# or plane of weakness +f sufficient concrete has
been mi?ed at the time of interruption to form a slab of at least $& m long# the
e?cess concrete from the last preceding "oint shall be removed and disposed off as
directed
& 3oad ,ransfer Device
Dowel# when used# shall be held in position parallel to the surface and center line
of the slab by a metal device that is left in the pavement
,he portion of each dowel painted with one coat of lead or tar# in conformance
with the requirements of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel# shall be thoroughly coated with
approved bituminous materials# eg# 7CCE.# or an approved lubricant# to prevent the
concrete from binding to that portion of the dowel ,he sleeves for dowels shall be
metal designed to cover &. mm plus or minus & mm ($@/ inch)# of the dowel# with a
watertight closed end and with a suitable stop to hold the end of the sleeves at least
-& mm ($ inch) from the end of the dowel
+n lieu of using dowel assemblies at contraction "oints# dowel may be placed in
the full thickness of pavement by a mechanical device approved by the 1ngineer
:886:68: F'!- St#'.%D)(( (C)!*)-'"t')! !" F'!'*0'!/)
$ 'equence
,he sequence of operations shall be the strikeCoff and consolidation# floating and
removal of laitance# straightCedging and final surface finish Work bridges or other
devices necessary to provide access to the pavement surface for the purpose of
finishing straightCedging# and make corrections as hereinafter specified# shall be
provided by the Contractor
+n general# the addition of water to the surface of the concrete to assist in
finishing operations will not be permitted +f the application of water to the surface is
permitted# it shall be applied as fog spray by means of an approved spray
equipment
- 5inishing ;oints
,he concrete ad"acent to "oints shall be compacted or firmly placed without voids
or segregation against the "oint material assembly# also under and around all load
transfer devices# "oint assembly units# and other features designed to e?tend into the
pavement Concrete ad"acent to "oints shall be mechanically vibrated as required in
'ubsection B$$B%# Placing Concrete
)fter the concrete has been placed and vibrated ad"acent to the "oints as required
in 'ubsection B$$B%# the finishing machine shall be brought forward# operating in a
manner to avoid damage or misalignment of "oints +f uninterrupted operation of the
finishing machine# to over and beyond the "oints causes segregation of concrete#
damage to# or misalignment of the "oints# the finishing machine shall be stopped
when the front screed is appro?imately -. cm (J inches) from the "oint 'egregated
concrete shall be removed from in front of and off the "oint ,he front screed shall
be lifted and set directly on top of the "oint and the forward motion of the finishing
machine resumed When the second screed is close enough to permit the e?cess
mortar in front of it to flow over the "oint# it shall be lifted and carried over the "oint
,hereafter# the finishing machine may be run over the "oint without lifting the
screeds# provided there is no segregated concrete immediately between the "oint
and the screed or on top of the "oint
B 7achine 5inishing
a 6onCvibratory 7ethod ,he concrete shall be distributed or spread as soon
as placed )s soon as the concrete has been placed# it shall be struck off
and screeded by an approved finishing machine ,he machine shall go
over each area of pavement as many times and at such intervals as
necessary to give the proper compaction and leave a surface of uniform
te?ture 1?cessive operation over a given area shall be avoided ,he tops
of the forms shall be kept clean by an effective device attached to the
machine and the travel of the machine on the forms shall be maintained
true without wobbling or other variation tending to affect the precision finish
During the first pass of the finishing machine# a uniform ridge of concrete
shall be maintained ahead of the front screed in its entire length
b *ibratory 7ethod When vibration is specified# vibrators for full width
vibration of concrete paving slabs# shall meet the requirements in
'ubsection B$$B-# 1quipment +f uniform and satisfactory density of the
concrete is not obtained by the vibratory method at "oints# along forms# at
structures# and throughout the pavement# the Contractor will be required to
furnish equipment and method which will produce pavement conforming to
the 'pecifications )ll provisions in item (a) above not in conflict with the
provisions for the vibratory method shall govern
/ Hand 5inishing
Hand finishing methods may only be used under the following conditions<
a +n the event of breakdown of the mechanical equipment# hand methods may
be used to finish the concrete already deposited on the grade
b +n narrow widths or areas of irregular dimensions where operations of the
mechanical equipment is impractical# hand methods may be used
Concrete# as soon as placed# shall be struck off and screeded )n approved
portable screed shall be used ) second screed shall be provided for striking off the
bottom layer of concrete if reinforcement is used
,he screed for the surface shall be at least A. cm (- feet) longer than the
ma?imum width of the slab to be struck off +t shall be of approved design#
sufficiently rigid to retain its shape# and constructed either of metal or other suitable
material shod with metal
Consolidation shall be attained by the use of suitable vibrator or other approved
equipment
+n operation# the screed shall be moved forward on the forms with a combined
longitudinal and transverse shearing motion# moving always in the direction in which
the work is progressing and so manipulated that neither end is raised from the side
forms during the striking off process +f necessary# this shall be repeated until the
surface is of uniform te?ture# true to grade and crossCsection# and free from porous
areas
& 5loating
)fter the concrete has been struck off and consolidated# it shall be further
smoothed# trued# and consolidated by means of a longitudinal float# either by hand or
mechanical method
a Hand 7ethod ,he handCoperated longitudinal float shall be not less than
BA& cm ($- feet) in length and $& cm (A inches) in width# properly stiffened
to prevent fle?ibility and warping ,he longitudinal float# operated from foot
bridges resting on the side forms and spanning but not touching the
concrete# shall be worked with a sawing motion while held in a floating
position parallel to the road center line# and moving gradually from one side
of the pavement to the other 7ovement ahead along the center line of the
pavement shall be in successive advances of not more than oneChalf the
length of the float )ny e?cess water or soupy material shall be wasted
over the side forms on each pass
b 7echanical 7ethod ,he mechanical longitudinal float shall be of a design
approved by the 1ngineer# and shall be in good working condition ,he
tracks from which the float operates shall be accurately ad"usted to the
required crown ,he float shall be accurately ad"usted and coordinated
with the ad"ustment of the transverse finishing machine so that a small
amount of mortar is carried ahead of the float at all times ,he forward
screed shall be ad"usted so that the float will lap the distance specified by
the 1ngineer on each transverse trip ,he float shall pass over each areas
of pavement at least two times# but e?cessive operation over a given area
will not be permitted )ny e?cess water or soupy material shall be wasted
over the side forms on each pass
c )lternative 7echanical 7ethod )s an alternative# the Contractor may use
a machine composed of a cutting and smoothing float or floats suspended
from and guided by a rigid frame ,he frame shall be carried by four or
more visible wheels riding on# and constantly in contact with the side forms
+f necessary# following one of the preceding method of floating# long
handled floats having blades not less than $&. cm (& feet) in length and $&
cm (A inches) in width may be used to smooth and fill in openCte?tured
areas in the pavement 3ongChandled floats shall not be used to float the
entire surface of the pavement in lieu of# or supplementing# one of the
preceding methods of floating When strike off and consolidation are done
by the hand method and the crown of the pavement will not permit the use
of the longitudinal float# the surface shall be floated transversely by means
of the longChandled float Care shall be taken not to work the crown out of
the pavement during the operation )fter floating# any e?cess water and
laitance shall be removed from the surface of the pavement by a BCm
straightCedge or more in length 'uccessive drags shall be lapped oneChalf
the length of the blade
A 'traightCedge ,esting and 'urface Correction
)fter the floating has been completed and the e?cess water removed# but while
the concrete is still plastic# the surface of the concrete shall be tested for trueness
with a B.. cm long straightCedge 5or this purpose# the Contractor shall furnish and
use an accurate B..Ccm straightCedge swung from handles $.. cm (B feet) longer
than oneChalf the width of the slab ,he straightCedge shall be held in contact with
the surface in successive positions parallel to the road center line and the whole
area gone over from one side of the slab to the other as necessary )dvances
along the road shall be in successive stages of not more than oneChalf the length of
the straightCedge )ny depressions found shall be immediately filled with freshly
mi?ed concrete# struck off# consolidated and refinished High areas shall be cut
down and refinished 'pecial attention shall be given to assure that the surface
across "oints meets the requirements for smoothness 'traightCedge testing and
surface corrections shall continue until the entire surface is found to be free from
observable departures from the straightCedge and the slab conforms to the required
grade and crossCsection
E 5inal 5inish

+f the surface te?ture is broom finished# it shall applied when the water sheen has
practically disappeared ,he broom shall be drawn from the center to the edge of the
pavement with ad"acent strokes slightly overlapping ,he brooming operation should
be so e?ecuted that the corrugations produced in the surface shall be uniform in
appearance and not more than $& mm in depth (rooming shall be completed
before the concrete is in such condition that the surface will be unduly roughened by
the operation ,he surface thus finished shall be free from rough and porous areas#
irregularities# and depressions resulting from improper handling of the broom
(rooms shall be of the quality si!e and construction and be operated so as to
produce a surface finish meeting the approval of the 1ngineer 'ub"ect to
satisfactory results being obtained and approval of the 1ngineer# the Contractor will
be permitted to substitute mechanical brooming in lieu of the manual brooming
herein described
+f the surface te?ture is belt finished# when straightCedging is complete and
water sheen has practically disappeared and "ust before the concrete becomes nonC
plastic# the surface shall be belted with -Cply canvass belt not less than -. cm wide
and at least $.. cm longer than the pavement width Hand belts shall have suitable
handles to permit controlled# uniform manipulation ,he belt shall be operated with
short strokes transverse to the center line and with a rapid advances parallel to the
center line
+f the surface te?ture is drag finished# a drag shall be used which consists of a
seamless strip of damp burlap or cotton fabric# which shall produce a uniform of
gritty te?ture after dragging it longitudinally along the full width of pavement 5or
pavement & m or more in width# the drag shall be mounted on a bridge which travels
on the forms ,he dimensions of the drag shall be such that a strip of burlap or fabric
at least $.. cm wide is in contact with the full width of pavement surface while the
drag is used ,he drag shall consist of not less than - layers of burlap with the
bottom layer appro?imately $& cm wider than the layer ,he drag shall be maintained
in such condition that the resultant surface is of uniform appearance and reasonably
free from grooves over $& mm in depth Drag shall be maintained clean and free
from encrusted mortar Drags that cannot be cleaned shall be discarded and new
drags be substituted
0egardless of the method used for final finish# the hardened surface of
pavement shall have a coefficient of friction of .-& or more Completed pavement
that is found to have a coefficient of friction less than .-& shall be grounded or
scored by the Contractor at his e?pense to provide the required coefficient of friction
J 1dging at 5orms and ;oints
)fter the final finish# but before the concrete has taken its initial set# the edges of
the pavement along each side of each slab# and on each side of transverse
e?pansion "oints# formed "oints# transverse construction "oints# and emergency
construction "oints# shall be worked with an approved tool and rounded to the radius
required by the Plans ) well = defined and continuous radius shall be produced
and a smooth# dense mortar finish obtained ,he surface of the slab shall not be
unduly disturbed by tilting the tool during the use
)t all "oints# any tool marks appearing on the slab ad"acent to the "oints shall be
eliminated by brooming the surface +n doing this# the rounding of the corner of the
slab shall not be disturbed )ll concrete on top of the "oint filler shall be completely
removed
)ll "oints shall be tested with a straightCedge before the concrete has set and
correction made if one edge of the "oint is higher than the other
:886:684 S+#(&% T%*t
)s soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently# the pavement surface shall be tested with
a BCm straightCedge or other specified device )reas showing high spots of more than B mm but not
e?ceeding $- mm in B m shall be marked and immediately ground down with an approved grinding tool
to an elevation where the area or spot will not show surface deviations in e?cess of B mm when tested
with B m straightCedge Where the departure from correct crossCsection e?ceeds $- mm# the pavement
shall be removed and replaced by and at the e?pense of the Contractor
)ny area or section so removed shall be not less than $& m in length and not less than the
full width of the lane involved When it is necessary to remove and replace a section of pavement# any
remaining portion of the slab ad"acent to the "oints that is less than $& m in length# shall also be removed
and replaced
:886:68? C+#'!/
+mmediately after the finishing operations have been completed and the concrete has
sufficiently set# the entire surface of the newly placed concrete shall be cured in accordance with either
one of the methods described herein 5ailure to provide sufficient cover material of whatever kind the
Contractor may elect to use# or the lack of water to adequately take care of both curing and other
requirements# shall be a cause for immediate suspension of concreting operations ,he concrete shall
not be left e?posed for more than O hour between stages of curing or during the curing period
+n all congested places# concrete works should be designed so that the designed strength is
attained
$ Cotton of (urlap 7ats
,he surface of the pavement shall be entirely covered with mats ,he mats used
shall be of such length (or width) that as laid they will e?tend at least twice the
thickness of the pavement beyond the edges of the slab ,he mat shall be placed so
that the entire surface and the edges of the slab are completely covered Prior to
being placed# the mats shall be saturated thoroughly with water ,he mat shall be
so placed and weighted down so as to cause them to remain in intimate contact with
the covered surface ,he mat shall be maintained fully wetted and in position for E-
hours after the concrete has been placed unless otherwise specified
- Waterproof Paper
,he top surface and sides of the pavement shall be entirely covered with
waterproof paper# the units shall be lapped at least /& cm ,he paper shall be so
placed and weighted down so as to cause it to remain in intimate contact with the
surface covered ,he paper shall have such dimension but each unit as laid will
e?tend beyond the edges of the slab at least twice the thickness of the pavement# or
at pavement width and A. cm strips of paper for the edges +f laid longitudinally#
paper not manufactured in si!es which will provide this width shall be securely
sewed or cemented together# the "oints being securely sealed in such a manner that
they do not open up or separate during the curing period 2nless otherwise
specified# the covering shall be maintained in place for E- hours after the concrete
has been placed ,he surface of the pavement shall be thoroughly wetted prior to
the placing of the paper
B 'traw Curing
When this type of curing is used# the pavement shall be cured initially with burlap
or cotton mats# until after final set of the concrete or# in any case# for $- hours after
placing the concrete )s soon as the mats are removed# the surface and sides of
the pavement shall be thoroughly wetted and covered with at least -. cm of straw or
hay# thickness of which is to be measured after wetting +f the straw or hay covering
becomes displaced during the curing period# it shall be replaced to the original depth
and saturated +t shall be kept thoroughly saturated with water for E- hours and
thoroughly wetted down during the morning of the fourth day# and the cover shall
remain in place until the concrete has attained the required strength
/ +mpervious 7embrane 7ethod
,he entire surface of the pavement shall be sprayed uniformly with white
pigmented curing compound immediately after the finishing of the surface and
before the set of the concrete has taken place# or if the pavement is cured initially
with "ute or cotton mats# it may be applied upon removal of the mass ,he curing
compound shall not be applied during rain
Curing compound shall be applied under pressure at the rate / 3 to not more than
$/ m
-
by mechanical sprayers ,he spraying equipment shall be equipped with a
wind guard )t the time of use# the compound shall be in a thoroughly mi?ed
condition with the pigment uniformly dispersed throughout the vehicle During
application# the compound shall be stirred continuously by effective mechanical
means Hand spraying of odd widths or shapes and concrete surface e?posed by
the removal of forms will be permitted Curing compound shall not be applied to the
inside faces of "oints to be sealed# but approved means shall be used to insure
proper curing at least E- hours and to prevent the intrusion of foreign material into
the "oint before sealing has been completed ,he curing compound shall be of such
character that the film will harden within B. minutes after application 'hould the
film be damaged from any cause within the E- hour curing period# the damaged
portions shall be repaired immediately with additional compound
& White Polyethylene 'heet
,he top surface and sides of the pavement shall be entirely covered with
polyethylene sheeting ,he units used shall be lapped at least /& cm ,he
sheeting shall be so placed and weighted down so as to cause it to remain intimate
contact with the surface covered ,he sheeting as prepared for use shall have such
dimension that each unit as laid will e?tend beyond the edges of the slab at least
twice the thickness of the pavement 2nless otherwise specified# the covering shall
be maintained in place for E- hours after the concrete has been placed
:886:68@ R%5);- )( F)#5*
)fter forms for concrete shall remain in place undisturbed for not less than twenty four (-/)
hours after concrete pouring +n the removal of forms# crowbars should be used in pulling out nails and
pins Care should be taken so as not to break the edges of the pavement +n case portions of the
concrete are spalled# they shall be immediately repaired with fresh mortar mi?ed in the proportion of one
part of Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregates 7a"or honeycomb areas will be considered as
defective work and shall be removed and replaced at the e?pense of the Contractor )ny area or section
so removed shall not be less than the distance between weakened plane "oint nor less than the full width
of the lane involved
:886:68A S%-'!/ F)'!t*
;oints shall be sealed with asphalt sealant soon after completion of the curing period and
before the pavement is opened to traffic# including the ContractorDs equipment ;ust prior to sealing#
each "oint shall be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign materials including membrane curing compound and
the "oint faces shall be clean and surface dry when the seal is applied
,he sealing material shall be applied to each "oint opening to conform to the details shown on
the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer 7aterial for seal applied hot shall be stirred during heating so
that locali!ed overheating does not occur ,he pouring shall be done in such a manner that the material
will not be spilled on the e?posed surfaces of the concrete ,he use of sand or similar material as a
cover for the seal will not be permitted
Preformed elastomeric gaskets for sealing "oints shall be of the crossCsectional dimensions
shown on the Plans 'eals shall be installed by suitable tools# without elongation and secured in placed
with an approved lubricant adhesive which shall cover both sides of the concrete "oints ,he seals shall
be installed in a compressive condition and shall at time of placement be below the level of the pavement
surface by appro?imately A mm
,he seals shall be in one piece for the full width of each transverse "oint
:886:68B P#)t%&t')! )( P;%5%!t
,he Contractor shall protect the pavement and its appurtenances against both public traffic
and traffic caused by his own employees and agents ,his shall include watchmen to direct traffic and
the erection of and maintenance of warning signs# lights# pavement bridges or crossCovers# etc ,he
Plans or 'pecial Provisions will indicate the location and type of device or facility required to protect the
work and provide adequately for traffic
)ll boreholes after thickness and@or strength determinations of newly constructed asphalt and
concrete pavements shall be immediately filled@restored with the prescribed concrete@asphalt mi? after
completion of the drilling works
)ny damage to the pavement# occurring prior to final acceptance# shall be repaired or the
pavement be replaced
:886:68C C)!&#%t% P;%5%!t 7 S-'$ F)#5 M%t0)"
+f the Contract calls for the construction of pavement without the use of fi?ed forms# the
following provisions shall apply<
$ 9rade
)fter the grade or base has been placed and compacted to the required density#
the areas which will support the paving machine shall be cut to the proper elevation
by means of a properly designed machine ,he grade on which the pavement is to
be constructed shall then be brought to the proper profile by means of properly
designed machine +f the density of the base is disturbed by the grading operation#
it shall be corrected by additional compaction before concrete is placed ,he grade
should be constructed sufficiently in advance of the placing of the concrete +f any
traffic is allowed to use the prepared grade# the grade shall be checked and
corrected immediately before the placing of concrete
- Placing Concrete
,he concrete shall be placed with an approved slipCform paver designed to
spread# consolidate# screed and floatCfinish the freshly placed concrete in one
complete pass of the machine in such a manner that a minimum of hand finish will
be necessary to provide a dense and homogenous pavement in conformance with
the Plans and 'pecifications ,he machine shall vibrate the concrete for the full
width and depth of the strip of pavement being placed 'uch vibration shall
be accompanied with vibrating tubes or arms working in the concrete or with a
vibrating screed or pan operating on the surface of the concrete ,he sliding forms
shall be rigidly held together laterally to prevent spreading of the forms ,he forms
shall trail behind the paver for such a distance that no appreciable slumping of the
concrete will occur# and that necessary final finishing can be accomplished while the
concrete is still within the forms )ny edge slump of the pavement# e?clusive of
edge rounding# in e?cess of A mm shall be corrected before the concrete has
hardened
,he concrete shall be held at a uniform consistency# having a slump of not more
than /. mm ($C$-@ inches) ,he slip form paver shall be operated with as nearly as
possible a continuous forward movement and that all operations of mi?ing# delivering
and spreading concrete shall be coordinated so as to provide uniform progress with
stopping and starting of the paver held to a minimum +f# for any reason# it is
necessary to stop the forward movement of the paver the vibratory and tamping
elements shall also be stopped immediately 6o tractive force shall be applied to
the machine# e?cept that which is controlled from the machine
B 5inishing
,he surface smoothness and te?ture shall meet the requirements of 'ubsections
B$$B$B and B$$B$/
/ Curing
2nless otherwise specified# curing shall be done in accordance with one of the
methods included in 'ubsection B$$B$& ,he curing media shall be applied at the
appropriate time and shall be applied uniformly and completely to all surfaces and
edges of the pavement
& ;oints
)ll "oints shall be constructed in accordance with 'ubsection B$$B$-
A Protection )gainst 0ain
+n order that the concrete may be properly protected against rain before the
concrete is sufficiently hardened# the Contractor will be required to have available at
all times# materials for the protection of the edges and surface of the unhardened
concrete 'uch protective materials shall consist of standard metal forms or wood
planks having a nominal thickness of not less than &. mm (- inches) and a nominal
width of not less than the thickness of the pavement at its edge for the protection of
the pavement edges# and covering material such as burlap or cotton mats# curing
paper or plastic sheeting materials for the protection of the surface of the pavement
When rain appears imminent# all paving operations shall stop and all available
personnel shall begin placing forms against the sides of the pavement and covering
the surface of the unhardened concrete with the protective covering
:886:622 A&&%$t!&% )( C)!&#%t%
,he strength level of the concrete will be considered satisfactory if the averages of all sets of
three (B) consecutive strength test results equal or e?ceed the specified strength# f cD and no individual
strength test result is deficient by more than $&K of the specified strength# fcD
Concrete deemed to be not acceptable using the above criteria may be re"ected unless the
Contractor can provide evidence# by means of core tests# that the quality of concrete represented by
failed test results is acceptable in place )t least three (B) representative cores shall be taken from each
member or area of concrete in place that is considered deficient ,he location of cores shall be
determined by the 1ngineer so that there will be at least impairment of strength of the structure ,he
obtaining and testing of drilled cores shall be in accordance with ))'H,4 , -/
Concrete in the area represented by the cores will be considered adequate if the average
strength of the cores is equal to at least J&K of# and if no single core is less than E&K of# the specified
strength# fcD
+f the strength of control specimens does not meet the requirements of this 'ubsection# and it
is not feasible or not advisable to obtain cores from the structure due to structural considerations#
payment of the concrete will be made at an ad"usted price due to strength deficiency of concrete
specimens as specified hereunder<
Deficiency in 'trength of
Concrete 'pecimens#
Percent (K)
Percent (K) of Contract
Price )llowed
3ess than & $..
& to less than $. J.
$. to less than $& E.
$& to less than -. A.
-. to less than -& &.
-& or more .
:886:62: O$%!'!/ t) T#(('&
,he 1ngineer will decide when the pavement may be opened to traffic ,he road will not be
opened to traffic until test specimens molded and cured in accordance with ))'H,4 , -B have attained
the minimum strength requirements in 'ubsection B$$-$$ +f such tests are not conducted prior to the
specified age the pavement shall not be operated to traffic until $/ days after the concrete was placed
(efore opening to traffic# the pavement shall be cleaned and "oint sealing completed
:886:624 T)-%#!&% !" P;%5%!t t0'&.!%**
$ 9eneral
,he thickness of the pavement will be determined by measurement of cores from
the completed pavement in accordance with ))'H,4 , $/J
,he completed pavement shall be accepted on a lot basis ) lot shall be
considered as $... linear meters of pavement when a single traffic lane is poured or
&.. linear meters when two lanes are poured concurrently ,he last unit in each
slab constitutes a lot in itself when its length is at least O of the normal lot length +f
the length of the last unit is shorter than O of the normal lot length# it shall be
included in the previous lot
4ther areas such as intersections# entrances# crossovers# ramp# etc# will be
grouped together to form a lot 'mall irregular areas may be included with other
unit areas to form a lot
1ach lot will be divided into five (&) equal segments and one core will be obtained
from each segment in accordance with ))'H,4 , -/
- Pavement ,hickness
+t is the intent of this 'pecification that the pavement has a uniform thickness as
called for on the Plans for the average of each lot as defined )fter the pavement
has met all surface smoothness requirements# cores for thickness measurements
will be taken
+n calculating the average thickness of the pavement# individual measurements
which are in e?cess of the specified thickness by more than & mm will be considered
as the specified thickness plus & mm and measurement which are less than the
specified thickness by more than -& mm shall not be included in the average
When the average thickness for the lot is deficient# the contract unit price will be
ad"usted for thickness in accordance with paragraph (B below)
+ndividual areas within a segment found deficient in thickness by more than -&
mm shall be evaluated by the 1ngineer# and if in his "udgment# the deficient areas
warrant removal# they shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor with
pavement of the specified thickness at his entire e?pense However# if the
evaluation of the 1ngineer is that the deficient area should not be removed and
replaced> such area will not be paid
When the measurement of any core is less than the specified thickness by more
than -& mm# the actual thickness of the pavement in this area will be determined by
taking additional cores at no less than & m intervals parallel to the center line in each
direction from the affected location until a core is found in each direction# which is
not deficient in thickness by more than -& mm ,he area of slab for which no
payment will be made shall be the product of the paving width multiplied by the
distance along the center line of the road between transverse sections found not
deficient in thickness by more than -& mm ,he thickness of the remainder of the
segment to be used to get the average thickness of each lot shall be determined by
taking the average thickness of additional cores which are not deficient by more than
-& mm
B )d"ustment for ,hickness
When the average thickness of the pavement per lot is deficient# payment for the
lot shall be ad"usted as follows<
Deficiency in the )verage
,hickness per lot (mm)
Percent (K) of Contract
Price Per 3ot
. = & $..K payment
A = $. %&K payment
$$ = $& J&K payment
$A = -. E.K payment
-$ = -& &.K payment
7ore than -& 0emove and replace@ 6o payment
6o acceptance and final payment shall be made on completed pavement unless
core test for thickness determination is conducted# e?cept for (arangay 0oads
where the implementing office is allowed to waive such test
:8864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he area to be paid for under this +tem shall be the number of square meters (m
-
) of
concrete pavement placed and accepted in the completed pavement ,he width for measurements will
be the width from outside edge to outside edge of completed pavement as placed in accordance with the
Plans or as otherwise required by the 1ngineer in writing ,he length will be measured hori!ontally
along the center line of each roadway or ramp )ny curb and gutter placed shall not be included in the
area of concrete pavement measured
:886? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection B$$/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for Portland Cement Concrete Pavement# which price and payment shall be full
compensation for preparation of roadbed and finishing of shoulders# unless otherwise provided by the
'pecial Provisions# furnishing all materials# for mi?ing# placing# finishing and curing all concrete# for
furnishing and placing all "oint materials# for sawing weakened plane "oints# for fitting the prefabricated
center metal "oint# for facilitating and controlling traffic# and for furnishing all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
B$$ ($) PCC Pavement (Plain) 'quare meter
B$$ (-) PCC Pavement (0einforced) 'quare meter
PART F 7 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEM 400 7 PILING
40068 D%*&#'$t')!
4006868 S&)$%
,his +tem shall consist of piling# furnished# driven or placed# cut and spliced in accordance
with this 'pecification and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans
,he Contractor shall furnish the piles in accordance with an itemi!ed list# which will be
provided by the 1ngineer# showing the number and lengths of all piles When castCinCplace concrete
piles are specified on the Plans# the 1ngineer will not furnish the Contractor an itemi!ed list showing the
number and length of piles When test piles and load tests are required in conformance with 'ubCsection
/..$- and /..$B# respectively# the data obtained from driving test piles and making test loads will be
used in con"unction with other available subCsoil information to determine the number and lengths of piles
to be furnished ,he 1ngineer will not prepare the itemi!ed list of piles for any portion of the foundation
area until all specified loading tests in the Contract representative of the portion have been completed
+n determining lengths of piles for ordering and to be included for payment# the lengths given
in the order list will be based on the lengths which are assumed to remain in the completed structure
,he Contractor# shall# without added compensation# increase the lengths to provide for the fresh heading
and for such additional length as maybe necessary to suit the ContractorDs method of operation
4006862 T%*t P'-%*
5or his own information# the Contractor may drive at the location of the regular piles indicated
on the Plans such test piles as he may consider necessary in addition to the test piles specified in the
Contract and shall be considered as regular piles When called for in the (ill of Fuantities# a pile if
required to be sub"ected to load test shall conform to the provision as provided in 'ubsection /..$B#
3oad ,ests ,he Contractor shall furnish and drive test piles of the dimensions and at the locations
designated by the 1ngineer ,hey shall be of the material shown in the (ill of Fuantities and shall be
driven to refusal or to such tip elevation or appro?imate bearing value as the 1ngineer may request ,est
piles shall be driven with the same hammer that is used for driving foundation piles
When the 1ngineer requests a load test to determine a bearing value# the first load test pile
shall be driven to the specified bearing value as determined by the applicable formula in 'ubsection
/..$/ for ,imber Pile (earing *alue by 5ormula 'ubsequent test piles to be loadCtested shall be
driven to the specified bearing value as determined by the applicable formula modified by the results of
prior test loads and foundation data ,he ground at each test pile shall be e?cavated to the elevation of
the bottom of the footing before the pile is driven
400686: L)" T%*t*
3oad tests for files shall be either 'tatic or Pile ,esting by 3owC'train Dynamic 7ethod# HighC
'train Dynamic 7ethod and CrossCHole 'onic 3ogging
When load tests are specified# the number and location of piles to be tested will be
designated by the 1ngineer 3oad tests shall be done by methods approved by the 1ngineer ,he
Contractor shall submit to the 1ngineer for approval detailed plans of the loading apparatus he intends to
use ,he apparatus shall be so constructed as to allow the various increments of the load to be placed
gradually without causing vibration to the test piles +f the approved method requires the use of tension
(anchor) piles# such tension piles shall be of the same type and diameter as the permanent piles and
shall be driven in the location of permanent piles when feasible Piling not a part of the structure shall be
removed or cut off at least B..mm below the bottom of the footing or finished elevation of the ground
upon completion of the test load Permanent piling used as anchor piling which is raised during the test
load shall be redriven to original grade and bearing
400686:68 Stt'& T%*t'!/
'uitable approved apparatus for determining accurately the load on pile and the settlement of
the pile under increment of load shall be supplied by the Contractor
,est loading shall consist of the application of incremental static loads to a pile and
measuring the resultant settlement ,he loads shall be applied by a hydraulic "ack acting against suitable
anchorage# transmitting the load directly to the pile# or other methods designated by the Plans or
approved by the 1ngineer
,he load shall be applied in increments of & or $. tonnes as directed by the 1ngineer 9ross
settlement readings# loads and other data shall be recorded by the 1ngineer immediately before and
after the applications of each load increment
1ach load increment shall be held for an interval of two and oneChalf minutes 1ach
succeeding increment shall be as directed by the 1ngineer or as shown on the Plans and shall be
applied immediately after the two and oneChalf minute interval readings have been made
When a loadCsettlement curve obtained from these data shows that the pile has failed> ie#
the load can be held only by the constant pumping and the pile or shaft is being driven into the ground#
pumping shall cease 9ross settlement readings# loads and other data shall be recorded immediately
after pumping has ceased and again after an interval of two and oneChalf minutes for a total period of five
(&) minutes )ll loads shall then be removed and the member allowed to recover 9ross settlement
readings shall be made immediately after all loads have been removed and at each interval of two and
oneChalf minutes for a total period of five (&) minutes
)ll load tests shall be carried to failure or to the capacity of the equipment# unless otherwise
noted on the Plans
)fter the completion of loading tests# the load used shall be removed and the piles including
tension piles# shall be utili!ed in the structure if found by the 1ngineer to be satisfactory for such use
,est piles not loaded shall be utili!ed similarly +f any pile# after serving its purpose as a test or tension
pile# is found unsatisfactory for utili!ation in the structure# it shall be removed if so ordered by the
1ngineer or shall be cut off below the ground line of footings# whichever is applicable
When diesel or other types of hammers requiring calibration are to be used# the Contractor
shall make load tests even though no load tests are called for in the (ill of Fuantities# e?cept that load
tests will not be required when the hammer is to be used only for driving piles to refusal# rock or a fi?ed
tip elevation or the hammer is of a type and model that has been previously calibrated for similar type#
si!e and length of pile# and foundation material Calibration data must have been obtained from sources
acceptable to the 1ngineer
400686:62 P'-% T%*t'!/
Pile testing shall be done by 3owC'train Dynamic 7ethod# HighC'train Dynamic 7ethod or
CrossCHole 'onic 3ogging 7ethod as required in the plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
400686:6268 L)1DSt#'! "2!5'& M%t0)"
Pile integrity testing by 3owC'train Dynamic 7ethod shall conform to )',7 DC&JJ-C%A +t is a
soCcalled 3ow 'train 7ethod# since it requires the impact of only a small handCheld hammer# and also
referred to as a 6onCDestructive 7ethod
400686:6262 H'/0DSt#'! D2!5'& T%*t'!/
Pile +ntegrity testing by HighC'train Dynamic 7ethod shall conform to )',7 D/%/&C%E HighC
'train Dynamic 7ethod shall be applied to confirm the design parameters and capacities assumed for
the piles as well as to confirm the normal integrity of testing of the piles +t is considered supplemental to
the lowCstrain and sonicCtype integrity testing of the castCinCplace piles +t is a nonCdestructive relatively
quick test and it is intended that the test shaft be left in a condition suitable for use in production ,he
shaft used for the test will be instrumented and tested by the testing specialist# as approved by the
1ngineer# meeting requirements in accordance to )',7 D/%/&C%E
400686:626: C#)**DH)-% S)!'& L)//'!/ )( B)#%" H)-%*
(y sending ultrasonic pulses through concrete from one probe to another (probes located in
parallel tubes)# the CrossChole 'onic 3ogging (C'3) procedure inspects the drilled shaft structural
integrity# and e?tent and location of defects# if any )t the receiver probe# pulse arrival time and signal the
concrete affects strength 5or equidistant tubes# uniform concrete yields consistent arrival times with
reasonable pulse wave speed and signal strengths 6on = uniformities such as contamination# soft
concrete# honeycombing# voids# or intrusions of foreign ob"ects e?hibit delayed arrival time with reduced
signal strength
4006864 T'5,%# P'-% B%#'!/ V-+% ,2 F)#5+-
S
When load tests are called for in the (ill of Fuantities and when diesel or other hammers to
be calibrated are used# the minimum number of hammer blows per unit of pile penetration needed to
obtain the specified bearing value of piles shall be determined by load tests# as provided in 'ubsections
/..$- and /..$B +n the absence of load tests# the safe bearing value of each timber pile shall be
determined by whichever of the following appro?imate formulas is applicable<
$... WH
5or gravity hammer# P T CCCCCCCCCCCCC ? CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
A 'L-&/
5or singleCaction steam or air hammers# and for diesel hammers having unrestricted rebound
of ram#
$... WH
P T CCCCCCCCCCC ? CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
A 'L-&/
5or doubleCaction steam or air hammers# and diesel hammers having enclosed ram#
$... 1
P T CCCCCCCCCCCC ? CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
A 'L-&/
5or diesel or steam hammers on very heavy piles#
$... 1
P T CCCCCCCCCC ? CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
A
'L-&/ (Wp@W)
Where<
P T 'afe load per pile in 6ewton or kg
W T Weight of the striking part of the hammer in 6ewton or kg
H T Height of fall of ram in metres
' T )verage penetration per blow in mm for the last & to $.
blows for gravity hammers and the last $. to -. blows for
steam hammers
1 T Hammer energy# 6m or kgm
Wp T Weight of pile
,he above formula are applicable only when<
$ ,he hammer has a free fall
- ,he head of the pile is free from broomed or crushed wood fiber or other
serious impairment
B ,he penetration is reasonably quick and uniform
/ ,here is no measurable bounce after the blow
& ) follower is not used
+f there is a measurable bounce# twice the height of bounce shall be deducted from H to
determine its value in the formula
,he bearing power as determined by the appropriate formula listed in this
'ubsection# will be considered effective only when it is less than the crushing strength of
the pile 4ther recogni!ed formulas may be used if fully detailed in the 'pecial Provisions
When bearing power is determined by a formula# timber piles shall be driven until
a computed safe bearing power of each is not less than $J tonnes
400686? C)!&#%t% !" St%%- P'-% B%#'!/ V-+%*
,he bearing values for concrete and steel pile will be determined by the 1ngineer using the
following formulas<
a 7odified HileyDs 5ormula or any formula from brochures of the equipment
used# shall be used when the ratio of weight of ram or hammer to weight of pile is greater
than one fourth ($@/)
-WH (W)
0u T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
('L8) (WLWp)
0u
0a T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
5'
Where<
0u
0a
W
H
Wp
'
8
5'
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
ultimate capacity of piles (86)
capacity of pile (86)=shall be greater than the required weight of
ram or hammer (86)
height of fall of ram (mm)
weight of pile (86)
average penetration for the last ten blows (mm)
$. mm (unless otherwise observed@computed during
driving)
factor of safety (min T B)
b HileyDs 5ormula shall be used when the ratio of the weight of ram or hammer to weight of
pile is less than one fourth ($@/)
efWH (W) (W L n
-
Wp)
0u T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ? CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
'L$@- (C$LC-LCB) (W L Wp)
0u
0a T CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
5'
where<
0u
0a
ef
T
T
T
ultimate capacity of pile (86)
capacity of pile (86)
efficiency of hammer (refer to table)
W
Wp
H
'
C$
C-
CB
3
)
1p
n
5'
T
T
T
T
T

T
T
T
T
T
T
T
weight of ram (86)
weight of pile (86)
height of fall of ram (mm)
average penetration for last ten blows (mm)
temporary compression allowance for pile head and cap (refer to
table)
0u3@)1p
range from -&/mm to &.Jmm (.$H to .-H) for resilient soil to .
for hard pan (rock# very dense sand and gravel)
length of pile
crossCsectional area of pile
modulus of elasticity of pile
coefficient of restitution (refer to table)
factor of safety (min T B)
0equired minimum penetration of all piles shall be si? (A) meters
However# for e?posed piles# the embedded length shall be equal or greater than
the e?posed length but not less than A.m6
6ote<
5ormula for other pile hammers with suggested factor of safety should be as
provided@recommended by their respective manufacturer
V-+%* )( C8 ()# H'-%2 F)#5+-
,emporary Compression )llowance C$ for Pile Head and Cap
7aterials to which
blow is applied
1asy Driving<
P$TB/&7Pa
(&.. psi)
on Pile (utt +f
no cushion#
mm (in)
7edium
Driving<
P$TA%.7Pa
($... psi)
on Head or
Cap mm (in)
Hard Driving<
P$T$.B/7Pa
($&.. psi)
on Head or
Cap
mm (in)
*ery Hard
Driving<
P$T$BJJ7Pa
(-... psi)
on Head or Cap
mm (in)
Head of timber
pile
EA=..mm(BC/)
packing inside
cap on head of
precast conc
piles
Concrete Pile
'teelCcovered
capcontaining
wood packing but
steel piling at pipe
/EAmm (B@$A in)
red electrical
tuber disk
between two
$.mm (B@JH) steel
plates# for use
with severe
driving on
7onotube pile
Head of steel
piling of pipe
$-E (..&)
$-EL $EEJ
b
(..&L ..E)
b
.AB& ..-&)
$.$A (../)
.&.J (..-)
.
-&/ (.$.)
-&/ L BJ$
b
(.$.L .$&)
b
$-E (..&)
-.B- (..J)
$.$A (../)
.
BJ$ (.$&)
BJ$ L &&JJ
b
(..$&L .--)
b
$%.& (..E&)
B./J (.$-)
$&-/ (..A)
.
&.J (.-.)
&.J L EA-
b
(.-. L .B.)
b
-&/ (.$.)
/.A/ (.$A)
-.B- (..J)
.
b
,he first figure represent the compression of the cap and wood dolly or packing above
the cap# whereas the second figure represent the compression of the wood packing
between the cap and the pile head
P$ T 0u@)
*alues of 1fficiency of Hammer# ef
Hammer ,ype ef
Drop Hammer released by trigger
Drop Hammer actuated by rope and friction winch
7c8iernanC,erry 'ingleCacting hammers
WarringtonC*ulcan 'ingle =acting hammers
DifferentialCacting hammers
7c8iernanC,erry# +ndustrial ( 4wnhoist# 6ational and
2nion doubleCacting hammers
Diesel Hammers
$..
.E&
.J&
.E&
.E&
.J&
$..
*alues of Coefficient of 0estitution# n
Pile ,ype Head Condition Drop# 'ingle
)cting or Diesel
Hammer
Double )cting
Hammers
0einforced
Concrete
Helmet with composite plastic or green
heart dolly on top of pile
Helmet with ,imber dolly# and packing
on top of pile
Hammer direct on pile with pad only
./.
.-&
C
.&.
./.
.&.
'teel Driving cap with 'tandard plastic or
greenheart dolly
Driving cap with ,imber dolly
Hammer direct on pile
.&.
.B.
C
.&.
.B.
.&.
,imber Hammer direct on pile .-& ./.
,he formulas specified in the preceding 'ubsection for timber piling may be used in
determining a rough appro?imation for the bearing power of precast and castCinCplace concrete piles and
of steel piles
+n all cases when the bearing power of concrete and steel piles is determined by formula# the
piles shall be driven until the safe bearing power of each is computed to be not less than -E tonnes
400686@ S(% L)"*
When the safe bearing power of any pile is found by test or computation to be less than the
design load# longer piles or additional piles shall be driven as ordered in writing by the 1ngineer
400686A F%tt%" P'-%*
,he safe bearing power of "etted piles shall be determined by actual tests or by the
appropriate methods and formulas given in the preceding 'ubsections 6o "et shall be used during the
test blows
40062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he kind and type of piles shall be as specified on the Plans and (ill of Fuantities 6o
alternative type or kind of piling shall be used
4006268 U!t#%t%" T'5,%# P'-%*
,imber shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$B# ,reated and 2ntreated ,imber ,he
specie shall be specified on the Plans 2nless otherwise noted on the Plans or 'pecial Provisions# only
the best grade shall be used +t shall be free from loose knots# splits# wormholes# decay# warp# ring
separation or any defect which will impair its strength or render it unfit for its intended use )ny specie
specified on the Plans may be used for untreated timber and if the specie is not available# a specie of
equivalent strength and durability may be used if authori!ed by the 1ngineer
0ound piles shall be cut above the ground swell and shall taper from butt to tip ) line drawn
from the center of the tip to the center of the butt shall not fall outside of the crossCsection of the pile at
any point more than one percent of the length of the pile
+n short bends# the distance from the center of the pile to a line stretched from the center of
the pile above the bend to the center of the pile below the bend shall not e?ceed four percent of the
length of the bend or a ma?imum of A&mm
2nless otherwise specified# all piles shall be peeled removing all rough bark and at least J.
percent of the inner bark 6ot less than J. percent of the surface on any circumference shall be clean
wood 6o strip of inner bark remaining on the pile shall be more than -.mm wide and -..mm long )ll
knots shall be trimmed close to the body of the pile
,he pile si!es shall conform to the dimensions shown in ,able /..$
,able /..$ = Dimension of Piles
3ength of Pile Diameter ($ metre from the (utt) 7inimum ,ip
Diameter# mm
7inimum
mm
7a?imum
mm
3ess than $- metres
$- to $J metres
7ore than $J metres
B..
B-.
B&.
/&.
/&.
&..
-..
$J.
$&.
,he diameter of the piles shall be measured in their peeled condition When the pile is not
e?actly round# the average of three measurements may be used 5or any structure# the butt diameters
for the same lengths of pile shall be as uniform as possible
'quare piles shall have the dimensions shown on the Plans
4006262 T#%t%" T'5,%# P'-%*
,imber shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$B# ,reated and 2ntreated ,imber
,reatment shall consist of the forcing of either creosote oil or creosote petroleum oil mi?ture into the
outer fibers of the timber by a heat and pressure process ,he process shall be in accordance with )',7
DC$EA. 'tandard 'pecification for Pressure ,reatment of ,imber Products# but with such changes as
temperatures# pressures# duration of treatment and other factors affecting the final treatment that
e?perience has shown to be necessary in the treatment of structural timbers sawn from woods native to
the Philippines ,he treatment shall be so regulated that the curing process will not induce e?cessive
checking ,he minimum penetration of the preservative into the surface of the timber shall be -. mm )ll
piles shall retain the minimum amount of preservative specified in ,able /..-
,able /..- = 7inimum Preservative Per Cubic 7etre of Wood
,ype of Processing
2se 1mpty Cell Process 5ull Cell Process
9eneral 2se
7arine 2se
$%& kg
B-. kg
,he 1ngineer shall inspect the timber prior to the treatment to determine conformance with
the 'pecifications and suitability of conditions for treatment He shall be permitted free access to the
plant in order that temperatures# pressures and quantities and type of treatment materials used may be
observed 'amples of the creosote or creosote petroleum mi?tures shall be furnished as required for
test
,he timber shall be checked to determine penetration of treatment# quantity of free
preservative remaining on the timber and any visual evidence that the treatment has been performed in a
satisfactory manner ,he penetration of treatment shall be determined by boring a sufficient number of
wellCdistributed holes to determine the average penetration )ll such holes shall be plugged with plugs
appro?imately - mm larger in diameter than the bit used in boring the holes
+f the penetration of preservative is less than the required amount# the entire charge# or such
parts thereof shall be retreated +f after treatment the penetration is still insufficient# the treated pieces
shall be re"ected
400626: C)!&#%t% P'-%*
Concrete shall conform to the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete Concrete shall
be Class GCH unless otherwise specified in the Plans
Concrete shall be proportioned to achieve a range of AHCJH ($&. mm to -.. mm) slump# selfC
compacting mi?
,he use of appropriate plastici!er@additives to assure mi? fluidity and consistency shall be
allowed and with the 1ngineerDs approval ) retardant of proven adequacy and approved by the
1ngineer may be used to ensure that early hardening of concrete during operation will not occur
0einforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel
Prestressing reinforcing steel shall be highCtensile steel wire conforming to ))'H,4 7 -./ or other highC
tensile metals conforming to ))'H,4 'tandards
4006264 St%%- S0%--*
$ 'hells Driven Without a 7andrel
2nless otherwise called for on the Plans or 'pecial Provisions# shells for castCinCplace
concrete piles shall have a minimum B.&mm diameter at cut off and a minimum -.Bmm diameter at tip<
made from not less than /&&mm in thickness plate stock conforming to ))'H,4 7 $JB 'hells may
either be spirally welded or longitudinally welded and may either be tapered or constant in section ,ips
shall be sealed as shown on the Plans
- 'hells Driven With a 7andrel
,he shell shall be of sufficient strength and thickness to withstand driving without in"ury and
to resist harmful distortion and@or buckling due to soil pressure after driven and the mandrel removed
(utt and tip dimension shall be as called for on the Plans or 'pecial Provisions
400626? St%%- P'$%*
5illed 'teel Pipes (filled with concrete) shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) -&-#
9rade -# Welded and 'eamless Pipe Piles Closure Plates for closed piles shall conform to the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 $JB
2nfilled ,ubular 'teel Piles shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) -&-# 9rade -# with
chemical requirements meeting )',7 Designation ) &B# 9rade ( ,he wall thickness shall not be less
than /EAmm
400626@ St%%- HDP'-%*
'teel HCPiles shall be rolled steel sections of the weight and shape called for on the Plans
,hey shall be structural steel meeting the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $JB provided that# where the
'pecial Provisions called for copperCbearing structural steel# the steel shall not contain less than oneCfifth
percent nor more than !ero point thirty five percent (.B&K) of copper# e?cept that steel manufactured by
the acidCbessemer process shall not be used
400626A S0%%t P'-%*
'teel sheet piles shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -.- ()',7 ) B-J)# or ))'H,4
7 --B )ll other sheet piles shall meet the requirements prescribed above the particular material
specified ,he "oints shall be practically waterCtight when the piles are in place
400626B P'-% S0)%*
Pile shoes shall be as called for on the Plans
400626C S$-'&%*
7aterial for pile splices# when splicing is allowed# shall be of the same quality as the material
used for the pile itself and shall follow the requirements given on the Plans
40062680 P'!t
+t shall conform to +tem E.%# Paints
4006: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4006:68 L)&t')! !" S't% P#%$#t')!
Piles shall be driven where indicated on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
)ll e?cavations for the foundation on which the piles are to be driven shall be completed
before the pile driving# unless otherwise specified or approved by the 1ngineer )fter driving is
completed# all loose and displaced materials shall be removed from around the piles by hand e?cavation#
leaving clean solid surface to receive the concrete of the foundation )ny requirement for granular fill
and lean concrete shall be indicated on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
4006:62 D%t%#5'!t')! )( P'-% L%!/t0
Pile length and bearing capacity shall be determined by the 1ngineer from the results of the
test piling and load tests
,he criterion for pile length may be one of the following<
$ Piles in sand and gravel shall be driven to a bearing power determined by the use of
the pile driving formula or as decided by the 1ngineer
- Piles in clay shall be driven to the depth ordered by the 1ngineer However# the
bearing power shall be controlled by the pile driving formula if called for by the
1ngineer
B Piles shall be driven to refusal on rock or hard layer when so ordered by the 1ngineer
,he Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the correct pile length and bearing capacity
according to the criteria given by the 1ngineer
4006:6: P'-% D#';'!/
)ll piles shall be driven as shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing by the 1ngineer ,hey
shall be driven within an allowed variation of -.mm per metre of pile length from the vertical or batter as
shown on the Plans ,he ma?imum allowable variation at the butt end of the pile shall be E&mm in any
direction from the location shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer 1ach pile shall# after
driving# be within $&.mm from the theoretical location underneath the pile cap or underneath the
superstructure in case of pile bents )ll piles pushed up by the driving of ad"acent piles or any other
cause shall be redriven
Piles shall be used only in places where the minimum penetration of Bm in firm materials# or
&m in soft materials can be obtained Whereas soft upper stratum overlies a hard stratum# the piles shall
penetrate the hard materials at sufficient depths to fi? the ends rigidly
)ll pile driving equipment is sub"ect to the 1ngineerDs approval ,he Contractor is responsible
for sufficient weight and efficiency of the hammers to drive the piles down to the required depth and
bearing capacity Hammers shall be gravity hammers# single and double acting steam or pneumatic
hammers or diesel hammers 9ravity hammers shall not weigh less than A. percent of the combined
weight of the pile and driving head but not less than -#... kg ,he fall shall be regulated so as to avoid
in"ury to the pile and shall in no case e?ceed /&.m for timber and steel piles and -&.m for concrete
piles unless otherwise specified or approved by the 1ngineer
,he plant and equipment furnished for steam hammers shall have sufficient capacity to
maintain# under working condition# the pressure at the hammer specified by the manufacturer ,he boiler
or pressure tank shall be equipped with an accurate pressure gauge and another gauge shall be
supplied at the hammer intake to determine the drop in pressure between the gauges When diesel
hammers or any other types requiring calibration are used# they shall be calibrated with test piling and@or
test loads in accordance with 'ubsection /..$-# ,est Piles
Water "ets shall be used only when permitted in writing by the 1ngineer When water "ets are
used# the number of "ets and the no!!le volume and pressure shall be sufficient to erode freely the
material ad"acent to the pile ,he plant shall have sufficient capacity to deliver at all time a pressure
equivalent to at least A%. 8Pa at two $% mm (B@/ inch) "et no!!les ,he "ets shall be shut off before the
required penetration is reached and the piles shall be driven solely by hammers to final penetration as
required by the 1ngineer
Piles shall be supported in line and position with leads while being driven Pile driving leads
shall be constructed in such a manner as to afford freedom of movement of the hammer# and shall be
held in position by guys or steel braces to insure rigid lateral support to the pile during driving ,he leads
shall be of sufficient length to make the use of a follower unnecessary and shall be so designed as to
permit proper placing of batter piles ,he driving of the piles with followers shall be avoided if practicable
and shall be done only under written permission from the 1ngineer
,he method used in driving piles shall not sub"ect them to e?cessive and undue abuse
producing crushing and spalling of the concrete# in"urious splitting# splintering and brooming of the wood
or deformation of the steel 7anipulation of piles to force them into proper position if considered by the
1ngineer too e?cessive will not be permitted
,he pile tops shall be protected by driving heads# caps or cushions in accordance with the
recommendation of the manufacturer of the pile hammer and to the satisfaction of the 1ngineer ,he
driving head shall be provided to maintain the a?is of the pile with the a?is of the hammer and provide a
driving surface normal to the pile
5ull length piles shall be used where practicable 'plicing of piles when permitted# shall be in
accordance with the provisions of 'ubsection /..BE and /..BJ )ll piles shall be continuously driven
unless otherwise allowed by the 1ngineer
Piles shall not be driven within E m of concrete less than E days old
4006:64 T'5,%# P'-%*

Piles shall be strapped with three metal straps< one about /&.mm from the butt# one about
A..mm from the butt# and the third# about B..mm from the tip )dditional straps shall be provided at
about /&m on centers between tip and butt 'trapping should encircle the pile once and be tensioned
as tightly as possible 'traps shall be BJmm wide# .Jmm thick# cold rolled# fully heat treated# high
tensile strapping# painted and wa?ed
,reated piles shall be strapped after treatment
Point protection shall be considered for all timber piles Where timber piles must penetrate
dump fill# or may encounter obstructions or be driven to hard strata# point protection shall be used )
boot that encompasses and utili!es the entire end area of the pile is preferred
4006:6? T'5,%# P'-% B%!t*
Piles for any one bent shall be carefully selected as to si!e# to avoid undue bending or
distortion of the sway bracing Care shall be e?ercised in the distribution of piles of various si!es to
obtain uniform strength and rigidity in the bents of any given structure
Cut offs shall be made accurately to insure full being between caps and piles of bents
4006:6@ P#%&*t C)!&#%t% P'-%*
Precast concrete piles shall be of the design shown on the Plans Prestressed concrete piles
shall be prestressed as prescribed in +tem /.A# Prestressed Concrete 'tructures ,he piles shall be cast
separately and concrete in each pile shall be place continuously ,he completed piles shall be free from
stone pockets# honeycombs# or other defects# and shall be straight and true to the form specified ,he
forms shall be true to line and built of metal# plywood or dressed lumber ) -&mm chamfer strip shall be
used in all corners 5orm shall be waterCtight and shall not be removed until at least twentyCfour (-/)
hours after the concrete is placed
Piles shall be cured and finished in accordance with +tems /.&# 'tructural Concrete and /.A#
Prestressed Concrete 'tructures
Cylinder specimens shall be made and tested in accordance with +tem /.& Piles shall not be
moved until the tests indicate that the concrete has attained a compressive strength of at least J.
percent (J.K) of the design -JCday compressive strength and they shall not be transported or driven
until the design -JCday compressive strength has been attained
+f testing equipment is not available# as in isolated areas# piles shall not be moved until after
fourteen ($/) days after casting and shall not be transported or driven prior to -J days after casting +f
high early strength cement is used# piles shall not be moved# transported or driven prior to E days after
casting
When concrete piles are lifted or moved# they shall be supported at the points shown on the
Plans> if not shown# they shall be supported at the quarter points
4006:6A C*tD'!D$-&% C)!&#%t% P'-%*
$ Drilled Holes
)ll holes for concrete piles cast in drilled holes shall be drilled dry to tip elevation shown on
the Plans )ll holes will be e?amined for straightness and any hole which on visual inspection from the
top shows less than oneChalf the diameter of the hole at the bottom of the hole will be re"ected 'uitable
casings shall be furnished and placed when required to prevent caving of the hole before concrete is
placed
)ll loose material e?isting at the bottom of the hole after drilling operations have been
completed shall be removed before placing concrete
,he use of water for drilling operations or for any other purpose where it may enter the hole
will not be permitted )ll necessary action shall be taken to prevent surface water from entering the hole
and all water which may have infiltrated into the hole shall be removed before placing concrete
Concrete shall be placed by means of suitable tubes Prior to the initial concrete set# the top
Bm of the concrete filled pile or the depth of any reinforcing cage# whichever is greater# shall be
consolidated by acceptable vibratory equipment#
Casing# if used in drilling operations# may be left in place or removed from the hole as
concrete is placed ,he bottom of the casing shall be maintained not more than $&m nor less than .Bm
below the top of the concrete during withdrawal and placing operations unless otherwise permitted by the
1ngineer 'eparation of the concrete during withdrawal operations shall be avoided by vibrating the
casing
- 'teel 'hells and Pipes
,he inside of shells and pipes shall be cleaned and all loose materials removed before
concrete is placed ,he concrete shall be placed in one continuous operation from tip to cutCoff elevation
and shall be carried on in such a manner as to avoid segregation
,he top Bm of concrete filled shells# or to the depth of any reinforcing cage# whichever is
greater# shall be consolidated by acceptable vibratory equipment
Pipes shall be of the diameter shown on the Plans ,he pipe wall thickness shall not be less
than that shown on the Plans but in no case less than &mm ,he pipe# including end closures# shall be of
sufficient strength to be driven by the specified methods without distortion
Closure plates and connecting welds shall not pro"ect more than $-&mm beyond the
perimeter of the pile tips
6o shell or pipe shall be filled with concrete until all ad"acent shells# pipes# or piles within a
radius of $&m or / O times the average pile diameter# whichever is greater# have been driven to the
required resistance
)fter a shell or pipe has been filled with concrete# no shell# pipe or pile shall be driven within
Am thereof until at least E days have elapsed
B Drilled 'hafts
Drilled shafts are deep foundations formed by boring a cylindrical hole into soil and@or rock
and filling the hole with concrete Drilled shafts are also commonly referred to as caissons# bored piles
or drilled piers
Drilled shafts# like driven piles# transfer structural loads to bearing stratum well below the
base of the structure by passing soils having insufficient strength to carry the design loads
Drilled shafts are classified according to their primary mechanism for deriving load resistance
either as floating shafts (ie# shafts transferring load primarily by side resistance)# or endCbearing shafts
(ie# shafts transferring load primarily by tip resistance) 4ccasionally# the bases of shafts are enlarged
(ie# belled or underreamed) to improved the load capacity of end bearing shafts on less than desirable
soils# or to increase the uplift resistance of floating shafts
1ffects of ground and ground water conditions on shaft construction operations should be
considered and delineated# when necessary# the general method of construction to be followed to ensure
the e?pected performance (ecause shafts derive their capacity from side and tip resistance which are a
function of the condition of the materials in direct contact with the shaft# it is important that the
construction procedures be consistent with the material conditions assumed in the design 'oftening#
loosening or other changes in soil and rock conditions caused by the construction method could result in
a reduction in shaft capacity and an increase in shaft displacement ,herefore# evaluation of the effects
of shaft construction procedure on load capacity must be considered an inherent aspect of the design
Drilled shafts are normally si!ed in $&-/cm (ACinch diameter increments with a minimum
diameter of /&E-cm ($JH) ,he diameter of a shaft socketed into rock should be a minimum of $&-/cm
(AH) larger than the socket diameter +f a shaft must be inspected by the entry of a person# the shaft
diameter shall not be less than EA-.cm (B.H)
Drilled shafts constructed in dry# noncaving soils can usually be e?cavated without lateral
support of the hole 4ther ground conditions where caving# squee!ing or sloughing soils are present
require installation of a steel casing or use of a slurry for support of the hole 'uch conditions and
techniques may result in loosening of soil around the shaft# or altering of frictional resistance between the
concrete shaft and surrounding soil
,he centerCtoCcenter spacing between shafts is normally restricted to a minimum of B( to
minimi!e the effects of interaction between ad"acent shafts during construction or in service However#
larger spacings may be required where drilling operations are difficult or where construction must be
completed in very short time frames
Particular attention should be given to the potential for deposition of loose or wet material in
the bottom of the hole# or the buildup of a cake of soft material around the shaft perimeter prior to
concrete placement )dequate cleaning and inspection of rock sockets should always be performed to
assure good contact between the rock and shaft concrete +f good contact along the shaft cannot be
confirmed# it may be necessary to assume that all load is transferred to the tip +f the deposition of soft or
loose material in the bottom of the hole is e?pected# the shaft may have to be designed to carry the entire
design load through side resistance
) number of methods can be used to prevent caving during the drilling of holes and the
placement of concrete +t is preferred that drilled shafts be constructed in stable nonCsloughing soil
without e?cessive ground water +f impossible# consider the following three different construction
methods<
a ,he construction of the pile or shaft in a wet condition while the walls of the e?cavation are
stabili!ed by hydrostatic pressure of water or a mineral slurry until the concrete is placed by tremie
methods for the full length of the pile
7ineral slurry used in the drilling process shall have both a mineral grain si!e that will remain
in suspension and sufficient viscosity and gel characteristics to transport e?cavated material to a suitable
screening system ,he percentage and specific gravity of the material used to make the suspension
shall be sufficient to maintain the stability of the e?cavation and to allow proper concrete placement ,he
level of the slurry shall be maintained at a height sufficient to prevent caving of the hole
,he mineral slurry shall be premi?ed thoroughly with clean fresh water and adequate time
allotted for hydration prior to introduction into the shaft e?cavation )dequate slurry tanks will be required
when specified 6o e?cavated slurry pits will be allowed when slurry tanks are required on the pro"ect
without written permission of the 1ngineer )dequate desanding equipment will be required when
specified 'teps shall be taken as necessary to prevent the slurry from Gsetting upH in the shaft
e?cavation# such as agitation# circulation# and ad"usting the properties of the slurry
Control tests using suitable apparatus shall be carried out by the Contractor on the mineral
slurry to determine density# viscosity# and pH )n acceptable range of values for those physical
properties is shown in the following table
R!/% )( V-+%* (At 20
)
G@B
)
FH)
Property
(2nits)
,ime of 'lurry
+ntroduction
,ime of Concreting
(+n Hole)
,est
7ethod
Density
(86@m
B
)
(pcf)
$.$. to $.JA
A/B to A%$
$.$. to $$E%
A/B to E&.
Density
(alance
*iscosity
(sec per quart)
pH
-J to /&
J to $$
-J to /&
J to $$
7arsh
Cone
pH Paper
or 7eter
6ote<
a) +ncrease density values by .B$/ 86@m
B
(- pcf) in salt water
b) +f desanding is required> sand content shall not e?ceed / percent (by
volume) at any point in the shaft e?cavation as determined by the )merican
Petroleum +nstitute sand content test
,ests to determine density# viscosity and pH values shall be done during the shaft e?cavation
to establish a consistent working pattern
Prior to placing shaft concrete# slurry samples shall be taken from the bottom and at intervals
not e?ceeding B.&m ($. feet) for the full height of slurry )ny heavily contaminated slurry that has
accumulated at the bottom of the shaft shall be eliminated ,he mineral slurry shall be within
specification requirements immediately before shaft concrete placement
E<&;t')! I!*$%&t')!
,he Contractor shall provide equipment for checking the dimensions and alignment of each
shaft e?cavation ,he Contractor under the direction of the 1ngineer shall determine the dimensions and
alignment of the drilled shaft 5inal shaft depth shall be measured after final cleaning
,he base of the shaft e?cavation may be cleaned using a cleaning bucket followed by
airlifting 0everse circulation techniques may also be used to clean the base of the shaft
,he shaft e?cavation shall be cleaned so that a minimum of &. percent of the base will have
less than $-&mm of sediment and at no place on the base more than BE&mm of sediment ,he
1ngineer will determine shaft cleanliness
b ,he use of steel casing which is installed during drilling operations to hold the hole
open and usually withdrawn during concrete placement
Casing# if used in operation# shall be metal# smooth# clean# watertight# and of ample strength
to withstand both handling and driving stresses and the pressure of both concrete and the surrounding
earth materials ,he outside diameter of casing shall not be less than the specified si!e of the shaft +t
shall conform to ))'H,4 7 -E. ()',7 ) E.%) 9rade BA unless otherwise specified
,emporary casings shall be removed while the concrete remains workable 9enerally the
removal of temporary casing shall not be started until concrete placement in the shaft is at or above
ground surface 7ovement of casing by rotating# e?erting downward pressure and tapping to facilitate
e?traction or e?traction with a vibratory hammer will be permitted Casing e?traction shall be at a slow#
uniform rate with the pull in line with the shaft a?is
) sufficient head of concrete shall be maintained above the bottom of the casing to overcome
the hydrostatic pressure of water or drilling fluid outside of the casing
c ,he use of a permanent casing which is left in place within the portion of the pile which
is in unstable material
) permanent casing is applied as protection from the presence of surface water during drilling
and as support later for the installation of the rebar cage and as a concrete form in drilling under water
R%'!()#&'!/ St%%- C/% C)!*t#+&t')! !" P-&%5%!t
,he reinforcing steel cage consisting of the steel shown on the Plans plus cage stiffener bars#
spacers# centrali!ers and any other necessary appurtenances shall be completely assembled and placed
as a unit immediately after the shaft e?cavation is inspected and accepted and prior to shaft concrete
placement
Where the reinforcing cage length is too long for placement as a single unit the cage may be
placed in separate units such that appropriate means of splicing the longitudinal steel is provided for
,he Contractor shall submit his plans for such splices to the 1ngineer for approval
,he reinforcing steel in the hole shall be tied and supported so that the reinforcing steel will
remain within allowable tolerances until the concrete will support the reinforcing steel When concrete is
placed by suitable tubes# temporary holdCdown devices shall be used to prevent uplifting of the steel
cage during concrete placement Concrete spacers or other approved noncorrosive spacing devices
shall be used at sufficient intervals not e?ceeding $&. meters along the shaft to insure concentric
location of the cage within the shaft e?cavation When the si!e of the longitudinal reinforcing steel
e?ceeds -&mm# such spacing shall not e?ceed B. meters
C)!&#%t% P-&%5%!t3 C+#'!/ !" P#)t%&t')!
Concrete shall be placed as soon as possible after reinforcing steel cage placement Concrete
placement shall be continuous in the shaft to the top elevation of the shaft Placement shall continue
after the shaft is full until good quality concrete is evident at the top of the shaft Concrete shall be
placed through a suitable tube
5or piles less than -& meters in diameter# the elapsed time from the beginning of concrete
placement in the shaft to the completion of placement shall not e?ceed - hours 5or piles -&. meters
and greater in diameter# the concrete placing rate shall not be less than %. meters of pile height per
each -Chour period ,he concrete mi? shall be of such design that the concrete remains in a workable
plastic state throughout the -Chour placement limit
When the top of pile elevation is above ground# the portion of the pile above ground shall be
formed with a removable form or permanent casing when specified
,he upper $& meters of concrete shall be vibrated or rodded to a depth of $& meter below
the ground surface e?cept where soft uncased soil or slurry remaining in the e?cavation will possibly mi?
with the concrete
)fter placement# the temporarily e?posed surfaces of the shaft concrete shall be cured in
accordance with the provision in 'ubCsection /.EBJ = Curing Concrete
5or at least /J hours after pile concrete has been placed# no construction operations that
would cause soil movement ad"acent to the shaft# other than mild vibration# shall be conducted
C)!*t#+&t')! T)-%#!&%*4
,he following tolerances shall be maintained in constructing drilled shaft
a ,he drilled shaft shall be within EA-cm (AH) of the plan position in the hori!ontal plane at
the plan elevation for the top of the shaft
b ,he vertical alignment of the shaft e?cavation shall not vary from the plan alignment by
more than -.JB mm@m ($@/ inch per foot) of depth
c )fter all the shaft concrete is placed# the top of the reinforcing steel cage shall be no
more than $&-/ cm (AH) above and no more than EA- cm (BH) below plan position
d When casing is used# its outside diameter shall not be less than the shaft diameter
shown on the plans When casing is not used# the minimum diameter of the drilled
shaft shall be the diameter shown on the plans for diameters A.%A cm (-/H) or less#
and not more than -&/ cm ($ inch) less than the diameter shown on the plans for
diameters greater than A.%A cm (-/H)
e ,he bearing area of bells shall be e?cavated to the plan bearing area as a minimum
)ll other plan dimensions shown for the bells may be varied# when approved# to
accommodate the equipment used
f ,he top elevation of the shaft shall be within -&/ cm ($ inch) of the plan top of shaft
elevation
g ,he bottom of the shaft e?cavation shall be normal to the a?is of the shaft within A-&
mm@m (B@/ inch per foot) of shaft diameter
Drilled shaft e?cavations constructed in such a manner that the concrete shaft cannot be
completed within the required tolerances are unacceptable
4006:6B St%%- HDP'-%
'teel HCPile shall consist of structural steel shapes of the sections indicated on the Plans
When placed in the leads# the pile shall not e?ceed the camber and sweep permitted by
allowable mill tolerance Piles bent or otherwise damaged will be re"ected
,he loading# transporting# unloading# storing and handling of steel HCpile shall be conducted
so that the metal will be kept clean and free from damage
4006:6C U!('--%" T+,+-# St%%- P'-%*
,he tubular steel piles should be or as specified by the 1ngineer
,he minimum wall thickness shall be as indicated in the following table<
4utside Diameter 3ess than B&& mm B&& mm and over
7inimum wall thickness A& mm %& mm
Cutting shoes for piles driven open end may be inside or outside of the pipe ,hey may be
high carbon structural steel with a machined ledged for pile bearing or cast steel with a ledge# designed
for attachment with a simple weld
4006:680 S$-'&'!/
'plicing when permitted shall be made as shown on the Plans and in accordance with this
'ubsection
$ Precast Concrete Piles
a (y using prefabricated "oints mounted in the forms and cast together with the piles
sections and "oined together as specified by the manufacCturer and approved by the
1ngineer ,he "oints shall be of the design and type as specified or shown on the
Plans
b (y cutting away the concrete at the end of the pile# leaving the reinforcing steel e?posed
for a length of /. bar diameters for corrugated or deformed bars and A. bar diameters
for plain bars ,he final cut of the concrete shall be perpendicular to the a?is of the pile
0einforcement of the same si!e as that used in the pile shall be spliced to the
pro"ecting steel in accordance with +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel# and the necessary
formwork shall be placed# care being taken to prevent leakage along the pile ,he
concrete shall be of the same quality as that used in the pile ;ust prior to placing
concrete# the top of the pile shall be wetted thoroughly and covered with a thin coating
of neat cement# retempered mortar# or other suitable bonding material to the
satisfaction of the 1ngineer ,he forms shall remain in place not less than seven (E)
days ,he pile shall not be driven until the safe design has been reached
c (y any other method shown on the Plans or approved by the 1ngineer Curing and
finishing of e?tensions shall be the same as in the original pile
- Prestressed Piles
'plicing of prestressed precast piles will generally not be permitted# but when
permitted# it shall be made in accordance with ($) above# but only after driving has been
completed 0einforcement bars shall be included in the pile head for splicing to the e?tension
bars 6o additional driving will be permitted ,he Contractor# at his option# may submit
alternative plans of splicing for consideration by the 1ngineer
B 'teel Piles# 'hells or Pipes
+f the length of the steel pile# shell or pipe driven is insufficient to obtain the specified
bearing power# an e?tension of the same crossCsection shall be spliced to it 2nless
otherwise shown on the Plans# splices shall be made by buttCwelding the entire crossC
sections to form an integral pile using the electric arc method ,he sections connected shall
be properly aligned so that the a?is of the pile shall be straight (ent and@or damaged piles
shall be re"ected
4006:688 C+tt'!/ O(( !" C$$'!/ P'-%*
,he top of foundation piles shall be embedded in the concrete footing as shown on the Plans
Concrete piles shall# when approved by the 1ngineer# be cut off at such a level that at least
B..mm of undamaged pile can be embedded in the structure above +f a pile is damaged below this
level# the Contractor shall repair the pile to the satisfaction of the 1ngineer ,he longitudinal
reinforcement of the piles shall be embedded in the structure above to a length equal to at least /. times
the diameter of the main reinforcing corrugated bars (A. diameters for plain bars) ,he distance from the
side of any pile to the nearest edge of the cap shall not be less than -..mm
When the cut off elevation for a precast pile or for the steel shell or pile for a cast in place
concrete pile is below the elevation of the bottom of the pile cap# the pile may be builtCup from the butt of
the pile to the elevation of the bottom of the cap by means of reinforced concrete e?tension constructed
in accordance with 'ubsection /..B$. or as approved by the 1ngineer
CutCoffs of structural steel piles shall be made at right angles to the a?is of the pile ,he cuts
shall be made in clear# straight lines and any irregularity due to cutting or burning shall be leveledCoff with
deposits of weld metal prior to placing bearing caps
4006:682 D%(%&t';% P'-%*
)ny pile delivered with defects# or damaged in driving due to internal defects or by improper
driving# or driven out of its proper location# or driven below the elevation fi?ed by the Plans or by the
1ngineer# shall be corrected at the ContractorDs e?pense by one of the following methods approved by
the 1ngineer for the pile in question<
$ )ny pile delivered with defects shall be replaced by a new pile
- )dditional pile shall be driven@casted at the location as directed by the 1ngineer
B ,he pile shall be spliced or builtCup as otherwise provided herein on the underside of
the footing lowered to properly embed the pile
) precast concrete pile shall be considered defective if it has a visible crack# e?tending
around the four sides of the pile# or any defect which# in the opinion of the 1ngineer# affects the strength
or life of the pile
When a new pile is driven or cast to replace a re"ected one# the Contractor at his own
e?pense# shall enlarge the footing as deemed necessary by the 1ngineer
4006:68: P#)t%&t'!/ U!t#%t%" T'5,%# T#%*t-% P'-%*
,he heads of untreated piles shall be treated as follows<
,he sawed surface shall be thoroughly brushCcoated with two (-) applications of hot creosote
oil or other approved preservative
4006:684 P#)t%&t'!/ T#%t%" T'5,%# T#%*t-% P'-%*
)ll cuts and abrasions in treated timber piles shall be protected by a preservative approved
by the 1ngineer
4006:68? P'!t'!/ St%%- P'-%*
2nless otherwise provided# when required steel piles e?tend above the ground surface or
water surface# they shall be protected by paint as specified for cleaning and painting metal surfaces in
accordance with +tem /.B# 7etal 'tructures ,his protection shall e?tend from the elevation shown on
the Plans to the top of the e?posed steel
4006:68@ P'-% R%&)#"*
,he Contractor shall keep records of all piles driven or installed ) copy of the record shall be
given to the 1ngineer within two (-) days after each pile is driven ,he record form to be used shall be
approved by the 1ngineer ,he pile records shall give full information on the following<
Driven Piles CastCinCPlace Piles
$ Pile type and dimension
- Date of casting and concrete
quality (for concrete piles)
B Date of driving
/ Driving equipment< type#
weight U efficiency of hammer#
etc
& Description of cushion on pile
head
A Depth driven and tip elevation
E 5inal set for the last -. blows (for
every $. piles and when the
1ngineer so requires the
penetration along the whole
depth driven shall be recorded)
J 5or gravity and singleCacting
hammers< the height of drop
$ Date of boring or driving (5or steel
shell) U casting
- Pile type and nominal dimension
B 3ength of finished pile and tip
elevation
/ Details of penetration during
boring or driving of steel shell
(driving records as for driven
piles)
& Concrete quality and consisC
tency
A ,ime interval between boring
or driving and concreting
E *olume of concrete placed in
concrete
% 5or double actingChammers CCC
the frequency of blows
$. Details of any interruption in
driving
$$ 3evel of pile top immediately
after driving and the level
when all piles in the group are
driven
$- Details of reCdriving
40064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
4006468 T'5,%#3 St%%- !" P#%&*t C)!&#%t% P'-%*
$ Piles 5urnished
,he quantity to be paid for will be the sum of the lengths in metres of the piles of the
several types and lengths ordered in writing by the 1ngineer# furnished in compliance with
these 'pecifications and stockpiles in good condition at the pro"ect site by the Contractor and
accepted by the 1ngineer ,he length to be paid for will include test and tension piles
ordered by the 1ngineer# but not those furnished by the Contractor at his option 6o
allowance will be made for piles# including test piles# furnished by the Contractor to replace
piles previously accepted by the 1ngineer that are subsequently lost or damaged while in
stockpile# or during handling or driving# and are ordered by the 1ngineer to be removed from
the site of work
+n case e?tensions of piles are necessary# the e?tension length will be included in the
length of pile furnished# e?cept for cut off lengths used for e?tensions and already measured
for payment
- Piles Driven
,he quantity to be paid for will be the sum of the lengths in metres of the piles driven in
the completed work measured from the pile tip elevation to the bottom of pile caps# footings
or bottom of concrete superstructure in the case of pile bents 7easurement will not include
additional piles or test piles driven that may be necessary to suit the ContractorDs method of
construction and were driven at his option
2nless otherwise provided for# preboring# "etting or other methods used for facilitating
pile driving operations will not be measured directly but will be considered subsidiary to pay
items
4006462 C*tDI!DP-&% C)!&#%t% P'-%*
,he quantity to be paid for will be the sum of actual lengths in meters of the piles cast and
left inCplace in the completed and accepted work 7easurements will be from the pile tip to the bottom of
cap or footing Portions of
piles cast deeper than the required length through overCdrilling will not be measured for payment
400646: P'-% S0)%*
,he quantity to be paid for# including test pile shoes# will be the number of pile shoes driven
shown on the Plans or ordered in writing by the 1ngineer# furnished by the Contractor in accordance with
these 'pecifications and accepted by the 1ngineer Pile shoes furnished by the Contractor at his option
or to replace those that are lost or damaged in stockpile or handling will not be measured for payment
4006464 L)" T%*t*
,he quantity of the load tests to be paid for will be the number of tests completed and
accepted e?cept that load tests made to calibrate different types of hammers# if not included in the (ill of
Fuantities# will not be measured for payment
)nchor and test piling which are not part of the completed structure# will be included in the
unit bid price for each G3oad ,estH )nchor and test piling or anchor and test shafts which are a part of
the permanent structure will be paid for under the appropriate +tem
400646? S$-'&%*
,he quantity to be paid for will be the number of splices which may be required to drive the
pile in e?cess of the estimated length shown on the Plans for castCinCplace steel pipes or shells or in
e?cess of the order length furnished by the 1ngineer for all other types of piling 'plices made for the
convenience of the Contractor or to fabricate piles cut offs will not be paid for
4006? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection /../ shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the particular item listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities#
which price and payment shall be full compensaCtion for furnishing and placing all materials# including all
labor# equipment tools and incidentals as well as temporary works# staging areas or craneway necessary
to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of
7easurement
/.. ($)
/.. (-)
/.. (B)
/.. (/)
/.. (&)
/.. (A)
/.. (E)
/.. (J)
/.. (%)
/.. ($.)
/.. ($$)
/.. ($-)
/.. ($B)
/.. ($/)
/.. ($&)
/.. ($A)
/.. ($E)
/.. ($J)
/.. ($%)
/.. (-.)
/.. (-$)
/.. (--)
/.. (-B)
/.. (-/)
2ntreated ,imber Piles# furnished
,reated ,imber Piles# preservative# furnished
'teel HCPiles# furnished
Precast Concrete Piles# furnished
Precast# Prestresssed Concrete Piles# furnished
'tructural 'teel 'heet Piles# furnished
Precast Concrete 'heet Piles# furnished
2ntreated ,imber Piles# driven
,reated ,imber Piles# driven
'teel HCPiles# driven
'teel Pipes Piles
'tructural 'teel 'heet Piles# driven
Precast Concrete 'heet Piles# driven
Precast Concrete Piles# driven
Precast# Prestresssed Concrete Piles# driven
,est Piles# furnished and driven
Concrete Piles cast in Drilled Holes
Concrete Piles cast in 'teel 'hells
Concrete Piles cast in 'teel Pipes
Pile 'hoes
'plices
3oad ,ests
(ored Piles (dia PPm)
Permanent Casing (dia PPPm)
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
7eter
1ach
1ach
1ach
7eter
7eter
ITEM 408 7 RAILINGS
40868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing or fabricating and@or placing railings# for bridges and
other structures of the material or combination of materials shown on the Plans# constructed in
reasonably close conformity with this 'pecification and to the lines# grades and dimensions shown on the
Plans 0ailings shall be classified as concrete# steel# aluminum or timber in accordance with the
predomiCnating material contained in each
40862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
4086268 C)!&#%t%
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements prescribed in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
4086262 R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
408626: St%%-
'tructural steel consisting of steel and iron plates# shapes# pipes# fittings and castings shall
conform to the requirements of +tem /.B# 7etal 'tructures
4086264 A-+5'!+5
+t shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%B# )',7 ( --$ or )',7 ( B.J or as
called for on the Plans
408626? T'5,%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$B# ,reated and 2ntreated ,imber
408626@ St)!%* !" B#'&.*
,hese shall conform to the requirements of +tem &.&# 'tone 7asonry and +tem E./# 7asonry
2nits
408626A P'!t
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.%# Paints
4086: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4086:68 G%!%#-
0ailings shall be constructed to the lines and grades shown on the Plans and shall not reflect
any unevenness in the structure )ll railing posts shall be set plumb in hand or mechanically dug holes#
unless driving is permitted +n the latter case# the manner of driving shall be such as to avoid battering or
distorting of post Post holes shall be backfilled with acceptable material placed in layers and thoroughly
compacted When it is necessary to cut post holes in e?isting pavement# all loose materials shall be
removed and the paving replaced in kind (ridge railings shall not be placed on a span until centering or
falsework has been removed# rendering the span selfCsupporting
0ail elements shall be erected according to Plans and in a manner resulting in a smooth#
continuous installation with laps in the direction of traffic flow )ll bolts e?cept ad"ustment bolts shall be
drawn tight (olts shall be of sufficient length to e?tend beyond the nuts by more than -& mm
Where painting of railing component is specified# any damage to the shop coat of paint shall
be corrected by an application of an approved rustCinhibitive primer prior to painting 2ngalvani!ed
surfaces inaccessible to painting after erection shall be field painted before erection ,he railing
components shall be given the specified number of coats of paint uniformly applied by thorough brushing
or by approved pressure spray
9alvani!ed surfaces which have been abraded so that the base metal is e?posed# threaded
portions of all fittings and fasteners and cut ends of bolts shall be painted with two (-) coats of !incCdust
and !inc o?ide paint
4086:62 M%t- R'-'!/
5abrication and erection shall be done in accordance with the requirements of +tem /.B#
7etal 'tructures +n the case of welded railings# all e?posed "oints shall be finished by grinding or filing
after welding to give a neat appearance
7etal railing shall be carefully ad"usted prior to fi?ing inCplace to insure proper matching of
abutting "oints# correct alignment and camber throughout their length Holes for field connection shall be
drilled with the railing inCplace in the structure at proper grade and alignment Welding may be
substituted for rivets or bolts in field connections with the approval of the 1ngineer
4086:6: C)!&#%t% R'-'!/
$ 0ailing CastC+nCPlace
,he portion of the railing or parapet which is to be castCinCplace shall be constructed in
accordance with the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete 'pecial care shall be
e?ercised to secure smooth and tight fitting forms which can be rigidly held in line and grade
and removed without in"ury to the concrete
5orms shall either be of single width boards or shall be lined with suitable material to
have a smooth surface which shall meet the approval of the 1ngineer or as shown on the
Plans
)ll moldings# panel work and bevel strips shall be constructed according to the detailed
Plans with metered "oints# and all corners in the finished work shall be true# sharp and cleanC
cut and shall be free from cracks# spalls and other defects
- Precast 0ailings
7oist tamped mortar precast members shall be removed from the molds as soon as
practicable and shall be kept damp for a period of at least ten ($.) days )ny member that
shows checking of soft corners of surfaces shall be re"ected
1?pansion "oints shall be constructed as to permit freedom of movement )fter all work
is completed# all loose or thin shells of mortar likely to spall under movement shall be
carefully removed from all e?pansion "oints by means of a sharp chisel
4086:64 W))"%! R'-'!/
Wooden railing shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of +tem /.-# ,imber
'tructures
4086:6? St)!% !" B#'&. R'-'!/
,he materials used in masonry brick railing and parapet and the work to be done shall
conform to the requirements of this 'pecification ,he workmanship shall be first class and the finished
construction shall be neat in appearance and true to line and grade
40864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of linear meters of specified railing actually
completed and accepted measured from center to center of end posts
4086? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quality# measured as prescribed in 'ection /.$/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for 0ailing# which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and
placing all materials including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.$ 0ailing 7eter
ITEM 402 7 TIMBER STRUCTURES
40268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the construction of timber structures to the dimensions# lines and
grades as shown on the Plans or as ordered by the 1ngineer in accordance with these 'pecifications
,he timber shall be treated or untreated as called for on the Plans or 'pecial Provisions
40262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
4026268 T'5,%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$B# ,reated and 2ntreated ,imber
4026262 H#"1#%
)ll hardware shall be of the kind and si!e specified on the Plans )ll bolts# including drift
bolts# shall be either wrought iron or medium steel Washers shall be either ogee gray iron casting or
malleable cast iron unless cut washers are specified on the Plans
(olts shall have square heads and nuts# unless otherwise specified 6ails shall be cut or
round wire of standard form 'pikes shall be cut wire or spikes# or boat spikes# as specified )ll
hardware shall be galvani!ed in conformity with ))'H,4 7 -B- or cadmium plated per )',7 7 $A&
,ype 4'# unless otherwise specified on the Plans or 'pecial Provisions
402626: P'!t
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.%# Paints or +tem /$$# Paint
4026264 St#+&t+#- St%%-
+t shall conform to the applicable requirements of +tem E$-# 'tructural 7etal
402626? P#%*%#;t';%*
,he preservative shall be creosote oil or creosote petroleum oil blend as called for on the
Plans or by the 'pecial Provisions# and shall conform to the 'pecifications for timber preservatives of the
))'H,4 7 $BB
When timber is intended for marine use# creosote petroleum oil blend shall not be used
4026: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4026:68 St)#/% )( Mt%#'-*
)ll timber which is to be stored on the "ob for any length of time prior to its use in the structure
shall be neatly stacked in piles to prevent warping or distortion 2ntreated timber shall be openCstacked
at least B..mm above the ground and the stack shall be sloped so as to shed water CreosoteCtreated
timber shall be closeCstacked and piled to prevent warping ,he ground underCneath and in the vicinity of
all material piles shall be cleared of all weeds and rubbish
4026:62 T#%t%" T'5,%#
)ll treated timber shall be framed prior to treating Care shall be e?ercised in handling all
treated timber so as not to break or penetrate the treatment with any tool or handling equipment )ny
piece of timber that has been damaged by the Contractor shall be replaced by him without e?tra
compensation
)ny cut made or hole bored in treated timber that shall e?pose untreated wood shall be given
three coats of hot creosote or carbolineum before the e?posed part is assembled
4026:6: T'5,%# T#%t5%!t
,reatment shall consist of the forcing of either creosote oil or a creosoteCpetroleum oil mi?ture
into the outer fibers of the timber by a heat and pressure process ,he treatment shall be so regulated
that the curing process will not induce e?cessive checking
,he minimum penetration of the preservative with the surface of the timber shall be -.mm
,he minimum retention of preservative per cubic metre of timber shall be as follows<
5or general use# $%& kg by empty cell process
5or marine use# B-. kg by full cell process
,he 1ngineer shall be notified at least ten ($.) days in advance of the date that the treating
process will be performed in order that the untreated timber# the treatment process# and the finished
treated timber may all be inspected ,he 1ngineer will inspect the timber prior to treatment to determine
conformance with the 'pecifications and suitability of conditions for treatment He shall be permitted free
access to the plant in order that temperatures# pressures and quantities and types of treatment materials
used may be observed 'amples of the creosote or creosoteCpetroleum mi?ture shall be furnished as
required for tests
)fter completion of the treatment# the timber shall be checked to determine penetration of
treatment# amount of checking# quantity of free preservative remaining of the timber and any other visual
evidence that the treatment has been performed in a satisfactory manner ,he penetration of treatment
shall be determined by boring a sufficient number of wellCdistributed holes to determine the average
penetration )ll such holes shall be plugged with plugs appro?imately -mm larger in diameter than the
bit used in boring the holes
+f the penetration of preservative is less than the required amount# the entire charge# or such
parts thereof as are determined by the 1ngineer or his authori!ed representative to be unsatisfactory#
may be retreated +f after retreatment# the penetration is still insufficient# the retreatment pieces shall be
re"ected
)ny e?cessive checking caused by the treating process shall be cause for re"ection of the
pieces in which the e?cessive checking occurs
,he treating plant shall be equipped with adequate thermometers and pressure gages so that
the process can be accurately controlled and a continuous record made of stages of the treating
process +f requested by the 1ngineer# records shall be furnished showing the duration# ma?imum and
minimum temperatures and pressures used during all stages of the process
4026:64 U!t#%t%" T'5,%#
+n structures of untreated timber# all of the following surfaces shall be coated thoroughly with
two (-) coats of hot creosote oil or carbolineum before the timber are assembled< ends# tops and all
contact surfaces of posts# sills# caps# floor beams and stringers# all ends# "oints and contact surfaces of
bracing ,he back surface of all bulkheads and any other timber in direct contact with earth shall be
similarly treated
4026:6? B)-t* !" W*0%#*
Washers of the si!e and type specified shall be used under all bolt heads and nuts that would
otherwise be in contact with wood Cast iron washers shall have a thickness equal to one fourth the
diameter of the bolt and the diameter of the washer shall be four times its thickness 5or malleable or
plate washers# the diameter or side si!e of the square shall be equal to four times the diameter of the
bolt Cap washers shall be used when the timber is in contact with earth )ll nuts shall be checked
effectively after being finally tightened
4026:6@ P'-% B%!t*
,he pile shall be driven as indicated on the Plans# with a variation of the portion above the
ground of not more than Amm per B..mm from the vertical or batter indicated# or so that the cap may be
placed in its proper location without inducing e?cessive stresses on the piles 1?cessive manipulation of
piles will not be permitted and the Contractor will be required to redrive or use other satisfactory methods
to avoid such manipulations 6o shimming on tops of piles will be permitted.
,he piles for any one bent shall be carefully selected as to si!e and quality to avoid undue
bending or distortion of the sway bracing However# care shall be e?ercised in the distribution of piles of
various si!es to secure uniform strength and rigidity in the bents of any given structure Cut offs shall be
accurately made to insure perfect hearing between caps and piles
4026:6A F#5% B%!t*
Concrete pedestal for the support of framed bents shall be finished carefully so that sills or
posts will take even bearing on them Dowels for anchoring sills or posts shall be set the concrete is cast
and shall pro"ect at least $&.mm above the tops of the pedestals
'ills shall have true and even bearing on piles or pedestals ,hey shall be driftCbolted with
bolts e?tending into the piles or pedestals at least $&.mm When possible# all earth shall be removed
from contact with sills so that there will be free circulation of air around the sills
4026:6B C$*
,imber caps shall be placed to obtain even and uniform bearing over the tops of the
supporting posts or piles with their ends in alignment )ll caps shall be secured by driftbolts# set
appro?imately at the center e?tending at least -B.mm into the post or piles
4026:6C B#&'!/
(racing shall be bolted through at intersections to the pile# posts# caps or sills
4026:680 St#'!/%#*
'tringers shall be si!ed at bearings and shall be placed in position so that knots near the
edges will be in the top portions of the stringers 4utside stringers may have butt "oints but interior
stringers shall be lapped to take bearing over the full width of the floor beam or cap at each end ,he
lapped ends of untreated stringers shall be securely fastened to caps by driftbolts When stringers are
two panels in length# the "oints shall be staggered CrossCbridging between stringers shall be neatly and
accurately framed and securely toeCnailed with at least two nails at each end )ll crossCbridging
members shall have full bearing at each end against the sides of stringers 2nless otherwise specified#
cross bridging shall be placed at the center of each span
4026:688 P-!. F-))#*
0oadway and sidewalk floor planks# unless otherwise stipulated# shall be surfaced one side
and one edge ('+'+1) ,he planks shall be laid heartside down# with Emm openings between them for
seasoned materials and with tight "oints for unseasoned material 1ach plank shall be spiked securely to
each "oint or supporting member ,he planks shall be graded carefully as to thickness# and so laid that
no two ad"acent planks shall vary in thickness by more than $Amm
4026:682 L5'!t%" )# St#'$ F-))#*
Planks for laminated or strip floors shall have a nominal thickness of &.mm and shall be
surfaced to a uniform width ('+1)# and when so specified# to a uniform thickness ('+') 2nless otherwise
stipulated# no splicing of planks will be allowed
Planks shall be laid with the surfaced edge down and each plank shall be toeCnailed to each
alternative stringer ,he nailing of successive planks shall be staggered so that the spacing of nails
along each stringer shall not be less than $..mm +n addition# each piece shall be nailed hori!ontally to
ad"acent pieces at /&.mm centers# and staggered both hori!ontally and vertically with nails in ad"acent
pieces )ll floors shall be cut to a straight line along the sides of the roadway
4026:68: R'-'!/ !" R'- P)*t*
0ailing and rail posts shall be built as shown on the Plans and shall be constructed in a
workmanlike and substantial manner )ll railing and rail post materials shall be surfaced on four sides
('/') )ll rails shall be continuous and squarely buttC"oined at the post
4026:684 W0%%- G+#"*
Wheel guards shall be accurately constructed true to line and grade in accordance with the
Plans
2nless otherwise specified# wheel guards shall be surfaced on one side and one edge
('+'+1) Wheel guards shall be laid in sections not less than BA.mm long
40264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,imber structures shall be measured by the completed span and shall include all materials#
equipment and labor used to finish the structure as called for in the (id# Plans and 'pecifications
4026? B*'* )( P25%!t
Payment for the timber structure measured in 'ection /.-/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials# preservative treatment# if called for in the
Contract# equipment# hardware and other metal parts# tools and labor necessary for the completion of
the structure and painting# if required in a satisfactory manner and all incidentals necessary to complete
the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.- ($) ,imber 'tructure 'pan
ITEM 40: 7 METAL STRUCTURES
40:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his work shall consist of steel structures and the steel structure portions of composite
structures# constructed in reasonably close conformity with the lines# grades and dimensions shown on
the Plans or established by the 1ngineer
,he work will include the furnishing# fabricating# hauling# erecting# welding and painting of
structural metals called for in the 'pecial Provision or shown on the Plans 'tructural metals will include
structural steel# rivet# welding# special and alloy steels# steel forgings and castings and iron castings
,his work will also include any incidental metal construction not otherwise provided for# all in accordance
with these 'pecifications# Plans and 'pecial Provisions
40:62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7aterials shall meet the requirements of +tem E$-# 'tructural 7etal> +tem /.%# Welded
'tructural 'teel# and +tem /.%# Welded 'tructural 'teel> and +tem E.%# Paints
40:6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
40:6:68 I!*$%&t')!
,he Contractor shall give the 1ngineer at least fifteen ($&) days notice prior to the beginning
of work at the mill or shop# so that the required inspection may be made ,he term GmillH means any
rolling mill# shop or foundry where material for the work is to be manufactured or fabricated 6o material
shall be rolled or fabricated until said inspection has been provided
,he Contractor shall furnish the 1ngineer with copies of the certified mill reports of the
structural steel# preferably before but not later than the delivery of the steel to the "ob site
,he Contractor shall furnish all facilities for inspection and the 1ngineer shall be allowed free
access to the mill or shop and premises at all times ,he Contractor shall furnish# without charge# all
labor# machinery# material and tools necessary to prepare test specimens
+nspection at the mill or shop is intended as a means of facilitating the work and avoiding
errors and it is e?pressly understood that it will not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility for
imperfect material or workmanship and the necessity for replacing same ,he acceptance of any
material or finished member at the mill or shop by the 1ngineer shall not preclude their subsequent
re"ection if found defective before final acceptance of the work +nspection of welding will be in
accordance with the provision of 'ection & of the G'tandard Code for )rc and 9as Welding in (uilding
ConstructionH of the )merican Welding 'ociety
40:6:62 St)&. Mt%#'- C)!t#)-
When so specified in the Contract# stock material shall be segregated into classes designated
as GidentifiedH or GunidentifiedH6 +dentified material is material which can be positively identified as having
been rolled from a given heat for which certified mill test can be produced 2nidentified material shall
include all other general stock materials When it is proposed to use unidentified material# the 1ngineer
shall be notified of such intention at least fifteen ($&) days in advance of commencing fabrication to
permit sampling and testing When so indicated or directed# the Contractor shall select such material as
he wishes to use from stock# and place it in such position that it will be accessible for inspection and
sampling ,he Contractor shall select identified material from as few heat numbers as possible# and
furnish the certified mill test reports on each of such heat numbers ,wo samples shall be taken from
each heat number as directed# one for a tension test and one for a bend test
+n the case of unidentified stock# the 1ngineer may# at his discretion# select any number of
random test specimens
1ach bin from which rivets or bolts are taken shall sub"ect to random test 5ive rivets or bolts
may be selected by the 1ngineer from each bin for test purposes
'tructural material# either plain or fabricated# shall be stored above the ground upon
platforms# skids# or other supports +t shall be kept free from dirt# grease# or other foreign matter# and
shall be protected as far as practicable from corrosion
40:6:6: F,#'&t')!
,hese 'pecifications apply to riveted# bolted and welded construction ,he Contractor may#
however# with approval of the 1ngineer# substitute high tensile strength steel bolts equivalent to the rivets
in any connection
Workmanship and finish shall be in accordance with the best general practice in modern
bridge shops Portions of the work e?posed to view shall be finished neatly 'hearing# flame cutting#
and chipping shall be done carefully and accurately
'tructural material# either plain or fabricated# shall be stored above the ground upon
platforms# skids or other supports +t shall be kept free from dirt# grease or other foreign matter# and
shall be protected as far as practicable from corrosion
0olled material before being laid off or worked must be straight +f straightening is
necessary# it shall be done by methods that will not in"ure the metal 'harp kinks and bends will be
cause for re"ection of the material
Preparation of material shall be in accordance with )W' ()merican Welding 'ociety) D $$#
paragraph B- as modified by ))'H,4 'tandard 'pecification for Welding of 'tructural 'teel Highway
(ridges
40:6:64 F'!'*0'!/ !" S0$'!/
5inished members shall be true to line and free from twists# bends and open "oints
$ 1dge Planing
'heared edges of plates more than $&% mm in thickness and carrying calculated
stresses shall be planed to a depth of AB mm 0eCentrant cuts shall be filleted
before cutting
- 5acing of (earing 'urfaces
,he surface finish of bearing and based plates and other bearing surfaces that
are to come in contact with each other or with concrete shall meet the )merican
6ational 'tandards +nstitute surface roughness requirements as defined in )6'+ (C
/A$C/E# 'urface 0oughness Waviness and 3ay# Part +<
'teel slabs )6'+ -#...
Heavy plates in contact in shoes to
(e welded )6'+ $#...
7illed ends of compression members#
stiffeners and fillers )6'+ &..
(ridge rollers and rockers )6'+ -&.
Pins and pin holes )6'+ $-&
'liding bearings )6'+ $-&
B )butting ;oints
)butting "oints in compression members and girders flanges# and in tension
members where so specified on the drawings# shall be faced and brought to an even
bearing Where "oints are not faced# the opening shall not e?ceed AB mm
/ 1nd Connection )ngles
5loor beams# stringers and girders having end connection angles shall be built to
plan length back to back of connection angles with a permissible tolerance of . mm
to minus $A mm +f end connections are faced# the finished thickness of the angles
shall not be less than that shown on the detail drawings# but in no case less than %&
mm
& 3acing (ars
,he ends of lacing bars shall be neatly rounded unless another form is required
A 5abrication of 7embers
2nless otherwise shown on the Plans# steel plates for main members and splice
plates for flanges and main tension members# not secondary members# shall be cut
and fabricated so that the primary direction of rolling is parallel to the direction of the
main tensile and@or compressive stresses
5abricated members shall be true to line and free from twists# bends and open
"oints
E Web Plates (0iveted or (olted)
+n girders having no cover plates and not to be encased in concrete# the top
edges of the web shall not e?tend above the backs of the flange angles and shall not
be more than B- mm below at any point )ny portion of the plate pro"ection beyond
the angles shall be chipped flush with the backs of the angles Web plates of
girders having cover plates may not be more than $-E mm less in width than the
distance back to back of flange angles
'plices in webs of girders without cover plates shall be sealed on top with red
lead paste prior to painting
)t web splices# the clearance between the ends of the plates shall not e?ceed %&
mm ,he clearance at the top and bottom ends of the web slice plates shall not
e?ceed AB mm
J (ent Plates
ColdCbent loadCcarrying rolledCsteel plates shall conform to the following<
a ,hey shall be so taken from the stock plates that the bendline will be at right
angles to the direction of rolling# e?cept that coldCbent ribs for orthotropic deck
bridges may be bent in the direction of rolling if permitted by the 1ngineer
b ,he radius of bends shall be such that no cracking of the plate occurs
7inimum bend radii# measured to the concave face of the metal# are shown in
the following table<
)',7
D1'+9C
),+46
,H+C861''# t in mm
2p to
AB
4ver AB ,o
$-E
4ver $-E
,o -&/
4ver -&/
to BJ$
4ver BJ$ to
&..J
)BA $&t $&t -t Bt /t
)-/- -t Bt &t aCCC aCCC
)//. -&t B&t At aCCC aCCC
)//$ -t Bt &t aCCC aCCC
)&-% -t -t CCCC CCCC CCCC
)&E-
9
r/-
-t -t Bt /t &t
9
r/&
-t -t Bt /t CCCC
9
r&.
-&t -&t /t aCCC CCCC
9
r&&
Bt Bt &t aCCC CCCC
9
rA.
B&t B&t At CCCC CCCC
9
rA&
/t /t CCCC CCCC CCCC
)&JJ -t Bt &t aCCC aCCC
)&$/
b
-t -t -t Bt Bt
a
+t is recommended that steel in this thickness range be bent hot Hot bending however# may
result in a slight decrease in the asCrolled mechanical properties
b
,he mechanical properties of )',7 ) &$/ steel results from a quenchCandCtemperCoperation
Hot bending may adversely affect these mechanical properties +f necessary to hotbend#
fabricator should discuss procedure with steel supplier
c (efore bending# the corners of the plate be rounded to a radius of $A mm
throughout that portion of the plate where the bending is to occur
% 5it of 'tiffeners
1nd stiffeners of girders and stiffeners intended as supports for concentrated
loads shall have full bearing (either milled# ground or on weldable steel in
compression areas of flanges# welded as shown on the Plans or specified) on the
flanges to which they transmit load or from which they receive load 'tiffeners not
intended to support concentrated loads shall# unless shown or specified otherwise#
fit sufficiently tight to e?clude water after being painted# e?cept that for welded
fle?ural members# the ends of stiffeners ad"acent to the tension flanges shall be cut
back as shown on the Plans 5illers under stiffeners shall fit within AB mm at each
end
Welding will be permitted in lieu of milling or grinding if noted on the Plans or in
the 'pecial Provisions (rackets# clips# gussets# stiffeners# and other detail material
shall not be welded to members or parts sub"ected to tensile stress unless approved
by the 1ngineer
$. 1yebars
Pin holes may be flame cut at least &.J mm smaller in diameter than the finished
pin diameter )ll eyebars that are to be placed side by side in the structure shall be
securely fastened together in the order that they will be placed on the pin and bored
at both ends while so clamped 1yebars shall be packed and matchmarked for
shipment and erection )ll identifying marks shall be stamped with steel stencils on
the edge of one head of each member after fabrication is completed so as to be
visible when the bars are nested in place on the structure ,he eyebars shall be
straight and free from twists and the pin holes shall be accurately located on the
centerline of the bar ,he inclination of any bar to the plane of the truss shall not
e?ceed $A mm to B.& mm
,he edges of eyebars that lie between the transverse centerline of their pin holes
shall be cut simultaneously with two mechanically operated torches abreast of each
other# guided by a substantial template# in such a manner as to prevent distortion of
the plates
$$ )nnealing and 'tress 0elieving
'tructural members which are indicated in the Contract to be annealed or
normali!ed shall have finished machining# boring and straightening done subsequent
to heat treatment 6ormali!ing and annealing (full annealing) shall be in
accordance with )',7 1 // ,he temperatures shall be maintained uniformly
throughout the furnace during heating and cooling so that the temperature at no two
points on the member will differ by more than BEJ
.
C at any one time
7embers of )&$/@)&$E steels shall not be annealed or normali!ed and shall
be stress relieved only with the approval of the 1ngineer
) record of each furnace charge shall identify the pieces in the charge and show
the temperatures and schedule actually used Proper instruments including
recording pyrometers# shall be provided for determining at any time the
temperatures of members in the furnace ,he records of the treatment operation
shall be available to and meet the approval of the 1ngineer
7embers# such as bridge shoes# pedestals# or others which are built up by
welding sections of plate together shall be stress relieved in accordance with the
provisions of 'ubsection /.BB$$ when required by the Plans# 'pecifications or
'pecial Provisions governing the Contract
$- ,ests
When full si!e tests of fabricated structural members or eyebars are required
by the Contract# the Plans or 'pecifications will state the number and nature of the
tests# the results to be attained and the measurements of strength# deformation or
other performances that are to be made ,he Contractor will provide suitable
facilities# material# supervision and labor necessary for making and recording the
tests ,he members tested in accordance with the Contract will be paid for in
accordance with 'ubsection /.BB&$ ,he cost of testing# including equipment
handling# supervision labor and incidentals for making the test shall be included in
the contract price for the fabrication or fabrication and erection of structural steel#
whichever is the applicable item in the Contract# unless otherwise specified
40:6:6? P'!* !" R)--%#*
Pins and rollers shall be accurately turned to the dimensions shown on the Plans and shall be
straight# smooth# and free from flaws Pins and rollers more --JA mm or less in diameter may either be
forged and annealed Pins and rollers --JA mm or less in diameter may either be forged and annealed
or coldCfinished carbonCsteel shafting
+n pins larger than --JA mm in diameter# a hole not less than &.J mm in diameter shall be
bored full length along the a?is after the forging has been allowed to cool to a temperature below the
critical range under suitable conditions to prevent in"ury by too rapid cooling and before being annealed
Pin holes shall be bored true to the specified diameter# smooth and straight# at right angles
with the a?is of the member and parallel with each other unless otherwise specified ,he final surface
shall be produced by a finishing cut
,he distance outside to outside of holes in tension members and inside to inside of holes in
compression members shall not vary from that specified more than .J mm (oring of holes in builtCup
members shall be done after the riveting is completed
,he diameter of the pin hole shall not e?ceed that of the pin by more than .&$ mm for pins
$-E mm or less in diameter# or .J mm for larger pins
,he pilot and two driving nuts for each si!e of pin shall be furnished# unless otherwise
specified
40:6:6@ F*t%!%# H)-%* (R';%t* !" B)-t*)
)ll holes for rivets or bolts shall be either punched or drilled 7aterial forming parts or a
member composed of not more than five thickness of metal may be punched $A mm larger than the
nominal diameter of the rivets or bolts whenever the thickness of the material is not greater than $% mm
for structural steel# $&% mm for highCstrength steel or $-E mm for quenched and tempered alloy steel#
unless subpunching and reaming is required for field connections
When there are more than five thicknesses or when any of the main material is thicker than
$% mm for structural steel# $&% mm for highCstrength steel# or $-E mm for quenched and tempered alloy
steel# all holes shall either be subdrilled or drilled full si!e
When required for field connections# all holes shall either be subpunched or subdrilled
(subdrilled if thickness limitation governs) /J mm smaller and# after assembling# reamed $A mm larger
or drilled full si!e $A mm larger than the nominal diameter of the rivets or bolts
When permitted by design criteria# enlarged or slotted holes are allowed with highCstrength
bolts 5or punched holes# the diameter of the die shall not e?ceed the diameter of the punch by more
than $A mm +f any holes must be enlarged to admit the fasteners# they shall be reamed Holes shall
be clean cut# without torn or ragged edges Poor matching of holes will be cause for re"ection
0eamed holes shall be cylindrical# perpendicular to the member# and not more than $A mm
larger than the nominal diameter of the fasteners Where practicable# reamers shall be directed by
mechanical means Drilled holes shall be $A mm larger than the nominal diameter of the fasteners
(urrs on the outside surfaces shall be removed Poor matching of holes will be cause for re"ection
0eaming and drilling shall be done with twist drills +f required by the 1ngineer# assembled parts shall be
taken apart for removal of burrs caused by drilling Connecting parts requiring reamed or drilled holes
shall be assembled and securely held while being reamed or drilled and shall be matchmarked before
disassembling
2nless otherwise specified# holes for all field connections and field splices of main truss or
arch members# continuous beams# towers (each face)# bents# plate girders and rigid frames shall be
subpunched (or subdrilled if subdrilling is required) and subsequently reamed while assembled in the
shop in accordance with 'ubsection /.BBE
)ll holes for floorCbeam and stringer field end connections shall be subpunched and reamed
to a steel template reamed while being assembled
0eaming or drilling full si!e of field connection through templates shall be done after
templates have been located with the utmost care as to position and angle and firmly bolted in place
,emplates used for the reaming of matching members# or of the opposite faces of one member# shall be
e?act duplicated ,emplates for connections which duplicate shall be so accurately located that like
members are duplicates and require no matchmarking
+f additional subpunching and reaming is required# it will be specified in the 'pecial Provisions
or on the Plans
)lternately# for any field connection or splice designated above in lieu of subCsi!ed holes and
reaming while assembled# or drilling holes fullCsi!e while assembled# the Contractor shall have the option
to drill bolt holes fullCsi!e in unassembled pieces and@or connections including templates for use with
matching subCsi!ed and reamed holes means of suitable numericallyCcontrolled (6@C) drilling equipment
sub"ect to the specific provisions contained in this 'ubsection
+f 6@C drilling equipment is used# the 1ngineer# unless otherwise stated in the 'pecial
Provisions or on the Plans# may require the Contractor# by means if check assemblies to demonstrate
that this drilling procedure consistently produces holes and connections meeting the requirements of
conventional procedures
,he Contractor shall submit to the 1ngineer for approval a detailed outline of the procedures
that he proposes to follow in accomplishing the work from initial drilling through check assembly# if
required# to include the specific members of the structure that may be 6@C drilled# the si!es of the holes#
the location of common inde? and other reference points# composition of check assemblies and all other
pertinent information
Holes drilled by 6@C drilling equipment shall be drilled to appropriate si!e either through
individual pieces# or any combination of pieces held tightly together
)ll holes punched full si!e# subpunched or subdrilled shall be so accurately punched that
after assembling (before any reaming is done)# a cylindrical pin B- mm smaller in diameter than the
nominal si!e of the punched hole may be entered perpendicular to the face of the member# without
drifting# in at least E& percent of the contiguous holes in the same plane +f the requirement is not
fulfilled# the badly punched pieces will be re"ected +f any hole will not pass a pin /J mm smaller in
diameter than the nominal si!e of the punched holes# this will cause for re"ection
When holes are reamed or drilled# J& percent of the holes in any continuous group shall# after
reaming or drilling# show no offset greater than .J mm between ad"acent thickness of metal
)ll steel templates shall have hardened steel bushings in holes accurately dimensioned from
the center lines if the connections as inscribed on the template ,he center lines shall be used in
locating accurately the template from the milled or scribed ends of the members
40:6:6A S0)$ A**%5,-2
$ 5itting for 0iveting and (olting
'urfaces of metal in contact shall be cleaned before assembling ,he parts of
a member shall be assembled# well pinned and firmly drawn together with bolts
before reaming or riveting is commenced )ssembled pieces shall be taken
apart# if necessary# for the removal of burrs and shavings produced by the
reaming operation ,he member shall be free from twists# bends and other
deformation Preparatory to the shop riveting of fullCsi!ed punched material# the
rivet holes# if necessary# shall be spearCreamed for the admission of the rivets
,he reamed holes shall not be more than $A mm larger than the nominal
diameter of the rivets
1nd connection angles# and similar parts shall be carefully ad"usted to correct
positions and bolted# clamped# or otherwise firmly in place until riveted
Parts not completely riveted in the shop shall be secured by bolts# in so far as
practicable# to prevent damage in shipment and handling
- 'hop )ssembling
,he field connections of main members of trusses# arches# continuous beam
spans# bents# towers (each face)# plate girders and rigid frames shall be
assembled in the shop with milled ends of compression members in full bearing#
and then shall have their subCsi!e holes reamed to specified si!e while the
connections are assembled )ssembly shall be G5ull ,russ or 9irders )ssemblyH
unless GProgressive Chord )ssemblyH or G'pecial Complete 'tructure )ssemblyH
is specified in the 'pecial Provisions or on the Plans
Check assemblies with 6umericallyCControlled Drilled 5ields Connections shall
be in accordance with the provision of - (f) of this 'ubsection
1ach assembly# including camber# alignment# accuracy of holes and fit of
milled "oints# shall be approved by the 1ngineer before reaming is commenced or
before an 6@C drilled check assembly is dismantled
,he fabricator shall furnished the 1ngineer a camber diagram showing the
camber at each panel point in the cases of trusses or arch ribs and at the location
of field splices and fractions of span length (.-& points minimum# .$. points
ma?imum) in case of continuous beam and girders or rigid frames When the
shop assembly is 5ull ,russ or 9irder )ssembly or 'pecial Complete 'tructure
)ssembly# the camber diagram shall show the camber measured in assembly
When any of the other methods of shop assembly is used# the camber diagram
shall show calculated camber
7ethods of assembly shall be described below<
a 5ull of ,russ or 9irders )ssembly shall consist of assembling all
members of each truss# arch rib# bent# tower face# continuous beam
line# plate girder or rigid frame at one time
b Progressive ,russ or 9irder )ssembly shall consist of assembling
initially for each truss# arch rib# bent# tower face# continuous beam
line# plate girder# or rigid frame all members in at least three
continuous shop sections or panels but not less than the number of
panels associated with three continuous chord lengths (ie# length
between field splices) and not less than /&E- m in case of structures
longer than /&E- m )t least one shop section or panel or as many
panels as are associated with a chord length shall be added at the
advancing end of the assembly before any member is removed from
the rearward end so that the assembled portion of the structure is
never less than that specified above
c 5ull Chord )ssembly shall consist of assembling with geometric
angles at the "oints# the full length of each chord or each truss or open
spandrel arch# or each leg of each bent or tower# than reaming their
field connection holes while the members are assembled> and
reaming the web member connections to steel templates set at
geometric (not cambered) angular relation to the chord lines 5ield
connection holes in web members shall be reamed to steel templates
)t least one end of each web member shall be milled or shall be
scribed normal to the longitudinal a?is of the member and the
templates of both ends of the member shall be accurately located
from one of the milled ends or scribed line
d Progressive Chord )ssembly shall consist of assembling contiguous
chord members in the manner specified for 5ull Chord )ssembly# and
in the number and length specified for Progressive ,russ or 9irder
)ssembly
e 'pecial Complete 'tructure )ssembly shall consist of assembling the
entire structure# including the floor system (,his procedure is
ordinarily needed only for complicated structures such as those
having curbed girders# or e?treme skew in combination with severe
grade or camber) ,he assembly including camber# alignment#
accuracy of holes and fit of milled "oints shall be approved by the
1ngineer before reaming is commenced
) Contractor shall furnished the 1ngineer a camber diagram
showing the camber at each panel point of each truss# arch rib#
continuous beam line# plate girder or rigid frame When shop
assembly is 5ull ,russ or 9irder )ssembly or 'pecial Complete
'tructure )ssembly# the camber diagram shall show the camber
measured in assembly When any of the other methods of shop
assembly is used# the camber diagram shall show calculated camber
f Check )ssemblies with 6umericallyCControlled Drilled 5ield
Connections ) check assembly shall be required for each ma"or
structural type of each pro"ect# unless otherwise designated on the
Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions# and shall consist of at least three
contiguous shop sections or# in a truss# all members in at least three
contiguous panels but not less than the number of panels associated
with three contiguous chord lengths (ie# length between field splices)
Check assemblies should be based on the proposed order erection#
"oints in bearings# special comple? points# and similar considerations
'uch special points could be the portals of skewed trusses# etc
2se of either geometric angles (giving theoretically !ero secondary stresses under
deadload conditions after erection) or cambered angles (giving theoretically !ero
secondary stresses under noCload conditions) should be designated on the Plans or in
the 'pecial Provisions
,he check assemblies shall be preferably be the first such sections of each ma"or
structural type to be fabricated
6o matchmaking and no shop assemblies other than the check assemblies shall be
required
+f the check assembly fails in some specific manner to demonstrate that the required
accuracy is being obtained# further check assemblies may be required by the 1ngineer
for which there shall be no additional cost to the contracting authority
40:6:6B R';%t* !" R';%t'!/
,he si!e of rivets called for on the Plans shall be the si!e before heating 0ivet heads shall
be of standard shape# unless otherwise specified# and of uniform si!e for the same diameter of rivet
,hey shall be full# neatly made# concentric with the rivets holes# and in full contact with the surface of the
member 'ufficient rivets for field connections shall be furnished to rivet the entire structure with an
ample surplus to replace all rivets burned# lost or cut out
0ivets shall be heated uniformly to a Glight cherry red colorH and shall be driven while hot
)ny rivet whose point is heated more than the remainder shall not be driven When a rivet is ready for
driving# it shall be free from slag# scale and other adhering matter )ny rivet which is sealed e?cessively
will be re"ected
)ll rivets that are loose# burned# badly formed# or otherwise defective shall be removed and
replaced with satisfactory rivets )ny rivet whose head is defective in si!e or whose head is driven off
center will be considered defective and shall be removed 'titch rivets that are loosened by driving of
ad"acent rivets shall be removed and replaced with satisfactory rivets Caulking# recapping# or double
gunning of rivets heads will not be permitted
'hop rivets shall be driven by directCacting rivet machines when practicable )pproved
bevelled rivet sets shall be used for forming rivet heads on sloping surfaces When the use of a directC
acting rivet machine is not practicable# pneumatic hammers of approved si!e shall be used Pneumatic
bucking tools will be required when the si!e and length of the rivets warrant their use
0ivets may be driven cold provided their diameter is not over %& mm
40:6:6C B)-t%" C)!!%&t')!*3 U!(+#!'*0%"3 T+#!%" !" R',,%" B)-t*
$ 9eneral
(olts under this 'ubsection shall conform to G'pecifications for Carbon 'teel
1?ternally and +nternally ,hreaded 'tandard 5astenersH# )',7 ) B.E
'pecifications for high strength bolts are covered under 'ubsection /.BB$.
(olts shall be unfinished# turned or an approved form of ribbed bolts with
he?agonal nuts and heads e?cept that ribbed bolts shall have button heads
(olted connections shall be used only as indicated by the Plans or 'pecial
Provisions (olts not tightened to the proof loads shall have single self locking
nuts or double nuts (evel washers shall be used where bearing faces have a
slope or more than $<-. with respect to a plane normal to the bolt a?is (olts
shall be of such length that will e?tend entirely through their nuts but not more
than AB mm beyond them
(olts shall be driven accurately into the holes without damage to the threads
) snap shall be used to prevent damage to the heads ,he heads and nuts shall
be drawn tight against the work with the full effort of a man using a suitable
wrench# not less than BJ$ mm long for bolts of nominal diameter $% mm and over
Heads of bolts shall be tapped with a hammer while the nuts are being tightened
- 2nfinished (olts
2nfinished bolts shall be furnished unless other types are specified ,he
number of bolts furnished shall be & percent more than the actual number shown
on the Plans for each si!e and length
B ,urned (olts
,he surface of the body of turned bolts shall meet the )6'+ roughness rating
value of $-& Heads and nuts shall be he?agonal with standard dimensions for
bolts of the nominal si!e specified or the ne?t larger nominal si!e Diameter of
threads shall be equal to the body of the bolt or the nominal diameter of the bolt
specified Holes for turned bolts shall be carefully reamed with bolts furnished to
provide for a light driving fit ,hreads shall be entirely outside of the holes )
washer shall be provided under the nut
/ 0ibbed (olts

,he body of ribbed shall be of an approved form with continuous longitudinal
ribs ,he diameter of the body measured on a circle through the points of the
ribs shall be $%J mm greater than the nominal diameter specified for the bolts
0ibbed bolts shall be furnished with round heads conforming to )6'+ ( $J&
unless otherwise specified 6uts shall be he?agonal# either recessed or with a
washer of suitable thickness 0ibbed bolts shall make a driving fit with the holes
,he hardness of the ribs shall be such that the ribs do not mash down enough to
permit the bolts to turn in the holes during tightening +f for any reason the bolt
twists before drawing tight# the holes shall be carefully reamed and an oversi!ed
bolt used as a replacement ,he Contractor shall provide and supply himself
with oversi!e bolts and nuts for this replacement in an amount not less than ten
percent ($.K) of the number of ribbed bolts specified
40:6:680 B)-t%" C)!!%&t')!* (H'/0 T%!*'-%DSt#%!/t0 B)-t*)
$ (olts
(olts shall be ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-& or ))'H,4 7 -&B) tensioned
to a high tension 4ther fasteners which meet the chemical requirements of
))'H,4 7 $A/ or 7 -&B and which meet the mechanical requirements of the
same specification in full si!e tests and which have body diameter and bearing
areas under the head and nut# or their equivalents# not less than those provided
by a bolt and nut of the same nominal dimensions prescribed above# may be
used sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
(olts lengths shall be determined by adding the gripClength values given in
,able /.B$ to the total thickness of connected material ,he values of ,able
/.B$ compensate for manufacturerDs tolerance# the use of heavy semiCfinished
he?agon nut and a positive GstickCthroughH at the end of the bolt 5or each
hardened flat washer that is used and / mm to the tabular value and for each
bevelled washer add E% mm ,he length determined shall be ad"usted to the
ne?t longer AB mm
T,-% 40:68 7 G#'$DL%!/t0 V-+%*
(olts 'i!e (mm) ,o determine required
bolt length# add grip (mm) R
%& $E&
$-E ---
$%. -&/
--- -JA
-&/ B$E
-JA BJ$
B$E /$B
B/% ///
BJ$ /EA
R Does not include allowance for washer thickness
- (olted Parts
,he slope of surface of bolted parts in contact with the bolt head and nut shall
not e?ceed $<-. with respect to a plane normal to the bolt a?is (olted parts
shall fit solidly together when assembled and shall not be separated by gaskets or
any other interposed compressible material When assembled# all "oint surfaces#
including those ad"acent to the bolt head# nuts or washers# shall be free of scale#
e?cept tight mill scale# and shall also be free of burrs# dirt and other foreign
material that would prevent solid seating of the parts Paint is permitted
unconditionally in bearingCtype connections
+n frictionCtype connections# the Class# as defined below# indicating the
condition of the contact surfaces shall be specified on the Plans Where no
Class is specified# all "oint surfaces shall be free of scale# e?cept tight mill scale
and shall not have a vinyl wash
a Classes )# ( and C (uncoated) Contact surfaces shall be free of oil# paint#
lacquer or other coatings
b Class D (hotCdip galvani!ed and roughened) Contact surfaces shall be
tightly scored by wire brushing or blasting after galvani!ing and prior to
assembly ,he wire brushing treatment shall be a light application of
manual or power brushing that marks or scores the surface but remove
relatively little of the !inc coating ,he blasting treatment shall be a light
GbrushCoffH treatment which will produce a dull gray appearance However#
neither treatment should be severed enough to produce any break or
discontinuity in the !inc surface
c Classes 1 and 5 (blastCcleaned# !inc rich paint) Contact surfaces shall be
coated with organic or inorganic !inc rich paint as defined in the 'teel
'tructures Painting Council 'pecification ''PC $-..
d Classes 9 and H (blastCcleaned# metalli!ed !inc or aluminum) Contact
surfaces shall be coated in accordance with )W' C--# 0ecommended
Practice for 7etalli!ing with )luminum and Vinc for Protection of +ron and
'teel# e?cept that subsequent sealing treatments# described in 'ection +*
therein shall not be used
e Class + (vinyl wash) Contact surfaces shall be coated in accordance with
the provisions of the 'teel 'tructure Painting Council Pretreatment
'pecifications ''PC P,B
))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) ,ype - and ))'H,4 7 -&B bolts
shall not be galvani!ed nor shall they be used to connect galvani!ed
material
B +nstallation
a (olt ,ension 1ach fastener shall be tightened to provide# when all
fasteners in the "oints are tight at least the minimum bolt tension shown in
,able /.B- for the si!e of fastener used
,hreaded bolts shall be tightened with properly calibrated wrenches or
by the turnCofCnut method +f required# because of bolt entering and wrench
operation clearances# tightening by either procedure may be done by
turning the bolt while the nut is prevented from rotating +mpact wrenches#
if used# shall be of adequate capacity and sufficiently supplied with air to
perform the required tightening of each bolt in appro?imately ten seconds
))'H,4 7 -&B and galvani!ed ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) bolts
shall not be reused 4ther ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) bolts may be
reused# but not more than once# if approved by the 1ngineer 0etightening
previously tightened bolts which may have been loosened by the tightening
of ad"acent bolts shall not be considered as a reuse
b Washers )ll fasteners shall have a hardened washer under the element
(nut or bolt head) turned in tightening e?cept that ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 )
B-&) bolts installed by the turn of the nut method in holes which are not
oversi!ed or slotted may have the washer omitted Hardened washers
shall be used under both the head and nut regardless of the element turned
in the case of ))'H,4 7 -&B bolts if the material against which it bears
has a specified yield strength less than -E&EA 7Pa
T,-% 40:62 7 B)-t T%!*')!
7inimum (olt ,ension
$
# kg
B)-t S'>%3 55
AASHTO M 8@4
(ASTM A :2?)
B)-t*
AASHTO M 2?:
(ASTM A 420)
B)-t*
$-E & /AA A E&J
$&% J E.% $. &A%
$%. $- JJ- $& J-$
--- $B -AJ -$ %%%
-&/ -B BA. -/ B$-
-JA -& A.& BA EJA
B$E B- &-- /& J&J
B/% BJ EA. && $$$
BJ$ /E $E/ AA %.&
8
E9+-* t) A0 $%#&%!t )( *$%&'('%" 5'!'5+5 t%!*'-% *t#%!/t0 ,)-t*6
W0%#% ! )+t%# (&% )( t0% ,)-t%" $#t* 0* *-)$% )( 5)#% t0! 8420
1't0 #%*$%&t t) P-!% !)#5- t) t0% ,)-t <'*3 *5))t0 ,%;%--%"
1*0%# *0-- ,% +*%" t) &)5$%!*t% ()# t0% -&. )( $#--%- -'!%6
c Calibrated Wrench ,ightening When Calibrated wrenches are used to
provide the bolt tension as specified above# their setting shall be such as to
induce a bolt tension & to $. percent in e?cess of this value ,hese
wrenches shall be calibrated at least once each working day by tightening#
in a device capable of indicating actual bolt tension# not less than three
typical bolts of each diameter from the bolts to be installed Power
wrenches shall be ad"usted to installed or cutCout at the selected tension +f
manual torque wrenches are used# the torque indication corresponding to
the calibrating tension shall be noted and used in the installation of all the
tested lot 6uts shall be turned in the tightening direction when torque is
measured When using calibrated wrenches to install several bolts in a
single "oint# the wrench shall be returned to GtouchCupH bolts previously
tightened which may have been loosened by the tightening of ad"acent
bolts# until all are tightened to the prescribed amount
d ,urnCofC6ut ,ightening When the turnCofCnut method is used to provide the
bolt tension specified in (a) above# there shall first be enough bolts brought
to a Gsnug tightH condition to insure that the parts of the "oint are brought into
full contact with each other 'nug tight is defined as the tightness attained
by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of a man using an
ordinary spud wrench 5ollowing this initial operation# bolts shall be placed
in any remaining holes in the connection and brought to snug tightness
)ll bolts in the "oints shall then be tightened additionally# by the
applicable amount of nut rotation specified in ,able /.BB with tightening
progressing systematically from the most rigid part of the "oint to its free
edges During this operation# there shall be no rotation of the part not
turned by the wrench
e 3ock Pin and Collar 5asteners ,he installation of lock pin and collar
fasteners shall be by methods approved by the 1ngineer
,able /.BB = 6ut 0otation 5rom 'nug ,ight Condition
$
Disposition of 4uter 5aces of
(olted Parts
(olt 3ength
measured from
underside of head
to e?treme end of
point
(oth faces
normal to
faces normal
to bolt a?is
4ne face normal
to bolt a?is and
other face
sloped not more
$<-. (bevel
washer not
used)
(oth faces sloped
not more than
$<-. from normal
to bolt a?is (bevel
washers not used)
2p to and including
/ diameters .BB turn .& turn .AA turn
4ver / diameters
but not e?ceeding J
diameters
.& turn .AA turn .A-& turn
4ver J diameters
but not e?ceeding
$- diameters
-
.AA turn .JB turn $ turn
$
N+t #)tt')! '* #%-t';% t) ,)-t3 #%/#"-%** )( t0% %-%5%!t (!+t )# ,)-t) ,%'!/
t+#!%"6 F)# ,)-t* '!*t--%" ,2 I t+#! !" -%** t0% t)-%#!&% *0)+-" ,% $-+*
)# 5'!+* :0
0
3 ()# ,)-t* '!*t--%" ,2 2E: t+#! !" 5)#%3 t0% t)-%#!&% *0)+-"
,% $-+* )# 5'!+* 4?
0
6
2
N) #%*%#&0 1)#. 0* ,%%! $%#()#5%" ,2 t0% R%*%#&0 C)+!&'- )! R';%t%"
!" B)-t%" St#+&t+#- J)'!t* t) %*t,-'*0 t0% t+#!D)(D!+t $#)&%"+#% 10%! ,)-t
-%!/t0* %<&%%" 82 "'5%t%#*6 T0%#%()#%3 t0% #%9+'#%" #)tt')! 5+*t ,%
"%t%#5'!%" ,2 &t+- t%*t* '! *+'t,-% t%!*')! "%;'&% *'5+-t'!/ t0% &t+-
&)!"'t')!*6
/ +nspection
,he 1ngineer will determine that the requirements of these 'pecifications are
not in the work When the calibrated wrench method of tightening is used# the
1ngineer shall have full opportunity to witness the calibration tests
,he 1ngineer will observe the installation and tightening of the bolts to
determine that the selected tightening procedure is properly used and will
determine that all bolts are tightened

,he following inspection shall be used unless a more e?tensive or different
procedure is specified<
a ,he Contractor shall use an inspecting wrench which may either be a
torque wrench or a power wrench that can be accurately ad"usted in
accordance with the requirements of 'ubsection /.BB$.(B) (c) above# in
the presence of the 1ngineer
b ,hree bolts of the same grade# si!e and condition as those under inspection
shall be placed individually in a calibration device capable of indicating bolt
tension 3ength may be any length representative of bolts used in the
structure ,here shall be a washer under the part turned in tightening each
bolt
c When the inspecting wrench is a torque wrench# each of the three bolts
specified above shall be tightened in the calibration device by any
convenient means to the minimum tension specified for its si!e in ,able
/.B- ,he inspecting wrench shall then be applied to the tightened bolt
and the torque necessary to run the nut or head & degrees (appro?imately
-&/ mm at B./J mm radius) in the tightening direction shall be
determined ,he average torque measured in the tests of three bolts shall
be taken as the "ob inspection torque to be used in the manner specified
below
d When the inspecting wrench is a power wrench# it shall be ad"usted so that
it will tighten each of the three bolts specified to a tension at least & but not
more than $. percent greater than the minimum tension specified for its
si!e in ,able /.B- ,his setting of wrench shall be taken as the "ob
inspecting torque to be used in the manner specified below
e (olts# represented by the three samples bolts prescribed above# which have
been tightening in the structure shall be inspected by applying# in the
tightening direction# the inspecting wrench and its "ob inspecting torque to
$. percent of the bolts# but not less than two bolts selected at random in
each connection +f no nut or bolt head is turned by this application of the
"ob inspecting torque# the connection shall be accepted as properly
tightened +f any nut or bolt head is turned by the application of the "ob
inspecting torque# this torque shall be applied to all bolts in the connection#
and all bolts whose nut or head is turned by the "ob inspecting torque shall
be tightened and reCinspected# or alternatively# the fabricator or erector# at
his option may reCtighten all the bolts in the connection and then resubmit
the connection for the specified inspection
40:6:688 W%-"'!/
Welding shall be done in accordance with the best modern practice and the applicable
requirements at )W' D$$ e?cept as modified by ))'H,4 G'tandard 'pecifications for Welding of
'tructural 'teel Highway (ridgesH
40:6:682 E#%&t')!
$ 9eneral
,he Contractor shall provide the falsework and all tools# machinery and
appliances# including driftpins and fittingCup bolts# necessary for the e?peditious handling of the work and
shall erect the metal work# remove the temporary construction# and do all work necessary to complete
the structure as required by the Contract and in accordance with the Plans and these 'pecifications
+f shown on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions# the Contractor shall dismantle the old
structure on the bridge site in accordance with +tem $.$# 0emoval of 'tructures and 4bstructions
40:6:68: H!"-'!/ !" St)#'!/ Mt%#'-*
7aterials to be stored shall be placed on skids above the ground +t shall be kept clean and
properly drained 9irders and beams shall be placed upright and shored 3ong members# such as
columns and chords# shall be supported on skids placed near enough together to prevent in"ury from
deflection +f the Contract is for erection only# the Contractor shall check the material turned over to him
against the shipping lists and report promptly in writing any shortage or damage discovered He shall be
responsible for the loss of any material while in his care# or for any damage caused to it after being
received by him
40:6:684 F-*%1)#.
,he false work shall be properly designed and substantially constructed and maintained for
the loads which will come upon it ,he Contractor shall prepare and submit to the 1ngineer working
drawings for falsework and working drawings for changes in any e?isting structure for maintaining traffic#
in accordance with Clause /& of Part 9# Div ++# *ol +
40:6:68? M%t0)" !" E9+'$5%!t
(efore starting the work of erection# the Contractor shall inform the 1ngineer fully as to the
method of erection he proposes to follow# and the amount and character of equipment he proposes to
use# which shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer ,he approval of the 1ngineer shall not be
considered as relieving the Contractor of the responsibility for the safety of his method or equipment or
from carrying out the work in full accordance with the Plans and 'pecifications 6o work shall be done
until such approval by the 1ngineer has been obtained
40:6:68@ St#'/0t%!'!/ B%!t Mt%#'-*
,he strengthening of plates# angles# other shapes and builtCup members# when permitted by
the 1ngineer# shall be done by methods that will not produce fracture or other in"ury Distorted members
shall be straightened by mechanical means or# if approved by the 1ngineer# by the carefully planned and
supervised application of a limited amount of locali!ed heat# e?cept that heat straightening of ))'H,4 7
-// ()',7 ) &$/) or )',7 ) &$E steel members shall be done only under rigidly controlled procedures#
each application sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer +n no case shall the ma?imum temperature of
the ))'H,4 7 -// ()',7 ) &$/) or )',7 ) &$E steels e?ceed A.E-
.
C# nor shall the temperature
e?ceed &$.
.
C at the weld metal or within $&-/ mm of weld metal Heat shall not be applied directly on
weld metal +n all other steels# the temperature of the heated area shall not e?ceed A/J%
.
C (a dull red)
as controlled by temperature indicating crayons# liquids or bimetal thermometers
Parts to be heatCstraightened shall be substantially free of stress and from e?ternal forces#
e?cept stresses resulting from mechanical means used in con"unction with the application of heat
5ollowing the straightening of a bend or buckle# the surface of the metal shall be carefully
inspected for evidence of fracture
40:6:68A A**%5,-'!/ St%%-
,he parts shall be accurately assembled as shown on the working drawings and any
matchmarks shall be followed ,he material shall be carefully handled so that no parts will be bent#
broken or otherwise damaged Hammering which will in"ure or distort the members shall not be done
(earing surfaces and surfaces to be in permanent contact shall be cleaned before the members are
assembled 2nless erected by the cantilever methods# truss spans shall be erected on blocking so
placed as to give the trusses proper camber ,he blocking shall be left in place until the tension chord
splices are fully connected with permanent fasteners and all other truss connections pinned and erection
bolted 'plices of butt "oints of compression members# that are milled to bear and of railing shall not be
permanently fastened until the spans have been swung# e?cept that such permanent fastening may be
accomplished for the truss members at any time that "oint holes are fair 'plices and field connections
shall
have oneChalf of the holes filled with erection bolts and cylindrical erection pins (half bolts and half pins)
before placing permanent fasteners 'plices and connections carrying traffic during erection shall have
threeCfourths of the holes so filled# unless otherwise permitted by the 1ngineer
5ittingCup bolts shall be of the same nominal diameter as the permanent fasteners and
cylindrical erection pins will be $A mm larger
40:6:68B R';%t'!/
Pneumatic hammers shall be used for field riveting e?cept when the use of hand tools is
permitted by the 1ngineer 0ivets larger than $&% mm in diameter shall not be driven by hand CupC
faced dollies# fitting the head closely to insure good bearing# shall be used Connections shall be
accurately and securely fitted up before the rivets are driven
Drifting shall be only such as to draw the parts into position and not sufficient to enlarge the
holes or distort the metal 2nfair holes shall be reamed or drilled 0ivets shall be heated uniformly to a
Glight cherry redH color and shall be driven while hot ,hey shall not be overheated or burned 0ivet
heads shall be full and symmetrical# concentric with the shank# and shall have full bearing all around
,hey shall not be smaller than the heads of the shop rivets 0ivets shall be tight and shall grip the
connected parts securely together Caulking or recupping will not be permitted +n removing rivets# the
surrounding metal shall not be in"ured +f necessary# they shall be drilled out
40:6:68C P'! C)!!%&t')!*
Pilot and driving nuts shall be used in driving pins ,hey shall be furnished by the Contractor
without charge Pins shall be so driven that the members will take full bearing on them Pin nuts shall
be screwed up tight and the threads burred at the face of the nut with a pointed tool
40:6:620 S%tt'!/ S0)%* !" B%#'!/*
'hoes and bearing shall not be placed on bridge seat bearing areas that are improperly
finished# deformed# or irregular ,hey shall be set level in e?act position and shall have full and even
bearing ,he shoes and bearing plates may be set by either of the following methods<
$ 7ethod $
,he bridge seat bearing area shall be heavily coated with red lead paint and
then covered with three layers of /.& to /E- g@m
-
duck# each layer being coated
thoroughly on its top surface with red lead paint ,he shoes and bearing plates
shall be placed in position while the paint is plastic
)s alternatives to canvas and red lead# and when so noted on the Plans or
upon written permission by the 1ngineer# the following may be used<
a 'heet lead of the designated thickness
b Preformed fabric pad composed of multiple layers of -E. g@m
-
duck
impregnated and bound with high quality natural rubber or of equivalent and
equally suitable materials compressed into resilient pads of uniform
thickness ,he number of plies shall be such as to produce the specified
thickness# after compression and vulcani!ing ,he finished pads shall
withstand compression loads perpendicular to the plane of the laminations
of not less than E kg@mm
-
without detrimental reduction in thickness or
e?tension
c 1lastomeric bearing pads
- 7ethod -
,he shoes and bearing plates shall be properly supported and fi?ed with grout
6o load shall be placed on them until the grout has set for at least %A hours#
adequate provision being made to keep the grout well moistened during this
period ,he grout shall consist of one part Portland Cement to one part of fineC
grained sand
,he location of the anchor bolts in relation to the slotted holes in e?pansion
shoes shall correspond with the temperature at the time of erection ,he nuts on
anchor bolts at the e?pansion ends shall be ad"usted to permit the free movement
of the span
40:6:628 P#%$#'!/ M%t- S+#(&%* ()# P'!t'!/
)ll surfaces of new structural steel which are to be painted shall be blast cleaned unless
otherwise specified in the 'pecial Provisions or approved in writing by the 1ngineer
+n repainting e?isting structures where partial cleaning is required# the method of cleaning will
be specified in the 'pecial Provision
,he steel surfaces to be painted shall be prepared as outlined in the G'teel 'tructures
Painting Council 'pecificationsH (''PC) meeting one of the following classes of surface preparation
a ''PC = 'P = & White 7etal (last Cleaning
b ''PC = 'P = A Commercial (last Cleaning
c ''PC = 'P = J Pickling
d ''PC = 'P = $. 6ear White (last Cleaning
(last cleaning shall leave all surfaces with a dense and uniform anchor pattern of not less
than one and oneChalf mills as measured with an approved surface profile comparator
(last cleaned surfaces shall be primed or treated the same day blast cleaning is done +f
cleaned surface rust or are contaminated with foreign material before painting is accomplished# they shall
be recleaned by the Contractor at his e?pense
When paint systems 6o $ or B are specified# the steel surfaces shall be blast cleaned in
accordance with ''PC = 'P = $. When paint systems 6o -# / or & are specified# the steel surface
shall be blast cleaned in accordance with ''PC = 'P = A
40:6:622 S2*t%5 )( P'!t
,he paint system to be applied shall consist of one as set forth in ,able /.B/ and as
modified in the 'pecial Provisions
40:6:62: P'!t'!/ M%t- S+#(&%*
$ ,ime of )pplication
,he prime coat of paint or pretreatment when specified# shall be applied as
soon as possible after the surface has been cleaned and before deterioration of
the surface occurs )ny oil# grease# soil# dust or foreign matter deposited on the
surface after the surface preparation is completed shall be removed prior to
painting +n the event the rusting occurs after completion of the surface
preparation# the surfaces shall be again cleaned
Particular care shall be taken to prevent the contamination of cleaned surfaces
with salts# acids# alkali# or other corrosive chemicals before the prime coat is
applied and between applications of the remaining coats of paint 'uch
contaminants shall be removed from the surface 2nder these circumstances#
the pretreatments or# in the absence of a pretreatment# the prime coat of paint
shall be applied immediately after the surface has been cleaned
- 'torage of Paint and ,hinner
)ll paint and thinner should preferably be stored in a separate building or room
that is well ventilated and free from e?cessive heat# sparks# flame or the direct ray
of the sun
)ll containers of paint should remain unopened until required for use
Containers which have been opened shall be used first
Paint which has livered# gelled# or otherwise deteriorated during storage shall
not be used ,hi?otropic materials which may be stirred to attain normal
consistency are satisfactory
B 7i?ing and ,hinning
)ll ingredients in any container of paint shall be thoroughly mi?ed before use
and shall be agitated often enough during application to keep the pigment in
suspension
Paint mi?ed in the original container shall not be transferred until all settled
pigment is incorporated into the vehicle ,his does not imply that part of the
vehicle cannot be poured off temporarily to simplify the mi?ing
7i?ing shall be by mechanical methods# e?cept that hard mi?ing will be
permitted for container up to $% litres in si!e
7i?ing in open containers shall be done in a well ventilated area away from
sparks or flames
Paint shall not be mi?ed or kept in suspension by means of an air stream
bubbling under the paint surface
When a skin has formed in the container# the skin shall be cut loose from the
sides of the container# removed# and discarded +f such skins are thick enough
to have a practical effect on the composition and quality of the paint# the paint
shall not be used
,he paint shall be mi?ed in manner which will insure breaking up of all lumps#
complete dispersion of settled pigment# and a uniform composition +f mi?ing is
done by hand# most of the vehicle shall be poured off into a clean container ,he
pigment in the paint shall be lifted from the bottom of the container with a broad#
flat paddle# lumps shall be broken up# and the pigment thoroughly mi?ed with the
vehicle ,he poured off vehicle shall be returned to the paint with simultaneous
stirring# or pouring repeatedly from one container to another until the composition
is uniform ,he bottom of the container shall be inspected for unmi?ed pigment
,inting pastes or colors shall be wetted with a small amount of thinner# vehicle# or
paint and thoroughly mi?ed ,he thinned mi?ture shall be added to the large
container of paint and mi?ed until the color is uniform
Paint which does not have a limited pot life# or does not deteriorate on
standing# may be mi?ed at any time before using# but if settling has occurred# it
must be remi?ed immediately before using Paint shall not remain in spray pots#
painterDs buckets# etc# overnight# but shall be gathered into a container and
remi?ed before use
6o thinner shall be added to the paint unless necessary for proper application
+n no case shall more than .& litres of thinner be added per BJ litres unless the
paint is intentionally formulated for greater thinning
,he type of thinner shall comply with the paint specification
When the use of thinner is permissible# thinner shall be added to paint during
the mi?ing process Painters shall not add thinner to paint after it has been
thinned to the correct consistency
)ll thinning shall be done under supervision of one acquainted with the correct
amount and type of thinner to be added to the paint
T,-% 40:64 7 P'!t S2*t%5
Paint 'ystem
/ &
High Pollution or Coastal ? ? ?
7ild Climate ?
W
6ote<
$ Paint system shown for severe areas are satisfactorily in less severe areas
- Coastal C within B./J m of ocean or tidal water
High pollutionCair pollution environment such as industrial areas
7ildCother than coastal areas not in air pollution environment
)ll structural steel shall be painted by one of the following systems ,he
required system or choice of systems will be shown in the Contract
'ystem / is intended for use in mild climates or to repaint e?isting structures
where the other systems are not compatible
C)t'!/ T0'&.!%** S$%&'('&t')!* M'!6 D#2 F'-5
'ystem $ = *inyl Paint 'ystem
Wash Prime E.J.B (b) $-E
+ntermediate
Coat
E.J.B (b) BJ$. = &.J.
B
rd
Coat E.J.B (b) BJ$. = &.J.
/
th
Coat E.J.B (b) BJ$. = &.J.
5inish Coat E.J.B (b) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $A&$.= -.B-.
'ystem - = 1po?yCPolymide 'ystem
Prime Coat E.J.B (c) &.J. = EA-.
+ntermediate
Coat
E.J.B (c) &.J. = EA-.
B
rd
Coat E.J.B (c) &.J. = EA-.
5inish Coat E.J.B (c) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $%.&.= -E%/.
R ,he third coat may be eliminated in mild climates
C)t'!/ T0'&.!%** S$%&'('&t')!* M'!6 D#2 F'-5
'ystem B = +norganic VincC0ich Coating 'ystem
Prime Coat E.J.B(d) JJ%. = $-E
1po?y
+ntermediate Coat
E.J.B (d) /.J. = EA-.
5inish Coat E.J.B (d) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $EEJ. = -&/
)lternate 'ystem
Prime Coat E.J.B (d) JJ%. = $-E
Wash Primer ,ie
Coat
E.J.B (d) $-E.
5inish Coat E.J.B (d) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $B%E.= $%.&.
'ystem / = )lkydC4ilC(asic 3eadCChromate 'ystem
Prime Coat E.J.B (e) BJ$. = &.J.
+ntermediate Coat E.J.B (e) BJ$. = &.J.
5inish Coat E.J.B (e) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $$/B.= $&-/.
R ,he paint system may be specified as four coats for new structure steel in
mild climate# with a minimum thickness of $&-/. mm
'ystem & = 4rganic VincC0ich Paint 'ystem
Prime Coat E.J.B (f) BJ$. = &.J.
+ntermediate Coat E.J.B (f) &.J. = AB&.
Wash Primer ,ie
Coat
E.J.B (f) $-E.
5inish Coat E.J.B (f) BJ$. = &.J.
,otal thickness $B%E.= $EEJ.
/ )pplication of Paint
a 9eneral
,he oldest of each kind of paint shall be used first Paint shall be applied by
brushing or spraying or a combination of these methods Daubers or sheepskins
may be used when no other method is practicable for proper application in places
of difficult access Dipping# roller coating# or flow coating shall be used only
when specifically authori!ed )ll paints shall be applied in accordance with the
manufacturerDs instructions
4pen seams at contact surfaces of built up members which would retain
moisture shall be caulked with red lead paste# or other approved material# before
the second undercoat of paint is applied
Paint shall not be applied when the surrounding air temperature is below
//
.
C Paint shall not be applied when the temperature is e?pected to drop to
.
.
C before the paint has dried Paint shall not be applied to steel at a
temperature over &$E
.
C unless the paint is specifically formulated for application
at the proposed temperature# nor shall paint be applied to steel which is at a
temperature that will cause blistering or porosity or otherwise will be detrimental
to the life of the paint
Paint shall not be applied in fog or mist# or when it is raining or when the
relative humidity e?ceeds J& percent Paint shall not be applied to wet or damp
surfaces
When paint must be applied in damp or cold weather# the steel shall be
painted under cover# or protected# or sheltered or the surrounding air and the
steel heated to a satisfactory temperature +n such cases# the above temperature
and humidity conditions shall be met 'uch steel shall remain under cover or be
protected until dry or until weather conditions permit its e?posure
)ny applied paint e?posed to e?cess humidity# rain or condensation shall first
be permitted to dry ,hen damaged areas of paint shall be removed# the surface
again prepared and then repainted with the same number of coats of paint of the
same kind as the undamaged areas
+f stripe painting is stipulated in the 'pecial Provisions or if the Contractor
chooses to do so at his option# all edges# corners# crevices# rivets# bolts# weld and
sharp edges shall be painted with the priming paint by brush before the steel
receives first full prime coat of paint 'uch striping shall e?tend for at least -&/
mm from the edge When practicable# this stripe coat shall be permitted to dry
before the prime coat is applied# otherwise the stripe coat shall set to touch
before the full prime coat is applied However# the stripe coat shall not be
permitted to dry for a period of long enough to allow rusting of the unprimed steel
When desired# the stripe coat may be applied after a complete prime coat
,o the ma?imum e?tent practicable# each coat of paint shall be applied as
continuous film of uniform thickness free of pores )ny thin spots or areas
missed in the application shall be repainted and permitted to dry before the ne?t
coat of paint is applied 5ilm thickness is included in the description of paint
systems 1ach coat of paint shall be in a proper state of cure or dryness before
application of the succeeding coat
b (rush )pplication
Paint shall be worked into all crevices and corners where possible and
surfaces not accessible to brushes shall be painted by spray# doubers# or
sheepskins )ll runs or rags shall be brushed out ,here shall be a minimum of
brush marks left in the paint
c 'pray )pplication of Paint
,he equipment used for spray application of paint shall be suitable for the
intended purpose# shall be capable of properly atomi!ing the paint to be applied
and shall be equipped with suitable pressure regulators and gages ,he air caps#
no!!les# and needles shall be those recommended by the manufacturer of the
equipment for the material being sprayed ,he equipment shall be kept in
satisfactory condition to permit proper paint application +n closed or recirculating
paint spray system# where gas under pressure is used over the liquid# the gas
shall be an inert# one such as nitrogen ,raps or separators shall be provided to
remove oil and water from the compressed air ,hese traps or separators shall
be adequate si!e and shall be drained periodically during operations ,he air
from the spray gun impinging against the surface shall show no water or oil
Paint ingredients shall be kept properly mi?ed in the spray pots or containers
during paint applications either by continuous mechanical agitation or by
intermittent agitation as frequently as necessary
,he pressure on the material in the pot and of the air at the guns shall be
ad"usted for optimum spraying effectiveness ,he pressure on the material in the
pot shall be ad"usted when necessary for changes in elevation of the gun above
the pot ,he atomi!ing air pressure at the gun shall be high enough to atomi!e
the paint properly but not so high as to cause e?cessive fogging of paint#
e?cessive evaporation of solvent or loss by overspray
'pray equipment shall be kept sufficiently clean so that dirt# dried paint and
other foreign material are not deposited in the paint film )ny solvents left in the
equipment shall be completely removed before applying paint to the surface
being painted
Paint shall be applied in uniform layer# with overlapping at the edge of the
spray pattern ,he spray shall be ad"usted so that the paint is deposited
uniformly During application# the gun shall be held perpendicular to the surface
and at a distance which will insure that a wet layer of paint is deposited on the
surface ,he trigger of the gun should be released at the end of each stroke
)ll rums and sags shall be brushed out immediately or the paint shall be
removed and the surface repainted 'pray application of prime coats shall in all
cases be immediately followed by brushing
)reas inaccessible to the spray gun shall be painted by brush# if not
accessible by brush# daubers or sheepskins shall be used (rushes shall be
used to work paint into cracks# crevices and blind spots where are not adequately
painted by spray
d 'hop Painting
'hop painting shall be done after fabrication and before any damage to the
surface occurs from weather or other e?posure 'hop contact surfaces shall not
be painted unless specified
'urfaces not to be in contact but which will be inaccessible after assembly
shall receive the full paint system specified or three shop coats of the specified
before assembly
,he areas of steel surfaces to be in contact with concrete shall not be painted#
unless otherwise shown on the Plans# the areas of steel surfaces to be in contact
with wood shall receive either the full paint coats specified or three shop coats of
the specified primer
+f paint would be harmful to a welding operator or would be detrimental to the
welding operation or the finished welds# the steel shall not be painted within a
suitable distance from the edges to be welded Welding through inorganic !inc
paint systems will not be permitted unless approved by the 1ngineer
)ntiweld spatter coatings shall be removed before painting Weld slag and flu?
shall be removed by methods at least as effective as those specified for the
cleaning
7achineCfinished or similar surfaces that are not to be painted# but do not
require protections# shall be protected with a coating of rust inhibitive petroleum#
other coating which may be more suitable# for special conditions
1rection marks and weight marks shall be copied on area that have been
previously painted with the shop coat
e 5ield Painting
'teel structures shall be painted as soon as practicable after erection
7etal which has been shop coated shall be touched up with the same type of
paints as the shop coat ,his touchCup shall include cleaning and painting of field
connections# welds# rivets and all damaged or defective paint and rusted areas
,he Contractor may# at his option# apply an overall coat of primer in place of
touchCup spot painting
'urfaces (other than contact surfaces) which are accessible before erection
but which will not be accessible after erection shall receive all field coats of paint
before erection
+f possible the final coat of paint shall not be applied until all concrete work is
finished +f concreting or other operations damage any paint# the surfaces shall
be cleaned and repainted )ll cement or concrete spatter and dripping shall be
removed before any paint is applied
Wet paint shall be protected against damage from dust or other detrimental
foreign matter to the e?tent practicable
f Drying of Painted 7etal
,he ma?imum practicable time shall be allowed for paint to dry before
recoating or e?posure 6o drier shall be added to paint on the "ob unless
specifically called for in the 'pecifications for the paint 6o painted metal shall
be sub"ected to immersion before the paint is dried through Paint shall be
protected from rain# condensation# contamination# and free!ing until dry# to the
fullest e?tent practicable
g Handling of Painted 'teel
Painted steel shall not be handled until the paint has dried# e?cept for
necessary handling in turning for painting or stacking for drying
Paint which is damaged in handling shall be scraped off and touchedCup with
the same number of the coats and kinds of paint as were previously applied to the
steel
Painted steel shall not be loaded for shipment or shipped until it is dry
Precautions shall be taken to minimi!e damage to paint films resulting from
stocking members
& 7easurement of Dry 5ilm ,hickness of Paints
a +nstrumentation
Dry paint film thickness shall be measured using PullC4ff (,ype $) or 5i?ed
Probe (,ype -) 7agnetic 9ages ,ype $ gages include ,insley# 1lcometer#
7icrotest and +nspector models ,ype - gage include 1lcometric# 7initector#
9eneral 1lectric# *erimeter and )ccuderm models
b Calibration
$ ,ype $ (PullC4ff) 7agnetic 9ages
7easure the coating thickness on a series of reliable standards
covering the e?pected range of paint thickness 0ecord the calibration
correction either plus (L) or minus (C) required at each standard
thickness ,o guard against gage drift during use# reCcheck occasionally
with one or more of the standards
When the gage ad"ustment has drifted so far that large corrections
are needed# it is advisable to reCad"ust closer to the standard values and
reCcalibrate
5or ,ype $ gages# the preferred basic standards are small#
chromeplated steel panels that may be available from the 6ational
(ureau of 'tandards in coating thickness from $-E. mm to -.B-. mm
Plastic shims of certified thickness in the appropriate ranges may also
be used to calibrate the gages ,he gage is held firmly enough to press
the shim tightly against the steel surface 0ecord the calibration
correction as above
- ,ype - (5i?ed Probe) 7agnetic 9ages
'hims of plastic or nonCmagnetic metals laid on the appropriate steel
base (at least EA- ? EA- ? B- mm) are suitable working standards
,hese gages are held firmly enough to press the shim tightly against the
steel surface 4ne should avoid e?cessive pressure that might indent
the plastic or# on a blast cleaned surface# might impress the steel peaks
into the undersurface of the plastic
,he 6ational (ureau of 'tandards = standards panels shall not be used
to calibrate ,ype - gages
c 7easurement Procedures
,o determine the effect of the substrate surface condition on the gage
readings# access is required to some unpainted areas
0epeated gage readings# even at points close together# may differ
considerably due to small surface irregularities ,hree gage readings should
therefore be made for each spot measurement of either the substrate or the paint
7ove the probe a short distance for each new gage reading Discard any
unusually high of flow gage reading that cannot be repeated consistently ,ake
the average of the three gage readings as the spot measurement
$ 7easurement with ,ype $ (PullC4ff) 9age

7easure ())# the bare substrate# at a number of spots to obtain a
representative average value 7easure (()# the dry paint film# at the
specified number of spots
Correct the ()) and (() gage readings or averages as determined by
calibration of the gage 'ubtract the corrected readings ()) from (() to
obtain the thickness of the paint above the peaks of the surface

- 7easurement with ,ype - (5i?ed Probe) 9age
Place a standard shim of the e?pected paint thickness on the bare
substrate that is to be painted )d"ust the gage in place on the shim so
that it indicates the known thickness of the shim
Conform the gage setting by measuring the shim at several other
area of the bare substrate 0eCad"ust the gage as needed to obtain an
average setting representative of the substrate
With the gage ad"ustment as above# measure the dry paint film at
three points ,he gage readings indicate the paint film thickness at the
three points ,he gage readings indicate the paint thickness above the
peaks of the surface profile
0eCcheck the gage setting at frequent intervals during a long series of
measurements 7ake five separate spot measurements spaced evenly
over each section of the structure %-% square metres in area# or of other
area as may be specified ,he average of five spot measurements for
each such section shall not be less than the specified thickness 6o
single spot measurement (average of three readings) in any section shall
be less than J.K of the specified thickness
'ince paint thickness is usually specified (or implied) as a minimum#
greater thickness that does not cause defects of appearance or functions
such as mud cracking# wrinkling# etc# is permitted unless otherwise
specified
d 'pecial 6otes
)ll of the above magnetic# if properly ad"usted and in good condition# are
inherently accurate to within L$&K of the true thickness of the coating
7uch larger# e?ternal errors may be caused by variations in method of use of
the gages or by unevenness of the surface of the substrate or of the coating
)lso# any other film present on the steel (rust or mill scale or even a blast cleaned
profile !one) will add to the apparent thickness of the applied paint film
,he surface of the paint and the probe of the gage must be free from dust#
grease and other foreign matter in order to obtain close contact of the probe with
the paint and also to avoid adhesion of the magnet ,he accuracy of the
measurement will be affected if the coating is tacky or e?cessively soft
,he magnetic gages are sensitive to geometrical discontinuities of the steel#
as at holes# corners or edges ,he sensitivity to edge effects and discontinuities
varies from gage to gage 7easurements closer than -&/ mm from the
discontinuity may not be valid unless the gage is calibrated specifically for that
location
7agnetic gage readings also may be affected by pro?imity to another mass of
steel close to the body of the gage# by surface curvature and presence of other
magnetic fields
)ll of the magnets or probe must be held perpendicular to the painted surface
to produce valid measurements
40:6:624 C-%!D+$
2pon completion and before final acceptance# the Contractor shall remove all falsework#
falsework piling down to at least A.%A mm below the finished ground line# e?cavated or unused
materials# rubbish and temporary buildings He shall replace or renew any fences damaged and
restored in an acceptable manner all property# both public and private# which may have been damaged
during the prosecution of the work and shall leave the work site and ad"acent highway in a neat and
presentable condition# satisfactory to the 1ngineer )ll e?cavated material or falsework placed in the
stream channel during construction shall be removed by the Contractor before final acceptance
40:64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
40:6468 U!'t B*'*
,he quantity of structural steel to be paid for shall be the number of kilos complete in place
and accepted 5or the purpose of measurement for payment components fabricated from metals listed
in ($) below# such as casting# alloy steels# steel plates# anchor bolts and nuts# shoes# rockers# rollers#
pins and nuts# e?pansion dams# roadway drains and souppers# welds metal# bolts embedded in concrete#
cradles and brackets# posts# conduits and ducts# and structural shapes for e?pansion "oints and pier
protection will be considered as structural steel
2nless otherwise provided# the mass of metal paid for shall be computed and based upon the
following mass<
$
2nit Density kg@m
B
)luminum# cast or rolled -EE$-
(ron!e or copper alloy J&J&%
Copper sheet J%BJB
+ron# cast E$-J-
+ron# malleable E&-JE
3ead# sheet $$--%
'teel# cast or rolled# including alloy copper bearing
and stainless
EJ/%
Vinc E-.JB
-
'hapes# Plates 0ailing and 5looring
,he mass of steel shapes and plates shall be computed on the basis of their nominal
mass and dimensions as shown on the approved shop drawings# deducting for copes# cuts
and open holes# e?clusive of rivets holes ,he mass of all plates shall be computed on the
basis of nominal dimensions with no additional for overrun
,he mass of railing shall be included as structural steel unless the (ill of Fuantities
contains as pay item for bridge railing under +tem /.$# 0ailings
,he mass of steel grid flooring shall be computed separately
B
Casting
,he mass of casting shall be computed from the dimensions shown on the approved
drawings# deducting for open holes ,o this mass will be added & percent allowable for fillets
and overruns 'cale mass may be substituted for computed mass in the case of castings of
small comple? parts for which accurate computations of mass would be difficult
/
7iscellaneous
,he mass of erection bolts# shop and field paint# galvani!ing the bo?es# crates and other
containers used for shipping# together with sills# struts# and rods used for supporting
members during the transportation# bridge hardware as defined in 'ubsection /.---
e?cluding steel plates and bearings# connectors used for "oining timber members# nails#
spikes and bolts# e?cept anchor bolts will be e?cluded
&
0ivets Heads
,he mass of all rivet heads# both files and shop# will be assumed as follows<
D'5%t%# )( #';%t
(55)
./ $%# 800 0%"*
$-E $J.
$&% B-.
$%. &//
--- J$A
-&/ $$J.
-JA $ABB
B$E -$J
A
HighC'trength (olts
HighCstrength steel bolts shall be considered for purpose of payment# the same as rivets
of the same diameter# with the mass of the bolt heads and nuts the same as the
corresponding rivet heads
E
Welds
,he mass of shop and field fillet welds shall be assumed as follows<
S'>% )( W%-"(55) ./ $%# -'!%# 5%t#%
AB .%J/
E% $-$B
%& $EE$
$-E -A%.
&% B%BA
$%. &BE%
--- EB$/
-&/ %EE/
,he mass of other welds will be computed on the basis of the theoretical volume from
dimensions of the welds# with an addition of &. mass percent as an allowance for overrun
J
4ther +tems
,he quantities of other Contract +tems which enter into the completed and accepted
structure shall be measured for payment in the manner prescribed for the +tems involved
40:6462 L+5$ S+5 B*'*
3ump sum will be the basis of payment unless noted otherwise in the bidding documents
6o measurements of quantities will be made e?cept as provided in 'ubsection /.B&$ (/)
40:6? B*'* )( P25%!t
40:6?68 St#+&t+#- St%%-
$ 5urnished# 5abricated and 1rected
,he quantity# determined as provided above# shall be paid for at the contract unit
price per kilogram for G'tructural 'teel# furnished# fabricated and erectedH# which price
and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing# galvani!ing# fabricating#
radiographing# magnetic particle inspection# delivering# erecting ready for use# and
painting all steel and other metal including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work# e?cept as provided in 'ubsections /.B&-# /.B&B
and /.B&/
- 5urnished and 5abricated
When a quantity and unit price for G'tructural 'teel# furnished and fabricatedH are
shown in the (ill of Fuantities# the quantity# determined as provided above# will be paid
for at the contract unit price per kilogram which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing# galvani!ing# fabricating# radiographing# magnet particle
inspection# shop painting and delivering the structural steel and other metal free of
charges at the place designated in the 'pecial Provisions and for all labor# equipment#
tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work# save erection and e?cept as
provided in 'ubsection /.B&-# /.B&B and /.B&/
B 1rected

When a quantity and unit price for G'tructural 'teel 1rectedH are shown in the (ill of
Fuantities# the quantity# determined as provided above# will be paid for at the said
contract unit price per kilogram which price and payment shall be full compensation for
unloading all the structural steel and other metal# payment of any demurrage charges#
transporting to the bridge site# erecting# magnetic particle inspection and radiographing#
complete ready for use including furnishing and applying the field paint including all
labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work# save furnishing
and fabrication# and e?cept as provided in 'ubsections /.B&-# /.B&B and /.B&/
/ 3ump 'um
When the (ill of Fuantities calls for lump sum price for G'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated and erectedH# the +tem will be paid for at the contract lump sum price and
payment shall be full compensation for furnishing# fabricating and erecting material and
for all work herein before prescribed in connection therewith# including all labor#
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work# e?cept as provided in
'ubsections /.B&-# /.B&B and /.B&/
,he estimate of the mass of structural steel shown on the Plans is appro?imate only
and no guarantee is made that it is the correct mass to be furnished 6o ad"ustment in
the contract price will be made if the mass furnished is more or less than estimated
mass
+f changes in the work are ordered by the 1ngineer# which vary the mass of steel to
be furnished# the lump sum payment shall be ad"usted as follows<
a ,he value per kilogram of the increase or decrease in mass of structural steel
involved in the change shall be determined by dividing the contract lump sum
amount by the estimate of mass shown on the Plans ,he ad"usted contract
lump sum payment shall be the contract lump sum plus or minus the value of the
steel involved in the change# and no additional compensation shall be made on
account of said change
b 5ullCsi!e members which are tested in accordance with the 'pecifications when
such tests are required by the Contract# shall be paid for at the same rate as for
comparable members in the structure 7embers which fail to meet the Contract
requirements# and members re"ected as a result of test shall not be paid for
40:6?62 Mt%#'- C)!*'"%#%" * St#+&t+#- St%%-
5or the purpose of 'ubsection /.B&$ and unless otherwise shown on the Plans# castings#
forgings# special alloy steels and steel plates# wrought iron# and structural shapes of e?pansion "oints and
pier protection shall be considered as structural steel e?cept that when quantities and unit price for
certain alloy steels# forgings# castings or other specific categories of metal are called for in the (ill of
Fuantities# the mass of such selected material# determined as provided above# shall be paid for at the
respective contract unit price per kilogram for G'tructural 'teel ()lloy steel# forgings# castings# and@or
other category)# furnished and fabricated# and erectedH or G'tructural 'teel ('ubsection /.B/$)#
furnished and fabricatedH as named in the (ill of Fuantities
40:6?6: Ot0%# It%5*
,he quantities of all other Contract +tems which enter into the completed and accepted
structure shall be paid for at the contract unit prices for the several Pay +tems as prescribed for the +tems
involved
40:6?64 P25%!t * R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
When the (ill of Fuantities does not contain a pay item for structural steel# the quantities of
metal drains# scuppers# conduits# ducts and structural shapes for e?pansion "oints and pier protection#
measured as provided above will be paid for as 0einforcing 'teel under +tem /./
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.B ($) 'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated and erected kilogram
/.B (-) 'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated and erected kilogram
/.B (B) 'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated kilogram
/.B (/) 'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated kilogram
/.B (&) 'tructural 'teel erected kilogram
/.B (A) 'tructural 'teel erected kilogram
/.B (E) 'tructural 'teel# furnished#
fabricated and erected kilogram
Where separate payment is to be made for certain metals or for certain particular
components# other than under the general provision for structural steel# designation of those particular
cases shall be inserted in the spaces provided in the pay names for +tem /.B (-)# /.B (/) or /.B (A)# as
the case may be
ITEM 404 7 REINFORCING STEEL
40468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing# bending# fabricating and placing of steel reinforcement of
the type# si!e# shape and grade required in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the
requirements shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
40462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
0einforcing steel shall meet the requirements of item E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
4646: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4046:68 O#"%# L'*t*
(efore materials are ordered# all order lists and bending diagrams shall be furnished by the
Contractor# for approval of the 1ngineer ,he approval of order lists and bending diagrams by the
1ngineer shall in no way relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the correctness of such lists and
diagrams )ny e?pense incident to the revisions of materials furnished in accordance with such lists and
diagrams to make them comply with the Plans shall be borne by the Contractor
4046:62 P#)t%&t')! )( Mt%#'-
'teel reinforcement shall be stored above the surface of the ground upon platforms# skids# or
other supports and shall be protected as far as practicable from mechanical in"ury and surface
deterioration caused by e?posure to conditions producing rust When placed in the work# reinforcement
shall be free from dirt# detrimental rust# loose scale# paint# grease# oil# or other foreign materials
0einforcement shall be free from in"urious defects such as cracks and laminations 0ust# surface seams#
surface irregularities or mill scale will not be cause for re"ection# provided the minimum dimensions# cross
sectional area and tensile properties of a hand wire brushed specimen meets the physical requirements
for the si!e and grade of steel specified
4046:6: B%!"'!/
)ll reinforcing bars requiring bending shall be coldCbent to the shapes shown on the Plans or
required by the 1ngineer (ars shall be bent around a circular pin having the following diameters (D) in
relation to the diameter of the bar (d)<
6ominal diameter# d# mm Pin diameter (D)
$. to -.
-& to -J
B- and greater
Ad
Jd
$.d
(ends and hooks in stirrups or ties may be bent to the diameter of the principal bar enclosed
therein
4046:64 P-&'!/ !" F*t%!'!/
)ll steel reinforcement shall be accurately placed in the position shown on the Plans or
required by the 1ngineer and firmly held there during the placing and setting of the concrete (ars shall
be tied at all intersections e?cept where spacing is less than B..mm in each directions# in which case#
alternate intersections shall be tied ,ies shall be fastened on the inside
Distance from the forms shall be maintained by means of stays# blocks# ties# hangers# or
other approved supports# so that it does not vary from the position indicated on the Plans by more than
Amm (locks for holding reinforcement from contact with the forms shall be precast mortar blocks of
approved shapes and dimensions 3ayers of bars shall be separated by precast mortar blocks or by
other equally suitable devices ,he use of pebbles# pieces of broken stone or brick# metal pipe and
wooden blocks shall not be permitted 2nless otherwise shown on the Plans or required by the
1ngineer# the minimum distance between bars shall be /.mm 0einforcement in any member shall be
placed and then inspected and approved by the 1ngineer before the placing of concrete begins
Concrete placed in violation of this provision may be re"ected and removal may be required +f fabric
reinforcement is shipped in rolls# it shall be straightened before being placed (undled bars shall be tied
together at not more than $Jm intervals
4046:6? S$-'&'!/
)ll reinforcement shall be furnished in the full lengths indicated on the Plans 'plicing of
bars# e?cept where shown on the Plans# will not be permitted without the written approval of the
1ngineer 'plices shall be staggered as far as possible and with a minimum separation of not less than
/. bar diameters 6ot more than oneCthird of the bars may be spliced in the same crossCsection# e?cept
where shown on the Plans
2nless otherwise shown on the Plans# bars shall be lapped a minimum distance of<
'plice ,ype 9rade /. min lap 9rade A. min
lap
(ut not less than
,ension -/ bar dia BA bar dia B.. mm
Compression -. bar dia -/ bar dia B.. mm
+n lapped splices# the bars shall be placed in contact and wired together 3apped splices will
not be permitted at locations where the concrete section is insufficient to provide minimum clear distance
of one and oneCthird the ma?imum si!e of coarse aggregate between the splice and the nearest ad"acent
bar Welding of reinforcing steel shall be done only if detailed on the Plans or if authori!ed by the
1ngineer in writing 'piral reinforcement shall be spliced by lapping at least one and a half turns or by
butt welding unless otherwise shown on the Plans
4046:6@ L$$'!/ )( B# Mt
'heets of mesh or bar mat reinforcement shall overlap each other sufficiently to maintain a
uniform strength and shall be securely fastened at the ends and edges ,he overlap shall not be less
than one mesh in width
40464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of reinforcing steel to be paid for will be the final quantity placed and accepted in
the completed structure
6o allowance will be made for tieCwires# separators# wire chairs and other material used in
fastening the reinforcing steel in place +f bars are substituted upon the ContractorDs request and
approved by the 1ngineer and as a result thereof more steel is used than specified# only the mass
specified shall be measured for payment
6o measurement or payment will be made for splices added by the Contractor unless
directed or approved by the 1ngineer
When there is no item for reinforcing steel in the (ill of Fuantities# costs will be considered as
incidental to the other items in the (ill of Fuantities
4046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection /.//# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for 0einforcing 'teel which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing
and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/./ 0einforcing 'teel 8ilogram
ITEM 40? 7 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
40?68 D%*&#'$t')!
40?6868 S&)$%
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing# bending# placing and finishing concrete in all structures
e?cept pavements in accordance with this 'pecification and conforming to the lines# grades# and
dimensions shown on the Plans Concrete shall consist of a mi?ture of Portland Cement# fine aggregate#
coarse aggregate# admi?ture when specified# and water mi?ed in the proportions specified or approved
by the 1ngineer
40?6862 C-**%* !" U*%* )( C)!&#%t%
5ive classes of concrete are provided for in this +tem# namely< )# (# C# P and 'eal 1ach
class shall be used in that part of the structure as called for on the Plans
,he classes of concrete will generally be used as follows<
Class ) = )ll superstructures and heavily reinforced substructures ,he important parts of the
structure included are slabs# beams# girders# columns# arch ribs# bo? culverts# reinforced abutments#
retaining walls# and reinforced footings
Class ( = 5ootings# pedestals# massive pier shafts# pipe bedding# and gravity walls#
unreinforced or with only a small amount of reinforcement
Class C = ,hin reinforced sections# railings# precast 0C piles and cribbing and for filler in
steel grid floors
Class P = Prestressed concrete structures and members

'eal = Concrete deposited in water
40?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
40?6268 P)#t-!" C%5%!t
+t shall conform to all the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-$
40?6262 F'!% A//#%/t%
+t shall conform to all the requirements of 'ubsection B$$--
40?626: C)#*% A//#%/t%
+t shall conform all the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-B e?cept that gradation shall
conform to ,able /.&$
,able /.&$ = 9rading 0equirements for Coarse )ggregate
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard
7m
)lternate
2' 'tandard
Class
)
Class
(
Class
C
Class
P
Class
'eal
AB
&.
BE&
-&
$%.
$-&
%&
/E&
-C$@-H
-H
$C$@-H
$H
NH
OH
B@JH
6o/
$..
%& = $..
C
B& = E.
C
$. = B.
. C &
$..
%& = $..
C
B& = E.
C
$. = B.
C
. C &
$..
%. = $..
/. = E.
. = $&R
$..
%& = $..
C
-. = &&
. = $.R
$..
%& = $..
C
-& = A.
C
. = $.R
R ,he measured cement content shall be within plus (L) or minus (C) - mass percent of the design
cement content
40?6264 Wt%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-/
40?626? R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
40?626@ A"5'<t+#%*
)dmi?tures shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-E
40?626A C+#'!/ Mt%#'-*
Curing materials shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-J
40?626B E<$!*')! F)'!t Mt%#'-*
1?pansion "oint materials shall be<
$ Preformed 'ponge 0ubber and Cork# conforming to ))'H,4 7 $&B
- HotCPoured 1lastic ,ype# conforming to ))'H,4 7 $EB
B Preformed 5illers# conforming to ))'H,4 7 -$B
40?626C E-*t)5%#'& C)5$#%**')! F)'!t S%-*
,hese shall conform to ))'H,4 7 --.
40?62680 E-*t)5%#'& B%#'!/ P"*
,hese shall conform to ))'H,4 7 -&$ or +tem /$- = 1lastomeric (earing Pads
40?62688 St)#/% )( C%5%!t !" A//#%/t%*
'torage of cement and aggregates shall conform to all the requirements of 'ubsection
B$$-$.
40?6: S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/ )( St#+&t+#- C)!&#%t%
)s work progresses# at least one ($) sample consisting of three (B) concrete cylinder test
specimens# $&. ? B..mm (A ? $- inches)# shall be taken from each seventy five (E&) cubic meters of
each class of concrete or fraction thereof placed each day
Compliance with the requirements of this 'ection shall be determined in accordance with the
following standard methods of ))'H,4<
'ampling of fresh concrete
Weight per cubic metre and air content (graviC
7etric) of concrete
'ieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates
'lump of Portland Cement Concrete
'pecific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate
, $/$
, $-$
, -E
, $$%
, J/
,ests for strength shall be made in accordance with the following<
7aking and curing concrete compressive and
fle?ural tests specimens in the field
Compressive strength of molded concrete
Cylinders
, -B
, --
40?64 P#)"+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
40?6468 P#)$)#t')!'!/ !" St#%!/t0 )( St#+&t+#- C)!&#%t%
,he concrete materials shall be proportioned in accordance with the requirements for each
class of concrete as specified in ,able /.&-# using the absolute volume method as outlined in the
)merican Concrete +nstitute ()C+) 'tandard -$$$ G0ecommended Practice for 'electing Proportions for
6ormal and Heavyweight ConcreteH 4ther methods of proportioning may be employed in the mi? design
with prior approval of the 1ngineer ,he mi? shall either be designed or approved by the 1ngineer )
change in the source of materials during the progress of work may necessitate a new mi? design
,he strength requirements for each class of concrete shall be as specified in ,able /.&-
,able /.&- C Composition and 'trength of Concrete for 2se in 'tructures
7inimum 7a?imum Consistency Designated 7inimum
Class
4f
Concre
te
Cement
Content
Per m
B
kg
(bagRR)
Water@
Cement
0atio
kg@kg
0ange in
'lump
mm (inch)
'i!e of Coarse
)ggregate
'quare 4pening
'td mm
Compressive
'trength of
$&.?B..mm
Concrete
Cylinder
'pecimen at
-J days#
76@m
-
(psi)
)
(
C
P
'eal
BA.
(% bags)
B-.
(J bags)
BJ.
(%& bags)
//.
($$ bags)
BJ.
(%& bags)
.&B
.&J
.&&
./%
.&J
&. = $..
(- = /)
&. = $..
(- = /)
&. = $..
(- = /)
$.. ma?
(/ ma?)
$.. = -..
(/ C J)
BE& = /E&
($C$@-H = 6o /)
&. = /E&
(-H = 6o /)
$-& = /E&
($@-H = 6o /)
$%. = /E&
(B@/H = 6o /)
-& = /E&
($H = 6o /)
-.E
(B...)
$A&
(-/..)
-.E
(B...)
BEE
(&...)
-.E
(B...)
R ,he measured cement content shall be within plus or minus - mass percent of the design
cement content
RR (ased on /. kg@bag
40?6462 C)!*'*t%!&2
Concrete shall have a consistency such that it will be workable in the required position +t
shall be of such a consistency that it will flow around reinforcing steel but individual particles of the
coarse aggregate when isolated shall show a coating of mortar containing its proportionate amount of
sand ,he consistency of concrete shall be gauged by the ability of the equipment to properly place it
and not by the difficulty in mi?ing and transporting ,he quantity of mi?ing water shall be determined by
the 1ngineer and shall not be varied without his consent Concrete as dry as it is practical to place with
the equipment specified shall be used
40?646: Bt&0'!/
7easuring and batching of materials shall be done at a batching plant
$ Portland Cement
1ither sacked or bulk cement may be used 6o fraction of a sack of cement shall
be used in a batch of concrete unless the cement is weighed )ll bulk cement shall be
weighed on an approved weighing device ,he bulk cement weighing hopper shall be
properly sealed and vented to preclude dusting operation ,he discharge chute shall
not be suspended from the weighing hopper and shall be so arranged that cement will
neither be lodged in it nor leak from it
)ccuracy of batching shall be within plus (L) or minus (C) $ mass percent
- Water
Water may be measured either by volume or by weight ,he accuracy of
measuring the water shall be within a range of error of not more than $ percent
B )ggregates
'tockpiling of aggregates shall be in accordance with 'ubsection B$$-$. )ll
aggregates whether produced or handled by hydraulic methods or washed# shall be
stockpiled or binned for draining for at least $- hours prior to batching 0ail shipment
requiring more than$- hours will be accepted as adequate binning only if the car bodies
permit free drainage +f the aggregates contain high or nonCuniform moisture content#
storage or stockpile period in e?cess of $- hours may be required by the 1ngineer
(atching shall be conducted as to result in a - mass percent ma?imum tolerance
for the required materials
/ (ins and 'cales
,he batching plant shall include separate bins for bulk cement# fine aggregate
and for each si!e of coarse aggregate# a weighing hopper# and scales capable of
determining accurately the mass of each component of the batch
'cales shall be accurate to oneChalf (.&) percent throughout the range used
& (atching
When batches are hauled to the mi?er# bulk cement shall be transported either in
waterproof compartments or between the fine and coarse aggregate When cement is
placed in contact with moist aggregates# batches will be re"ected unless mi?ed within $C
$@- hours of such contact 'acked cement may be transported on top of the
aggregates
(atches shall be delivered to the mi?er separate and intact 1ach batch shall be
dumped cleanly into the mi?er without loss# and# when more than one batch is carried
on the truck# without spilling of material from one batch compartment into another
A )dmi?tures
,he Contractor shall follow an approved procedure for adding the specified
amount of admi?ture to each batch and will be responsible for its uniform operation
during the progress of the work He shall provide separate scales for the admi?tures
which are to be proportioned by weight# and accurate measures for those to be
proportioned by volume )dmi?tures shall be measured into the mi?er with an accuracy
of plus or minus three (B) percent
,he use of Calcium Chloride as an admi?ture will not be permitted
40?6464 M'<'!/ !" D%-';%#2
Concrete may be mi?ed at the site of construction# at a central point or by a combination of
central point and truck mi?ing or by a combination of central point mi?ing and truck agitating 7i?ing and
delivery of concrete shall be in accordance with the appropriate requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&E
e?cept as modified in the following paragraphs of this section# for truck mi?ing or a combination of
central point and truck mi?ing or truck agitating Delivery of concrete shall be regulated so that placing is
at a continuous rate unless delayed by the placing operations ,he intervals between delivery of batches
shall not be so great as to allow the concrete inplace to harden partially# and in no case shall such an
interval e?ceed B. minutes
+n e?ceptional cases and when volumetric measurements are authori!ed# for small pro"ect
requiring less than E& cum per day of pouring# the weight proportions shall be converted to equivalent
volumetric proportions +n such cases# suitable allowance shall be made for variations in the moisture
condition of the aggregates# including the bulking effect in the fine aggregate (atching and mi?ing shall
be in accordance with )',7 C AJ&# 'ection A through %
Concrete mi?ing# by chute is allowed provided that a weighing scales for
determining the batch weight will be used
5or batch mi?ing at the site of construction or at a central point# a batch mi?er of an approved
type shall be used 7i?er having a rated capacity of less than a oneCbag batch shall not be used ,he
volume of concrete mi?ed per batch shall not e?ceed the mi?erDs nominal capacity as shown on the
manufacturerDs standard rating plate on the mi?er e?cept that an overload up to $. percent above the
mi?erDs nominal capacity may be permitted# provided concrete test data for strength# segregation# and
uniform consistency are satisfactory and provided no spillage of concrete takes place ,he batch shall
be so charge into the drum that a portion of the water shall enter in advance of the cement and
aggregates ,he flow of water shall be uniform and all water shall be in the drum by the end of the first
$& seconds of the mi?ing period 7i?ing time shall be measured from the time all materials# e?cept
water# are in the drum 7i?ing time shall not be less than A. seconds for mi?ers having a capacity of
$&m
B
or less 5or mi?ers having a capacity greater than $&m
B
# the mi?ing time shall not be less than %.
seconds +f timing starts# the instant the skip reaches its ma?imum raised position# / seconds shall be
added to the specified mi?ing time 7i?ing time ends when the discharge chute opens
,he mi?er shall be operated at the drum speed as shown on the manufacturerDs name plate
on the mi?er )ny concrete mi?ed less than the specified time shall be discarded and disposed off by the
Contractor at his own e?penses
,he timing device on stationary mi?ers shall be equipped with a bell or other suitable warning
device ad"usted to give a clearly audible signal each time the lock is released +n case of failure of the
timing device# the Contractor will be permitted to continue operations while it is being repaired# provided
he furnishes an approved timepiece equipped with minute and second hands +f the timing device is not
placed in good working order within -/ hours# further use of the mi?er will be prohibited until repairs are
made
0etempering concrete will not be permitted )dmi?tures for increasing the workability# for
retarding the set# or for accelerating the set or improving the pumping characteristics of the concrete will
be permitted only when specifically provided for in the Contract# or authori!ed in writing by the 1ngineer
$ 7i?ing Concrete< 9eneral
Concrete shall be thoroughly mi?ed in a mi?er of an approved si!e and type that
will insure a uniform distribution of the materials throughout the mass
)ll concrete shall be mi?ed in mechanically operated mi?ers 7i?ing plant and
equipment for transporting and placing concrete shall be arranged with an ample
au?iliary installation to provide a minimum supply of concrete in case of breakdown of
machinery or in case the normal supply of concrete is disrupted ,he au?iliary supply of
concrete shall be sufficient to complete the casting of a section up to a construction
"oint that will meet the approval of the 1ngineer
1quipment having components made of aluminum or magnesium alloys# which
would have contact with plastic concrete during mi?ing# transporting or pumping of
Portland Cement concrete# shall not be used
Concrete mi?ers shall be equipped with adequate water storage and a device of
accurately measuring and automatically controlling the amount of water used
7aterials shall be measured by weighing ,he apparatus provided for weighing
the aggregates and cement shall be suitably designed and constructed for this purpose
,he accuracy of all weighing devices e?cept that for water shall be such that
successive quantities can be measured to within one percent of the desired amounts
,he water measuring device shall be accurate to plus or minus .& mass percent )ll
measuring devices shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer 'cales and
measuring devices shall be tested at the e?pense of the Contractor as frequently as the
1ngineer may deem necessary to insure their accuracy
Weighing equipment shall be insulated against vibration or movement of other
operating equipment in the plant When the entire plant is running# the scale reading at
cutCoff shall not vary from the weight designated by the 1ngineer more than one mass
percent for cement# $C$@- mass percent for any si!e of aggregate# or one ($) mass
percent for the total aggregate in any batch
- 7i?ing Concrete at 'ite
Concrete mi?ers may be of the revolving drum or the revolving blade type and the
mi?ing drum or blades shall be operated uniformly at the mi?ing speed recommended
by the manufacturer ,he pickCup and throwCover blades of mi?ers shall be restored or
replaced when any part or section is worn -.mm or more below the original height of
the manufacturerDs design 7i?ers and agitators which have an accumulation of hard
concrete or mortar shall not be used
When bulk cement is used and volume of the batch is .&m
B
or more# the scale
and weigh hopper for Portland Cement shall be separate and distinct from the
aggregate hopper or hoppers ,he discharge mechanism of the bulk cement weigh
hopper shall be interlocked against opening before the full amount of cement is in the
hopper ,he discharging mechanism shall also be interlocked against opening when
the amount of cement in the hopper is underweight by more than one ($) mass percent
or overweight by more than B mass percent of the amount specified
When the aggregate contains more water than the quantity necessary to produce
a saturated surface dry condition# representative samples shall be taken and the
moisture content determined for each kind of aggregate
,he batch shall be so charged into the mi?er that some water will enter in
advance of cement and aggregate )ll water shall be in the drum by the end of the first
quarter of the specified mi?ing time
Cement shall be batched and charged into the mi?er so that it will not result in
loss of cement due to the effect of wind# or in accumulation of cement on surface of
conveyors or hoppers# or in other conditions which reduce or vary the required quantity
of cement in the concrete mi?ture
,he entire content of a batch mi?er shall be removed from the drum before
materials for a succeeding batch are placed therein ,he materials composing a batch
e?cept water shall be deposited simultaneously into the mi?er
)ll concrete shall be mi?ed for a period of not less than $C$@- minutes after all
materials# including water# are in the mi?er During the period of mi?ing# the mi?er shall
operate at the speed for which it has been designed
7i?ers shall be operated with an automatic timing device that can be locked by
the 1ngineer ,he time device and discharge mechanics shall be so interlocked that
during normal operation no part of the batch will be charged until the specified mi?ing
time has elapsed
,he first batch of concrete materials placed in the mi?er shall contain a sufficient
e?cess of cement# sand# and water to coat inside of the drum without reducing the
required mortar content of the mi? When mi?ing is to cease for a period of one hour or
more# the mi?er shall be thoroughly cleaned
B 7i?ing Concrete at Central Plant
7i?ing at central plant shall conform to the requirements for mi?ing at the site
/ 7i?ing Concrete in ,ruck
,ruck mi?ers# unless otherwise authori!ed by the 1ngineer# shall be of the
revolving drum type# waterCtight# and so constructed that the concrete can be mi?ed to
insure a uniform distribution of materials throughout the mass )ll solid materials for the
concrete shall be accurately measured and charged into the drum at the proportioning
plant 1?cept as subsequently provided# the truck mi?er shall be equipped with a
device by which the quantity of water added can be readily verified ,he mi?ing water
may be added directly to the batch# in which case a tank is not required ,ruck mi?ers
may be required to be provided with a means of which the mi?ing time can be readily
verified by the 1ngineer
,he ma?imum si!e of batch in truck mi?ers shall not e?ceed the minimum rated
capacity of the mi?er as stated by the manufacturer and stamped in metal on the mi?er
,ruck mi?ing# shall# unless otherCwise directed be continued for not less than $..
revolutions after all ingredients# including water# are in the drum ,he mi?ing speed
shall not be less than / rpm# nor more than A rpm
7i?ing shall begin within B. minutes after the cement has been added either to
the water or aggregate# but when cement is charged into a mi?er drum containing water
or surface wet aggregate and when the temperature is above B-
o
C# this limit shall be
reduced to $& minutes ,he limitation in time between the introduction of the cement to
the aggregate and the beginning of the mi?ing may be waived when# in the "udgement
of the 1ngineer# the aggregate is sufficiently free from moisture# so that there will be no
harmful effects on the cement
When a truck mi?er is used for transportation# the mi?ing time specified in
'ubsection /.&// (B) at a stationary mi?er may be reduced to B. seconds and the
mi?ing completed in a truck mi?er ,he mi?ing time in the truck mi?er shall be as
specified for truck mi?ing
& ,ransporting 7i?ed Concrete
7i?ed concrete may only be transported to the delivery point in truck agitators or
truck mi?ers operating at the speed designated by the manufacturers of the equipment
as agitating speed# or in nonCagitating hauling equipment# provided the consistency and
workability of the mi?ed concrete upon discharge at the delivery point is suitable point
for adequate placement and consolidation in place
,ruck agitators shall be loaded not to e?ceed the manufacturerDs guaranteed
capacity ,hey shall maintain the mi?ed concrete in a thoroughly mi?ed and uniform
mass during hauling
6o additional mi?ing water shall be incorporated into the concrete during hauling
or after arrival at the delivery point
,he rate of discharge of mi?ed concrete from truck mi?ers or agitators shall be
controlled by the speed of rotation of the drum in the discharge direction with the
discharge gate fully open
When a truck mi?er or agitator is used for transporting concrete to the delivery
point# discharge shall be completed within one hour# or before -&. revolutions of the
drum or blades# whichever comes first# after the introduction of the cement to the
aggregates 2nder conditions contributing to quick stiffening of the concrete or when
the temperature of the concrete is B.
o
C# or above# a time less than one hour will be
required
A Delivery of 7i?ed Concrete
,he Contractor shall have sufficient plant capacity and transportation apparatus to
insure continuous delivery at the rate required ,he rate of delivery of concrete during
concreting operations shall be such as to provide for the proper handling# placing and
finishing of the concrete ,he rate shall be such that the interval between batches shall
not e?ceed -. minutes ,he methods of delivering and handling the concrete shall be
such as will facilitate placing of the minimum handling
40?6? M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of structural concrete to be paid for will be the final quantity placed and accepted
in the completed structure 6o deduction will be made for the volume occupied by pipe less than $..mm
(/ inches) in diameter or by reinforcing steel# anchors# conduits# weep holes or e?pansion "oint materials
40?6@ B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection /.&&# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the Pay +tem listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities
Payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing# placing and finishing concrete
including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in the
item
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.& ($) 'tructural Concrete# Class ) Cubic 7eter
/.& (-)
/.& (B)
/.& (/)
/.& (&)
'tructural Concrete# Class (
'tructural Concrete# Class C
'tructural Concrete# Class P
'eal Concrete
Cubic 7eter
Cubic 7eter
Cubic 7eter
Cubic 7eter
ITEM 40@ 7 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
40@68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of prestressed concrete structures and the prestressed concrete
portions of composite structures# constructed in reasonably close conformity with the lines# grades and
dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the 1ngineer and in accordance with this 'pecification
+t shall also include the furnishing and installing of any appurtenant items necessary for the particular
prestressing system to be used# including but not limited to ducts# anchorage assemblies and grouts
used for pressure grouting ducts
40@62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
40@6268 C)!&#%t% !" G#)+t
,he materials for concrete and grout shall conform to +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete ,he
concrete shall be Class P as shown in ,able /.&-# unless otherwise shown on the Plans or specified in
the 'pecial Provisions ,he proportions of the grout will be as set out in 'ubsection /.AB$$# (onding
'teel
40@6262 P#%*t#%**'!/ R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
+t shall conform to +tem E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
40@626: P#%*t#%**'!/ St%%-
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
)ll prestressing steel shall be protected against physical damage and rust or other results of
corrosion at all times from manufacture to grouting Prestressing steel that has sustained physical
damage at any time shall be re"ected
40@6264 P&./'!/3 St)#'!/ !" S0'$$'!/
Prestressing steel shall be packaged in containers or other shipping forms for the protection
of the steel against physical damage and corrosion during shipping and storage ) corrosion inhibitor
which prevents rust or other results of corrosion shall be placed in the package or form# or when
permitted by the 1ngineer# may be applied directly to the steel ,he corrosion inhibitor shall have no
deleterious effect on the steel or concrete or bond strength of concrete to steel Packaging or forms
damaged from any cause shall be immediately replaced or restored to original condition
,his shipping package or form shall be clearly marked with a statement that the package
contains highCstrength prestressing steel and the care to be used in handling# and the type# kind and
amount of corrosion inhibitor used# including the date when placed# safety orders and instructions for
use
40@626? E-*t)5%#'& B%#'!/ P"*
,his shall conform to +tem /$-# 1lastomeric (earing Pads
40@626@ Wt%#
+t shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection B$$-/# Water
40@626A E!&-)*+#%*
Duct enclosures for prestressing steel shall be galvani!ed ferrous metal or of a type approved
by the 1ngineer# mortartight and accurately placed at the locations shown on the Plans or approved by
the 1ngineer ,ransition couplings connecting said ducts to anchoring devices need not be galvani!ed
40@626B S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/
)ll wire# strand# anchorage assemblies or bars to be shipped to the site shall be assigned a
lot number and tagged for identification purposes
)ll samples submitted shall be representative of the lot to be furnished and in the case of wire
or strand# shall be taken from the same master roll
)ll of the materials specified for testing shall be furnished free of cost and shall be delivered
in time for tests to be made well in advance of anticipated time of use
,he Contractor shall furnish for testing the following samples selected from each lot# if
ordered by the 1ngineer ,he selection of samples will be made at the manufacturerDs plant by the
1ngineer or his representative
$ 5or pretensioning workCsamples at least - m long shall be furnished of each si!e of
wire or strand proposed
- 5or postCtensioning workCsamples of the following lengths shall be furnished of each
si!e of wire proposed
a 5or wire requiring heading# - m
b 5or wires not requiring heading# sufficient length to make up one parallelClay
cable of $&. m long consisting of the same number of wires as the cable to
be furnished
c 5or strand to be furnished with fittings# $&. m between near ends of fittings
d 5or bars to be furnished with thread ends and nuts# $& m between threads
at ends
B )nchorage assemblies = +f anchorage assemblies are not attached to reinforcement
samples# two (-) anchorage assemblies shall be furnished# completed with distribution
plates of each si!e and type to be used
When prestressing system has been previously tested and approved for similar pro"ects by
an agency acceptable to the 1ngineer# complete tendon samples need not be furnished# provided there
is no change whatsoever in the materials# design or details previously approved
40@6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
40@6:68 G%!%#-
Prestressed concrete structural members shall be constructed in accordance with the
requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete and 0einforcing 'teel shall be placed in accordance with
the requirements of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel# sub"ect to the modifications and amendments contained
herein
40@6:62 P#%*t#%**'!/ M%t0)"
,he method of prestressing to be used shall be optional with the Contractor sub"ect to all
requirements hereinafter specified
,he Contractor# prior to casting any members to be prestressed# shall submit to the 1ngineer
for approval complete details of the methods# materials and equipment he proposes to use in the
prestressing operations 'uch details shall outline the method and sequence of stressing# complete
specifications and details of the prestressing# steel and anchoring devices proposed for use# anchoring
stresses# type of enclosures and all other data pertaining to the prestressing operations# including the
proposed arrangement of the prestressing units in the members# pressure grouting materials and
equipment
40@6:6: P#%*t#%**'!/ E9+'$5%!t
Hydraulic "acks used to stress tendons shall be equipped with either a pressure gauge or a
load cell for determining the "acking stress ,he pressure gauge# if used# shall have an accurate reading
dial at least $&/ mm (A inches) in diameter and each "ack and its gauge shall be calibrated as a unit with
the cylinder e?tension in the appro?imate position that it will be at final "acking force# and shall be
accompanied by a certified calibration chart ,he load cell# if used# shall be calibrated and shall be
provided with an indicator by means of which the prestressing force in the tendon may be determined
,he range of the load cell shall be such that the lower ten ($.) percent of the manufacturerDs rated
capacity will not be used in determining the "acking stress
'afety measures shall be taken by the Contractor to prevent accidents due to possible
breaking of the prestressing steel or the slipping of the grips during the prestressing process
40@6:64 C*t'!/ Y#"
,he precasting of prestressed concrete structural members may be done at a location
selected by the Contractor# sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
40@6:6? P-&'!/ E!&-)*+#%*
1nclosures for prestressed reinforcement shall be accurately placed at locations shown on
the Plans or approved by the 1ngineer
40@6:6@ P-&'!/ St%%-
'teel units shall be accurately placed at the position shown on the Plans and firmly held
during the placing and setting of the concrete
Ducts may be fabricated with either welded or interlocked seams 9alvani!ing of the welded
steel will not be required Ducts shall have sufficient strength to maintain their correct alignment and
shape during placing of concrete ;oints between sections of ducts shall be positive metallic connections
which do not result in angle changes at the "oints Waterproof tape shall be used at the connections
)ll ducts or anchorage assemblies shall be provided with pipes or other suitable connections
for the in"ection of grout after prestressing
Ducts for prestressing steel shall be securely fastened in place to prevent movement
)fter installation in the forms# the end of ducts shall at all times be covered as necessary to
prevent the entry of water of debris
)ll ducts for continuous structures shall be vented over each intermediate support# and at
additional locations as shown on the Plans *ents shall be $-E mm ($@- inch) minimum diameter
standard pipe Connections to ducts shall be made with metallic structural fasteners ,he vents shall be
mortar tight# taped as necessary# and shall provide means for in"ection of grout through the vents and for
sealing the vents 1nds of vents shall be removed -&/ mm ($ inch) below the roadway surface after
grouting has been completed
Distances from the forms shall be maintained by stays# blocks# ties# hangers or other
approved supports (locks for holding units from contact with the forms shall be precast mortar blocks of
approved shape and dimensions 3ayers of units shall be separated by mortar blocks or other equally
suitable devices Wooden blocks shall not be left in the concrete
When acceptable prestressing steel for postCtensioning is installed in ducts after completion
of concrete curing# and if stressing and grouting are completed within ten ($.) calendar days after the
installation of the prestressing steel# rust which may form during said ten ($.) days will not be caused for
re"ection of the steel Prestressing steel# installed# tensioned and grouted in this manner# all within ten
($.) calendar days# shall be sub"ect to all the requirements in this +tem pertaining to corrosion protection
and re"ection because of rust
6o welds or grounds for welding equipment shall be made on the forms or on the steel in the
manner after the prestressing steel has been installed
Wires# wire groups# parallelClay cables and any other prestressing elements shall be
straightened to insure proper positioning in the enclosures
'uitable hori!ontal and vertical spacers shall be provided# if required# to hold the wires in
place in true position in the enclosures
40@6:6A P#%t%!*')!'!/
,he prestressing elements shall be accurately held in position and stressed by "acks )
record shall be kept of the "acking force and the elongations produced thereby 'everal units may be
cast in one continuous line and stressed at one time 'ufficient space shall be left between ends of units
to permit access for cutting after the concrete has attained the required strength 6o bond stress shall
be transferred to the concrete# nor end anchorages released until the concrete has attained a
compressive strength# as shown by cylinder tests# of at least -J 7Pa unless otherwise specified ,he
elements shall be cut or released in such an order that lateral eccentricity or prestress will be a minimum
40@6:6B P-&'!/ C)!&#%t%
Concrete shall not be deposited in the forms until the 1ngineer has inspected the placing of
the reinforcement# enclosures# anchorages and prestressing steel and given his approval thereof ,he
concrete shall be vibrated with care and in such a manner as to avoid displacement of reinforcement#
conduits# or wires
Prior to placing concrete# the Contractor shall demonstrate to the 1ngineer that all ducts are
unobstructed
40@6:6C C+#'!/
'team curing process may be used as an alternative to water curing ,he casting bed for
any unit cured with steam shall be completely enclosed by a suitable type of housing# tightly constructed
so as to prevent the escape of steam and simultaneously e?clude outside atmosphere ,wo to four
hours after placing concrete and after the concrete has undergone initial set# the first application of steam
or radiant heat shall be made unless retarders are used# in which case the waiting period before
application of the steam or radiant heat shall be increased to from four to si? hours
During the waiting period# the temperature within the curing chamber shall not be less than
$..
o
C (&.
o
5) and live steam or radiant heat may be used to maintain the curing chamber at the proper
minimum temperature ,he steam shall be at $.. percent relative humidity to prevent loss of moisture
and to provide moisture for proper hydration of the cement )pplication of the steam shall not be directly
on the concrete During application of the steam# or of radiant heat# the ambient air temperature shall
increase at a rate not to e?ceed //$
o
C per hour until the curing temperature is reached ,he ma?imum
curing temperature within the enclosure shall not e?ceed E$$
o
C ,he ma?imum temperature shall be
held until the concrete has reached the desired strength Detensioning shall be accomplished
immediately after the steam curing or the heat curing has been discontinued and additional curing is not
required after detensioning
$ Curing with 3ow Pressure 'team
)pplication of live steam shall not be directed on the concrete forms as to cause locali!ed
high temperatures
- Curing with 0adiant Heat
0adiant heat may be applied by means of pipes circulating steam# hot oil or hot water# or by
electric heating elements 0adiant heat curing shall be done under a suitable enclosure to contain the
heat and moisture loss shall be minimi!ed by covering all e?posed concrete surfaces with plastic
sheeting or by applying an approved liquid membrane curing compound to all e?posed concrete
surfaces ,op surface of concrete members to be used in composite construction shall be clear of
residue of the membrane curing compound so as not to reduce bond below design limits
+f the Contractor proposes to cure by any other special method# the method and its details
shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
40@6:680 P)*tDt%!*')!'!/
,ensioning of the prestressing reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests on concrete
cylinders# manufactured of the same concrete and cured under the same conditions# indicate that the
concrete of the particular member to be prestressed has attained compressive strength of at least -J
7Pa unless otherwise specified
)fter all concrete has attained the required strength# the prestressing reinforcement shall be
stressed by means of "acks to the desired tension and the stress transferred to the end anchorage
CastCinCplace concrete shall not be postCtensioned until at least ten ($.) days after the last
concrete has been placed in the member to be the postCtensioned and until the compressive strength of
said placed concrete has reached the strength specified for the concrete at the time of stressing
)ll side forms for girders shall be removed before postCtensioning ,he falsework under the
bottom slab supporting the superstructure shall not be released until a minimum of /J hours have
elapsed after grouting of the postCtension tendons nor until all other conditions of the 'pecifications have
been met ,he supporting falsework shall be constructed in such a manner that the superrestructure will
be free to lift off the falsework and shorten during postCtensioning 5ormwork left inside bo? girders to
support the roadway slab shall be detailed in such a manner so as to offer minimum resistance to girder
shortening due to shrinkage and postCtensioning
,he tensioning process shall be so conducted that the tension being applied and the
elongation of the prestressing elements may be measured at all times ,he friction loss in the element#
ie# the difference between the tension of the "ack and the minimum tension# shall be determined in
accordance with )rticle $AE of ))'H,4 'tandard 'pecifications for Highway (ridges
'uitable shims or other approved devices shall be used to insure that the specified anchor
set loss is attained
Prestressing tendons in continuous postCtensioned members shall be tensioned by "acking at
each end of the tendon 'uch "acking of both ends need not be done simultaneously
) record shall be kept of gage pressure and elongation at all times and submitted to the
1ngineer for his approval
40@6:688 B)!"'!/ St%%-
Prestressing steel shall be bonded to the concrete by filling the void space between the duct
and the tendon with grout

9rout shall consist of Portland Cement# water and an e?pansive admi?ture approved by the
1ngineer
Water shall be potable
6o admi?ture containing chlorides or nitrates shall be used
Water shall first be added to the mi?er followed by cement and admi?ture
,he grout shall be mi?ed in mechanical mi?ing equipment of a type that will produce uniform
and thoroughly mi?ed grout ,he water content shall be not more than $% litres (& gallons) per sack of
cement 0etempering of grout will not be permitted 9rout shall be continuously agitated until it is
pumped
9routing equipment shall be capable of grouting at a pressure of at least .AJ%/ 7Pa ($..
psi)
9routing equipment shall be furnished with a pressure gauge having a fullCscale reading of
not more than -.E 7Pa (B.. psi)
'tandby flushing equipment capable of developing a pumping pressure of $E- 7Pa (-&. psi)
and of sufficient capacity to flush out any partially grouted ducts shall be provided
)ll ducts shall be clean and free of deleterious materials that would impair bonding of the
grout or interfere with grouting procedures )ll grout shall pass through a screen with a - mm (..EJE
inch) ma?imum clear openings prior to being introduced into the grout pump
9rout in"ection pipes shall be fitted with positive mechanical shutoff valves *ents and
e"ection pipes shall be fitted with valves# caps or other devices capable of withstanding the pumping
pressures *alves and caps shall not be removed or opened until the grout has set
PostCtensioned steel shall be bonded to the concrete )ll prestressing steel to be bonded to
the concrete shall be free of dirt# loose rust# grease or other deleterious substances
+mmediately after completion of the concrete pour# the metal conduit shall be blown out with
compressed oil free air to the e?tent necessary to break up and remove any mortar in the conduit before
it hardens )ppro?imately -/ hours after the concrete pour# the metal conduits shall be flushed out with
water and then blown out with compressed oil free air
Prior to placing forms for roadway slabs of bo? girder structures# the Contractor shall
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the 1ngineer that all ducts are unobstructed and if the prestressing
reinforcement has been placed# that the steel is free and unbonded in the duct
)fter the tendons have been stressed to the required tension# each conduit encasing the
prestressing steel shall be blown out with compressed oil free air ,he conduit shall then be completely
filled from the low end with grout under pressure 9rout shall be pumped through the duct and
continuously wasted at the outlet until no visible slugs of water or air are e"ected and the efflu? time of
e"ected grout is not less than $$ seconds )ll vents and openings shall then be closed and the grouting
pressure at the in"ection end shall be raised to a minimum of .AJ%/ 7Pa ($.. psi) and held for a
minimum of $. seconds
+f aluminum powder is used to e?pand the grout# it shall be added as follows<
5rom - to / grams of the unpolished variety (about $ to - teaspoons) shall be added for each
sack of cement used in the grout ,he e?act amount of aluminum powder will be designated by the
1ngineer ,he dosage per batch of grout shall be carefully weighed ) number of weighings may be
made in the laboratory and doses placed in glass vials for convenient use in the mi? ,he aluminum
powder shall be blended with pumicite or other inert powder in the proportion of one ($) part powder to
fifty (&.) parts pumicite (or other inert powder) by weight ,he blend shall be thoroughly mi?ed with the
cement ,he amount of the blend used should vary from $-. g (/C$@- ounces) per sack of cement for
concrete having a temperature of -$$
o
C to $%. g (E ounces) for a temperature of ///
o
C after all
ingredients are added# the batch shall be mi?ed for B minutes (atches of grout shall be placed within /&
minutes after mi?ing
40@6:682 U!,)!"%" St%%-
Where the steel is not to be bonded to the concrete# it shall be carefully protected against
corrosion by a coating of tar of other waterproofing material# in addition to any galvani!ing which may be
specified in addition to the requirements of )',7 ) /$A ())'H,4 7 -.B) and )',7 ) /-$ ())'H,4 7
-./)
40@6:68: H!"-'!/
1?treme care shall be e?ercised in handling and moving precast prestressed concrete mortar
members Precast girders and slabs shall be transported in an upright position and the points of support
and directions of the reactions with respect to the member shall be appro?imately the same during
transportation and storage as when the members are in their final position +f the Contractor deems it
e?pedient to transport or store precast units in other than this position# it shall be done at his own risk
after notifying the 1ngineer of his intention to do so
Prestressed concrete girders shall not be shipped until tests on concrete cylinders#
manufactured of the same concrete and cured under the same conditions as the girders# indicate that the
concrete of the particular girder has attained a compressive strength equal to the specified design
compressive strength of the concrete in the girder and has attained a minimum age of $/ days
40@6:684 C)5$)*'t% S-, C)!*t#+&t')!
,he manufacturing tolerances for preCcast members shall not e?ceed those given for length#
crossCsection and straightness on the Plans# as specified in the Contract or as approved by the 1ngineer
+n addition# where beams are laid side by side in a deck<
$ ,he difference on soffit level between ad"acent units before the inCsitu
concrete is placed shall not e?ceed & mm for units up to $. mm for longer units
- ,he width of the deck soffit shall be within M-& mm
B +n ad"acent span# the continuity of the outside beams shall be maintained
/ ,he width of gap between individual beams shall not e?ceed twice the nominal gap
& ,he alignment of transverse holes shall permit the reinforcement or prestressing cables
to be placed without distortion
40@64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
40@6468 St#+&t+#- M%5,%#*
,he quantity to be measured for payment will be the actual number of precast prestressed
concrete structural members# e?cept piling# of the several types and si!es# installed in place# completed
and accepted 1ach member will include the concrete# reinforcement and prestressing steel#
anchorages# plates# nuts# elastomeric bearing pads# and other such material contained within or attached
to the unit
Piling will be measured as provided in +tem /..
40@6462 Ot0%# It%5*
,he quantities of other Contract items which enter into the completed and accepted structure
will be measured for payment in the manner prescribed for the several items involved
40@6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# measured as prescribed in 'ection /.A/ shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the particular item listed below that is included in the (ill of Fuantities#
which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all
labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.A ($)
/.A (-)
Prestressed 'tructural Concrete
7embers (+dentification)
Prestressed Concrete
1ach
3ump 'um
ITEM 40A7 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
40A68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the general description of the materials# equipment# workmanship
and construction requirements of concrete structures and the concrete portions of composite structures
conforming to the alignment# grades# design# dimensions and details shown on the Plans and in
accordance with the 'pecifications for piles# reinforcing steel# structural steel# structural concrete and
other items which constitute the completed structure ,he class of concrete to be used in the structure or
part of the structure shall be as specified in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
40A62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
$ Concrete and Concrete +ngredients
Concrete and concrete materials shall conform to the requirements in +tem /.&# 'tructural
Concrete 2nless otherwise shown on the Plans or specified in 'pecial Provisions# concrete shall be of
Class )
- 0einforcing 'teel
0einforcing steel shall conform to the requirements in +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel
B 'tructural 'teel
'tructural steel shall conform to the requirements of corresponding materials in +tem /.B#
7etal 'tructures
/ (ridge (earing (1lastomeric (earing Pad)
1lastomeric bearing pads shall conform to +tem /$-# 1lastomeric (earing Pads
& Paints
Paints shall conform to the requirements in +tem /$$# Paint
A Waterproofing and Dampproofing
2nless otherwise shown on the Plans or indicated in 'pecial Provisions# materials for
waterproofing and dampproofing shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications<
a ))'H,4 7 $$& )sphalt for dampproofing and waterproofing
b ))'H,4 7 $$A Primer for the use with )sphalt in dampproofing and waterproofing
c ))'H,4 7 $$E Woven cotton fabrics saturated with bituminous substances for use in
waterproofing
d ))'H,4 7 $$J CoalC,ar pitch for roofing# dampproofing and waterCproofing
e ))'H,4 7 $-$ Creosote for priming coat with coalCtar pitch dampCproofing and
waterproofing
f ))'H,4 7 $&% Woven burlap fabric saturated with bituminous substances for use in
waterproofing
g ))'H,4 7 $AA 6umbered cotton duck and array duck
h ))'H,4 7 -B% )sphalt for use in waterproofing membrane construction
E Concrete Curing Compound
Curing compound shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $/J 3iquid membraneC
forming compounds for curing concrete
J ;oint 5iller
2nless otherwise shown on the Plans or in 'pecial Provisions# materials for e?pansion "oint
filler shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications<
a ))'H,4 7 BB Preformed e?pansion "oint filler for concrete
b ))'H,4 7 $&B Preformed sponge rubber and cork e?pansion "oint fillers for concrete
paving and structural construction
c ))'H,4 7 $EB Concrete "oint sealer hot poured elastic type
d ))'H,4 7 -$B Preformed e?pansion "oint filler for concrete paving and structural
constructionCnonCe?truding and resilient bituminous types
e ))'H,4 7 --. Preformed elastomeric compression "oint seals for concrete
40A6268 P#)$)#t')!'!/ !" St#%!/t0 )( St#+&t+#- C)!&#%t%
,his shall be in accordance with +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
40A6262 S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/
,his shall be in accordance with +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
40A6: C)!*t#+&t')! !" R%9+'#%5%!t*
40A6:68 H!"-'!/ !" P-&'!/ C)!&#%t%4 G%!%#-
Concrete shall not be placed until forms and reinforcing steel have been checked and
approved by the 1ngineer
+f lean concrete is required in the Plan or as directed by the 1ngineer prior to placing of
reinforcing steel bar# the lean concrete should have a minimum compressive strength of $BJ 7Pa (-#...
psi)
+n preparation for the placing of concrete all sawdust# chips and other construction debris and
e?traneous matter shall be removed from inside the formwork# struts# stays and braces# serving
temporarily to hold the forms in correct shape and alignment# pending the placing of concrete at their
locations# shall be removed when the concrete placing has reached an elevation rendering their service
unnecessary ,hese temporary members shall be entirely removed from the forms and not buried in the
concrete
6o concrete shall be used which does not reach its final position in the forms within the time
stipulated under G,ime of Hauling and Placing 7i?ed ConcreteH
Concrete shall be placed so as to avoid segregation of the materials and the displacement of
the reinforcement ,he use of long troughs# chutes# and pipes for conveying concrete to the forms shall
be permitted only on written authori!ation of the 1ngineer ,he 1ngineer shall re"ect the use of the
equipment for concrete transportation that will allow segregation# loss of fine materials# or in any other
way will have a deteriorating effect on the concrete quality
4pen troughs and chutes shall be of metal lined> where steep slopes are required# the chutes
shall be equipped with baffles or be in short lengths that reverse the direction of movement to avoid
segregation
)ll chutes# troughs and pipes shall be kept clean and free from coatings of hardened concrete
by thoroughly flushing with water after each run Water used for flushing shall be discharged clear of the
structure
When placing operations would involve dropping the concrete more than $& m# concrete
shall be conveyed through sheet metal or approved pipes )s far as practicable# the pipes shall be kept
full of concrete during placing and their lower end shall be kept buried in the newly placed concrete
)fter initial set of the concrete# the forms shall not be "arred and no strain shall be placed on the ends of
pro"ecting reinforcement bars
,he concrete shall be placed as nearly as possible to its final position and the use of vibrators
for moving of the mass of fresh concrete shall not be permitted
40A6:6868 P-&'!/ C)!&#%t% ,2 P!%+5t'& M%!*
Pneumatic placing of concrete will be permitted only if specified in the 'pecial Provisions or
authori!ed by the 1ngineer ,he equipment shall be so arranged that vibration will not damage freshly
placed concrete
Where concrete is conveyed and placed by pneumatic means# the equipment shall be
suitable in kind and adequate in capacity for the work ,he machine shall be located as close as
practicable to the work ,he discharge lines shall be hori!ontal or inclined upwards from the machine
,he discharge end of the line shall not be more than B m from the point of deposit
)t the conclusion of placing the concrete# the entire equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned
40A6:6862 P-&'!/ )( C)!&#%t% ,2 P+5$'!/
,he placing of concrete by pumping will be permitted only if specified or if authori!ed by the
1ngineer ,he equipment shall be so arranged that vibration will not damage freshly placed concrete
Where concrete is conveyed and placed by mechanically applied pressure the equipment
shall be suitable in kind and adequate in capacity for the work ,he operation of the pump shall be such
that a continuous stream of concrete without air pockets is produced When pumping is completed# the
concrete remaining in the pipeline# if it is to be used# shall be e"ected in such a manner that there will be
no contamination of the concrete or separation of the ingredients )fter this operation# the entire
equipments shall be thoroughly cleaned

40A6:686: P-&'!/ C)!&#%t% '! Wt%#
Concrete shall not be placed in water e?cept with approval of the 1ngineer and under his
immediate supervision +n this case the method of placing shall be hereinafter specified
Concrete deposited in water shall be Class ) concrete with a minimum cement content of /..
kg@m
B
of concrete ,he slump of the concrete shall be maintained between $. and -. cm ,o prevent
segregation# concrete shall be carefully placed in a compact mass# in its final position# by means of a
tremie# a bottomCdump bucket# or other approved means# and shall not be disturbed after being placed
) tremie shall consist of a tube having a diameter of not less than -&. mm constructed in
sections having flanged couplings fitted with gaskets with a hopper at the top ,he tremie shall be
supported so as to permit free movement of the discharge and over the entire top surface of the work
and so as to permit rapid lowering when necessary to retard or stop the flow of concrete ,he discharge
end shall be closed at the start of work so as to prevent water entering the tube and shall be completely
submerged in concrete at all times> the tremie tube shall be kept full to the bottom of the hopper When a
batch is dumped into the hopper# the flow of concrete shall be induced by lightly raising the discharge
end# but always keeping it in the placed concrete ,he flow shall be continuous until the work is
completed
When the concrete is placed with a bottomCdump bucket# the top of the bucket shall be open
,he bottom doors shall open freely downward and outward when tripped ,he buckets shall be
completely filled and slowly lowered to avoid backwash +t shall not be dumped until it rests on the
surface upon which the concrete is to be deposited and when discharged shall be withdrawn slowly until
well above the concrete
40A6:62 C)5$&t')! )( C)!&#%t%
Concrete during and immediately after placing shall be thoroughly compacted ,he concrete
in walls# beams# columns and the like shall be placed in hori!ontal layers not more than B. cm thick
e?cept as hereinafter provided When less than a complete layer is placed in one operation# it shall be
terminated in a vertical bulkhead 1ach layer shall be placed and compacted before the preceding layer
has taken initial set to prevent in"ury to the green concrete and avoid surfaces of separation between the
layers 1ach layer shall be compacted so as to avoid the formation of a construction "oint with a
preceding layer
,he compaction shall be done by mechanical vibration ,he concrete shall be vibrated
internally unless special authori!ation of other methods is given by the 1ngineer or is provided herein
*ibrators shall be of a type# design# and frequency approved by the 1ngineer ,he intensity of vibration
shall be such as to visibly affect a mass of concrete with a B cm slump over a radius of at least &. cm )
sufficient number of vibrator shall be provided to properly compact each batch immediately after it is
placed in the forms *ibrators shall be manipulated so as to thoroughly work the concrete around the
reinforcement and embedded fi?tures and into the corners and angles of the forms and shall be applied
at the point of placing and in the area of freably placed concrete ,he vibrators shall be inserted into and
withdrawn from the concrete slowly ,he vibration shall be of sufficient duration and intensity to compact
the concrete thoroughly but shall not be continued so as to cause segregation and at any one point to the
e?tent that locali!ed areas of grout are formed )pplication of vibrators shall be at points uniformly
spaced# and not farther apart than twice the radius over which the vibration is visibly effective *ibration
shall not be applied directly or thru the reinforcement to sections or layers of concrete that have
hardened to the degree that the concrete ceases to be plastic under vibration +t shall not be used to
make concrete flow in the forms over distances so great as to cause segregation# and vibrators shall not
be used to transport concrete in the forms of troughs or chutes
40A6:6: C*t'!/ S%&t')!* !" C)!*t#+&t')! F)'!t*
,he concrete in each form shall be placed continuously Placing of concrete in any such form
shall not be allowed to commence unless sufficiently inspected and approved materials for the concrete
is at hand# and labor and equipment are sufficient to complete the pour without interruption
;oints in the concrete due to stopping work shall be avoided as much as possible 'uch
"oints# when necessary# shall be constructed to meet the approval of the 1ngineer
When the placing of concrete is temporarily discontinued# the concrete# after becoming firm
enough to retain its shape# shall be cleaned of laitance and other ob"ectionable material to a sufficient
depth to e?pose sound concrete Where a Gfaster edgeH might be produced at a construction "oint# as in
the sloped top surface of a wingwall# an inset formwork shall be used to produce an edge thickness of
not less than $& cm in the succeeding layer Work shall not be discontinued within &. cm of the top of
any face# unless provision has been made for a coping less than &. cm thick# in which case if permitted
by the 1ngineer# the construction "oint may be made at the underside of coping
+mmediately following the discontinuance of placing concrete# all accumulations of mortar
splashed upon the reinforcing steel and the surfaces of forms shall be removed Dried mortar chips and
dust shall not be puddled into the unset concrete Care shall be e?ercised# during the cleaning of the
reinforcing steel# not to in"ure or break the concreteCsteel bond at and near the surface of the concrete
40A6:64 C*t'!/ B)< C+-;%#t*
+n general# the base slab of bo? culverts shall be placed and allowed to set before the
remainder of the culvert is constructed +n the construction of bo? culverts the side walls and top slab
may be constructed as a monolith
+f the concrete in the walls and top slab is placed in two separate operations# special care
shall be e?ercised in order to secure bonding in the construction "oint and appropriate keys shall be left in
the sidewalls for anchoring the top slab 1ach wingwall shall be constructed# if possible# as a monolith
Construction "oints where unavoidable# shall be hori!ontal and so located that no "oints will be visible in
the e?posed face of the wingwall above the ground line
*ertical construction "oints shall be at right angles to the a?is of the culverts
40A6:6? C*t'!/ C)-+5!*3 S-,* !" G'#"%#*
Concrete in columns shall be placed in one continuous operation# unless otherwise directed
,he concrete shall be allowed to set for at least -. hours before the caps are placed
2nless otherwise permitted by the 1ngineer# no concrete shall be placed in the
superstructure until the column forms have been stripped sufficiently to determine the condition of the
concrete in the column ,he load of the superCstructure shall not be allowed to come upon the bents until
they have been in place at least $/ days# unless otherwise permitted by the 1ngineer
Concrete in slab spans shall be placed in one continuous operation for each span unless
otherwise provided
Concrete in ,C(eam or deck girder spans shall be placed in one continuous operation unless
otherwise directed +f it is permitted to place the concrete in two separate operations# each of the
operations# shall be continuous< first# to the top of the girder stems# and second# to completion +n the
latter case# the bond between stem and slab shall be secured by means of suitable shear keys which
may be formed by the use of timber blocks appro?imately &. mm ? $.. mm in crossCsection having a
length of $.. mm less than the width of the girder stem ,hese key blocks shall be placed along the
girder stems as required# but the spacing shall not be greater than B.. mm center to center ,he blocks
shall be beveled and oiled in such a manner as to insure their ready removal# and they shall be removed
as soon as the concrete has set sufficiently to retain its shape +f the contractor wishes to place the
concrete in two separate operations# he shall# with his request for permission to do so# submit plans and
proposals of the required changes to the reinforcement# which plans and proposals shall be sub"ect to
the approval of the 1ngineer
+n bo? girders# the concrete in the bottom slab be poured first# as a separate operation
,he concrete in the webs and the top slab shall be placed in one continuous operation unless
otherwise specified +f it is permitted to place the concrete in more than one operation# the requirements
for ,Cbeam shall apply
40A6:6@ C)!*t#+&t')! F)'!t*
Construction "oints shall be made only where shown on the Plans or called for in the pouring
schedule# unless otherwise approved by the 1ngineer 'hear keys or reinforcement shall be used#
unless otherwise specified# to transmit shear or to bond the two sections together
(efore depositing new concrete on or against concrete which has hardened# the forms shall
be retightened ,he surface of the hardened concrete shall be roughened as required by the 1ngineer# in
a manner that will not leave loose particles of aggregate or damage concrete at the surface +t shall be
thoroughly cleaned of foreign matter and laitance When directed by the 1ngineer# the surface of the
hardened concrete which will be in contact with new concrete shall be washed with water to this
satisfaction# and to insure an e?cess of mortar at the "uncture of the hardened and the newly deposited
concrete# the cleaned and saturated surfaces# including vertical and inclined surfaces shall first be
thoroughly covered with a coating of mortar of the same proportion of sand and cement as the class of
concrete used against which the new concrete shall be placed before the grout or mortar has attained its
initial set
,he placing of concrete shall be carried continuously from "oint to "oint ,he face edges of all
"oints which are e?posed to view shall be carefully finished true to line and elevation
40A6:6A C)!&#%t% S+#(&% F'!'*0'!/
'urface finishing shall be classified as follows<
Class $# 4rdinary 5inish
Class -# 0ubbed 5inish
Class B# 5loated 5inish
)ll concrete shall be given Class $# 4rdinary 5inish and additionally any further finish as
specified
2nless otherwise specified# the following surfaces shall be given a Class -# 0ubbed 5inish
$ ,he e?posed faces of piers# abutments# wingwalls# and retaining walls
- ,he outside faces of girders# ,Cbeams# slabs# columns# brackets# curbs# headwalls#
railings# arch rings# spandrel walls and parapets
1?cluded# however# are the tops and bottoms of floor slabs and sidewalks# bottoms of beams
and girders# sides of interior beams and girders# backwalls above bridge seats or the underside of
copings ,he surface finish on piers and abutments shall include all e?posed surfaces below the bridge
seats to -. cm below low water elevation or &. cm below finished ground level when such ground level is
above the water surface Wingwalls shall be finished from the top to &. cm below the finished slope lines
on the outside face and shall be finished on top and for a depth of -. cm below the top on the back
sides
2nless otherwise specified# the surface of the traveled way shall be Class B# 5loated 5inish
Class $# Concrete 4rdinary 5inish
+mmediately following the removal of forms# all fins and irregular protection shall be removed
from all surface e?cept from those which are not to be e?posed or are not to be waterproofed 4n all
surfaces the cavities produced by form ties and all other holes# honeycomb spots# broken corners or
edges and other defects shall be thoroughly cleaned# and after having been kept saturated with water for
a period of not less than three hours shall be carefully pointed and made true with a mortar of cement
and fine aggregate mi?ed in the proportions used in the grade of the concrete being finished 7ortar
used in pointing shall not be more than one hour old ,he mortar patches shall be cured as specified
under 'ubsection /.EBJ )ll construction and e?pansion "oints in the completed work shall be left
carefully tooled and free of all mortar and concrete ,he "oint filler shall be left e?posed for its full length
with a clean and true edges
,he resulting surface shall be true and uniform )ll repaired surfaces# the appearance of
which is not satisfactory to the 1ngineer# shall be GrubbedH as specified below
Class -# Concrete 0ubbed 5inish
)fter removal of forms# the rubbing of concrete shall be started as soon as its condition will
permit +mmediately before starting this work# the concrete shall be kept thoroughly saturated with water
for a minimum period of three hours 'ufficient time shall have elapsed before the wetting down to allow
the mortar used in the pointing of road holes and defects to thoroughly set 'urfaces to be finished shall
be rubbed with a minimum coarse carborundum stone using a small amount of mortar on each face ,he
mortar shall be composed of cement and fine sand mi?ed in the proportions used in the concrete being
finished 0ubbing shall be continued until all form marks# protections and irregularities have been
removed# all voids have been filled# and a uniform surface has been obtained ,he face produced by this
rubbing shall be left in place at this time
)fter all concrete above the surface being created has been cast# the final finish shall be
obtained by rubbing with a fine carborundum stone and water ,his rubbing shall be continued until the
entire surface is of smooth te?ture and uniform color
)fter the final rubbing is completed and the surface has dried# it should be rubbed with burlap
to remove loose powder and shall be left free from all unsound patches# paste# powder and ob"ectionable
marks
Class B# Concrete 5loated 5inish
)fter the concrete is compacted as specified in 'ubsection /.EB-# Compaction of
Concrete# the surface shall be carefully struck off with a strike board to conform to the crossCsection and
grade shown on the Plans Proper allowance shall be made for camber if required ,he strike board
may be operated longitudinally or transversely and shall be moved forward with a combined longitudinal
and transverse motion# the manipulation being such that neither is raised from the side forms during the
process ) slight e?cess of concrete shall be kept in front of the cutting edge at all times
)fter striking off and consolidating as specified above# the surface shall be made uniform by
longitudinal or transverse floating or both 3ongitudinal floating will be required e?cept in places where
this method is not feasible
,he longitudinal float# operated from foot bridges# shall be worked with a sawing motion while
held in a floating position parallel to the road centerline and passing gradually from one side of the
pavement to the other ,he float shall then be moved forward oneChalf of each length and the above
operation repeated 7achine floating which produces an equivalent result may be substituted for the
above manual method
,he transverse float shall be operated across the pavement by starting at the edge and
slowly moving to the center and back again to the edge ,he float shall then be moved forward oneChalf
of each length and the above operation repeated Care shall be taken to preserve the crown and crossC
section of the pavement
)fter the longitudinal floating has been completed and the e?cess water removed# but while
the concrete is still plastic# the slab surface shall be tested for trueness with a straightCedge 5or the
purpose# the Contractor shall furnish and use an accurate B m straightCedge swing handless $ m longer
than one half the width of the slab
,he straightCedge shall be held in successive positions parallel to the road centerline and in
contact with the surface and the whole area gone over from one side of the slab to the other as
necessary advancement along the deck shall be in successive stages of not more than oneChalf the
length of the straightCedge )ny depression found shall be immediately filled with freshly mi?ed concrete#
struck off# consolidated and refinished ,he straightCedge testing and refloating shall continue until the
entire surface is found to be free from observable departure from the straightCedge and the slabs has the
required grade and contour# until there are no deviations of more than B mm under the B m straightCedge
When the concrete has hardened sufficiently# the surface shall be given a broom finish ,he
broom shall be an approved type ,he strokes shall be square across the slabs from edge to edge# with
ad"acent strokes slightly overlapped# and shall be made by drawing the broom without tearing the
concrete# but so as to produce regular corrugations not over B mm in depth ,he surface as thus finished
shall be free from porous spots# irregularities# depressions and small pockets or rough spots such as
may be caused by accidental disturbing# during the final brooming of particles of coarse aggregate
embedded near the surface
Concrete 'urface 5inish for 'idewalk
)fter the concrete has been deposited in place# it shall be compacted and the surface shall
be struck off by means of strike board and floated with a wooden or cork float )n edging tool shall be
used on all edges and at all e?pansion "oints ,he surface shall not vary more than B mm under a B m
straightCedge ,he surface shall have a granular or matted te?ture which will not slick when wet
40A6:6B C+#'!/ C)!&#%t%
)ll newly placed concrete shall be cured in accordance with this 'pecification# unless
otherwise directed by the 1ngineer ,he curing method shall be one or more of the following<
$ Water 7ethod
,he concrete shall be kept continuously wet by the application of water for a
minimum period of E days after the concrete has been placed
,he entire surface of the concrete shall be kept dump by applying water with an
atomi!ing no!!le Cotton mats# rugs# carpets# or earth or sand blankets may be used to
retain the moisture )t the e?piration of the curing period the concrete surface shall be
cleared of the curing medium
- Curing Compound
'urfaces e?posed to the air may be cured by the application of an impervious
membrane if approved by the 1ngineer
,he membrane forming compound used shall be practically colorless liquid ,he
use of any membraneCforming compound that will alter the natural color of the concrete
or impart a slippery surface to any wearing surface shall be prohibited ,he compound
shall be applied with a pressure spray in such a manner as to cover the entire concrete
surface with a uniform film and shall be of such character that it will harden within B.
minutes after application ,he amount of compound applied shall be ample to seal the
surface of the concrete thoroughly PowerCoperated spraying equipment shall be
equipped with an operational pressure gauge and means of controlling the pressure
,he curing compound shall be applied to the concrete following the surface
finishing operation immediately after the moisture sheen begins to disappear from the
surface# but before any drying shrinkage or cra!e cracks begin to appear +n the event
of any delay# in the application of the curing compound# which results in any drying or
cracking of the surface# application of water with an atomi!ing no!!le as specified
under GWater 7ethodH# shall be started immediately and shall be continued until the
application of the compound is resumed or started# however# the compound shall not be
applied over any resulting free standing water 'hould the film of compound be
damaged from any cause before the e?piration of E days after the concrete is placed in
the case of structures# the damaged portion shall be repaired immediately with
additional compound
Curing compound shall not be diluted or altered in any manner after manufacture
)t the time of use# the compound shall be in a thoroughly mi?ed condition +f the
compound has not been used within $-. days after the date of manufacture# the
1ngineer may require additional testing before the use to determine compliance to
requirements
)n antiCsetting agent or a combination of antiCsetting agents shall be incorporated
in the curing compound to prevent caking
,he curing compound shall be packaged in clean barrels or steel containers or
shall be supplied from a suitable storage tank located on the 'ite 'torage tank shall
have a permanent system designed to completely redisperse any settled material
without introducing air or any other foreign substance Containers shall be wellCsealed
with ring seals and lug type crimp lids ,he linings of the containers shall be of a
character that will resist the solvent of the curing compound 1ach container shall be
labeled with a manufacturerDs name# specification number# batch number# capacity and
date of manufacture# and shall have label warning concerning flammability ,he label
shall also warn that the curing compound shall be wellCstirred before use When the
curing compound is shipped in tanks or tank trunks# a shipping invoice shall accompany
each load ,he invoice shall contain the same information as that required herein for
container labels
Curing compound may be sampled by the 1ngineer at the source of supply and
on the 'ite
B Waterproof 7embrane 7ethod
,he e?posed finished surfaces of concrete shall be sprayed with water# using a
no!!le that so atomi!es the flow that a mist and not a spray is formed until the concrete
has set# after which a curing membrane of waterproof paper or plastic sheeting shall be
placed ,he curing membrane shall remain in place for a period of not less than E-
hours
Waterproof paper and plastic sheeting shall conform to the specification of
))'H,4 7 $E$
,he waterproof paper or plastic sheeting shall be formed into sheets of such
width as to cover completely the entire concrete surface
)ll "oints in the sheets shall be securely cemented together in such a manner as
to provide a waterproof "oint ,he "oint seams shall have a minimum lap of $.. mm
,he sheets shall be securely weighed down by placing a bank of earth on the
edges of the sheets or by other means satisfactory to the 1ngineer
'hould any portion of the sheets be broken or damaged within E- hours after
being placed# the broken or damaged portions shall be immediately repaired with new
sheets properly cemented into place
'ections of membrane which have lost their waterproof qualities or have been
damaged to such an e?tent as to render them unfit for curing# the concrete shall not be
used
/ 5ormsCinCPlace 7ethod
5ormed surfaces of concrete may be cured by retaining the formCinCplace ,he
forms shall remain in place for a minimum period of E days after the concrete has been
placed# e?cept that for members over &. cm in least dimensions# the forms shall remain
in place for a minimum period of & days Wooden forms shall be kept wet by watering
during the curing period
& Curing CastC+nC'itu Concrete
)ll newly placed concrete for castCinCsitu structures# other than highway bridge
deck# shall be cured by the water method# the formsCinCplace method# or as permitted
herein# by the curing compound method# all in accordance with the requirements of
'ubsection# /.EBJ Curing Concrete
,he curing compound method may be used on concrete surfaces which are to be
buried under ground and surfaces where only 4rdinary 'urface 5inish is to be applied
and on which a uniform color is not required and which will not be visible from public
view
,he top surface of highway bridge decks shall be cured by either the curing
compound method or the water method ,he curing compound shall be applied
progressively during the deck finishing operations ,he water cure shall be applied not
later than / hours after completion of the deck finishing
When deemed necessary by the 1ngineer during periods of hot weather# water
shall be applied to concrete surface being cured by the curing compound method or by
the formsCinCplace method until the 1ngineer determine that a cooling effect is no longer
required
A Curing PreCCast Concrete (e?cept piles)
PreCcast concrete members shall be cured for not less than E days by the water
method or by steam curing 'team curing for preCcast members shall conform to the
following provisions<
a )fter placement of the concrete# members shall be held for a minimum /Chour
preCsteaming period
b ,o prevent moisture loss on e?posed surfaces during the preCsteaming period#
members shall be covered immediately after casting or the e?posed surface shall
be kept wet by fog spray or wet blankets
c 1nclosures for steam curing shall allow free circulation of steam about the
member and shall be constructed to contain the live steam with a minimum
moisture loss ,he use of tarpaulins or similar fle?ible covers will be permitted#
provided they are kept in good condition and secured in such a manner to prevent
the loss of steam and moisture
d 'team at "ets shall be low pressure and in a saturated condition 'team "ets shall
not impinge directly on the concrete# test cylinders# or forms During application
of the steam# the temperature rise within the enclosure shall not e?ceed -.
o
C per
hour ,he curing temperature throughout the enclosure shall not e?ceed A&
o
C
and shall be maintained at a constant level for a sufficient time necessary to
develop the required compressive strength Control cylinders shall be covered to
prevent moisture loss and shall be placed in a location where temperature of the
enclosure will be the same as that of the concrete
e ,emperature recording devices that will provide an accurate continuous
permanent record of the curing temperature shall be provided ) minimum of one
temperature recording device per &. m of continuous bed length will be required
for checking temperature
f Curing of preCcast concrete will be considered completed after the termination of
the steam curing cycle
E Curing PreCcast Concrete Piles
)ll newly placed concrete for preCcast concrete piles# conventionally reinforced or
prestressed shall be cured by the GWater 7ethodH as described in 'ubsection /.EBJ#
Curing Concrete# e?cept that the concrete shall be kept under moisture for at least $/
days )t the option of the Contractor# stream curing may be used in which case the
steam curing provisions of 'ubsection /.EBJ (A)# Curing PreCCast Concrete (e?cept
piles) shall apply e?cept that the concrete shall be kept wet for at least E days including
the holding and steaming period
40A6:6C F-*%1)#. D%*'/! !" D#1'!/*
Detailed working drawings and supporting calculations of the false work shall be furnished by
the Contractor to the 1ngineer 6o falsework construction shall start until the 1ngineer has reviewed and
approved the design ,he Contractor shall provide sufficient time for the 1ngineer to complete this
review 'uch time shall be proportionate to the comple?ity of the falsework design and in no case be
less than two weeks
,he Contractor may review the falsework drawings at any time provided sufficient time is
allowed for the 1ngineerDs review before construction is started on the revised portion
)ssumptions used in design of the falsework shall include but not be limited to the following<
$ ,he entire superstructure crossCsection# e?cept for the railing# shall be considered
to be placed at one time# e?cept when in the opinion of the 1ngineer# a portion of
the load is carried by members previously cast and having attained a specified
strength
- ,he loading used on timber piles shall not e?ceed the bearing value for the pile
and shall in no case e?ceed -. tonne per pile
B 'oil bearing values and soil condition (wet and dry) shall be designated by the
Contractor on the falsework drawings 5alsework footings shall be designed to
carry the loads imposed upon them without e?ceeding estimated soil bearing
values or allowable settlements
/ ,he ma?imum loadings and deflections used on "acks# brackets# columns and
other manufactured devices shall not e?ceed the manufactureDs
recommendations +f requested by the 1ngineer# the Contractor shall furnish
catalogue or other data verifying these recommendations
& +f the concrete is to be prestressed# the falsework shall be designed to support
any increased or read"usted loads caused by the prestressing forces
A ;oints supporting slabs and overhangs shall be considered as falsework and
designed as such
5or the construction of falsework over and ad"acent to roadways where falsework openings
are required for maintaining traffic# the Contractor shall provide any additional features for the work
needed to insure that the falsework will be stable if sub"ected to impact by vehicles
,he falsework design at the locations where said openings are required shall include but not
be limited to the following minimum provisions<
a 1ach e?terior stringer in a span shall be securely anchored to the following cap or
framing
b )dequate bracing shall be used during all stages of falsework construction and removal
over or ad"acent to public traffic
c 5alsework members shall be at least B.. mm clear of temporary protective railing
members
,he falsework drawings shall include a superstructure placing diagram showing proposed
concrete placing sequence and construction "oint locations# e?cept that where a schedule for placing
concrete is shown on the Contract Plans# no deviation will be permitted there from unless approved in
writing by the 1ngineer
,he falsework drawings shall show pedestrian openings which are required through the
falsework
)nticipated total settlements of falsework and forms shall be indicated by the Contractor on
the falsework drawings ,hese should include falsework footing settlements over -. mm will not be
allowed unless otherwise permitted by the 1ngineer Deck slab forms between girders shall be
constructed with no allowance for settlement relative to the girders
Detailed calculations by the Contractor showing the stresses deflections# and camber
necessary to compensate for said deflections in all load supporting members shall be supplied
)fter approving the ContractorDs falsework deflection camber# the 1ngineer will furnish to the
Contractor the amounts of camber necessary to compensate for vertical alignment or anticipated
structure deflection# if these are not shown on the drawings ,he total camber used in constructing
falsework shall be the sum of the aforementioned cambers
40A6:680 F-*%1)#. C)!*t#+&t')!
,he falsework shall be constructed to conform to the falsework drawings ,he materials used
in the falsework construction shall be of the quantity and quality necessary to withstand the stresses
imposed ,he workmanship used in falsework shall be of such quality that the falsework will support the
loads imposed on it without e?cessive settlement or takeCup beyond that shown on the falsework
drawings
When falsework is supported on piles# the piles shall be driven to a bearing value equal to the
total calculated pile loading as shown on the falsework drawings
'uitable "acks or wedges shall be used in connection with falsework to set the forms to their
required grade and to take up any e?cessive settlement in the falsework either before or during the
placing of concrete
,he Contractor shall provide tellCtales attached to the soffit forms easily readable and in
enough systematicallyCplaced locations to determine the total settlement of the entire portion of the
structure where concrete is being placed
'hould unanticipated events occur# including settlements that deviate more than M-. mm
from those indicated on the falsework drawings# which in the opinion of the 1ngineer would prevent
obtaining a structure conforming to the requirement of the 'pecification# the placing of concrete shall be
discontinued until corrective measures satisfactory to the 1ngineer are provided +n the event
satisfactory measures are not provided prior to initial set of the concrete in the affected area# the placing
of concrete shall be discontinued at a location determined by the 1ngineer )ll unacceptable concrete
shall be removed
40A6:688 R%5);'!/ F-*%1)#.
2nless otherwise shown on the drawings# or permitted by the 1ngineer# falsework supporting
any span of a supported bridge shall not be released before $/ days after the last concrete# e?cluding
concrete above the bridge deck# has been placed 5alsework supporting any span of a continuous or
rigid frame bridge shall not be released before $/ days after the last concrete e?cluding concrete above
the bridge deck# has been placed in that span and in the ad"acent portions of each ad"oining span for a
length equal to at least half the length of the span where falsework is to be released
5alsework supporting deck overhangs and deck slabs between girders shall not be released
until E days after the deck concrete has been placed
+n addition to the above requirements# no falsework for bridges shall be released until the
supported concrete has attained a compressive strength of at least J.K of the required -JCday strength
5alsework for castCin place prestressed portion of structure shall not be released until after the
prestressing steel has been tensioned
)ll falsework materials shall be completely removed 5alsework piling shall be removed at
least &. cm below the surface of the original ground or stream bed When falsework piling is driven
within the limits of ditch or channel e?cavation areas# the falsework piling within such areas shall be
removed to at least &. cm below the bottom and side slopes of said e?cavated areas
)ll debris and refuse resulting from work shall be removed and the site left in a neat and
presentable condition
40A6:682 F)#51)#. D%*'/! !" D#1'!/*
,he Contractor shall prepare drawings and materials data for the formwork and shutters to be
submitted to the 1ngineer for approval unless otherwise directed
,he requirements for design of formwork are the same as described under 'ection /.EB%
40A6:68: F)#51)#. C)!*t#+&t')!
Concrete forms shall be mortarCtight# true to the dimensions# lines and grades of the structure
and with the sufficient strength# rigidity# shape and surface smoothness as to leave the finished works
true to the dimensions shown on the Plans or required by the 1ngineer and with the surface finish as
specified
5ormwork and shutters are to be constructed in accordance with the approved Plans
,he inside surfaces of forms shall be cleaned of all dirt# mortar and foreign material 5orms
which will later be removed shall be thoroughly coated with form oil prior to use ,he form oil shall be of
commercial quality form oil or other approved coating which will permit the ready release of the forms
and will not discolor the concrete
Concrete shall not be deposited in the forms until all work in connection with constructing the
forms has been completed# all materials required for the unit to be poured# and the 1ngineer has
inspected and approved said forms and materials 'uch work shall include the removal of all dirt# chips#
sawdust and other foreign material from the forms
,he rate of depositing concrete in forms shall be such to prevent bulging of the forms or form
panels in e?cess of the deflections permitted by the 'pecification
5orms for all concrete surfaces which will not be completely enclosed or hidden below the
permanent ground surface shall conform to the requirements herein for forms for e?posed surfaces
+nterior surfaces of underground drainage structures shall be completely enclosed surfaces
5ormwork for concrete place under water shall be watertight When lumber is used# this shall
be planed# tongued and grooved
5orms for e?posed concrete surface shall be designed and constructed so that the formed
surface of the concrete does not undulate e?cessively in any direction between studs# "oists# form
stiffeners# form fasteners# or wales 2ndulations e?ceeding either - mm or $@-E. of the center to center
distance between studs# "oists# form stiffeners# form fasteners# or wales will be considered to be
e?cessive 'hould any form of forming system# even though previously approved for use# produce a
concrete surface with e?cessive undulations# its use shall be discontinued until modifications satisfactory
to the 1ngineer have been made Portions of concrete structures with surface undulations in e?cess of
the limits herein specified may be re"ected by the 1ngineer
)ll e?posed surfaces of similar portions of a concrete structure shall be formed with the same
forming material or with materials which produce similar concrete surface te?tures# color and
appearance
5orms for e?posed surfaces shall be made of form materials of even thickness and width and
with uniform te?ture ,he materials shall have sharp edges and be mortarCtight
5orms for e?posed surfaces shall be constructed with triangular fillets at least -. mm wide
attached so as to prevent mortar runs and to produce smooth straight chamfers at all sharp edges of the
concrete
5orm fasteners consisting of form bolts# clamps or other devices shall be used as necessary
to prevent spreading of the forms during concrete placement ,he use of ties consisting of twisted wire
loops to hold forms in position will not be permitted
)nchor devices may be cast into the concrete for later use in supporting forms or for lifting
precast members ,he use of driven types of anchorage for fastening forms of form supports to concrete
will not be permitted
40A6:684 R%5);- )( F)#5* !" F-*%1)#.
5orms and falsework shall not be removed without the consent of the 1ngineer ,he
1ngineerDs consent shall not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the safety of the work (locks and
bracing shall be removed at the time the forms are removed and in no case shall any portion of the wood
forms be left in the concrete
5alsework removal for continuous or cantilevered structures shall be as directed by the
1ngineer or shall be such that the structure is gradually sub"ected to its working stress
When concrete strength tests are used for removal of forms and supports# such removal
should not begin until the concrete has attained the percentage of the specified design strength shown in
the table below
7inimum ,ime 7inimum Percentage
Design 'trength
Centering under girders# beams
frames or arches

5loor slabs
Walls
Columns
'ides of beams and all other
vertical surfaces
$/ days
$/ days
$ day
- days
$ day
J.K
E.K
E.K
E.K
E.K
+n continuous structures# falsework shall not be released in any span until the first and
second ad"oining spans on each side have reached the strength specified herein# or in the 'pecial
'pecifications When castCinCplace post tensioned bridges are constructed# falsework shall remain in
place until all post tensioning has been accomplished
5alsework under all spans of continuous structures shall be completely released before
concrete is placed in railings and parapets +n order to determine the condition of column concrete#
forms shall be removed from columns before releasing supports from beneath beams and girders
5orms and falsework shall not be released from under concrete without first determining if the
concrete has gained adequate strength without regard to the time element +n the absence of strength
determination# the forms and falsework are to remain in place until removal is permitted by the 1ngineer
,he forms for footings constructed within cofferdams or cribs may be left in place when# in
the opinion of the 1ngineer# their removal would endanger the safety of the cofferdam or crib# and when
the forms so left intact will not be e?posed to view in the finished structure )ll other forms shall be
removed whether above or below the ground line or water level
)ll forms shall be removed from the cells of concrete bo? girders in which utilities are present
and all formwork e?cept that necessary to support the deck slab shall be removed from the remaining
cells of the bo? girder
,o facilitate finishing# forms used on ornamental work# railing# parapets and e?posed vertical
surfaces shall be removed in not less than $- nor more than /J hours# depending upon weather
conditions +n order to determine the condition of concrete in columns# forms shall always be removed
from them before the removal of shoring from beneath beams and girders
5alsework and centering for spandrelCfilled arches not be struck until filling at the back of
abutments has been placed up to the spring line 5alsework supporting the deck of rigid frame structure
shall not be removed until fills have been placed back to the vertical legs
40A64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of structural steel# structural concrete# reinforcing steel or other Contract Pay
+tems shall constitute the completed and accepted structure which shall be measured for payment in the
manner prescribed in the several items involved
40A6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as provided in 'ection /.E/# 7ethod of 7easurement shall be paid
for at the contract price for the several pay items which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing# preparing# fabricating# placing# curing and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the +tem 'uch payment shall constitute full payment for the completed structure
ready for use
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/.& ($)
/.& (-)
/.& (B)
/..
$.B
A.$
/./
/.E ($)
Concrete Class )# C U PConcrete
Post@(aluster
0ailings
Parapet Walls
Piling
'tructure 1?cavation
'idewalk Concrete
0einforcing 'teel (ars
3ean Concrete
Cubic 7eter
1ach
3inear 7eter
Cubic 7eter
3inear 7eter
Cubic 7eter
'quare 7eter or
Cubic 7eter
8ilogram
Cubic 7eter
When more than one item is specified# means of identification shall be inserted in parenthesis
immediately after the Pay +tem and letter suffi?es shall be included within the parenthesis of the Pay +tem
6umber
ITEM 40B7 STEEL BRIDGES
40B68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the construction of steel structure conforming to the lines# grades#
dimensions and designs shown on the Plans and in accordance with the 'pecifications for piling#
concrete metal reinforcement# structural steel and other items which constitute the completed structure
40B62 Mt%#'-*
)ll materials shall conform to the detailed requirements specified for the component parts of
the completed structure Where special materials are required# they shall be shown on the Plans or in
the 'pecial Provisions
40B6: C)!*t#+&t')! M%t0)"*
40B6:68 O#/!'>t')! !" E9+'$5%!t
During the progress of the work the Contractor shall have a competent foreman or
superintendent# e?perienced in steel erection# in personal charge of the work
(efore starting work# the Contractor shall inform the 1ngineer as to the method of erection he
proposes to follow and the amount and character of equipment he proposes to use# which shall be
sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer ,he approval of the 1ngineer shall not be considered as
relieving the Contractor of the responsibility for the safety of his method or equipment or from carrying
out the work in full accordance with the Plans and 'pecifications 1rection diagrams shall be approved
by the Director# (ureau of Design

40B6:62 H!"-'!/ !" St)#'!/ Mt%#'-*
'teel and timber shall be placed on skids above the ground and shall be kept clean ,he
underlying ground shall be kept free from vegetation and properly drained 9irders and beams shall be
placed upright and shored 3ong members# such as columns and chords# shall be supported on skids
placed close enough together to prevent in"ury by deflection ,he Contractor shall be responsible for the
loss of any material# which has been paid for by the (ureau# while it is in his care# or for any damage#
resulting from his work ,he loading# transporting# unloading and piling of structural material shall be
so conducted that the metal will be kept free from in"ury from rough handling
40B6:6: E#%&t')!
,he Contractor shall furnish and place all falsework# erect all metal work# remove the
temporary construction# and do all work required to complete the structure as covered by the Contract#
including the removal of the old structure or structures if so stipulated# all in accordance with the Plans
and these 'pecifications
+f the substructure and superstructure are built under separate contracts# the Department will
provide the substructure# constructed to correct lines and elevations and properly finished# and will
establish the lines and elevation required for setting the steel
+f the fabrication and erection of the superstructure are done under separate contract# the
Department will furnish detail plans for the bridge or bridges to be erected# including shop details#
camber diagrams# erection diagrams# list of field rivets and bolts# and copy of shipping statements
showing a list of parts and their weights
,he Contractor shall provide all tools# machinery# and appliances including drift pins and
fitting up bolts# necessary for the e?peditious handling of the work
,he falsework shall be properly designed# substantially built and maintained for the loads
which will come upon it ,he Contractor# shall prepare and submit to the 1ngineer for approval plans for
falsework or for changes in e?isting structure necessary for maintaining traffic )pproval of the
ContractorDs plans shall not be considered as relieving him of any responsibility
,he parts shall be accurately assembled as shown on the Plans and any matchmarks shall
be followed ,he material shall be carefully handled that no parts will be bent# broken or otherwise
damaged 6o hammering shall be done that will in any way in"ure or damage a member (earing
surface and surfaces to be in permanent contact shall be cleaned before the members are assembled
2nless erected by the cantilever method# truss spans shall be erected on blocking so placed as to give
the trusses proper camber ,he blocking shall be left in place# until the tension chord splices are fully
riveted and all other truss connection pinned and bolted 0ivets in splices of butts "oints of compression
members and rivets in railings shall not be driven until the span is swung 'plices and filled connections
shall have oneChalf of the holes filled with bolts and cylindrical erection pin (half bolts and half pins)
before riveting 'plices and connections carrying traffic during erection shall have threeCfourths of the
holes so filled 5itting up bolts shall be of the same nominal diameter as the rivets and cylindrical
erection pins shall be .E& mm ($@B- inch) larger
40B6:64 W%-"'!/
Where so indicated on the Plans# structural members shall be "oined by welding ,he welds
shall be of the si!e and type indicated and shall be made by competent operators 'hop welding shall
conform in all details to the 'tandard 'pecifications for Welded Highway and 0ailway (ridges of the
)merican Welding 'ociety 5ield welding shall conform to the requirement of +tem /.%# Welded
'tructural 'teel
40B6:6? B%!t Mt%#'-
,he straightening of plates# angles# and other shapes shall be done by methods not likely to
produce fractures or other in"ury ,he metal shall not be heated 5ollowing the straightening of a bend or
buckle# the surface shall be carefully inspected for evidence of fracture 'harpkinks and bends may be
cause for the re"ection of the material
40B6:6@ A-'/!5%!t
(efore beginning the field riveting# the structural steel shall be ad"usted to correct grade and
alignment and elevation of panel points (end of floor beams) properly regulated 5or truss spans a slight
e?cess camber will be permitted while the bottom chords are being riveted
40B6:6A F'%-" R';%t'!/
Pneumatic hammers shall be used for field riveting CupCfaced dollies# fitting the head
closely# shall be used to insure good bearing Connections shall be secured and accurately fitted up
before the rivets are driven Drifting shall be only such as to draw the parts into position and not
sufficient to enlarge the holes or distort the metal 2nfair holes shall be reamed or drilled 0ivets shall
be heated uniformly to light cherryCred color and shall be driven while hot ,hey shall not be overheated
or burned 0ivet heads shall be full and symmetrical# concentric with the shank# and shall have full
bearing all around ,hey shall not be smaller than the heads of the shop rivets 0ivets shall be tight and
shall grip the connected parts securely together Caulking or recupping will not be permitted +n
removing rivets# the surrounding metal shall not be in"ured# and if necessary they shall be drilled out
40B6:6B B)-t%" C)!!%&t')!*
+n bolted connections# the nut shall be drawn up tight and set by center punching the threads
of the bolt at the face of the nut
40B6:6C P'! C)!!%&t')!*
Pilot and driving nuts shall be used in driving pins Pins shall be so driven that the members
will take full bearing on them Pin nuts shall be screwed up tight and threads burred at the face of the nut
with a center punch
40B6:680 M'*('t* !" S0)$ E##)#*
,he connection of minor misfits involving nonCharmful amounts of reaming# cutting and
chipping will be considered a legitimate part of the erection However# any error in the shop fabrication or
deformation resulting from handling and transportation which prevents the proper assembling and fitting
up of parts by the moderate use of drift pins or a moderate amount of reaming and slight chipping and
cutting shall be reported immediately to the 1ngineer# and his approval of the method of correction
obtained +f the Contract provides for completed fabrication and erection# the Contractor shall be
responsible for all misfits# errors and in"uries and shall make the necessary correction and replacements
+f the Contract is for erection only# the inspector# with the cooperation of the Contractor shall keep a
correct record of labor and materials and be used in correction of misfits# errors and in"uries# not due to
actions of the Contractor# and the Contractor shall render within B. days of itemi!ed bill for the approval
of the 1ngineer
40B6:688 P-&'!/ A!&0)# B)-t*
)nchor bolts shall be placed as provided under +tem /.E# Concrete 'tructures or as shown
on the Plans
40B6:682 S%tt'!/ S0)%* !" B%#'!/
'hoes and bearing plates shall not be placed on bridge seat bearing areas that are
improperly finished or that are deformed or irregular ,hey shall be set level in e?act position and
elevation and shall have full even bearing 2nless otherwise specified# the shoes and bearing plates
shall be set by the following methods<
a ,he bridge seat bearing area shall be heavily coated with lead paint and then covered
with three layers of B/.- to BA%J g ($- to $/ ounces) duck# each layer being coated
thoroughly on its top surface with redClead paint ,he shoes and bearing plates shall be
placed in position while the paint is plastic )s an alternate to canvas and red lead B
mm ($@J inch) sheet lead may be used if called for on the Plans or is approved by the
1ngineer
b ,he shoes and bearing plates shall be properly supported and fi?ed with grout 6o lead
shall be placed upon them until the grout has set for at least %A hours# adequate
provision being made to keep the grout well moistened during this period ,he grout
shall consist of one part Portland Cement to one part fineCgrained sand
,he location of the anchor bolts in relation to the slotted holes in the e?pansion shoes
correspond to the temperature at the time of erection ,he nuts on the anchor bolts at the e?pansion end
of spans shall be ad"usted to permit the free movement of span )nchor bolt nuts shall be set by center
punching the threads of the bolts at the face of the nut
40B6:68: P'!t'!/
2nless otherwise specified# metal work shall be given two shop coats of red lead paint and
two field coats of paint as specified under +tem /$$# Paint
40B6:684 P-&'!/ C)!&#%t%
4n steel spans# the concrete floor shall not be placed until the span has been swung or
released from the falsework
,he concrete shall be placed symmetrically on the span beginning at the center and working
simultaneously towards each end or beginning at the ends and working simultaneously towards the
center +n either case# the concrete shall be placed continuously between construction "oints designated
on the Plans or approved in writing by the 1ngineer
Concrete shall be cured specified under +tem /.E# Concrete 'tructures
40B6:68? T'5,%# F-))#*
,imber floors of the species and grade indicated on the plans shall be built as specified
under ,imber 'tructures# +tem /.-
40B6:68@ F'%-" I!*$%&t')!
)ll materials and work of erection shall be sub"ect to the inspection of the 1ngineer# who shall
be given all facilities required
7aterials and workmanship not previously inspected will not inspected after its delivery to the
site of the work )ny materials inspected and accepted prior to delivery on the work shall be sub"ect to
re"ection if found defective after delivery
40B64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of structural steel and other Contract Pay +tems which constitute the completed
and accepted structure shall be measured for payment in the manner prescribed in the several items
involved
40B6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities# measured as prescribed above# shall be paid for at the contract until price for
the several Pay +tems which price and payments shall be full compensation for furnishing# preparing#
fabricating# transporting# placing and erecting all structural steel and all other materials for the complete
structure> for all shop work# painting and field work> for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the item 'uch payment shall constitute full payment for the completed structure
ready for use# and no allowance shall be made for cofferdam construction# falsework# or other erection
e?penses as provided under 'ubsection /.JB$.
ITEM 40C 7 WELDED STRUCTURAL STEEL
40C68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his work shall consist of the "oining of structural steel members with welds of the type#
dimensions# and design shown on the Plans and in accordance with the 'pecifications
+t is the intent of this 'pecification to provide for work of a quality comparable to that required
under the 'tandard 'pecifications for Welded Highway and 0ailway (ridges of the )merican Welding
'ociety +n case of dispute or for situations not adequately provided for in this 'pecification# those
designated 'tandard 'pecifications shall be considered as the final authority and shall govern e?cept as
amended by the 'pecial Provisions
Welding of 'tructural 'teel shall be done only when shown on the Plans or authori!ed in
writing by the 1ngineer
40C62 Mt%#'-* R%9+'#%5%!t*
'teel base metal to be welded shall be openChearth or electric furnace steel conforming to
))'H,4 7 $JB
)ll arcCwelding electrodes shall conform to the requirements of )merican Welding 'ociety
'pecifications 1lectrodes shall be of classification numbers 1E.$A# 1E.$J or 1E.-J as required for the
positions# type of current and polarity# and other conditions of intended use# and to conform to any
special requirements indicated on the Plans
5iller material to be used in the repair or strengthening of old structures or for "oining new
parts to e?isting steel members# shall be adopted to the material to be welded and may depart from the
foregoing requirements only if agreed by the 1ngineer
40C6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
40C6:68 E9+'$5%!t
40C6:6868 G%!%#-
)ll items of equipment for welding and gas cutting shall be so designed and manufactured
and in such condition as to enable qualified welders to follow the procedures and attain the results
prescribed in this 'pecification
40C6:6862 A#&DW%-"'!/ E9+'$5%!t
Welding generators and transformers shall be designed e?pressly for welding ,hey shall be
capable of delivering steady currents ad"ustable through a range ample for the work requirements ,hey
shall respond automatically and quickly to changes in power requirements due to variations in arc length
and shall deliver full current promptly on striking an arc
Welding cable shall have sufficient conductivity to avoid overheating and inadequate current
at the arc and shall be effectively insulated against welding circuit voltage 1arth or ground connections
and circuits shall be secured and adequate to carry the welding currents
1lectrode holders shall grip the electrode firmly and with good electrical contact
)pproved automatic welding heads may be used# with suitable au?iliary handling equipment
to provide automatic instead of manual control of electrode and welding arc
40C6:686: G*DC+tt'!/ E9+'$5%!t
,orches and tips shall be of proper si!e and type of the work at hand 'uitable regulators
shall afford the welder complete control over the pressure and rate of flow of each gas
40C6:6864 P#)t%&t';% E9+'$5%!t
)ll personnel protective equipment shall conform to the )merican 'tandard )ssociation Code
for such equipment
,he Contractor shall enforce the use of approved accessories necessary for the protection
and convenience of the welders and for the proper and efficient e?ecution of the work
'uitable protection against the light of the arc shall be maintained by the Contractor when
arcCwelding operation might be viewed within harmful range by persons other than the actual welders
and inspectors
40C6:62 W%-"'!/
40C6:6268 G%!%#-
Welding shall be performed by the metalCarc process# using the electrodes specified with
either direct or alternating current
'urfaces to be welded shall be smooth# uniform and free from fins# tears# and other defects
which would adversely affect the quality of the weld 1dges of material shall be trimmed by machining#
chipping# grinding# or machine gasCcutting to produce a satisfactory welding edge wherever such edge is
thicker than< $B mm for sheared edge of material> $A mm for toes of angles or rolled shapes (other than
wide flange sections)> -& mm for universal mill plate or edges of flange sections
,he width of root face used# shall be not more than $& mm for parts less than $. mm in
thickness nor more than B mm for parts $. mm or more in thickness
(utt welds shall be proportioned so that their surface contours will lie in gradual transition
curves 5or butt welded "oints between base metal parts of unequal thickness# a transition shall be
provided on a slope or level not greater than $ in -& to "oin the offset surfaces ,his transition may be
provided by sloping the surface of the weld metal or by bevelling the thicker part or by combination of
these two methods
'urfaces to be welded shall be free from loose scale# slag# rust# grease or other material that
will prevent proper welding 7ill scale that withstands vigorous wire brushing or a light film of drying oil
or rust inhibitive coating may remain 'urfaces within &. mm of any weld location shall be free of any
paint or other material that would prevent proper welding or produce ob"ectionable fumes while welding
6o operation or actual welding or gasCcutting shall be performed on a member while it is
carrying live load stress or while sub"ect to shock and vibration and from moving loads Welding and
gasCcutting shall cease in advance of the application of such loads
40C6:6262 W%-"%#*
)ll welding shall be done by approved competent and e?perienced and fully qualified
welders
40C6:626: P#%$#t')! )( Mt%#'-* ()# W%-"'!/
Dimensional tolerance# straightness and flatness of the structural shapes and plates shall be
within the limits prescribed in this 'pecification
'tructural steel which is to be welded shall preferably not be painted until all welding is
completed
Preparation of edges by gasCcutting shall# wherever practicable# be done by machine gasC
cutting 7achine gasCcutting edges shall be substantially as smooth and regular as those produced by
edge planning and shall be left free of slag 7anual gas cutting shall be permitted only where machine
gasCcutting is not practicable and with the approval of the 1ngineer ,he edge resulting from manual
gasCcutting shall be inspected and smoothed with special care )ll reCentrant corners shall be filleted to a
radius at least $% mm ,he cut lines shall not e?tend beyond the fillet and all cutting shall follow closely
the line prescribed
40C6:6264 A**%5,-2
,he parts to be "oined by fillet welds shall be brought into a close contact as practicable# and
no event shall be separated more than & mm +f the separation is $& mm or greater# the leg of the fillet
weld shall be increased by the amount of separation ,he separation between faying surfaces of lap
"oints and of butt "oints landing on a backing structure shall not e?ceed $& mm ,he fit of "oints which
are not sealed by welds throughout their length shall be sufficiently close to e?clude water after painting
Where irregularities in rolled shape or plates# after straightening# do not permit contact within the above
limits# the procedure necessary to bring the material within these limits shall be sub"ect to the approval of
the 1ngineer
Cutting parts to be "oined by butt welds shall be carefully aligned Where the parts are
effectively restrained against bending due to eccentricity or alignment# a ma?imum offset of $. percent of
the thickness or the thinner part "oined# but in no case more than B mm# may be permitted as a departure
from the theoretical alignment +n connecting alignment in such cases# the parts shall not be drawn into a
greater slope than two degrees ($ in B.) 7easurement of offset shall be between centerline of parts
unless otherwise shown on the Plans
When parts abutting edge to edge differ in thickness# the "oint shall be of such form that the
slope of either surface through the transition !one does not e?ceed $ in -&# the thicker part being
bevelled# if necessary
7embers to be welded shall be brought into correct alignment and held in position by bolts#
clamps# wedges# guy lines# struts# other suitable devices or tack welds until welding has been completed
,he use of "igs and fi?tures is recommended where practicable 'uch fastening devices as may be used
shall be adequate to insure safety
Plug and slot welds may be used to transmit shear in a lap "oint or to prevent the buckling or
separation of lapped parts
,he diameter of the hole for a plug weld shall not be less than the thickness of the part
containing it plus J mm nor shall it be greater than --& times the thickness of the weld
,he minimum center spacing of plug welds shall be four times the diameter of the hole
,he length of the slot for a slot weld not e?ceed ten times the thickness of the weld ,he
width of the slot shall not be less than the thickness of the part containing it plus J mm nor shall it be
greater than --& times the thickness of the weld
,he ends of the slot shall be semicircular or shall have the corners rounded to a radius not
less than the thickness of the part containing it# e?cept those ends which e?tend to the edge of the part
,he minimum spacing of lines of slot welds in a direction transverse to their length shall be /
times the width of the slot ,he minimum center to center spacing in a longitudinal direction on any line
shall be - times the length of the slot
,he thickness of plug or slot welds in material $A mm or less in thickness shall be equal to
the thickness of the material +n material over $A mm in thickness# it shall be at least oneChalf the
thickness of the material but not less than $A mm
,ack welds# located where the final welds will later be made# shall be sub"ect to the same
quality requirements as the final weld ,ack welds shall be as small as practicable and where
encountered in the final welding# shall be cleaned and fused thoroughly with the final weld Defective#
cracked or broken tack welds shall be removed before final welding
7embers or component parts of structures shall be assembled and matchmarked prior to
erection to insure accurate assembly and ad"ustment of position on final erection Painted assembly
marks shall be removed from any surface to be welded
40C6:626? C)!t#)- )( D'*t)#t')! !" S0#'!./% St#%**%*
+n assembling and "oining parts of a structure or a builtCup member and in welding reinforcing
parts to e?isting members# the procedure and sequence of welding shall be such as will avoid distortion
and minimi!e shrinkage stresses
)s far as practicable# long parallel lines of welding on a part or member shall be e?ecuted
concurrently# and all welds shall be deposited in a sequence that will balance the applied heat of welding
on various sides as much as possible while the welding progresses
(efore the commencement of welding on a structural member in which severe shrinkage
stresses or distortion are likely to occur# a complete program for welding sequence and distortion control
shall be submitted to the 1ngineer and shall be sub"ect to his approval
,he direction of the general progression in welding on a member shall be from points where
parts are relatively fi?ed in position# with respect to each other# toward points which have a greater
relative freedom of movement
Where part or member is to be welded on both ends into a rigid structure or assembly# the
connection at which the greatest shrinkage will occur in the direction of the length of the part or member#
shall be made while the part or member is free to move in the direction of the shrinkage> and the
connection involving the least shrinkage shall be made last
) weld designed to sustain tensile stress shall be made in such a way that their welding is
being performed at any point# all parts that would offer restraint against shrinkage can shrink# deform or
move enough to preclude serious shrinkage stresses
+n welding of builtCup members of heavy sections# particularly those , or HCshapes where the
flanges are considerably heavier than the stems or webs# and in any case where the component parts
are BJ mm or greater in thickness# special care shall be e?ercised during welding to avoid weld cracking
+n the welding of members of such heavy section# the temperature of contiguous areas about a welding
operation shall be equal# and not less than &&
o
C +f necessary# the lighter parts shall be heated while the
weld is cooling# to keep the temperature of contiguous parts substantially equal
+n the fabrication of coverCplated beams and builtCup members# all shop splices in each
component part shall be made before such component part is welded to other parts of the member
+n making all buttCwelded splices in rolled shapes and in making buttCwelded field splices in
builtCup sections (such as in H or +Csections) the sequence and procedure of welding shall be such as to
take into account unequal amounts of e?pansion or contraction in the parts being welded ,he procedure
and sequence shall be such that while the weld and the heated base metal are contracting at any point#
any part of the member that would furnish restraint against such contraction can move or shrink enough
to prevent the shrinkage of the heated metal from producing harmful internal stresses ,he procedure
and sequence that is used for making such splices shall be planned in advance in full detail and
submitted to the 1ngineer and shall be sub"ect to his approval
,he ends of all butt welds in flanges of beams and girders shall be made with e?tension bars
regardless of the thickness of such flanges
Welding shall not be done when surfaces are wet from condensation or rain which is falling
on the surfaces to be welded> nor during periods of high winds unless the welding operator and the work
are properly protected
40C6:626@ T%&0!'9+% )( A#&0DW%-"'!/
,he welding current shall conform with respect to voltage and current (and polarity# of direct
current is used) to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the electrode being used# as indicated in
the instructions that are included with each container of electrodes
)rc lengths and electrical potential and current shall be suited to the thickness of material#
type of groove and other circumstances attendant to the work
,he ma?imum si!e of electrode permitted shall be & mm with the following e?ceptions<
$ ,he ma?imum si!e for flat position welding of all passes e?cept the root pass shall be J
mm
- ,he ma?imum si!e for hori!ontal fillet welds shall be A mm
,he electrode for the single pass fillet weld and for the root passes of all multiple layer welds
in all cases shall be of the proper si!e to insure thorough fusion and penetration with freedom from slag
inclusions
) single layer of the weld metal# whether depositedCin one pass or made up of several
parallel beads# shall not e?ceed B mm in thickness e?cept that the bead at the root may be A mm in
thickness if the position of welding and the viscosity of the weld metal permit control of the latter so that it
does not over flow upon unfused base metal
,he ma?imum si!e of fillet weld which may be made in one pass shall be J mm e?cept that
for vertical welds made upward the ma?imum si!e made in one pass shall be $B mm
+n vertical welding the first root pass shall be formed from the bottom upward 'ucceeding
passes may be formed by any technique that will fulfill the requirements of the 'pecification and Plans
,he electrode manipulation during welding shall insure that<
$ Complete fusion between the base metal and the deposited weld metal is obtained
- ,he melted base metal is replaced by weld metal so that no undercut remains along the
edges of the finished weld
B ,he molten weld metal floats all slag# o?ide and gases to the surface behind the
advancing arc
1ach time the arc is started# either to begin a weld or to continue partly completed weld# the
arch shall be manipulated to obtain complete fusion of the deposited weld metal with the base metal and
with any previously deposited weld metal# before any progression of the arc along the "oint
)t the completion of a pass or weld# the arc shall be manipulated so as to fill the crater with
sound metal
(efore welding over previously deposited metal# the slag shall be removed and the weld and
ad"acent base metal shall be brushed clean ,his requirement shall apply not only to cratered areas but
also when welding is resumed after any interruption +t shall not# however# restrict the making of plug and
slot welds# in accordance with the following paragraphs
+n making plug welds the following techniques shall be used<
$ 5or flat welds# the arc shall be carried around the root of the "oint and then weaved
along a spiral path to the center of the hole# fusing and depositing a layer of weld metal
in the root and bottom of the "oint ,he arc shall then be carried to the periphery of the
hole# and the procedure repeated# fusing and depositing successive layers to fill the
hole to the depth required ,he slag covering the weld metal shall be kept molten# or
nearly so# until the weld is finished +f the arc is broken# e?cept briefly for changing
electrodes# the slag must be allowed to cool and shall be completely removed before
restarting the weld
- 5or vertical welds# the arc shall be started at the root of the "oint# at the lower side of the
hole and carried upward on the !ig!ag path# depositing a layer about & mm thick on the
e?posed face at the thinner plate and fused to it and to the side of the hole )fter
cleaning the slag from the weld# other layers shall be similarly deposited to fill the hole
to the required depth
B 5or overhead welds# the procedure shall be the same as for flat welds e?cept that the
slag shall be allowed to cool and shall be completely removed after depositing each
successive layer until the hole is filled to the required depth
'lot welds shall be made with a technique similar to that specified above for plug welds#
e?cept that if the length of the slot e?ceeds three times the width# or if the slot e?tends to the edges of the
part of the technique specified above for making plug welds shall be followed for the type of flat position
welds
40C6:626A D%t'-* )( W%-"*
,he following tabulation shows that the relation between weld si!e and the ma?imum
thickness of material on which various si!es of fillet welds may be used<
'i!e of 5illet Weld 7a?imum ,hickness of Part
& mm
A mm
J mm
$. mm
$B mm
$A mm over
$B mm
$% mm
B- mm
&$ mm
$&- mm
$&- mm
,he ma?imum si!e of fillet weld that may be used along the edge of material A mm or more in
thickness shall be $& mm less than the thickness of the material
,he minimum effective length of fillet weld shall be four times its si!e and in no case less than
BJ mm
5illet welds terminating at the corners of parts or members shall# wherever practicable# be
turned continuously full si!e around the corners for a distance not less than twice the nominal si!e of the
weld
+ntermittent fillet welds# preferably# shall not be used ,hey shall be permitted only where the
required weld area is less than that of a continuous fillet weld of the minimum si!e +f used on main
members# they shall be chain intermittent welds +n all other cases# chain intermittent welding is
preferable to staggered intermittent welding
'pacing of intermittent fillet welds shall be measured between the center of the weld
segments ,he spacing shall conform to the following requirements unless calculated stresses between
the parts require closer spacing<
$ )t the end of members# there shall preferably be continuous longitudinal fillet welds at
least as long as the width of the element or member being connected
- ,he clear spacing in the direction of stress of stitch welds that connect plates to other
plates or to shapes shall not e?ceed<
a 5or compression members X$. times the thickness of the thinner part but not more than B.. mm
b 5or tension members X $/ times the thickness of the thinner part but not more than B.. mm
,he spacing transverse to the direction of stress shall not e?ceed -/ times the
thickness of the thinner part connected
B 5or members composed of two or more rolled shapes in contact with one another# the
longitudinal spacing of stitch welds shall not e?ceed A.. mm
5illet welds in holes or slots may be used to transmit shear in lap "oints or to prevent the
buckling or separation of lapped parts ,he fillet welds in a hole or slot may overlap
'eal welding shall preferably be accomplished by a continuous weld combining the function
of sealing and strength# changing sections only as the required strength may necessitate
1?posed faces of welds shall be made reasonably smooth and regular# shall conform as
closely as practicable to the design requirements and shall not at any place be inside the intended crossC
section Weld dimension in e?cess of the design requirements shall not be a cause for re"ection# but in
case e?cess weld metal involves serious malformation# such work shall be re"ected
)ll fillet welds shall be of acceptable types )ll fillet welds that carry reversed stresses
running in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal a?is shall be of the concave type or the .Cgee
type when the fillet weld is flushed with the edge of a member When one of these types is specifically
indicated on the Plans for a weld# it shall be of that type
(utt welds shall preferably be made with a slight reinforcement# e?cept as may be otherwise
provided# and shall have no defects ,he height of reinforcement shall be not more than B mm
)ll butt welds# e?cept produced with aid of backing material# shall have the root of the initial
layer chipped out or otherwise cleaned to sound metal and welded in accordance with the requirements
of the 'pecification (utt welds made with the use of a backing of the same materials as the base metal
shall have the weld metal thoroughly fused with the backing materials
1nds of butt welds shall be e?tended past the edges of the parts "oined by means of
e?tension bars providing a similar "oint preparation and having a width not less than the thickness of the
thicker part "ointed> or for material $% mm or less in thickness# the ends of the welds shall be chipped or
cut down to solid metal and side welds applied to fill out the ends to the same reinforcement as the face
of the welds 1?tension bars shall be removed upon completion and cooling of the weld and the ends of
the weld made smooth and flush with the edges of the abutting parts
40C6:626B Q+-'t2 )( W%-"*
Weld metal shall be solid throughout e?cept that very small gas pockets and small inclusions
of o?ide or slag may be accepted if well dispersed and if none e?ceeds $& mm in greatest dimension#
and if the sum of the greatest dimensions of all such defects of weld metal area does not e?ceed $& mm
in an area of $. cm
-

,here shall be complete fusion between the weld metal and the base metal and between
successive passes throughout the "oint
Welds shall be free from overlap and the base metal free from undercutting )ll craters shall
be filled to the full crossCsection of the welds
40C6:626C C)##%&t')!
+n lieu of re"ection of an entire piece of member containing welding which is unsatisfactory or
indicates inferior workmanship# the following corrective measures may be permitted by the 1ngineer
whose specific approval shall be obtained for making each correction<
$ 0emoval of part or all of the welds shall be affected by chipping# grinding or gasC
gouging
- Defective or unsound welds shall be corrected either by removing and replacing the
welds# or as follows<
a 1?cessive conve?ity = 0educe to si!e by removal of e?cess weld metal
b 'hrinkage crack in base metal# craters and e?cessive porosity = 0emove defective portion of base and weld
metal down to sound metal and deposit additional weld metal
c 2ndercutting# undersi!e and e?cessive concavity = Clean and deposit additional
weld metal
d 4verlapping and lack of fusion = 0emove and replace the defective length of
weld
e 'lag inclusion = 0emove those parts of the weld containing slag and fill with weld
metal
f 0emoval of ad"acent base metal during welding = Clean and form full si!e by
depositing additional weld metal
B Where corrections require the depositing of additional weld metal# the electrode used
shall be smaller than the electrode used in making the original weld
/ ) cracked weld shall be removed throughout its length# unless by the use of acid
etching# magnetic inspection or other equally positive means# the e?tent of the crack
can be ascertained to be limited# in which case sound metal &. mm or more beyond
each end of the crack need not be removed
& +n removing defective parts of a weld# the gasCgouging# chipping or grinding shall not
e?tend into the base metal any substantial amount beyond the depth of the web
penetration unless cracks or other defects e?ist in the base metal
A Where the work performed subsequent to the making of a deficient weld has rendered
the weld inaccessible or has caused new conditions which would make the correction
of the deficiency dangerous or ineffectual# the original condition shall be restored by
renewal of welds or members# or both before making the necessary corrections# or else
the deficiency shall be compensated by additional work according to a revised design
approved by the 1ngineer
E Caulking of welds shall not be done
J (efore adding weld metal or rewelding# the surfaces shall be cleaned thoroughly
Where incomplete fusion is disclosed by chipping# grinding or gas gouging# to correct
defects# that part of the weld shall be removed and rewelded
40C6:62680 St#%** R%-'%;'!/
Peening to reduce residual stress of multiClayer welds may be used only if authori!ed and
ordered by the 1ngineer Care shall be e?ercised to prevent overpeening which may cause overlapping#
scaling# flecking or e?cessive cold working of weld and base metal
40C6:62688 C-%!'!/ !" P#)t%&t';% C)t'!/*
Painting shall not be done until the work has been accepted and shall be in accordance with
the 'pecification ,he surface to be painted shall be cleaned of spatter# rust# loose scale# oil and dirt
'lag shall be cleaned from all welds
Welds that are to be galvani!ed shall be treated to remove every particle of slag
40C6:62682 I"%!t'('&t')!
,he operator shall place his identification mark with crayon# or paint# near the welds made by
him
40C6:6268: I!*$%&t')!
4n completion of the welding work# inspection shall be carried out by an +nspector appointed
by the 1ngineer
,he si!e and contour of welds shall be measured with suitable gauges ,he inspector shall
identify with a distinguishing mark all welds that he has inspected and accepted
,he Contractor shall remove and replace# or correct as instructed# all welds found defective
or deficient He shall also replace all methods found to produce inferior results# with methods which will
produce satisfactory work
+n the event that fault welding or the removal for rewelding of faulty welding shall damage the
base metal# the Contractor shall remove and replace the damaged material
40C64 M%*+#%5%!t !" P25%!t
2nless otherwise provided in the 'pecial Provisions# welded structural steel structures shall
not be measured and paid for separately# but the cost thereof shall be considered as included in the
contract price for other items
ITEM 480 7 TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER
48068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of structural timber of the specie and si!e called for on the Plans#
either treated or untreated as called for in the Proposal +t shall include the furnishing of the timber# the
framing# erecting# furnishing of hardware and the furnishing of paint and paintings if paint is called for on
the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions
48062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
4806268 T'5,%#
,imber shall be the specie specified on the Plans 2nless otherwise noted on the Plans or in
the 'pecial Provisions# only the best grade shall be used +t shall be free from loose knots# splits# worm
holes decay# warp# ring separation# or any defect which will impair its strength or render it unfit for its
intended use )ny specie specified on the Plans may be used for untreated timber and if that specie is
not available# a specie of equivalent strength and durability may be used if authori!ed by the 1ngineer
+f the timber is to be treated# only those species shall be used which are known to possess properties
which make them favorable to treatment
4806262 P'!t
When painting of timber is required# the paint shall conform to the requirements of +tem /$$#
Paint
480626: H#"1#%
Hardware shall conform to the requirements of +tem /.-# ,imber 'tructures
4806264 P#%*%#;t';%*
,he preservatives shall be creosote oil or creosote petroleum oil blend as called for on the
Plans or by the 'pecial Provisions# and shall conform to the 'tandard 'pecifications for Pressure
,reatment of ,imber Products# )',7 DC$EA.
When timber is intended for marine use# the creosote petroleum oil blend shall not be used
4806: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4806:68 T'5,%# T#%t5%!t
,reatment shall consist of the forcing of either creosote oil or a creosote petroleum oil mi?ture
into the outer fibers of the timber by a heat and pressure process ,he process shall be in accordance
with ))'H,4 7 $BB# preservatives and pressure treatment process for timber# but with such changes in
temperatures# pressures# duration of treatment and other factors affecting the final treatment that
e?perience has shown to be necessary in the treatment of structural timbers sawn from woods native to
the Philippines ,he treatment shall be so regulated that the curing process will not induce e?cessive
checking
,he minimum penetration of the preservative into the surface of the timber shall be -. mm
,he minimum retention of the preservative per cubic metre of timber shall be as follows<
5or general use# $%- kg by empty cell process
5or marine use# B-. kg by full cell process
,he 1ngineer shall be notified at least $. days in advance of the date that the treating
process will be performed in order that the untreated timber# the treatment process# and the finished
treatment timber may all be inspected ,he 1ngineer shall inspect the timber prior to treatment to
determine conformance with those 'pecifications and suitability of conditions for treatment He shall be
permitted free access to the plant in order that temperatures# pressures and quantities and type of
treatment materials used may be observed 'amples of the creosote or creosote petroleum oil mi?ture
shall be furnished as required for tests
)fter completion of the treatment# the timber shall be checked to determine penetration of
treatment# amount of checking quantity of free preservative remaining on the timber and will check any
other visual evidence that the treatment has been performed in a satisfactory manner ,he penetration of
treatment shall be determined by boring a sufficient number of wellCdistributed holes to determine the
average penetration )ll such holes shall be plugged with plugs appro?imately $A mm larger in diameter
that the bit used in boring the holes
+f the penetration of preservative is less than the required amount# the entire charge# or such
parts thereof as are determined by the +nspector to be unsatisfactory# may be retreated +f after
retreatment the penetration is still insufficient# the treated pieces shall be re"ected
)ny e?cessive checking caused by the treating process shall be cause for re"ection of the
pieces in which the e?cessive checking occurs
,he treating plant shall be equipped with adequate thermometers and pressure gauges so
that the process can be accurately controlled and a continuous record made of all stages of the treating
process +f required by the 1ngineer# records shall be furnished showing the duration# ma?imum and
minimum temperatures and pressures used during all stages of the process
48064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meter of timber complete in place
and accepted 7easurement of timber shall be computed from the nominal dimension of the timber even
though the actual dimensions may be scant ,he measurement of timber shall include only such timber
as a part of the completed and accepted work and will not include any timber required for a falsework#
bracing or other timber required in the erection
48064 B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities# determined as provided in 'ection /$./# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be
paid for at the contract unit price per cubic meter for ,imber or 2ntreated ,imber as called for in the
Proposal# which price and payment shall constitute full compensate for furnishing all timber# for
preservative treating when required# and for the delivery# framing# erecting# painting if required# and for
the furnishing of all labor# hardware# tools# equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/$. ($)
/$. (-)
,imber
,reated ,imber
Cubic 7eter
Cubic 7eter
ITEM 488 7 PAINT

48868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and applying all paint materials including vehicles#
pigments# pastes# driers# thinners and mi?ed paints for steel and wooden structures> sampling testing
and packing> preparation of the surface and application of paint to structures
48862 Mt%#'-* R%9+'#%5%!t*
4886268 G%!%#-
Paint# e?cept aluminum paint# shall consist of pigments of the required fineness and
composition ground to the desired consistency in linseed oil in a suitable grinding machine# to which shall
be added additional oil# thinner and drier as required
)luminum paint shall consist of aluminum powder or paste of the required fineness and
composition to which shall be added the specified amount of vehicle
,he paint shall be furnished for use in ready mi?ed# paste or powder form
)ll paints shall meet the following general requirements<
$ ,he paint shall show no e?cessive settling and shall easily redisperse with a paddle to a
smooth# homogeneous state ,he paint shall show no curdling# livering# caking or color
separation and shall be free from lumps and skins
- ,he paint as received shall brush easily# possess good leveling properties and shall
show no running or sagging when applied to a smooth vertical surface
B ,he paint shall dry to a smooth uniform finish# free from roughness grit# unevenness
and other imperfections
/ ,he paint shall not skin within /J hours in a N filled tightly closed container
4886262 ,he paint shall conform to the requirements of the 'pecifications indicated as follows<
0eady 7i?ed 0ed 3ead
Paint
)luminum Paint
White U ,inted 0eady 7i?ed Paint
5oliage 9reen (ridge Paint
(lack Paint for (ridges
)nd ,imber 'tructures
(asic 3eadC'ilicoCChromate
0eady 7i?ed Primer
0eady 7i?ed )luminum Paint
))'H,4 7 E- and P6'
,ype +# ++# +++ U +*
))'H,4 7 A% and P6'
,ype + U ++
))'H,4 7 E.
))'H,4 7 AE
))'H,4 7 AJ
))'H,4 7 --%
))'H,4 7 -A. and P6'
488626: D#'%#
,his 'pecification covers both straight oil drier (material free from resins and gums)# and
;apan drier (material containing varnish gums) ,he drier shall be composed of lead manganese or
cobalt or a mi?ture of any of these elements# combined with a suitable fatty oil# with or without resins or
gums# and mineral spirits or turpentine# or a mi?ture of these solvents ,he drier shall conform to the
following requirements<
$ )ppearance = 5ree from sediment and suspended matter
- 5lash Point = (,ag Close 2p) 6ot less than B.
o
C
B 1lasticity = ,he drier when flowed on metal and baked for - hours at $..
o
C shall have
an elastic film
/ Drying = +t shall mi? with pure raw linseed oil in the proportion of $ volume of drier to $%
volume of oil without curdling and the resulting mi?ture when flowed on glass shall dry
in not more than $J hours
& Color = When mi?ed with pure# raw linseed oil in the proportion of $ volume of drier to J
volume of oil# the resulting mi?ture shall be darker than a solution of A grams of
Potassium Dichromate in $B cc of pure 'ulfuric )cid (spgr $J/)
4886: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4886:68 P#)$)#t')! )( M'<'!/
+t is the intent of this 'pecification to provide a paint of proper brushing consistency# which
will not run# steak or sag and which will have satisfactory drying qualities
4886:62 A-+5'!+5 P'!t3 F'%-" C)t* O! St#+&t+#- St%%-
,he paint shall be mi?ed in the proportion of -/. grams of aluminum powder or paste per liter
of vehicle of long oil spar varnish ,his makes a paint containing -$ percent pigment and E% percent
vehicle ,he weighed amount of powder or paste shall be placed in a suitable mi?ing container and the
measured volume of vehicle poured over it ,he paste or powder shall be incorporated in the paint by
vigorous stirring with a paddle ,he powder or paste will readily disperse in the vehicle (efore removing
any paint from the container# the paint shall be thoroughly stirred to insure a uniform mi?ture# and the
paint shall be suitably stirred during use ,he paint shall be mi?ed on the "ob and only enough for one
dayDs use shall be mi?ed at one time
When two field coats of aluminum paint are specified# the first coat shall be tinted with
lampblack paste or Prussian blue paste in the quantity of -/ grams@liter of paint ,he e?act quantity used
shall be sufficient to give a contrast in color which can be readily distinguished When three field coats of
aluminum paint are specified# the second coat shall be tinted
4886:6: A-+5'!+5 P'!t3 F'%-" C)t* )! C#%)*)t%" T'5,%#
,he paint shall be mi?ed as specified for )luminum Paint for 'tructural 'teel e?cept that the
proportions shall be -E. grams of aluminum powder or paste to one litre of vehicle
4ther paint composition may be used when and as stipulated in the 'pecial Provisions
4886:64 C)!t'!%#* !" M#.'!/*
)ll paints shall be shipped to strong substantial containers plainly marked with the weight#
color and volume in litres of the paint content# a true statement of the percentage composition of the
pigment# the proportions of the pigment to vehicle# the name and address of the manufacturers# and the
stencil of the authori!ed inspecting agency )ny package or container not so marked will not be
accepted for use
4886:6? S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/
7ethod of sampling shall be as follows<
$ 4ne -.Clitre can sample in original unopened container shall be obtained for $.. cans
of the delivered material or $.K fraction thereof
- 4ne /Clitre can sample in original unopened container shall be obtained for every $..
cans or fraction thereof of the delivered material
7ethods of testing will be in accordance with the applicable ))'H,4 or )',7 7ethods
4886:6@ P'!t'!/
4886:6@68
,he painting of structure shall include the proper preparation of the surface> the application#
protection and drying of the paint coatings# the protection of the pedestrians# vehicular or other traffic
upon or underneath the structures# the protection of all parts of the structure (both superstructure and
substructure) against disfigurement by spatters# splashes and smirches of paint or of paint materials> and
the supplying of all tools# tackle# scaffolding labor# paint and materials necessary for the entire work
Paint shall not be applied during rain# storms or when the air is misty# or when# in the opinion
of the 1ngineer# conditions are otherwise unsatisfactory for the work Paint shall not be applied upon
damp surfaces or upon metal which has absorbed heat sufficient to cause the paint to blister and
produce a pervious paint film
6o wide flat brush shall be used )ll brushes preferably shall be either round or oval but if flat
brushes are used# they shall not e?ceed $.. mm in width
,he paint when applied shall be so manipulated as to produce a uniform even coating in
close contact with the surface being painted# and shall be worked into all corners and crevices
4n surfaces inaccessible to brushes# the paint shall be applied by spray gun or with
sheepskin daubers specially constructed for the purposes
Paint shall be thoroughly stirred# preferably by means of mechanical mi?ers# before being
removed from the containers# and# to keep the pigments in suspension# shall be kept stirred while being
applied
When a paint gun is used# the equipment used shall be of an approved type and shall have
provision for agitation of paint in the spray container +n the case of aluminum paint# the pressure used
shall be only that necessary to secure adequate atomi!ation +f in the opinion of the 1ngineer
unsatisfactory results are obtained from the use of a spray gun# its use shall be discontinued and the
painting completed by the use of brushes
4886:6@62 P'!t'!/ St#+&t+#- St%%-
'urfaces of metals to be painted shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust# loose mill# scale# dirt# oil
or grease# and other foreign substances 2nless cleaning is to be done by sandblasting# all weld areas#
before cleaning is begun# shall be neutrali!ed with a proper chemical# after which they shall be
thoroughly rinsed with water Cleaning may be by any of the following three methods<
$ Hand Cleaning
,he removal of rust# scale and dirt shall be done by the use of metal brushes#
scrapers# chisels# hammers or other effective means 4il and grease shall be removed
by the use of gasoline or ben!ene (ristle or wood fiber brushes shall be used for
removing loose dust
- 'andblasting
'andblasting shall remove all scale and other substances down to the base
metal 'pecial attention shall be given to the cleaning of corners and reCentrant angels
(efore painting# sand adhering to the steel in corners and elsewhere shall be removed
,he cleaning shall be approved by the 1ngineer prior to any painting ,he material
shall be painted before the rust forms and not later than - hours after cleaning
B 5lame Cleaning
4il and grease shall be removed by washing with suitable solvent 1?cess
solvent shall be wiped from the work before proceeding with subsequent operation
,he surface to be painted shall be cleaned and dehydrated (freed of occluded
moisture) by the passage of o?yacetylene flames which have an o?ygen to acetylene of
at least one ,he inner cones of these flames shall have a ratio length to port diameter
of at least J and shall not be more than / mm center to center ,he o?yacetylene
flames shall be traversed over the surface of the steel in such manner and at such
speed that the surface is dehydrated# and dirt# rust# loose scale# scale in the form of
blisters or scabs# and similar foreign matter are freed by the rapid intense heating by
the flames ,he flames shall not be traversed so slowly that loose scale or other
foreign matter is fused to the surface of the steel ,he number# arrangement and
manipulation of the flames shall be such that all parts of the surface are adequately
cleaned and dehydrated Promptly after the application of the flames# the surface of
the steel shall be wireCbrushed# hand scraped wherever necessary and then swept and
dusted to remove all free materials and foreign particles Compressed air shall not be
used for this operation Paint shall be applied promptly after the steel has been
cleaned and while the temperature of the steel is still above that of the surrounding
atmosphere# so that there will be no recondensation of moisture on the cleaned
surfaces
/ 'hop Painting of 'tructural 'teel
When all fabrication work is completed and has been tentatively accepted# all
surfaces not painted before assembling shall be given two coats of 0ed 3ead 'hop
Paint conforming to the requirements of this 'pecification (,he inside of top chords for
trusses and laced members or inaccessible parts# e?cept contact surfaces# may be
painted before assembling) 'hipping pieces shall not be located for shipment until
thoroughly dry 6o painting shall be done after loading the materials on transport
vehicles
1rection marks for field identifications of members shall be painted upon
previously painted surfaces
With the e?ception of abutting "oints and base plates# machineCfinished surface
shall be coated# as soon as practicable after acceptance with a hot mi?ture of white
lead and tallow before removal from the shop ,he composition used for coating
machineCfinished surface shall be mi?ed in the following proportions<
Pure ,allow
Pure White 3ead
Pure 3inseed 4il
$#%$& grams
%&J grams
$. liter
& 5ield Painting of 'tructural 'teel
When the erection work is complete including riveting and straightening of bent
metal> all adhering rust# scale# dirt# grease or other foreign material shall be removed as
specified under cleaning of surfaces
)s soon as the 1ngineer has e?amined and approved all field rivets# the heads of
such rivets and field bolts# all welds and any surfaces from which the shop coat of paint
has become worn off or has otherwise become defective# shall be cleaned and
thoroughly covered with one coat of shop coat paint
When the paint applied for Gtouching upH rivet heads and abraded surfaces has
become thoroughly dry# such field coats as called for shall be applied +n no case shall
a succeeding coat be applied until the previous coat has dried throughout the full
thickness of the film )ll small cracks and cavities which were not sealed in waterCtight
manner by the first field coat shall be filled with a pasty mi?ture of red lead and linseed
oil before the second field coat is applied
,he following provisions shall apply to the application of all field coats ,o secure
a ma?imum coating on edges of plates or shapes# rivet heads and other parts sub"ected
to special wear and attack# these parts shall first be stripped# followed immediately by
the general painting of the whole surface# including the edges and rivet heads
,he application of the final coats shall be deferred until ad"oining concrete work
has been placed and finished +f concreting operations have damaged that paint# the
surface shall be recleaned and repainted
4886:6@6: P'!t'!/ !" T'5,%# St#+&t+#%*
,imber structures shown on the Plans to be painted# shall be given two coats of the specified
materials# which shall be thoroughly brushed in )dditional coats shall be required when so specified on
the Plans )ll surfaces shall be thoroughly dry before painting# and each coat shall be allowed to stand
for three or four days# or until thoroughly dry before applying the succeeding coat
,imber which required painting must be seasoned timber surfaced on / sides +t shall be
either untreated or saltCtreated timber as specified on the Plans
,he entire surface of all untreated timber that is to be painted# shall be given a priming coat
immediately after the material is delivered to the pro"ect )ll contact surfaces shall receive the second
coat paint
'pecial care shall be taken during construction and handling so that the pieces to be painted
do not come in contact# e?cept when required# with the creosoted materials and that no oil is brushed on
the same during construction operations ,he Contractor shall be required to pile such pieces separately
from the creosoted materials and keep them from contact with same until ready for erection
Creosoted materials such as guardrails and guide posts which are to be painted# shall be
painted with aluminum paint as specified above
4886:6@64 P'!t'!/ G-;!'>%" S+#(&%
5or the purpose of conditioning the surface of galvani!ed surfaces to be painted# the painting
shall be deferred as long as possible in order that the surface may weather
(efore painting galvani!ed surfaces they shall be treated as follows<
$ +n / litres of soft water# dissolve A. ml of copper chloride# copper nitrate# and sal
ammonia# then add A. ml of commercial muriatic acid ,his should be done in
earthenware or glass vessel# never in tin or other metal receptacle )pply the solution
with a wide flat brush to the galvani!ed surface# when it will assume a dark almost
black color which on drying becomes a grayish film
- ,he surfaces# when dry# may then be painted as described
4886:6@6? R%$'!t'!/ E<'*t'!/ St#+&t+#%*
When called for on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions# e?isting structures shall be given
the number and kind of coats of field paint as stipulated ,he surface to be repainted shall be cleaned as
specified under 'ubsection /$$BA-# Painting 'tructural 'teel# with the added provisions that all dead
or loose paint shall be removed by scraping# chipping# or brushing as may be necessary ,imber railings#
name plates# planking and other interfering parts shall be removed before cleaning is begun and shall be
replaced after the painting has been completed and the last coat has thoroughly dried ,he application of
the coat shall be as specified under 'ubsection /$$BA-# (&)# 5ield Painting of 'tructural 'teel
48864 M%*+#%5%!t !" P25%!t
Painting shall not be measured and paid for separately# but the cost thereof shall be
considered as included in the contract unit price of the items where called for
ITEM 482 7 ELASTOMERIC BEARING PADS
48268 D%*&#'$t')!
4826868 S&)$%
,his +tem shall consist of the requirement for elastomeric bearing pads whose main function
is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement between a bridge superstructure and its
supporting structure# or both while avoiding damaging strain and additional tension 1lastomeric
bearings shall include unreinforced pads (consisting of elastomer only) and reinforced bearings with steel
laminates
4826862 G%!%#- R%9+'#%5%!t*
)ll bearings shall be designed in accordance with specifications contained in the latest edition
of the ))'H,4 'tandard 'pecification for Highway (ridges# $&
th
1dition# $%%-
482686: C-**'('&t')! !" U*%
,he following are the types of elastomeric bearings<
a Plain 1lastomeric (earing Pad
b Plain 1lastomeric 'andwich (earing
c 'teelC3aminated 1lastomeric (earing without 1?ternal 3oad Plates
d 'teelC3aminated 1lastomeric (earing with 1?ternal 3oad Plate(s)
) laminated bearing pad is required when the thickness of the plain pad is more than B$E&
mm and the compressive strain is more than $&K
48262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he elastomer for the manufacture of the bearing is furnished in two types as follows<
$ ,ype C0CChloroprene 0ubber
- ,ype 60C6atural 0ubber
,he elastomer compound used in the construction of a bearing shall contain only either
natural rubber or a chloroprene rubber as the raw polymer 6o reclaimed rubber shall be used
'teel laminates used for reinforcement shall be made from rolled mild steel conforming to
)',7 ) BA# ) &E. or equivalent# unless otherwise specified by the 1ngineer ,he laminates shall have
a minimum nominal thickness of -. gage
4826268 P02*'&- R%9+'#%5%!t*
) ,he elastomer compound shall meet the minimum requirement of ,able $
( Dimensions and Permissible *ariations
)ll elastomeric layers# for e?ample# plain bearing pads# laminates# and covers# shall be of
uniform thickness unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order
)ll internal steel laminates shall be of uniform thickness When specified in the contract or
purchase order# the thickness of the outer steel laminates may differ if not ad"acent to an e?ternal load
plate
,he minimum thickness of internal steel laminates shall be $& mm or ..A. in ($A gage)
when the greater of the length or width of a rectangular bearing or diameter of a circular bearing is less
than /&. mm or $J in +n all other cases# the minimum thickness shall be - mm or ..E& inch ($/ gage)
(earing dimensions and elastomer layer thicknesses shall satisfy the tolerances in ,able -# in
which D is the length# width or diameter as appropriate# and , is the total elastomer thickness
*ariation from a plane parallel to a design surface shall not e?ceed an average slope of ...&
for the upper surface and ...A for a side surface
T,-% 8 7 Q+-'t2 C)!t#)- P#)$%#t'%* )( E-*t)5%#
6atural 0ubber (60) Chloroprene 0ubber
(C0)
9rade (Durometer)
Physical Properties<
) (efore )ging
,ensile 'trength# 7Pa (D/$-) $&&
(min)
$&&
(min)
$&&
(min)
$&&
(min)
1longation# K (D/$-) /..
(min)
B..
(min)
B&.
(min)
B.. (min)
Durometer Hardness# 'hore Pts
(D--/.)
A.M& E.M& A.M& E.M&
,ear 0esistance# 6@mm (DA-/) B$&
(min)
B$&
(min)
B$&
(min)
B$&
(min)
Compression 'et # K (DB%&) -&
(ma?)
-&
(ma?)
B& (ma?) B& (ma?)
7ethod (# ,emperature#
o
C E. E. $.. $..
( )fter )ging
,emperature of the ,est#
o
C E. E. $.. $..
)ging ,ime# Hours $AJ $AJ E. E.
,ensile 'trength# K (D&EB) C-&
(ma?)
C-&
(ma?)
C$&
(ma?)
C$& (ma?)
1longation# K C-&
(ma?)
C-&
(ma?)
C/.
(ma?)
C/. (ma?)
Durometer Hardness# 'hore Pts L$.
(ma?)
L$.
(ma?)
L$&
(ma?)
L$&
(ma?)
4ther Properties<
4!one 0esistance (D$$/%)
Partial Pressure# 7Pa -& -& $.. $..
Duration# Hours /J /J $.. $..
,ested at -.K strain BEE
o
C M$
o
C
7ounting procedure D&$J C C
6o
cracks
6o cracks
Procedure )
(rittleness D-$BE# low temp
(rittleness at C/.
o
C Pass Pass Pass Pass
'hear 7odulus
6ominal Hardness 'hear
7odulus at -B
o
C# 7Pa .J&C$$ $$BC
$J/
.J&C$$ $$BC$J/
Plain pads and laminated bearings shall be manufactured to the design dimensions and
these specifications with the tolerances listed in ,able -# unless other tolerances are shown on the
design drawings
T,-% 2 7 T)-%#!&%*
M5
4verall vertical dimensions
Design thickness B- mm ($ Y in) or less
Design thickness over B- mm ($ Y)
C.# LB
C.# LA
4verall hori!ontal dimensions
%$/ mm (BA in) and less
4ver %$/ mm (BA in)
C.# LA
C.# L$-
,hickness of individual layers of
elastomer (laminated bearing only) at
any point within the bearing
M-. percent of design value but no more
than MB mm ($@J in)
*ariation from a plane parallel to the
theoretical surface< (as determined by
measurements at the edge of the
bearings)
,op
'ides
'lope relative to the bottom of no more
than ...& radian
A
Position of e?posed connection members B
1dge cover of embedded laminated connection
members
C.# LB
'i!e of holes# slots or inserts MB
Position of holes# slots# or inserts MB
4826: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
4826:68 H!"-'!/3 T#!*$)#t3 St)#/% !" I!*t--t')!
During handling# transport# storage# and installation# bearings shall be kept clean and
protected from mechanical damage# heat# contaminants and other deleterious effects
(earings shall be placed on surfaces that are plane to within $A mm and unless the bearings
are placed in opposing pairs# hori!ontal to within ..$ radians
)ny lack of parallelism between the top of bearing and the underside of the girder that
e?ceeds ..$ radians shall be corrected either grinding of the surface# grout pack bearing seats or
modification of the bearing such that the intended bearing placement is as originally designed with the
least amount of bearing modification# or as otherwise directed by the 1ngineer
1?terior plates of the bearing shall not be welded unless at least BJ$ mm of steel e?ists
between the weld and the elastomer
1ach completed bearing shall have its components clearly identified# be securely bolted#
straffed or otherwise fastened to prevent any relative movement and marked on its top as to location and
orientation in each structure in the pro"ects conformity with the plans
Dismantling at the site shall not be done unless absolutely necessary for inspecting or
installation
4826:62 S5$-'!/
'ampling# testing and acceptance consideration will be made on a lot basis ) lot shall be
further defined as the smallest number of bearings as determined by the following criteria<
a ) lot shall not e?ceed a single contract or pro"ect quantity
b ) lot shall not e?ceed &. bearings
c ) lot shall consist of those bearings of the same type regardless of load capacity
5or acceptance purposes# bearing from within the lot shall be selected at random as samples
for inspection and testing
) minimum of three bearings shall be taken from the lot for testing +f the number of bearings
in the lot e?ceeds &. then for each additional &. or part thereof# one additional bearing shall be taken for
testing
4826:6: A&&%$t!&% R%9+'#%5%!t*
$ +f lack of elastomer to steel bond is indicated# the bearing shall be re"ected
- +f laminate placement faults are observed which results in elastomer layer thickness that
e?ceed the tolerances in ,able -# the bearing shall be re"ected
B +f there are at least three separate surface cracks which are each at least - mm wide and
- mm deep ,he bearing shall be re"ected
/ 0ecord the median compressive stiffness (8) of the bearing of median stiffness,he
compressive stiffness of each bearing tested shall not differ form (8) by more than $.K
& 5or each bearing that fails to meet the requirements in ($)# two additional bearings
maybe sampled and shall meet the requirements in ($) or the lot shall be re"ected
A +f the lot is not re"ected# the bearing of median stiffness (8) shall be sub"ected to the
elastomeric material tests in (-)
48264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of elastomeric bearing pad to be paid for will be the final quantity placed and
accepted in the completed structure ,he dimensions of elastomeric bearing pads will be the quantity
placed in accordance with the Plans or as otherwise directed by the 1ngineer
4826? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantity# measured as prescribed in 'ection /$-/# shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for 1lastomeric (earing Pads which price and payment shall be full compensation for
furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
/$- 1lastomeric (earing Pads 1ach
ITEM 48: D PREFORMED SPONGE RUBBER AND CORK E=PANSION FOINT
FILLERS FOR CONCRETE PAVING AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION
Preformed sponge rubber and cork e?pansion "oint fillers for concrete paving and structural
construction shall conform to the applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&B
PART G 7 DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES
ITEM ?00 7 PIPE CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS
?0068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains#
hereinafter referred to as GconduitH in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines
and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the 1ngineer
?0062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7aterial shall meet the requirements specified in the following specifications<
Vinc coated (galvani!ed) corrugated iron or steel
culverts and underdrains ))'H,4 7 BA
Cast iron culvert pipe ))'H,4 7 A/
Concrete sewer# storm drain and culvert pipe ))'H,4 7 JA
0einforced concrete culvert# storm drain and
sewer pipe ))'H,4 7 $E.
(ituminous coated corrugated metal culvert pipe
and pipe arches ))'H,4 7 $%.
0einforced concrete arch culvert# storm drain
and sewer pipe ))'H,4 7 -.A
0einforced concrete elliptical culvert# storm drain
and sewer pipe ))'H,4 7 -.E
)sbestos cement pipe for culverts and storm drains ))'H,4 7 -$E
;oint 7ortar = ;oint mortar for concrete pipes shall consist of $ part# by volume of Portland
Cement and two (-) parts of approved sand with water as necessary to obtain the required consistency
Portland Cement and sand shall conform to the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural
Concrete 7ortar shall be used within B. minutes after its preparation
0ubber gaskets ))'H,4 7 $%J
4akum = 4akum for "oints in bell and spigot pipes shall be made from hemp (Cannavis
'ativa) line or (enares 'unn fiber or from a combination of these fibers ,he oakum shall be thoroughly
corded and finished and practically free from lumps# dirt and e?traneous matter

Hot poured "oint sealing compound ))'H,4 7 $EB
(edding material shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection &..B-# (edding
(ackfill material shall conform to the requirements of 'ubsection &..BA# (ackfilling
When the location of manufacturing plants allow# the plants will be inspected periodically for
compliance with specified manufacturing methods# and material samples will be obtained for laboratory
testing for compliance with materials quality requirements ,his shall be the basis for acceptance of
manufacturing lots as to quality
Prior to and during incorporation of materials in the work# these materials will be sub"ected to
the latest inspection and approval of the 1ngineer
?006: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?006:68 T#%!&0%* E<&;t')!
,renches shall be e?cavated in accordance with the requirement of +tem $.B# 'tructure
1?cavation# to a width sufficient to allow for proper "ointing of the conduit and thorough compaction of the
bedding and backfill materials under and around the conduit Where feasible# trench wall shall be
vertical
,he completed trench bottom shall be firm for its full length and width Where required# in the
case of crop drains# the trench shall have a longitudinal camber of the magnitude specified
When so specified on the Plans# the e?cavation for conduits placed in embankment fill# shall
be made after the embankment has been completed to the specified or directed height above the
designed grade of the conduit
?006:62 B%""'!/
,he bedding shall conform to one of the classes specified When no bedding class is
specified# the requirements for Class C bedding shall apply
Class ) bedding shall consist of a continuous concrete cradle conforming to the plan details
Class ( bedding shall consist of bedding the conduit to a depth of not less than B. percent
of the vertical outside diameter of the conduit ,he minimum thickness of bedding material beneath the
pipe shall be $.. mm ,he bedding material shall be sand or selected sandy soil all of which passes a
%& mm sieve and not more than $. percent of which passes a ..E& mm sieve ,he layer of the bedding
material shall be shaped to fit the conduit for at least $& percent of its total height 0ecesses in the trench
bottom shall be shaped to accommodate the bell when bell and spigot type conduit is used
Class C bedding shall consist of bedding the conduit to a depth of not less than $.
percent of its total height ,he foundation surface# completed in accordance with +tem $.B# 'tructure
1?cavation# shall be shaped to fit the conduit and shall have recesses shaped to receive the bells# if any
5or fle?ible pipe# the bed shall be roughly shaped and a bedding blanket of sand
or fine granular material as specified above shall be provided as follows<
Pipe Corrugation Depth 7inimum (edding Depth
$. mm -& mm
-& mm &. mm
&. mm E& mm
5or large diameter structural plate pipes the shaped bed need not e?ceed the width of
bottom plate
?006:6: L2'!/ C)!"+'t
,he conduit laying shall begin at the downstream end of the conduit line ,he lower segment
of the conduit shall be in contact with the shaped bedding throughout its full length (ell or groove ends
of rigid conduits and outside circumferential laps of fle?ible conduits shall be placed facing upstream
5le?ible conduit shall be placed with longitudinal laps or seams at the sides
Paved or partiallyClined conduit shall be laid such that the longitudinal center line of the paved
segment coincides with the flow line 1lliptical and elliptically reinforced conduits shall be placed with the
ma"or a?is within & degrees of a vertical plane through the longitudinal a?is of the conduit
?006:64 F)'!t'!/ C)!"+'t
0igid conduits may either be of bell and spigot or tongue and groove design unless another
type is specified ,he method of "oining conduit sections shall be such that the ends are fully entered and
the inner surfaces are reasonably flush and even
;oints shall be made with (a) Portland Cement mortar# (b) Portland Cement grout# (c) rubber
gaskets# (d) oakum and mortar# (e) oakum and "oint compound# (f) plastic sealing compound# or by a
combination of these types# or any other type# as may be specified 7ortar "oints shall be made with an
e?cess of mortar to form a continuous bead around the outside of the conduit and finished smooth on the
inside 5or grouted "oints# molds or runners shall be used to retain the poured grout 0ubber ring gaskets
shall be installed so as to form a fle?ible waterCtight seal Where oakum is used# the "oint shall be called
with this material and then sealed with the specified material
When Portland Cement mi?tures are used# the completed "oints shall be protected against
rapid drying by any suitable covering material
5le?ible conduits shall be firmly "oined by coupling bands
Conduits shall be inspected before any backfill is placed )ny pipe found to be out of
alignment# unduly settled# or damaged shall be taken up and relaid or replaced
?006:6? F'%-" St#+tt'!/
When required by the Plans# vertical diameter of round fle?ible conduit shall be increased &
percent by shop elongation or by means of "acks applied after the entire line of conduit has been
installed on the bending but before backfilling ,he vertical elongation shall be maintained by means of
sills and struts or by hori!ontal ties shall be used on paved invert pipe
,ies and struts shall be B.. mm in place until the embankment is completed and compacted#
unless otherwise shown on the Plans
,hese construction specifications shall also apply in the case of relaid conduits +n addition#
all conduits salvaged for relaying shall be cleaned of all foreign materials prior to reinstallation
?006:6@ B&.('--'!/
7aterials for backfilling on each side of the conduit for the full trench width and to an
elevation of B.. mm above the top of the conduit shall be fine# readily compactible soil or granular
material selected from e?cavation or from a source of the ContractorDs choice# and shall not contain
stones that would be retained on a &. mm sieve# chunks of highly plastic clay# or other ob"ectionable
material 9ranular backfill material shall have not less than %& percent passing a $-& mm sieve and not
less than %& percent retained on a /E& mm sieve 4versi!ed material# if present# shall be removed at the
source of the material# e?cept as directed by the 1ngineer
When the top of the conduit is flushed with or below the top of the trench# backfill material
shall be placed at or near optimum moisture content and compacted in layers not e?ceeding $&. mm
(compacted) on both sides to an elevation B.. mm above the top of the conduit Care shall be e?ercised
to thoroughly compact the backfill under the haunches of the conduit ,he backfill shall be brought up
evenly on both sides of the conduit for the full required length 1?cept where negative pro"ecting
embankmentCtype installation is specified# the backfill material shall be placed and compacted for the full
depth of the trench
When the top of the conduit is above the top of the trench# backfill shall be placed at or near
optimum moisture content and compacted in layers not e?ceeding B.. mm (compacted) and shall be
brought up evenly on both sides of the conduit for its full length to an elevation B.. mm above the top of
the conduit ,he width of the backfill on each side of the conduit for the portion above the top of the
trench shall be equal to twice the diameter of the conduit or B& m# whichever is less ,he backfill material
used in the trench section and the portion above the top of the trench for a distance on each side of the
conduit equal to the hori!ontal inside diameter and to B.. mm above the top of the conduit shall conform
to the requirements for backfill materials in this 'ubsection ,he remainder of the backfill shall consist of
materials from e?cavation and borrow that is suitable for embankment construction
Compaction to the density specified in +tem $./# 1mbankment# shall be achieved by use of
mechanical tampers or by rolling
)ll conduits after being bedded and backfill as specified in this 'ubsection shall be protected
by one metre cover of fill before heavy equipment is permitted to cross during construction of the
roadway
?006:6A I5$%#(%&t T#%!&0
2nder this method# for rigid conduit# the embankment shall be completed as described in
'ubsection &..BA# (ackfilling# to a height above the conduit equal to the vertical outside diameter of
the conduit plus B.. mm ) trench equal in width to the outside hori!ontal diameter of the conduit and to
the length shown on the plans or as directed by the 1ngineer shall then be e?cavated to within B.. mm
of the top of the conduit# trench walls being as nearly vertical as possible ,he trench shall be loosely
filled with highly compressible soil Construction of embankment above shall then proceed in a normal
manner
?0064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
Conduit of the different types and si!es# both new and relaid# will be measured by the linear
metre in place Conduit with sloped or skewed ends will be measured along the invert
1ach section will be measured by the number of units installed
(ranch connection and elbows will be included in the length measurement for conduit# or they
may be measured by the number of units installed
Class ( bedding material placed and approved shall be measured by the cubic metre in
place
When the (id 'chedule contains an estimated quantity for G5urnishing and Placing (ackfill
7aterial# Pipe CulvertH# the quantity to be paid for will be the number of cubic metre complete in place
and accepted# measured in final position between limits as follows<
$ 7easurement shall include backfill material in the trench up to the top of the
original ground line but will not include any material placed outside of vertical
planes /&. mm up outside of and parallel to the inside wall of pipe at its
widest hori!ontal dimension
- When the original ground line is less than B.. mm above the top of the pipe# the
measurement will also include the placing of all backfill materials# above the
original ground line ad"acent to the pipe for a height of B.. mm above the top
of pipe and for a distance on each side of the pipe not greater than the widest
hori!ontal dimension of the pipe
B ,he measurement shall include the placing of backfill material in all trenches of
the imperfect trench method 7aterials reCe?cavated for imperfect trench
construction will be measured for payment under +tem $.B# 'tructure
1?cavation
?006? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities of conduit# determined as provided in 'ection &../# 7ethod of
7easurement# shall be paid for at the contract unit price per linear meter for the conduit of the types and
si!es specified complete in place 1nd sections and# when so specified# branch connections and elbows#
shall be paid for at the contract unit price per piece for the kind and si!e specified complete in place
1?cavation for culverts and storm drains# including e?cavation below flow line grade and for
imperfect trench# shall be measured and paid for as provided in +tem $.B# 'tructure 1?cavation
Concrete for Class ) bedding will be paid for under +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
When the (id 'chedule does not contain as estimated quantity for G5urnishing and Placing (ackfill
7aterial# Pipe CulvertH payment for placing backfill material around pipe culverts will be considered as
included in the payment for e?cavation of the backfill material
Payment will be made under<
Payment +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.. ($) Pipe Culverts# C mm 3inear 7eter
Class C
&.. (-) 'torm Drain# C mm 3inear 7eter
Class C
ITEM ?08D UNDERDRAINS
?0868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of constructing underdrains# using pipe and granular filter materials#
underdrain pipe outlets# and blind drains using granular material in accordance with this 'pecification
and in reasonably close conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as established by
the 1ngineer
?0862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7aterial shall meet the requirements specified in the following specifications<
Vinc coated (galvani!ed) corrugated iron or steel
Culverts and underdrains ))'H,4 7 BA
1?tra strength and standard strength clay pipe
and perforated clay pipe ))'H,4 7 A&
Perforated concrete pipe ))'H,4 7 $E&
Porous concrete pipe ))'H,4 7 $EA
(itumini!edCfiber nonCpressure sewer drain and
underdrainage pipe systems ))'H,4 7 $EE
)sbestosCcement perforated underdrain pipe ))'H,4 7 $J%
9ranular (ackfill 5ilter 7aterial = 9ranular backfill filter material shall be permeable and shall
meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 A# e?cept that soundness tests will not be required and minor
variation in grading and content of deleterious substances may be approved by the 1ngineer
When the location of manufacturing plants allows# the plants will be inspected periodically by
compliance with specified manufacturing methods# and material sample will be obtained for laboratory
testing for compliance with material quality requirements ,his shall be the basis for acceptance of
manufacturing lots as to quality
)ll material shall be sub"ected to inspection for acceptance as to condition at the latest
practicable time
?086: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?086:68 P'$% I!*t--t')!
,renches shall be e?cavated to the dimensions and grades required by the Plans or as
directed by the 1ngineer ) minimum of $&. mm bedding layer of granular backfill material shall be
placed and compacted at the bottom of the trench for its full width and length
'ubdrainage pipe of the type and si!e specified shall be embedded firmly in the bedding
material
Perforated pipe shall normally# be placed with the perforations down and the pipe sections
shall be "oined securely with the appropriate coupling fittings or bands
6onCperforated pipe shall be laid with the bell end upgrade and with open "oints wrapped with
suitable material to permit entry of water# or unwrapped as may be specified 2pgrade end sections of all
subdrainage pipe installations shall be closed with suitable plugs to prevent entry of soil materials
)fter the pipe installation has been inspected and approved# granular backfill material shall
be placed to a height of B.. mm above the top of pipe Care shall be taken not to displace the pipe or the
covering at open "oints ,he remainder of the granular backfill material shall then be placed and
compacted in $&. mm ma?imum layers to the required height )ny remaining portion of trench above the
granular backfill shall be filled with either granular or impervious material# as may be specified# and
thoroughly compacted
?086:62 U!"%#"#'! O+t-%t*
,renches for underdrain outlets shall be e?cavated to the width and depth shown on the
Plans or as otherwise directed Pipes shall be laid in the trench with all ends firmly "oined by the
applicable methods and means )fter inspection and approval of the pipe installation# the trench shall be
backfilled in accordance with +tem $.B# 'tructure 1?cavation
?086:6: B-'!" D#'!
,renches for blind drains shall be e?cavated to the width and depth shown on the Plans ,he
trench shall be filled with granular backfill material to the depth required by the Plans )ny remaining
upper portion of trench shall be filled with either granular or impervious material in accordance with +tem
$.B# 'tructure 1?cavation
?0864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
2nderdrains and outlets shall be measured by the linear meter for pipe of the type and si!e
specified (lind drains shall be measured by the linear meter including all e?cavation and backfill
materials required
9ranular backfill filter material# when specified in the Contract as a pay item shall be
measured in place by the cubic meter# completed and accepted CrossCsectional measurements will not
e?ceed the net dimensions shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
1?cavation for underdrain pipe will be measured and paid for as provided in +tem $.B#
'tructure 1?cavation
?086? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities determined as provided in 'ection &.$/# 7ethod of 7easurement#
shall be paid for at the contract unit prices
Payment will be made under<
Payment +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.$ ($) 2nderdrain C mm 3inear 7eter
&.$ (-) (lind drain 3inear 7eter
&.$ (B) 9ranular (ackfill
filter material for underdrains Cubic 7eter
ITEM ?02 7 MANHOLES3 INLETS AND CATCH BASINS
?0268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of the construction# reconstruction or ad"ustment of manholes# inlets
and catch basins in accordance with this 'pecification and in reasonably close conformity with the lines
and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the 1ngineer
?0262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
Concrete for these structures shall meet the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
4ther materials shall meet the following specifications<
Corrugated 7etal 2nits = ,he units shall conform to Plan dimensions and the metal to
))'H,4 7 BA (ituminous coating# when specified# shall conform to )',7 D $$JE# )sphaltCbase
1mulsion for use as Protective Coating for 7etal
'ewer and manhole brick
(7ade from clay or shale) ))'H,4 7 %$
(uilding brick ('olid masonry units made
from clay or shale) ))'H,4 7 $$/

;oint 7ortarC 2nless otherwise indicated on the Plans# "oints mortar shall be composed of
one part Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume to which hydrated lime has been
added in an amount equal to $. percent of the cement by weight )ll materials for mortar shall meet the
requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
5rames# 9ratings# Covers and 3adder 0ungs = 7etal units shall conform to the plan
dimensions and to the following specification requirements for the designated materials
7etal gratings and covers which are to rest on frames shall bear on them evenly ,hey shall
be assembled before shipment and so marked that the same pieces may be reassembled readily in the
same position when installed +naccuracy of bearings shall be corrected by machining# if necessary )
frame and a grating or cover to be used with it shall constitute one pair
)ll castings shall be uniformly coated with asphaltCbased emulsion meeting the requirements
of )',7 D $$JE# )sphaltCbase 1mulsion for use as Protective Coating for 7etal
'amples of the material in casting shall be taken during the casting of the
units and shall be separate casting poured from the same material as the casting they represent
9ray iron casting ))'H,4 7 $.&
7ild to mediumCstrength carbon steel castings
for general application ))'H,4 7 $.B
'tructural steel ))'H,4 7 $JB
9alvani!ing# where specified for these units#
shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $$$
0einforcing 'teel ))'H,4 7 B$

PreCcast Concrete 2nits = ,hese units shall be cast in substantial permanent steel forms
'tructural concrete used shall attain a minimum -JCday compressive strength of -.AJ- 7Pa (B... psi)
,he preCcast units shall be cured in accordance with ))'H,4 7 $E$ Water absorption of individual
cores taken from such units shall not e?ceed E percent )dditional reinforcement shall be provided as
necessary to provide for handling of the preCcast units
) sufficient number of cylinders shall be cast from the concrete for each unit permit
compression tests at E# $/ and -J days# and to allow for at least B cylinders for each test +f the strength
requirement is met at E or $/ days# the units shall be certified for use $/ days from the date of casting +f
the strength is not met at -J days# all units made from that batch or load will be re"ected
Cracks in units# honeycombed or patched areas in e?cess of -#... square millimeters#
e?cessive water absorption and failure to meet strength requirements shall be the causes for re"ection
PreCcast reinforced concrete manhole risers and tops shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7
$%%
,he plants will be inspected periodically for compliance with specified manufacturing
methods# and material samples will be obtained for laboratory testing for compliance with material quality
requirements ,his may be the basis for acceptance of manufacturing lots as the quality
)ll materials shall be sub"ected to inspection for acceptance as to condition at the latest
practicable time the 1ngineer has the opportunity to check for compliance prior to or during incorporation
of materials into the work
?026: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Concrete construction shall conform to the requirements for +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
7etal frames shall be set in full mortar bed Pipe sections shall be flushed on the inside of the
structure wall and pro"ected outside sufficiently for proper connection with ne?t pipe section 7asonry
shall fit neatly and tightly around the pipe
When grade ad"ustment or e?isting structures is specified# the frames# covers and gratings
shall be removed and the walls reconstructed as required ,he cleaned frames shall be reset at the
required elevation 2pon completion# each structure shall be cleaned of any accumulation of silt# debris#
or foreign matter of any kind and shall be kept clear of such accumulation until final acceptance of the
work
1?cavation and backfill shall be done in accordance with +tem $.B# 'tructure 1?cavation
?0264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
'tandard manholes# inlets and catch basins# both new and reconstructed as applicable# will
be measured by the unit )ny additional concrete# reinforcing steel# or masonry required for authori!ed
increases in heights of structures paid of under this +tem and in e?cess of the standard height shown on
the Plans will be measured and paid for under +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete and +tem /./# 0einforcing
'teel# as applicable 'tructures noted on the Plans as G"unction bo?esH will be measured for payment as
manholes
,he number of concrete covers# pairs of metal frames and gratings# and pairs of metal frames
and covers will be measured as acceptably completed
,he number of e?isting manholes# inlets and catch basins ad"usted as directed will be
measured as acceptably completed
?026? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# determined as provided in 'ection &.-/# 7ethod of 7easurement
of the Pay +tems in the (ill of Fuantities will be paid for at the contract unit prices# which shall constitute
full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials and for all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
1?cavation and backfill will be measured and paid for as provided in +tem $.B# 'tructure
1?cavation
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.- ($) 7anholes 1ach
&.- (-) +nlets# type 1ach
&.- (B) Catch basins 1ach
&.- (/) Concrete covers 1ach
&.- (&) 7etal frames and gratings# type Pair
&.- (A) 7etal frames and covers Pair
&.- (E) )d"usting manholes 1ach
&.- (J) )d"usting inlets 1ach
&.- (%) )d"usting catch basin 1ach
ITEM ?0: 7 DRAINAGE STEEL GRATING WITH FRAME

?0:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of furnishing all materials# tools# and equipment including labor
required in undertaking the proper application of steel grating with frame as shown on the plans and in
accordance with this specification
?0:62 C-**%* !" U*%* )( R)" G#t%* !" F#5%*
Classes of grates that are commonly use in drainage work are sump# trench and bo?
'ump grates shall be used to create a trafficable ground level entry area for surface rainwater
to flow into the underground stormwater drainage system 'ump grates shall be used in paved or
grassed areas that are graded to direct the surface water to a single pit or to a series of pits 'ump
grates shall be plain or hinged
,rench grates shall be used to collect surface rainwater run off from areas that cannot be
graded to direct flow into a single pit
(o? grates or road drainage shall be used to transfer road surface storm water into an
underground drainage system 6ormally used in con"unction with kerb entry# the addition of the grate
significantly increases the hydraulic capacity of the inlet# particularly on steep slopes
?0:6: St#%!/t0 C-**'('&t')!* !" t0% L)"'!/ C)!"'t')!* ()# S+5$3 T#%!&0 !" B)< /#t%*
Class ) = ,est 3oad $.k6
5or locations trafficked only by pedestrians# wheelchairs and cyclists = inaccessible to motor
vehicles by virtue of barriers# narrow passages or stepped or unpaved approaches
Class ( = ,est 3oad J.k6
5or locations normally trafficked by pedestrians and slow moving passenger cars or light
agricultural tractors ,hese locations include areas accessible to infrequent slow moving
heavy trucks ,ypical locations include footpaths# ground level and multistoried car parks#
suburban driveways and back yards
Class C = ,est 3oad $&.k6
5or locations trafficked by slow moving fully laden trucks such as pedestrians# malls and
industrial or commercial areas
Class D = ,est 3oad -$.k6
5or locations trafficked by fast moving fully laden trucks and forklifts with wheel loads to &.,
,his includes all public roads from residential to freeway
Class 1# 5 or 9 = ,est 3oad /..k6# A..k6 or %..k6
5or locations sub"ect to vehicles such as large forklifts# earthmoving or container handling
equipment and aircraft ,ypical locations include wharves# container storage areas# heavy
industry or construction sites and domestic or international airports
)ll loading conditions specified above are applicable to the three classes of grates depending on their
specific uses and locations
?0:64 Mt%#'-* R%9+'#%5%!t
?0:6468 St%%- G#t'!/
,he steel grating shall be made of fabricated mild steel provided with hot dip galvani!ed in
accordance with )',7 )$&B@))'H,4 7 -B- for superior corrosion protection 'teel grating shall be
machineCmade grating comprised of steel flat bars standing on edge equispaced from each other ,o
prevent them from falling over and to provide restraint in buckling# a twisted cross rod (Amm) is forgeC
welded
$
into the top of the flat bars
?0:6462 St%%- F#5%
,he steel frame clear openings of drainage grates shall be $&mm larger than nominal si!es of
industry standard si!ed pits ,hese pits increase in si!e in increments of $&.mm ,his shall be done to
allow frames to be placed over standard panel formwork and cast in while pouring the pit walls# to
speeds up installation and ensure the frame is fully embedded in the concrete
?0:646: D#'!/% G#t% S'>%*
,he drainage grates shall be identified by their internal clear opening dimensions of the
frame 5or square and rectangular grates# the normal convention shall be the width ? length 7etal units
shall conform to the approved plan dimensions and specifications requirement for the designated
materials
9rates shall consist of -&mm to A&mm ? Bmm# /&mm or &mm thick flat bars with length of
not more than A$m spaced at B.mm oc with Amm twisted rod spaced at $..mm oc )ngular frame (3
E&mm ? E&mm ? %mm thick) shall be coated with hot dipped galvani!ed for superior corrosion protection
finish and e?tended life +f required# +C(eam support shall be provided in the grates in accordance with
1
5orgeCwelding is a process of metal fusion using a combination of high
temperature and high pressure
the approved plan +t shall also conform to the requirements of )',7 ) $&B or its equivalents ))'H,4 7
-B-
?0:6464 ,he metal unit shall conform to )',7 ) BA @ ))'H,4 7 $JB
Dimension ,olerances<
,hickness
Width
3ength
'traightness
T
T
T
T
M .-.mm
M .J.mm
L &.mm@6+3 mm
Amm in each $&m length
?0:646? F)'!t M)#t#
2nless otherwise indicated on the Plans# "oint mortar shall be composed of one part Portland
Cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume to which hydrated lime has been added in an amount
equal to $. percent of the cement by weight )ll materials for mortar shall meet the requirements of +tem
/.&# 'tructural Concrete 'tructural concrete used shall attain a minimum -JCday compressive strength
of -.AJ- 7Pa (B... psi)
?0:6? C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Concrete construction shall conform to the requirements for +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
7etal gratings which are to rest on frames shall bear on them evenly ,hey shall be
assembled before shipment and so marked that the same pieces may be reassembled readily in the
same position when installed +naccuracy of bearings shall be corrected by machining# if necessary ,he
steel grating and its corresponding frame shall constitute one pair
When grade ad"ustment or e?isting drainage grates is specified# the frames and steel gratings
shall be removed and the walls shall be reconstructed as required ,he cleaned frames shall be reset at
the required elevation 2pon completion# each drainage grates shall be cleaned of any accumulations of
silt# debris# or foreign matter of any kind and shall be kept clear of such accumulation until final
acceptance of the work
1?cavation and backfill shall be done in accordance with +tem $.-# 1?cavation
?0:6@ A&&%$t!&% R%9+'#%5%!t
) sufficient number of cylinders for concrete construction shall be cast from the concrete for
each unit for compression tests at E# $/ and -J days# and to allow for at least B cylinders for each test +f
the strength requirement is met at E or $/ days# the units shall be certified for use $/ days from the date
of casting +f the strength is not met at -J days# all units made from that batch or load will be re"ected
,he steel grating plants will be inspected periodically for compliance with specified
manufacturing and fabricating methods and bars samples will be obtained for laboratory testing for
compliance with material quality requirements
)ll draining grates materials shall be sub"ected to inspection for acceptance as to condition at
the latest practicable time the 1ngineer has the opportunity to check for compliance prior to or during
incorporation of materials into the work
?0:6A M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be measured and paid for will be the number of pairs of metal frames and
gratings completed and accepted Concrete and reinforcing steel ())'H,4 7 B$) will be measured and
paid for under +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete and +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel# respectively
1?cavation and backfill will be measured and paid for as provided in +tem $.-# 1?cavation
?0:6B B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities# determined as provided in 'ection &.BE# 7ethod of 7easurement of
the Pay +tems in the (ill of Fuantities will be paid for at the contract unit prices# which shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the item
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit 4f 7easurement
&.B 7etal frames and grating 'et
ITEM ?04 D CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING E=ISTING DRAINAGE
STRUCTURES
?0468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning e?isting pipes and appurtenant
structures in reasonably close conformity with this 'pecification and as shown on the Plans
?0462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7aterials used for repair or replacement under the various Pay +tems shall conform the
requirements of the applicable +tems of this 'pecification
?046: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Pipe 0emoved and Cleaned = ,he pipe shall be carefully removed and cleaned of foreign
material both within the barrel and at the "ointed ends
Pipe Cleaned in Place = )ll foreign materials within the barrel shall be removed and disposed
off by methods which will prevent damage to the pipe
+f approved by the 1ngineer# all or part of the pipe designated to be cleaned in place may be
removed# cleaned# and relaid in accordance with the applicable +tems +n such cases# the Contractor
shall furnish all materials required to replace damaged pipes and "oints# perform all e?cavation and
backfill# and reClay the pipe# all at the contract bid price for this +tem
0eClaying or 'tockpiling 'alvaged Pipe C 0elaying of pipe selected by the 1ngineer to be
removed and cleaned shall be done as shown on the Plans# in accordance with the appropriate +tem for
the kind of pipe involved ,he Contractor shall furnish all "ointing materials and shall replace the pipe
broken by him# in sufficient lengths to complete the designated length to be relaid without added
compensation 'alvaged pipe to be stockpiled shall be placed as shown on the Plans and as directed by
the 1ngineer 6o pipe which has sustained structural damage shall be placed in stockpiles ,he
Contractor shall dispose off such damaged pipes at an approved locations
0econditioning Drainage 'tructures = 'tructures such as manholes# inlets# and the likes#
designated on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer to be reconditioned shall have all debris
removed# leaks repaired# missing or broken metalwork replaced# and each structure left in operating
condition
?0464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
7easurement will be made by the linear meter of pipe acceptably cleaned# removed# reClaid
or stockpile as designated in the (ill of Fuantities# irrespective of the kind or si!e involved
Pipe removed# cleaned# and reClaid will be measured in their final position
Pipe removed# cleaned# and stockpiled will be measured by totaling the nominal laying
lengths of all pipe units acceptably removed# cleaned# and placed in the stockpile
Pipe cleaned in place will be measured along the flow line of the pipe line acceptably cleaned
a directed
7easurement of drainage structures reconditioned will be made by actual count of the total
number of units of each type acceptably completed
?046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities as provided in 'ection &.//# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for at the
contract price bid per unit of measurement for each of the Pay +tems listed below that appear in the (id
'chedule# which price and payment shall be full compensation for the work of this item e?cept e?cavation
and backfill which is paid for under +tem $.B# 'tructure 1?cavation
1?cavation and backfill necessary for pipe removal operations shall be done as part of the
work of this +tem
,he Contractor shall remove and replace without added compensation any pipe damaged by
this operations and which cannot be acceptably repaired in place
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&./ ($) 0emoving# cleaning# stockpiling
'alvaged culvert pipe 3inear 7eter
&./ (-) 0emoving# cleaning# and reClaying
'alvaged culvert pipe 3inear 7eter
&./ (B) Cleaning culvert pipe in place 3inear 7eter
&./ (/) 0econditioning drainage structures 1ach
+f more than one type of drainage structure is described for an +tem in the (id 'chedule# letter
suffi?es shall be added to the item 6umber differentiate between such structures
+f no Pay +tem from the list above appears in (id 'chedule# the pipe removed will be
considered as included in the work of +tem $.$# 0emoval of 'tructures and 4bstructions
ITEM ?0? 7 RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP
?0?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the furnishing and placing of riprap with or without grout as the case
may be# with or without filter backing# furnished and constructed in accordance with this 'pecification and
to the lines and grades and dimensions shown on the Plans
?0?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0?6268 St)!%*
'tones for riprap shall consist of rock as nearly as rectangular in section as is practical#
e?cept that riprap of Class ) may consist of round natural stones ,he stones shall be sound# tough#
durable# dense# resistant to the action of air and water# and suitable in all respects for the purpose
intended
'tones for riprap shall be one of the following classes as shown on the Plans or determined
by the 1ngineer
Class ) C 'tones ranging from a minimum of $&kg to a ma?imum of -&kg with
at least &. percent of the stones weighing more than -.kg
Class ( C 'tones ranging from minimum of B.kg to a ma?imum of E.kg with at
least &. percent of the stones weighing more than &.kg
Class C C 'tones ranging from minimum of A.kg to a ma?imum of $..kg with
at least &. percent of the stones weighing more than J.kg
Class D C 'tones ranging from minimum of $..kg to a ma?imum of -..kg with
at least &. percent of the stones weighing more than $&.kg
'ound pieces of broken concrete obtained from the removal of bridges# culverts and other
structures may be substituted for stone with the approval of the 1ngineer
?0?6262 F'-t%# Mt%#'-*
When required# the riprap shall be placed on a filter layer to prevent fine embankment
materials to be washed out through the voids of the face stones ,he grading of the filter material shall be
as specified on the Plans# or in the 'pecial Provisions +f not so specified# it will be required that D$& of the
filter is at least / times the si!e DJ& for the embankment material# where D$& percent and J& percent#
respectively# passing (by mass) in a grain si!e analysis 5ine aggregate passing grading requirements for
+tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete# will satisfy foregoing requirements
?0?626: M)#t#
7ortar for grouted riprap shall consist of sand# cement and water conforming to the
requirements given under +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete# mi?ed in the proportion of one part cement to
three parts sand by volume# and sufficient water to obtain the required consistency
,he hori!ontal and vertical contact surface between stones shall be embedded by cement
mortar having a minimum thickness of -. mm 'ufficient mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids
leaving the face of the stones e?posed
?0?6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0?6:68 E<&;t')!
,he bed for riprap shall be e?cavated to the required depths and properly compacted#
trimmed and shaped
,he riprap shall be founded in a toe trench dug below the depth of scour as shown on the
Plans or as ordered by the 1ngineer ,he toe trench shall be filled with stone of the same class as that
specified for the riprap# unless otherwise specified
?0?6:62 P-&'!/
'tones placed below the water line shall be distributed so that the minimum thickness of the
riprap is not less than that specified
'tones above the water line shall be placed by hand or individually by machines ,hey shall
be laid with close# broken "oints and shall be firmly bedded into the slope and against the ad"oining
stones 1ach stone shall be laid with its longest a?is perpendicular to the slope in close contact with each
ad"acent stone ,he riprap shall be thoroughly rammed into place as construction progresses and the
finished surface shall present an even# tight surface +nterstices between stones shall be filled with small
broken fragments firmly rammed into place
2nless otherwise provided# riprap shall have the following minimum thickness# measured
perpendicular to the slope<
Class ) = B.. mm
Class ( = &.. mm
Class C = A.. mm
Class D = J.. mm
,he surface of riprap shall not vary from the theoretical surface by more than $.. mm at any
point
?0?6:6: G#)+t'!/
When grouted riprap is specified# stones shall be placed by hand# or individually by machine as
specified for riprap placed above the water line ,he spaces between the stones shall then be filled with
cement mortar throughout the thickness of the riprap as specified in 'ubsection &./-B# mortar
'ufficient mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids# e?cept that the face surface of the stones shall
be left e?posed
9rout shall be placed from bottom to top of the surface swept with a stiff broom )fter grouting is
completed# the surface shall be cured as specified in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete for a period of at
least three days
,he stones shall also be laid in a manner that the vertical and hori!ontal alignments of the
e?posed face shall# as possible be maintained in a straight line
?0?6:64 W%%$0)-%*
)ll walls and abutments shall be provided with weepholes 2nless otherwise shown on the
Plans or directed by the 1ngineer# the weepholes shall be placed hori!ontally at the lowest points where
free outlets for water can be obtained and shall be spaced at not more than - m center to center in a
staggered manner ,he length of the weepholes shall not be less than the thickness of the walls of the
abutment and shall be at least &. mm diameter P*C or other pipe materials accepted by the 1ngineer
Weepholes must be provided with filter bags as specified in special provision or as directed by the
1ngineer# and shall be incidental to Pay +tem &.&
?0?64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities to be measured for payment shall be the number of cubic meters of riprap or
grouted riprap# as the case may be# including stones placed in the toe trench laid in position and
accepted
5ilter layer of granular material# when required# shall be measured separately by the cubic
meter in place and accepted
,he computation of the quantities will be based on the volume within the limiting dimensions
designated on the Plans or as determined by the 1ngineer
?0?6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as provided under 'ubsection &.&/ shall be paid for at the contract
unit price# respectively# for each of the Pay +tems listed below and shown in the (id 'chedule# which
price and payment shall be full compensation for e?cavation and preparation of the bed# for furnishing
and placing all materials including backfill and all additional fill to bring the riprap bed up to the lines#
grades and dimensions shown on the plans# and all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the +tem.
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.& ($) 0iprap# Class ) Cubic 7eter
&.& (-) 0iprap# Class ( Cubic 7eter
&.& (B) 0iprap# Class C Cubic 7eter
&.& (/) 0iprap# Class D Cubic 7eter
&.& (&) 9routed 0iprap# Class ) Cubic 7eter
&.& (A) 9routed 0iprap# Class ( Cubic 7eter
&.& (E) 9routed 0iprap# Class C Cubic 7eter
&.& (J) 9routed 0iprap# Class D Cubic 7eter
&.& (%) 5ilter layer of granular material Cubic 7eter
ITEM ?0@ 7 STONE MASONRY
?0@68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of stone masonry in minor structures# in headwalls for culverts# in
retaining walls at the toes of slopes# and at other places called for on the Plans# constructed on the
prepared foundation bed# in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades#
sections# and dimensions shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing by the 1ngineer
?0@62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0@6268 St)!%
,he stone shall be clean# hard# and durable and shall be sub"ect to the 1ngineerDs approval
)dobe stone shall not be used unless otherwise specified
'i!es and 'hapes = 2nless other si!es are shown on the Plans# stones have a thickness of
not less than $&. mm# and widths of not less than one and oneChalf times their respective thickness# and
lengths of not less than one and one half times their respective widths 1ach stone shall be of good
shape and be free of depressions and pro"ections that might weaken or prevent it from being properly
bedded
Dressing = ,he stone shall be dressed to remove any thin or weak portions 5ace stones
shall be dressed to provide bed and "oint lines that do not vary more than -. mm from the true lines and
to ensure the meeting of bed and "oint lines without the rounding of corners of the stones in e?cess of B.
mm in radius (ed surfaces of the face stones shall be appro?imately normal to the face of the stones
for about J. mm and from this point may depart from a normal plane not to e?ceed &. mm in B.. mm
5inish for 1?posed 5aces = 5ace stones shall be pitched to the line along the beds and "oints
,he ma?imum pro"ection of rock faces beyond the pitch lines shall not be more than &. mm
?0@6262 M)#t#
Cement# fine aggregate# and water shall conform to the respective requirements for those
materials as specified under +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete# e?cept as to the grading of fine aggregate
which shall all pass the -BA mm (6o J) sieve# not less than $& nor more than /. percent shall pass the
.B mm (6o &. ) sieve# and not more than $. percent shall pass the .$& mm (6o$..) sieve
,he mortar for the masonry shall be composed of one part of Portland Cement and two parts
of fine aggregate by volume and sufficient water to make the mortar of such consistency that it can be
handled easily and spread with a trowel 7ortar shall be mi?ed only in those quantities required for
immediate use 2nless an approved mortar mi?ing machine is used# the fine aggregate and cement shall
be mi?ed dry in a tight bo? until the mi?ture assumes a uniform color# after which# water shall be added
as the mi?ing continues until the mortar attains the proper consistency 7ortar that is not used within %.
minutes after the water has been added shall be discarded 0etempering of mortar will not be permitted
?0@6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t
?0@6:68 S%-%&t')! !" P-&'!/
When the masonry is to be placed on a prepared foundation bed# the bed shall be firm and
normal to# or in steps normal to# the face of the wall# and shall have been approved by the 1ngineer
before any stone is placed
Care shall be taken to prevent the bunching of small stone or stones of the same si!e 3arge
stones shall be used in the corners
)ll stones shall be cleaned thoroughly and wetted immediately before being set# and the bed
which is to receive them shall be cleaned and moistened before the mortar is spread ,hey shall be laid
with their longest faces hori!ontal in full beds of mortar# and the "oints shall be flushed with mortar
,he e?posed faces of individual stones shall be parallel to the faces of the walls in which the
stones are set
,he stones shall be so handled as not to "ar displace the stones already set 'uitable
equipment shall be provided for setting stones larger than those that can be handled by two men ,he
rolling or turning of stones on the walls will not be permitted +f a stone is loosened after the mortar has
taken initial set# it shall be removed# the mortar cleaned off# and the stone relaid with fresh mortar
?0@6:62 B%" !" F)'!t*
(eds for face stones may vary from -. mm to &. mm in thickness ,hey shall not e?tend an
unbroken line through more than & stones ;oints may vary from -. mm to &. mm in thickness ,hey
shall not e?tend in an unbroken line through more than two stones ,hey may be at angles with the
vertical from .
.
to /&
.
5ace stone shall bond at least $&. mm longitudinally and &. mm vertically )t no
place shall corners of four stones be ad"acent to each other
Cross beds for vertical faced walls shall be level# and for battered walls may vary from level
to normal to the batter line of the face of the wall
?0@6:6: H%"%#*
Headers shall be distributed uniformly throughout the walls of the structures so as to form at
least oneCfifth of the e?posed faces ,hey shall be of such lengths as to e?tend from the front face of the
wall into the backing of at least B.. mm When a wall is /&. mm or less in thickness# the headers shall
e?tend entirely from front to back face
?0@6:64 B&.'!/
(acking shall be built mostly of large stones as shown in the approved Plans or as directed
by the 1ngineer ,he individual stones composing the backing and hearting shall be well bonded with the
stones in the face wall and with each other )ll openings and interstices in the backing shall be filled
completely with mortar or with spalls surrounded completely by mortar
?0@6:6? P)'!t'!/
(oth bed and vertical "oints shall be finished as shown on the Plans or as directed by the
1ngineer ,he mortar in "oints on top of surface of masonry shall be crowned slightly at the center of the
masonry to provide drainage
?0@6:6@ C)$'!/
Copings# if called for# shall be finished as shown on the Plans Where copings are not called
for# the top of the wall shall be finished with stones wide enough to cover the top of the wall from /&. mm
to $... mm in length# and of random heights# with a minimum height of $&. mm 'tone shall be laid in
such a manner that the top course is an integral part of the wall ,he tops of top course of stone shall be
pitched to line# in both vertical and hori!ontal planes
?0@6:6A W%%$0)-%*
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem &./# 0iprap and 9routed 0iprap under
'ubsection &./B/# Weepholes
?0@6:6B C-%!'!/ E<$)*%" F&%*
+mmediately after being laid# and while the mortar is fresh# all face stones shall be thoroughly
cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the work is completed
?0@6:6C C+#'!/
+n hot or dry weather# the masonry shall be satisfactory protected from the sun and shall be
kept wet for a period of at least three days after completion
?0@64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of stone masonry complete in
place and accepted Pro"ections e?tending beyond the faces of the walls shall not be included +n
computing the quantity for payment# the dimensions used shall be those shown on the Plans or ordered
in writing by the 1ngineer 6o deductions shall be made for weepholes# drain pipes or other openings of
less than one square meter in area
?0@6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity of masonry# determined as provided in 'ection &.A/# 7ethod of 7easurement#
shall be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic meter for 'tone 7asonry# which price and payment
shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including mortar for masonry# for all
necessary e?cavations# and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
+tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.A 'tone 7asonry Cubic 7eter
ITEM ?0A 7 RUBBLE CONCRETE
?0A68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of the construction of rubble concrete in accordance with this
specification and in conformity with the lines# grades# slopes and dimensions shown in the Plans or
established by the 1ngineer
?0A62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0A6268 St)!%
,he stone shall be cleaned# hard# and durable and shall be sub"ect to the 1ngineerDs
approval )dobe stone shall not be used unless otherwise specified 'tones to be used shall be more
than ..$& cubic metre in volume and not less than E& percent of the total volume of rock embankment
and shall consist of stones ..B cubic metre in volume as described in +tem &.A- 'tones obtained from
e?cavation performed under this contract may be used
?0A6262 C)!&#%t% C-** KBL
Concrete shall be Class G(H in accordance with +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
?0A6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0A6:68 P#%$#t')! )( F)+!"t')! B%"
,he foundation bed shall be e?cavated to the lines and grades as shown in the plans as
directed by the 1ngineer# and shall be thoroughly compacted in accordance with +tem $./BB
?0A6:62 F-*%1)#. !" F)#51)#. C)!*t#+&t')!
5alsework@formwork shall be constructed so as to withstand the stresses imposed
5ormwork used shall be constructed with sufficient strength# rigidity and shape as to leave
the finished works true to the dimensions shown on the Plans and with the surface finished as specified
,he inside surface of the forms shall be cleaned of all dirt# water and foreign materials 5orms
shall be thoroughly coated with form oil prior to use ,he form oil shall be commercial quality form oil or
other approved coating which will permit the ready release of forms and will not discolor the concrete
?0A6:6: P-&'!/
4ne layer of concrete Class G(H shall be placed at the prepared bed prior to placing of
stones Clearance between stones shall not be less than -C$@- inches or the ma?imum si!e of concrete
aggregate for Class G(H
Concrete Class G(H shall be placed after each layer of stone and shall be thoroughly
consolidated by means of a vibrator inserted in each layer of concrete +n no case shall the vibrator be
operated longer than $. seconds in any location
)fter removal of forms# any cavities# voids and honeycomb spots shall be filled up with
mortar composed of one part cement and two parts sand
)ll debris and refuse resulting from work shall be removed and the site left in a neat and
presentable condition
?0A6:64 W%%$0)-%*
+t shall conform to the requirements of +tem &./# 0iprap and 9routed 0iprap under
'ubsection &./B/# Weepholes
?0A64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of rubble concrete complete in place and
accepted +n computing the quantity of payment the dimension used shall be those shown on the plans or
ordered in writing by the 1ngineer 6o reduction shall be made for weepholes
?0A6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity of rubble concrete determined as provided in the preceding section &.E/#
7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic meter for rubble concrete#
which price and payment shall be full compensation for the preparation of the bed# furnishing# necessary
e?cavations# falsework# and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
+tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.E 0ubble Concrete Cubic 7eter
ITEM ?0B 7 HANDDLAID ROCK EMBANKMENT
?0B68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of handClaid rock embankment# as designated in the (id 'chedule#
constructed in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on
the Plans or established by the 1ngineer
?0B62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
'tones shall be sound and durable and furnished in a wellCbalanced ranged of si!es meeting
the requirements herein
2nless otherwise provided by the Plans or 'pecial provisions# all stones shall be more than ..$& cubic
meter in volume and not less than E& percent of the total volume of rock embankment and shall consist
of stones ..B cubic meter in volume 'tones obtained from e?cavation performed under this contract
may be used )dobe stone shall not be used# unless otherwise specified
?0B6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
'ufficient e?cavation shall be made to e?pose a foundation bed that is satisfactory to the
1ngineer ,he stones shall be founded on this bed and laid to the lines and dimensions required
'tones shall be laid flat and securely placed with broken "oint lines ,he larger stones shall
generally be located in the lower part of the structure and voids shall be eliminated to the e?tent possible
'palls smaller than the minimum stone si!e specified in 'ection &.A-# 7aterial 0equirements# shall
be used to check the larger stones solidly in position and to substantially fill voids between the ma"or
stones as laid in the embankment ,he e?posed face of the rock mass shall be reasonably uniform# with
no pro"ections of more than $&. mm# beyond the neat lines shown on the Plans or as directed by the
1ngineer
(ackfill ad"acent to the handClaid rock embankment shall be filled entirely with acceptable
material coming from e?cavation items and compacted
?0B64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for will be the number of cubic meter of handClaid rock embankment
measured in place# completed and accepted
?0B6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity determined# as provided in 'ection &.J/# 7ethod of 7easurement 3 will be paid
for at the contract price per cubic meter for HandC3aid 0ock 1mbankment# which price and payment
shall constitute full compensation for furnishing# selecting# and transporting stones# for placing stones by
hand# for backfilling# and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
including foundation e?cavation
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.J HandC3aid 0ock 1mbankment Cubic 7eter
ITEM ?0C 7 SHEET PILES
?0C68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his shall consist of furnishing# driving and cutting off of sheet piling covered by this
'pecification
?0C62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?0C6268 T'5,%# S0%%t P'-%*
,he timber# unless otherwise definitely noted on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions# may
consist of any species which will satisfactorily stand driving +t shall be sawn or hewn with square corners
and shall be free from worm holes# loose knots# wing shakes# decay or unsound portions or other
defects which might impair its strength or tightness
?0C6262 C)!&#%t% S0%%t P'-%*
Concrete# reinforcement# and manufacture of concrete sheet piles shall conform to the
requirements of +tem /..# Piling# 'ubsection /..-B# Concrete Piles
?0C626: St%%- S0%%t P'-%*
'teel sheet piles shall be of the type# weight and 'ection 7odulus indicated on the Plans or
'pecial Provisions# and shall conform to the requirement of +tem /..# Piling# 'ubsection /..-E# 'heet
Piles# Painting shall conform to the requirements for +tem /$$# Paint# 'ubsection /$$A-# Painting
'tructural 'teel
?0C6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
'heet piles shall be driven to elevation shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
Where impractical to drive to plan elevation due to subsurface conditions# the driving of piles may be
stopped at a higher elevation with the written permission of the 1ngineer However# before granting such
permission# the 1ngineer shall ascertain that the Contractor has adequate equipment for the required
driving and that the piles can be driven to the plan elevation with the proper use of this equipment
,he top of the piling shall be driven or cutCoff to a straight line at the elevation indicated on
the Plans
,he requirements governing the installation of sheet piling shall conform in general to those
governing bearing piles as set forth under +tem /..# Piling
?0C64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
'heet piling will be measured by the linear meter of sheet piling as shown on the Plans or as
directed in writing by the 1ngineer# complete in place and accepted However# measurement of piling
which has been delivered to plan length and cannot be driven according to plan or directed elevation
because of subsurface condition shall be measured as if driven to that elevations
?0C6? B*'* )( P25%!t
Payment of steel piles as determined in 'ection &.%/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be
made at the contract unit price per linear meter 'uch payment shall be considered full compensation for
furnishing all materials# labor# equipment# tools# paint# bolts# wales and incidentals necessary to complete
the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&.% (a) 'heet Piles (,imber) 3inear 7eter
&.% (b) 'heet Piles ('teel) 3inear 7eter
&.% (c) 'heet Piles (Concrete) 3inear 7eter
ITEM ?80 7 CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION
?8068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the furnishing and placing of concrete slope protection including all
necessary e?cavation# a bed course and reinforced concrete to the required thickness and e?tent to
protect slopes against erosion Construction details shall be as shown on the Plans
?8062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?806268 B%" C)+#*%
) bed course# where required# shall be granular material which satisfies the requirements for
+tem -..# )ggregate 'ubCbase# 9rading )
?806262 F)#51)#.
5ormwork# where necessary# shall be as specified in +tem /.E# Concrete 'tructures
?80626: St%%- R%'!()#&%5%!t
'teel reinforcement shall be as specified in +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel
?806264 C)!&#%t%
Concrete shall be Class ( as specified in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete# unless otherwise
specified or required by the 1ngineer
?806: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?806:68 E<&;t')!
,he ground shall be e?cavated where necessary in accordance with the dimensions# lines
and grades shown on the Plans
?806:62 B%" C)+#*%
Where shown on the Plans or ordered by the 1ngineer# the Contractor shall provide and lay a
bed course# to the depth required# and as specified in +tem -..# )ggregate 'ubbase Course# compacted
at least $.. percent of the ma?imum dry density as determined by ))'H,4 , $J.# 7ethod D
?806:6: C)!&#%t%
,he Contractor shall provide and place concrete in accordance with the requirements of +tem
/.&# 'tructural Concrete# to the required depths in the positions and to the grades and elevations shown
on the Plans 2nless otherwise specified# the concrete slabs shall not be greater than /m by /m and
shall have between slabs# plain vertical straight "oints with no "oint filler or sealer
,he toe of the concrete slope protection shall be constructed and protected a shown on the
Plans
?806:64 D#'!/%
Drainage of the bed course or backfill shall be provided as shown on the Plans or as required
by the 1ngineer
?8064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of granular material in the bed course to be paid for shall be measured by the
cubic meter inCplace and accepted as shown on the Plans
,he quantity of concrete to be paid for shall be measured by the cubic meter inCplace and
accepted as shown on the Plans
?806? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities as provided in 'ection &$./# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid
for at the contract unit price according to the Pay +tem in the (id 'chedule which price and payment shall
constitute full compensation for the necessary e?cavation# for all labor# equipment# tools# all materials
including formwork and reinforcing steel# and incidentals necessary to complete this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&$. ($) (ed Course Cubic meter inCplace
9ranular 7aterial
&$. (-) Concrete Cubic meter inCplace
ITEM ?88 7 GABIONS AND MATTRESSES
?8868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing# forming wire mesh baskets# and placing rocks installed
at the locations designated# in accordance with this 'pecification and in conformity with the lines# grades#
dimensions# and arrangements shown on the Plans or as directed by the 1ngineer
?8862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
?886268 G%!%#-
9abions shall be constructed of wire mesh and shall be supplied in various lengths and
heights ) double twisted wire mesh container of variable si!es# uniformly partitioned into internal cells#
interconnected with other similar units# and filled with stones at the pro"ect site to form fle?ible#
permeable# monolithic structures such as retaining walls# sea walls# channel linings# revetments and
weirs for erosion control ,he lengths shall be multiples of -# B or / times the width of the gabion and
heights shall be .&. m to $.. m or as shown on the plans ,he hori!ontal width shall not be less than
one meter 9abion furnished shall be of uniform width

,he width# height and length of the gabion as manufactured shall not differ more than &K
from the ordered si!e prior to filling
7attresses are double twisted wire mesh container uniformly partitioned into internal cells
with relatively small height in relation to other dimensions# having smaller mesh openings than the mesh
used for gabions 7attresses are generally used for riverbank protection and channel linings ,he length
shall be B.. m to A.. m# the width shall be -.. m and the height shall be .$E m# .-B m or .B. m or
as shown on the Plans
,he width and length of the revet mattress as manufactured shall not differ more than &K#
and the height shall not differ more than $.K from the ordered si!e prior to filling
?886262 W'#%
,he wire used in the manufactured of doubleCtwisted mesh for use in gabions and mattresses
shall conform to the specifications as shown below as appropriate for the style ordered
?88626268 'tyle $ doubleCtwisted mesh shall be manufactured from !incCcoated steel wire
conforming to 'pecification )',7 ) A/$# Class B coating# soft temper
?88626262 'tyle - doubleCtwisted mesh shall be manufactured from VnC&)$C77Ccoated steel wire
conforming to 'pecification )',7 ) J&A@) J&A 7# Class B coating# soft temper
?8862626: 'tyle B doubleCtwisted mesh shall be manufactured from the same type of metallicC
coated steel wire as style $ with an additional P*C coating e?truded into the metallicC
coated steel wire ,he P*C coating shall conform to the following requirements<
,est 7ethod
$ 'pecific 9ravity $B. to $B& D E%-
- ,ensile 'trength# min -.A 7Pa D /$-
B 7odulus of 1lasticity# min $JA 7Pa D /$-
/ Hardness# shore GDH between &. U A. D --/.
& (rittleness ,emp# ma? %
.
C ($&
.
5) or lower
temp
D E/A
A 0esistance to )brasion# K
weight loss# ma?
$-K D $-/-
,he P*C coating shall not show cracks or breaks after the wires are twisted in the fabrication
of the mesh
?88626264 'tyle / doubleCtwisted mesh shall be manufactured from aluminumCcoated steel wire
conforming to 'pecification )',7 ) J.%# soft temper
?88626: L&'!/ W'#% !" St'((%!%#
3acing wire and stiffeners shall be made of wire having the same coating
material as the doubleCtwisted wire mesh conforming to 'pecification )',7 ) A/$# )
J&A@) J&A 7 or ) J.% with a tensile strength in accordance with subsection &.%-E
?886264 5asteners made from !incCcoated steel wire# !inc C &K aluminum mischmetal alloyCcoated steel
wire and aluminumCcoated steel shall conform to specification ) EA/# ,ype )# (# or C#
,able - or ,able B
?88626? 9abion and mattresses shall be manufactured with all components mechanically connected
at the production facility with the e?ception of the mattresses lid which is produced
separately from the base )ll gabions and mattresses shall be supplied in the collapsed
form# either folded and bundled or rolled# for shipping6
?88626@ D'5%!*')!*
,he minimum si!e of the galvani!ed and P*C coated wire to be used in the fabrication of the
gabion and mattresses shall be as follows<
Diameter# mm
9abion 7attresses
7etallic Coated P*C
Coated
7etallic
Coated
P*C Coated
(ody Wire
'elvedge or Perimeter Wire
,ying and Connecting Wire
B.&
BJ.
--.
-E.
B/.
--.
--.
-E.
--.
--.
-E.
--.
Diameter ,olerances for 9alvani!ed Wire to be used in the fabrication of gabion and mattress
shall be $.
,he nominal and the minimum thickness of P*C coating shall be .&. mm and .BJ mm#
respectively
?88626A M%&0!'&- P#)$%#t'%*
,ensile 'trength = ,he tensile strength of VincCcoated wire used in the fabrication of gabion
and mattresses when tested in accordance with ,est 7ethods )',7 ) BE.# shall be as follows<
'trength# ma?# 7pa
9abion 7attresses
(ody Wire /J& &$&
'elvedge or Perimeter Wire /J& /J&
,ying and Connecting Wire &$& &$&
?88626B W%'/0t )( C)t'!/
,he minimum weight of !inc per unit area of uncoated wire surface shall be in accordance
with )',7 ) %E& or as follows<
Wire Diameter# mm Class B or ) Coating# g@m
-
# )',7 ) A/$
4ver $%. to -B. --.
4ver -B. to -E. -B.
4ver -E. to B$. -/.
4ver B$. to B&. -A.
4ver B&. to B%. -E.
?88626 C R)&. F'--
0ock used in the gabions and mattresses shall consist of hard# durable rock pieces that will
not deteriorate when submerged in water or e?posed to severe weather conditions 0ock pieces shall be
generally uniformly graded in si!es ranging from $.. mm to -.. mm 5illed gabions shall have a
minimum density of $#/.. kg@m
B
*oids shall be evenly distributed
6o rock si!e shall e?ceed -@B the mattress depth and at least J&K by weight of the stone
shall have a si!e greater than J. mm 6o stones shall be able to pass through the mesh
,he rock shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 AB e?cept that the sodium sulphate
soundness loss shall not e?ceed %K after & cycles
?8862680 F'-t%# F,#'&
5ilter cloth shall consist of E.K polypropylene and B.K polyethylene
?886: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
?886:68 F,#'&t')!
$ 9abions and mattresses shall be in the form of rectangular baskets of the required
dimensions and shall be manufactured from wire as specified in 'ubsection &.%--
9abions shall be made of steel wire double twisted forming a uniform he?agonal
mesh type J ? $. having a nominal mesh openings of JB by $$/ mm 7attresses
shall be made of steel wire double twisted forming a uniform he?agonal mesh type A
? J having a nominal mesh openings of A/ by JB mm ,olerances on the he?agonal#
doubleCtwisted wire mesh opening shall not e?ceed $.K on the nominal dimension
D values# A/ mm for mattresses and JB mm for gabions ,he edges shall be formed
into a securely connected selvedge adequate to prevent raveling
+ndividual basket ties and connections shall be made by using a quantity
of wire not less than JK of the weight of each basket
- When the gabion length e?ceeds its width# it shall have securely tied diaphragms
connected at all edges to form individual cells of equal length and width
9abions shall be fabricated in such a manner that the sides# ends# lids
and diaphragms can be assembled at the construction site into rectangular baskets
of the specified si!es 9abions shall be of single unit construction# base# lids# ends
and sides shall be either woven into a single unit or one edge of these members
connected to the base section of the gabion in such a manner that the strength and
fle?ibility at the point of connection is at least equal to that of the mesh
,he gabion shall be equally divided by diaphragms# placed at not more
than $. m intervals# and of the same mesh and gauge as the body of the gabions#
into cells the length of which does not e?ceed the hori!ontal width ,he gabion shall
be furnished with the necessary diaphragms secured in proper position on the base
in such a manner that no additional tying at this "unction will be necessary
B 5our crossCconnecting wires shall be provided in each cell having a height of one half
the width or less# and eight crossCconnecting wires shall be provided in each cell
having a height greater than one half the width
)ll perimeter edge of the mesh forming the gabion shall be securely
selvedged so that the "oints# by tying the selvedges# have at least the same strength
as the body of the mesh
'elvedge wire used through all the edges (perimeter wire) shall not be
less than BJ. mm diameter and shall meet the same specifications as the wire
mesh
?886:62 A**%5,-2 !" C)!*t#+&t')!4
$ 9abions shall be installed in a workmanlike manner ,he gabions shall be placed
on a smooth foundation 5inal line and grade shall be approved by the 1ngineer
1ach gabion unit shall be assembled by binding together all vertical
edges with wire ties on appro?imately $&- mm (A inches) spacing or by a continuous
piece of connecting wire stitched around the vertical edges with a coil every $.- mm
( / inches) 1mpty gabion units shall be set to line and grade as shown on the Plans
or as described by the 1ngineer Wire ties or connecting wires shall be used to "oin
the units together in the same manner as described above for assembling +nternal
tie wires shall be uniformly spaced and securely fastened in each cell of the
structure
) standard fence stretcher# chain fall# or iron rod may be used to stretch the wire
baskets and hold alignment
- When possible the subgrade of the mattress and gabion shall be properly
compacted to a depth of $&. mm ,he Contractor shall consider the cost of
subgrade preparation in the unit prices 5ilter fabric as beds of gabions and
mattresses forming the structure shall be suitably leveled and shall be securely
connected along the complete length of all contact edges by means of the above
specified tying and connecting wire
B (efore the filling material is placed# the gabions and mattresses shall be carefully
selected for uniformity of si!e# and the pieces shall be handplaced to provide a neat
appearance as approved by the 1ngineer
,he gabions shall be filled with stone carefully placed by hand or
machine to assure alignment and avoid bulges with a minimum voids )lternate
placing of rock and connection wires shall be performed until the gabion is filled
)fter a gabion has been filled# the lid shall be bent over until it meets the sides and
edges ,he lid shall then be secured to the sides# ends and diaphragms with the wire
ties or connecting wire in the manner described for assembling
,he vertical "oints of gabions and mattress baskets shall be staggered as
in running bond in brickwork
/ ,he cells in any row shall be filled in stage so that local deformation may be avoided
,hat is at no time shall the cell be filled to a depth e?ceeding B. cm more than the
ad"oining cell
& 5ilter fabric shall be placed between earth surface and gabion or mattress
structures 5ilter fabric shall be rolled out into a flat nonCrutted surface free from
sharp ob"ects# weighing down the edges Construction equipment shall not be
allowed into unprotected fabric ;ointing is normally affected by overlapping not less
than B.. mm# but it is preferable to "oint by sewing or industrial stapling ;oint edges
should be facing downwards to avoid protruding through the surface material
?8864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meter of gabions and
mattresses and the area of filter cloth completed and accepted
?886? B*'* )( P25%!t
Fuantities determined as provided above shall be paid for at the appropriate
contract unit price per unit of measurement for the Pay +tem shown in the (id 'chedule# which price and
payment shall constitute full compensation for all necessary e?cavation# subgrade preparation# for
furnishing# placing wire baskets and fill materials and for all labor# equipment accessories# tools# and
incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
&$$ ($) 9abions Cubic 7eter
&$$ (-) 7attresses Cubic 7eter
&$$ (B) 5ilter Cloth 'quare 7eter

PART H 7 MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES
ITEM @00 7 CURB AND GUTTER
@0068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the construction of curb and gutter either Precast or Cast in place#
made of concrete in accordance with this 'pecification at the location# and in conformity with the lines#
grades# dimensions and design# shown on the Plans or as required by the 1ngineer
@0062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@006268 Mt%#'- ()# B%" C)+#*%
(ed course materials as shown on the Plans shall consist of cinders# sand# slag# gravel#
crushed stone# or other approved porous material of such grading that all the particles will pass through
$-& mm ($@- inch) sieve
@006262 C)!&#%t%
Concrete shall be of the class indicated on the Plans and shall conform to the
requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
@00626: E<$!*')! F)'!t F'--%#
1?pansion "oint filler shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&B@ +tem E.&
@006264 C%5%!t M)#t#
Cement mortar shall consist of one part of Portland cement and two parts of fine aggregates
with water added as necessary to obtain the required consistency ,he mortar shall be used within B.
minutes of preparation
@00626? B)!"'!/ C)5$)+!"
Where bonding compound is used# it shall conform to ))'H,4 7 -..
@006: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@006:68 B%""'!/
1?cavation shall be made to the required depth and the base upon which the curb and@or
gutter is to be set shall be compacted to a firm and even surface )ll
soft and unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with suitable material
(ed course material shall be placed and compacted to form a bed of the required thickness
as shown on the Plans
@006:62 C*t '! P-&% C+#, !" G+tt%#
@006:6268 P-&'!/
5orms shall conform to the requirements of +tem /.E# Concrete 'tructures 7etal forms shall
be of an approved section
5orms to hold the concrete shall be built and setCinCplace as described in +tem /.E# Concrete
'tructures 5orms for at least &. m of curb and gutter shall be inCplace and checked for alignment and
grade before concrete is placed Curbs and gutters constructed on curves shall have forms of either
wood or metal and they shall be accurately shaped to the curvature shown on the Plans
7i?ing# placing# finishing and curing of concrete shall conform to the requirements of +tem
/.&# 'tructural Concrete# as modified by the requirements below
,he concrete shall be placed in the forms in layers of $.. or $-& mm each# and to the depth
required +t shall be tamped and spaded until mortar entirely covers the top and surfaces of the forms
,he top of the concrete shall be finished to a smooth and even surface and the edges rounded to the
radii shown on the Plans (efore the concrete is given the final finishing# the surface of the gutter shall
be tested with a BCm straightCedge and any irregularities of more than $. mm in B m shall be corrected
,he curb and gutter shall be constructed in uniform sections of not more than &. m in length
e?cept where shorter sections are required to coincide with the location of weakened planes or
contraction "oints of the concrete pavement# or for closures# but no section shall be less than - m long
,he sections shall be separated by sheet templates set perpendicular to the face and top of the curb and
gutter ,he templates shall be appro?imately & mm in thickness and of the same width as that of the curb
and@or gutter and not less than &. mm deeper than the depth of the curb and@or gutter ,emplates shall
be set carefully and held firmly during the placing of the concrete and shall remain in place until the
concrete has set sufficiently to hold its shape but shall be removed while the forms are still in place )
preformed "oint filler approved by the 1ngineer may be used in lieu of the sheet template mentioned
above +n this event the fiber board shall be preCcut to the shape of the curb so that its outer edge will be
flushed with the abutting curb and@or gutter
1?pansion "oints shall be formed at intervals shown on the Plans Where a curb is placed
ne?t to a concrete pavement# e?pansion "oints in the curb shall be located opposite e?pansion "oints in
the pavement
,he form shall be removed within -/ hours after the concrete has been placed 7inor
defects shall be repaired with mortar containing one part of Portland Cement and two parts of fine
aggregate Plastering shall not be permitted and all re"ected portions shall be removed and replaced at
the ContractorDs e?pense ,he e?posed surface shall be finished while the concrete is still fresh by
rubbing the surfaces with a wetted soft brick or wood until they are smooth ,he surfaces shall be wetted
thoroughly# either by dipping the brick or wood in water# or by throwing water on the surfaces with a
brush )fter the concrete has been rubbed smooth using water# it shall then be rubbed with a thin grout
containing one part of Portland Cement and one part of fine aggregates 0ubbing with grout shall
continue until uniform color is produced When completed# the concrete shall be covered with suitable
material and kept moist for a period of B days# or a membraneCforming material may be applied as
provided in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete ,he concrete shall be suitably protected from the weather
until thoroughly hardened
)fter the concrete has set sufficiently# the spaces on the back of the curb which were
e?cavated for placing the curb shall be refilled to the required elevation with suitable material which shall
be tamped in layers of not more than $&. mm until consolidated
@006:6: P#%&*t C+#, !" G+tt%#
@006:6:68 P-&'!/
,he precast concrete curb and gutter shall be set in -.mm of cement mortar as specified in
'ubsection A..-/ to the line level and grade as shown on the approved Plans
,he precast curb shall not be more than -.cm in width at the top portion and not be more
than -&cm at the base ,he precast curb and gutter shall be $. m in length and shall be put side by side
consecutively with "oint in between
;oints between consecutive curb and gutter shall be filled with cement mortar to the full
section of the curb and gutter 1?pansion "oints shall be formed at intervals shown on the Plans Where
a curb and gutter is placed ne?t to a concrete pavement# e?pansion "oints in the curb and gutter shall be
located opposite e?pansion "oints in the pavement
7inor defects shall be repaired with mortar containing one part of Portland Cement and two
parts of fine aggregates Plastering shall not be permitted and all re"ected portions shall be removed and
replaced at the ContractorDs e?pense ,he e?posed surface shall be finished by rubbing the surfaces
with a wetted soft brick or wood until they are smooth ,he surfaces shall be wetted thoroughly# either by
dipping the brick or wood in water# or by throwing water on the surfaces with a brush )fter the concrete
has been rubbed smooth using water# it shall then be rubbed with a thin grout containing one part of
Portland Cement and one part of fine aggregate 0ubbing with grout shall continue until uniform color is
produced
@006:6:62 H!"-'!/ P#%&*t C+#, !" G+tt%#
86 +n preparation for the handling of precast curb and gutter# all fabricated curb and gutter of one
($) meter in length shall be provided or inserted with -C$HZ P*C pipes for fitting at their
required locations ,he P*C pipes shall be placed -& mm from both edge during the fresh
concrete is in plastic state
26 Precast curb and gutter shall be lifted on upright position and not at the points of support and
shall be the same during transporting and storage
:6 1?treme care shall be e?ercised in handling and moving precast curb and gutter to avoid
cracking
46 6o precast curb and gutter shall be used that does not reach its final position in the forms
with the required time stipulated prior to installation
?6 Precast curb and gutter shall be transferred to the construction site 5resh curb and gutter
shall not be placed against inCsitu concrete which has been in a position for more than B.
minutes
@6 Precast curb and gutter may only be transported to the delivery point in truck agitators or
truck mi?er operating at the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment#
provided that the consistency and workability of the mi? concrete upon discharge at the
delivery point is suitable for adequate placement
@0064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he length of curb and gutter to be paid for shall be the number of linear meters of curb and
gutter (cast in place) or the number of pieces of precast curb and gutter of the required dimensions
shown on the Plans measured along its front face inCplace# completed and accepted 6o deductions
shall be made for flattening of curbs at entrances and no additional allowances shall be made for curbs
and gutters constructed on curves
@006? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he length of curb and gutter determined in 'ubsection A../# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
be paid for at the contract unit price per linear meter for Curb and 9utter which price and payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials for concrete# reinforcing steel if
required on the Plans# e?pansion "oint materials# forms for drainage openings# e?cavation for curb and
gutter# backfilling# dumping and disposal of surplus materials# and for all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.. ($) Concrete Curb (Cast in place) 3inear 7eter
A.. (-) Concrete 9utter (Cast in place) 3inear 7eter
A.. (B) Curb and 9utter (Cast in place) 3inear 7eter
A.. (/) Concrete Curb (Precast) Piece
A.. (&) Concrete 9utter (Precast) Piece
A.. (A) Curb U 9utter (Precast) Piece
ITEM @08 7 SIDEWALK
@0868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of the construction of asphalt or Portland Cement concrete sidewalk in
accordance with this 'pecification and to the lines# grades# levels and dimensions shown on the Plans#
or as required by the 1ngineer
@0862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@086268 P)#t-!" C%5%!t C)!&#%t%
,he cement concrete shall be Class ) as specified in +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete
@086262 A*$0-t
)sphaltic material shall be as specified in +tem B.J# (ituminous PlantC7i? 'urface Course#
ColdC3aid# or +tem B$.# (ituminous Concrete 'urface Course# HotC3aid
@08626: E<$!*')! F)'!t F'--%#
2nless otherwise ordered# the preformed "oint filler shall have a thickness of & mm and shall
conform to the requirements of +tem B$$# Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
@086264 F)#5*
5orms shall be of wood or metal as approved by the 1ngineer and shall e?tend to the full
depth of the concrete )ll forms shall be straight# free from warps and of adequate strength to resist
distortion
@08626? B%" C)+#*% Mt%#'-
(ed course material consists of cinders# sand# slag# gravel# crushed stone or other approved
permeable granular material of such grading that all particles shall pass a $-& mm ($@- inch) sieve
@08626@ A*$0-t'& P#'5% C)t
Prime coat shall be cutCback asphalt conforming to the requirements of +tem B.$# (ituminous
Prime Coat
@086: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@086:68 A*$0-t S'"%1-.
1?cavation shall be made to the depth and width required that will permit the installation and
bracing of the forms ,he foundation shall be shaped and compacted to a firm and even surface
conforming to the section shown on the Plans )ll materials from soft areas shall be removed and
replaced with suitable materials

,he bed course shall be compacted in layers not e?ceeding $.. mm to the depths# lines and
levels shown on the Plans

,he prepared bed course material shall receive an application of prime coat in accordance
with the requirements of +tem B.$# (ituminous Prime Coat

,he asphalt mi?ture shall be placed on the previously primed and prepared bed only when# in
the opinion of the 1ngineer# the bed is sufficiently dry and weather conditions are suitable ,he mi?ture
shall be placed in one or more layers of uniform thickness to the total depth shown on the Plans 1ach
layer shall be smoothed by raking or screeding and shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a hand
operated roller of a type satisfactory to the 1ngineer )fter compaction# the surfacing shall be of the
thickness and section shown on the Plans and shall be smooth# even and of a dense uniform te?ture
5orms# if used# shall be removed and the shoulders shaped and compacted to the required section
@086:62 C%5%!t C)!&#%t% S'"%1-.
1?cavation shall be as specified above ,he bed course material shall be placed in
accordance with the +tem -..# )ggregate 'ubbase Course
)ll forms shall be staked securely in position at the correct line and level Preformed "oint
filler shall be set in position shown on the Plans before placing of the concrete is started ,he top of the
"oint filler shall be placed & mm below the top surface of the finished sidewalk
,he mi?ing# placing# finishing and curing of concrete shall be as specified in +tem /.&#
'tructural Concrete ,he Portland Cement concrete shall be placed to the total depth shown on the
plans
,he surface shall be cut through to a depth of $. mm with a trowel at intervals of $ m or#
were required# in straight lines perpendicular to the edge of sidewalk ,he surface shall then be brushed
,he edges of the sidewalk and the transverse cuts shall be shaped with a suitable tool so formed as to
round the edges to a radius of $& mm
@0864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he area to be paid for shall be the number of square meters of sidewalk measured#
completed inCplace and accepted
@086? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity as determined in 'ubsection A.$/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for
all the contract unit price per square meter for 'idewalk which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials for asphalt sidewalk# concrete sidewalk# e?pansion
"oint material# for e?cavating and compacting the foundation bed# for furnishing and placing cinders#
gravel or other permeable bed course material# for prime coat material# for forms# and for all labor#
equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.$ 'idewalk 'quare 7eter
ITEM @02 7 MONUMENTS3 MARKERS AND GUIDE POSTS
@0268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of rightCofCway monuments# maintenance marker posts# kilometer
posts and@or guide posts# furnished and installed in accordance with this 'pecification at the locations#
and in conformity with the si!es# dimensions and design# shown on the Plans# or as required by the
1ngineer
@0262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
Concrete shall be the class designated on the Plans and shall be composed of materials
conforming to the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete

0einforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel
,imber shall be of the species and grade shown on the Plans ,reated timber# if required#
shall conform to the requirements of +tem /$.# ,reated and 2ntreated ,imber
,he metal material shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans# or as stipulated in
the 'pecial Provisions
Paints# if required# shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans# or as stipulated in
the 'pecial Provisions
Warning reflectors# if required# shall conform to the requirements shown on the Plans# or as
stipulated in the 'pecial Provisions
@026: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
Construction or fabrication and installation of monuments and posts shall be as shown on the
Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions and shall include the attaching of warning reflectors and the painting of
posts# if required 1ach monument and post shall be set accurately at the required location and elevation
and in such manner as to insure its being held firmly in place +n constructing precast monuments# the
forms shall not be removed until after the concrete has hardened 7onuments that are warped shall be
re"ected ,he e?posed surface of the finished monuments shall be uniform# of even te?ture# and shall be
free from holes# cracks and chipped edges ,he precast monuments shall not be transported to the work
until the concrete has been cured
@0264 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities to be paid for shall be the actual number of rightCofCway monuments#
maintenance marker posts# kilometer posts and@or guide posts furnished# placed and accepted
@026? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities determined as provided in 'ubsection A.-/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
be paid for at the contract price per unit of measurement respectively# for each of the particular Pay +tem
listed below and as shown in the (id 'chedule# which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work prescribed in this +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement[
A.- ($) 0ightCofCWay monuments 1ach
A.- (-) 7aintenance marker posts 1ach
A.. (B) 8ilometer posts 1ach
A.. (/) 9uide posts 1ach
(When more than one design is specified for any of the pay items# their respective
dimensions# material types or other means of identification shall be inserted in parenthesis immediately
after the name of the pay item# and letter suffi?es shall be included within the parenthesis of the pay item
numbers)
ITEM @0: 7 GUARDRAIL

@0:68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and guardrails of the types called
for in the contract and in accordance with this 'pecification# at the locations# and in conformity with the
lines and grades shown on the Plans# or as required by the 1ngineer
@0:62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7aterials for the desired type of guardrail shall meet the requirements specified in the
following specifications<
$ Wire rope or wire cable ))'H,4 7 B.
- Chain link fabric ))'H,4 7 $J$
B 7etal beam rail ))'H,4 7 $J.
/ ,imber rail# unless otherwise indicated in the Plans or 'pecial Provisions# any of the
following first group Philippine ,imber shall be used< +pil# 7olave# ,indalo or :acal 4nly
one specie of timber shall be used in the construction of any one continuous length of
guardrail
,imber guardrail shall be wellCseasoned# straight and free of in"urious defects ,hey shall be
dressed and of sufficient length so that "oints shall be on the rail posts

9uardrail Hardware 4ffset brackets of the resilient and nonCresilient types shall be of the
type specified# or as shown on the Plans# and shall meet the strength requirements specified
'plices and end connections shall be of the type and design specified or as shown on the
Plans# and shall be of such strength as to develop the full design strength of the rail elements
2nless otherwise specified# all fittings# bolts# washers and other accessories shall be
galvani!ed in accordance with the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $$$ or )',7 ) $&B# whichever may
apply )ll galvani!ing shall be done after fabrication
9uardrail Post Posts shall be of either wood# steel# or concrete# as may be specified 4nly
one kind of post shall be used for any one continuous guardrail
Wood post shall be fabricated from an approved or specified timber specie and shall be of the
quality# diameter or section and length as specified# or as shown on the Plans
'teel post shall be of the section and length as specified# or as shown on the Plans ,hey
shall be of a copper bearing steel when so specified 'teel shall conform to the requirements of
))'H,4 7 $JB for the grade specified ,he posts shall be galvani!ed or shop painted as may be
specified
PreCcast reinforced concrete posts shall be of a section and length as specified or as shown
on the Plans Concrete shall conform with the requirements of +tem /.&# 'tructural Concrete# for class
specified 0einforcement shall conform with the requirements of ))'H,4 7 B$ 9rade A. )ll bars shall
be of the deformed type
Concrete deadmen for end anchorages shall be as specified# or as shown on the Plans
Concrete and reinforcement shall conform to the requirements as stated above the precast reinforced
concrete posts
Paints for steel and wood shall be specified and conform to the requirements specified in
+tem /$$# Paint
@0:6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0:6:68 P)*t*
Posts shall be set vertically in the position shown on the Plans and# where embedded in a
concrete foundation block# shall remain undisturbed for a minimum of /J hours ,he space around the
post shall be backfilled to the ground line with approved material in layers not e?ceeding $.. mm and
each layer shall be moistened and thoroughly compacted
@0:6:62 R'- E-%5%!t*
0ail elements shall be erected in a manner resulting in a smooth continuous installation )ll
bolts# e?cept ad"ustment bolts# shall be drawn tight (olts shall be of sufficient length to e?tend beyond
the nuts at least & mm but not more than $. mm
Where painting of railing components is specified# any damage to the shop coat of paint shall
be corrected by an application of an approved rustCinhibitive primer prior to further painting )ny surface
inaccessible to painting after erection shall be given the specified number of coats of paint uniformly
applied by thorough brushing using an approved pressure spray
9alvani!ed surfaces which have been abraded so that the base material is e?posed#
threaded portions of all fittings and fasteners and cut ends of bolts shall be protected in a manner as may
be specified or directed
,he surfaces and sawed edges of untreated or saltCtreated guardrail shall be painted with
three coats of white paint to within -.. mm of the ground line ,he first -.. mm of posts above the
ground shall be painted with two coats of black paint Painting shall be done only when the timber is dry
and clean 1ach coat of paint shall be thoroughly dry before the ne?t coat is applied Paint shall be
applied in heavy coats# completely covering every part of the surface and shall be worked well into the
"oints and open spaces +t shall be thoroughly and evenly spread that no e?cess paint collects at any
point
9uardrail and posts# after erection has been completed# shall be stained with two applications
of approved creosote stain# covering the rails and the e?posed portions of the posts ,he wood shall be
dry before being stained ,he first coat shall be thoroughly dry before the second is applied 'tain shall
not be applied in damp weather
5or beam type guardrails# metal works not galvani!ed shall be given one shop coat of red
lead# !inc chromate paint or an approved fastCdrying rustCinhibitive primer and two field coats of white or
aluminum paint 2ntreated wood posts shall be given three coats of paints of the color indicated on the
Plans# or as specified Painting shall conform to the requirements of +tem /$$# Paint
@0:64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
9uardrail shall be measured by linear meter from center to center of end posts# e?cept where
end connections are made on masonry or steel structures# in which case measurement will be to the face
of such structures
1nd anchorages and terminal sections will be measured as units of each kind shown in (id
'chedule +f no pay item for anchorages or terminal sections appear in the (id 'chedule# measurement
therefore shall be included in the linear meter measurement for completed guardrail
@0:6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he accepted quantities of guardrail# determined in 'ubsection A.B/# 7ethod of
7easurement# shall be paid for at the contract unit price per linear meter for the type specified# complete
in place# which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials#
including all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem When so specified#
end anchorages and terminal sections will be paid for at the contract unit price for each of the kind
specified and completed in place
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.B ($)
A.B (-)
A.B (Ba)
A.B (Bb)
A./ (/)
9uardrail (Wire rope or Wire cable)
Cable 9uardrail %Chain 3ink 5abric)
7etal 9uardrail (7etal (eam)
+ncluding Post
7etal (eam 1nd Piece
9uardrail (,imber)
3inear 7eter
3inear 7eter
3inear 7eter
1ach
3inear 7eter

ITEM @04 7 FENCING
@0468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and barbed wire or chain link
fences in accordance with the details# and at the locations# shown on the Plans# or as required by the
1ngineer
@0462 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@046268 B#,%" W'#%
(arbed wire shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) $-$# Class + ,he barbed wire
shall consist of - strands of $-& gauge wire# twisted with - points# $/ gauge barbs spaced $.. mm
apart
@046262 C0'! L'!. F%!&% F,#'&
Chain link fence fabric shall be fabricated from $. gauge galvani!ed wire conforming to
))'H,4 7 $J$ and shall be of the type shown on the Plans (efore ordering the chain link fence fabric#
the Contractor shall submit a sample of the material to the 1ngineer for testing and for approval
@04626: C)!&#%t% P)*t
Concrete posts shall be made of Class ) concrete in accordance with +tem /.&# 'tructural
Concrete ,he posts shall be cast to a tapered section B m long# or to the length shown on the detailed
Plans# and shall have a smooth surface finish
@046264 St%%- P)*t
'teel posts shall be of the sections and length as specified or as shown on the Plans ,he
posts shall be copper bearing steel and shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $JB for the
grade specified
@04626? St%%- R%'!()#&%5%!t
'teel reinforcement for concrete posts shall be deformed steel bars conforming to the
provisions of +tem /./# 0einforcing 'teel
@04626@ H#"1#%*
6uts# bolts# washers and other associated hardware shall be galvani!ed after fabrication as
specified as )',7 $&B
@046: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he Contractor shall perform such clearing and grubbing as may be necessary to construct
the fence to the required grade and alignment 5ence shall generally follow the contour of the
ground 9rading shall be performed where necessary to provide a neat appearance
9ates shall be constructed as shown on the Plans
@046:68 E#%&t')! P)*t
,he post shall be erected vertically in position inside the formwork of the foundation block
prior to the placing of concrete and shall be adequately supported by bracing to prevent movement of the
post during the placing and setting of the concrete ,he posts shall be erected to the height and location
shown on the Plans# or as ordered by the 1ngineer
@046:62 I!*t--t')! )( C0'! L'!. F%!&% (,#'&
,he chain link fence fabric shall be set to line and elevation and pulled taut between each
post before spot welding# or other method of fi?ing# is carried out Where splicing of the fence fabric is
necessary# or at "oints# the lapping of the chain link fence fabric shall be for a minimum of $.. mm and
shall occur only at the post 6o hori!ontal splicing will be permitted ,he fence fabric shall be fi?ed to
the posts as shown on the Plans )ny surface protective layer damaged during welding and@or
construction shall be restored properly
@0464 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of linear meter measured center to center of
posts# of fencing erected in place and accepted
@046? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity# as determined in 'ubsection A.//# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for
at the contract price per unit of measurement respectively for each of the particular items listed below
and as shown in the (id 'chedule# which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and
placing all materials and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A./ ($)
A./ (-)
A./ (B)
A./ (/)
5encing ((arbed wire)
5encing (Chain 3ink 5ence
5abric)
5encing (Posts)
5encing (9ates)
3inear 7eter
3inear 7eter
1ach
1ach
ITEM @0? 7 ROAD SIGN
@0?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and installing road signs in accordance with this
'pecification and to the details shown on the Plans# or as required by the 1ngineer
,he road signs shall comply in all respects with the GPhilippine +nternational 0oad 'igns
7anualH published by the Department of Public Works and Highways# 7anila ,he categories of road
signs are designated in the 7anual# namely# danger warning signs# regulatory signs and informative
signs# or guide signs ,hese are referred to in the Contract as warning signs and informatory signs#
respectively
0oad signs shall be classified as standard or nonCstandard 'tandard signs consist of all
warning signs# regulatory signs and informatory signs with the e?ception of direction signs# place
identification signs and the line 6onCstandard signs consist of all informatory signs which are not
classified as standard signs
,he si!e of warning and regulatory signs is the length of the side of triangular signs
(measured from the points of intersection of the e?tension of the edges)# the hori!ontal width of
octagonal signs and the diameter of circular signs
@0?62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0?6268 S'/! P!%-*
'ign panels for warning# regulatory# and informatory signs shall be manufactured from
aluminum sheeting at least B mm thick
@0?6262 R%(-%&t';% S0%%t'!/
,he reflective sheeting used on the road signs shall consist of spherical lens elements
embedded within a transparent plastic having a smooth# flat surface with a protected precoat adhesive
which shall be pressure sensitive for manual application# or tack free heat activated for mechanical
vacuumCheat application
,he minimum reflective brightness values of the reflective sheeting as compared to a
magnesium o?ide (7g4) shall be as given in ,able A.&$ ,he brightness of the reflective sheeting totally
wet by rain# shall be not less than %.K of the given values
,able A.&$ = 0eflective (rightness of ,raffic 'igns 'urfaces
Color )ngle of +ncidence )ngle of
Divergence
7inimum 0eflective
(rightness *alue
Compared with 7g4
0ed C/
.
-.
.
&.
.
.&
.
.&
.
.&
.
$&
$.
B
White C/
.
-.
.
&.
.
.&
.
.&
.
.&
.
E&
E.
E.
:ellow C/
.
-.
.
&.
.
.&
.
.&
.
.&
.
B&
B&
$.
(lue C/
.
-.
.
&.
.
.&
.
.&
.
.&
.
A
/&
.&
,he reflective sheeting shall be sufficiently fle?ible to permit application and adhesion to a
moderately embossed surface +t shall show no damage when bent %.
.
over a &. mm diameter mandrel
,he sheeting shall be solventCresistant so as to be capable of withstanding cleaning with
petrol# diesel fuel# mineral spirits# turpentine methanol
,he sheeting shall show no cracking or reduction in reflectivity after being sub"ected to the
dropping of a -& mm diameter steel ball from a height of - m into its surface
,he adhesive shall permit the reflective sheeting to adhere accurately /J hours after
application of temperatures of up to %.
.

,he reflective material shall be weatherCresistant and# following cleaning in accordance with
manufacturerDs recommendations# shall show no discoloration#
cracking# blistering# peeling or any dimensional change
'amples of reflective sheeting shall be submitted to the 1ngineer for approval

@0?626: P)*t* !" F#5%*
Wide flange posts and frames shall be fabricated from structural steel conforming to )',7 )
-JB 9rade D +n lieu of wide flange steel posts# the Contractor may use tubular steel posts conforming to
)',7 ) &.$ )ll posts shall be thoroughly cleaned# free from grease# scale and rust and shall be given
one coat of rustCinhibiting priming paint and two coats of gray paint in accordance with +tem /$$# Paint
@0?6264 N+t* !" B)-t*
6uts# bolts# washers and other metal parts shall be hotCdip galvani!ed after fabrication in
accordance with the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $$$
@0?626? C)!&#%t% F)+!"t')! B-)&.*
,he concrete for the foundation blocks shall be Class ) in accordance with +tem /.&#
'tructural Concrete and shall be of the si!e shown on the Plans
@0?6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0?6:68 E<&;t')! !" B&.('--'!/
Holes shall be e?cavated to the required depth to the bottom of the concrete foundation as
shown on the Plans
(ackfilling shall be carried out by using suitable material approved by the 1ngineer and shall
be compacted in layers not e?ceeding $&. mm in depth 'urplus e?cavated material shall be disposed
of by the Contractor as directed by the 1ngineer
@0?6:62 E#%&t')! )( P)*t*
,he posts shall be erected vertically in position inside the formwork of the foundation block
prior to the placing of the concrete and shall be adequately supported by bracing to prevent movement of
the post during the placing and setting of concrete ,he posts shall be located at the positions shown on
the Plans
@0?6:6: S'/! P!%- I!*t--t')!
'ign panels shall be installed in accordance with the details shown on the Plans )ny
chipping or bending of the sign panels shall be considered as sufficient cause to require replacement of
the panels at the ContractorDs e?pense
,he e?posed portion of the fastening hardware on the face of the signs shall be painted with
enamels matching the background color
)ll newly erected traffic road signs shall be covered until ordered removed by the 1ngineer
@0?64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities of standard reflective warning and regulatory road signs shall be the number of
such signs of the si!e specified# including the necessary posts and supports erected and accepted
,he quantities for standard reflective informatory signs and nonCstandard reflective
informatory signs shall be the number of such# including the necessary posts and supports# erected and
accepted
@0?6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as determined in 'ubsection A.&/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
be paid for at the contract unit price for the Pay +tems shown in the (id 'chedule which price and
payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and installing road signs# for e?cavation# backfilling and
construction of foundation blocks# and all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete
the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.& ($)
A.& (-)
A.& (B)
Warning 'igns
0egulatory 'igns
+nformatory 'igns
1ach
1ach
1ach
ITEM @0@ 7 PAVEMENT MARKINGS
@0@68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his item shall consist of placing markings on the finished pavement ,he work shall include
the furnishing of premi?ed reflectori!ed traffic paint or reflectori!ed pavement marking paint conforming
to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/J# whichever is called for in the Contract# sampling and packing#
preparing the surface# and applying the paint to the pavement surface# all in accordance with this
'pecification
,he paint shall be applied to the si!e# shape and location of the markings shown on the
Plans# or as required by the 1ngineer
@0@62 P#%5'<%" R%(-%&t)#'>%" T#(('& P'!t*
Premi?ed reflectori!ed traffic paint is a paint in which the glass beads are mi?ed in the paint
during the process of manufacture# so that upon application and drying# the paint line is capable of
retroreflection of the light beams
Premi?ed reflectori!ed traffic paints which are available in both white and yellow are paints
that provide reflective marking for concrete# bituminous# bricks or stone surface of highways# bridges#
tunnels# streets# parking lots and airports
@0@6268 C-**'('&t')!
Premi?ed reflectori!ed traffic paint shall be classified according to the following types based
on the vehicles used<
,ype + = )lkyd
,ype ++ = Chlorinated 0ubber )lkyd
@0@6262 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he paint shall consist of pigments# vehicles and glass beads so combined as to produce a
paint that will conform to the following requirements
a Condition in container = ,he packaged material shall be free from lumps and mi?ed readily to
a smooth homogenous state
b 'kinning = ,he packaged material shall not skin within /J hours in a N filled# tightly closed
container
c )ppearance of Dried 5ilm = ,he paint film shall dry to a smooth uniform finish
d 5le?ibility = ,he dried paint film shall not show cracking or flaking after being bent about $J.
degrees over a $-E mm mandrel
e 0esistance to Water = ,he dried paint film shall not show blistering# peeling# wrinkling and
discoloration when immersed in water for $J hours
f ,he paint shall also conform to the physical properties specified in ,able $
,able $ = Physical Properties
Properties
,ype + and ,ype ++
7inimum 7a?imum
'pecific 9ravity $& C
Drying ,ime# 6o Pick 2p#
7inutes C /.
Consistency (8reb 2nits) at -. C A& %&
g Premi?ed reflectori!ed traffic paint composition shall conform to the requirements given in
,able -
,able - = Composition 0equirements
Paint Composition
0equirements
,ype + ,ype ++
7inimum 7a?imum 7inimum 7a?imum
,otal Dry 'olids# percent
(y weight A. C A. C
,itanium Dio?ide# 0utile
Percent by weight $A. C $A. C
7edium Chrome :ellow#
Percent by weight $-. C $-. C
1?tenders# percent by wt#
White
:ellow C
$B.
$E.
C
C
$B.
$E.
6onCvolatile Content
(based on the vehicle)
percent by weight /. C /$ C
9lass (eads# percent by
Weight B$. B&. B$. B&.
h 9lass 'pheres or (eads 0equirements<
Fuantity< ,he amount of glass beads to be mi?ed with the paint shall be &..
grams per liter of paint

(eads Diameter< ,he percentage of beads that will pass through the 2'
'tandard 'ieves shall be as follows<
'ieve 6o (um) 7ass Percent Passing
E. (-$- = um) = .J&. $..
J. ($JA = um) = .A.. J&C$..
$/. ($.A = um) = .B.. $&C&&
-B. ( AB = um) = .$&. .C$.
+nde? of 0efraction< ,he inde? of refraction of the beads shall be
within the range of $&. to $A. when tested
by the liquid immersion method at -%
o
C
)ppearance< ,he glass beads shall be transparent# colorless and
the sum of particles that are fused# plane# angular
and colored and contains bubble shall not e?ceed
-. percent
@0@626: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he painting of lane markers and traffic strips shall include the cleaning of the pavement
surfaces# the application# protection and drying of the paint coatings# the protection of pedestrians#
vehicular or other traffic# the protection of all parts of the road structure and its appurtenances against
disfigurement by spatters# splashes or smirches of paints or of paint materials# and the supplying of all
tools# labor and traffic paint necessary for the entire work
,he paint shall not be applied during rain or wet weather or when the air is misty# or when in
the opinion of the 1ngineer# conditions are unfavorable for the work Paint shall not be applied upon
damp pavement surfaces# or upon pavement which has absorbed heat sufficient to cause the paint to
blister and produce a porous film of paint
,he application of paint shall preferably be carried out by a machine specially made for this
purpose but where brushes are used# only round or oval brushes not e?ceeding $.. mm in width will be
permitted ,he paint shall be so applied as to produce a uniform# even coating in close contact with the
surface being painted
,raffic paint shall be applied to the pavement at the rate of .BB 3 @m
-
and shall dry sufficiently
to be free from cracking in from $& to B. minutes

)ll markings shall present a clean cut# uniform and workmanlike appearance 7arkings that
fail to have a uniform# satisfactory appearance either by day or night# shall be corrected by the Contractor
in a manner acceptable to the 1ngineer and at no cost to the 9overnment
@0@6264 S5$-'!/
,he paint shall be sampled in accordance with P6' /J/@+'4 $&$- or other Philippine
'tandard 7ethod of 'ampling Paints and *arnishes
@0@626? T%*t M%t0)"*
,he paints shall be tested in accordance with the methods specified in P6' /A$ or other
Philippine 'tandard 7ethod of ,ests for Paints and *arnishes
@0@626@ P&.'!/3 P&./'!/ !" M#.'!/
,he paints shall be packed# packaged and marked in accordance with P6' $/.
@0@6: M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of pavement markings to be paid for shall either be the length as shown on the
Plans of painted traffic line of the stated width or the area as shown on the plans of symbols# lettering#
hatchings# and the like# completed and accepted 'eparate items shall be provided for premi?ed
reflectori!ed traffic paint and reflectori!ed thermoplastic pavement markings
@0@64 B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as determined in 'ection A.A/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be
paid for at the appropriate contract unit price for the Pay +tems shown in the (id 'chedule which price
and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# sampling and
packing# for the preparation of the surface# and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary
to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.A ($)
A.A (-)
Pavement markings
(Premi?ed 0eflectori!ed)
Pavement markings
(0eflectori!ed ,hermoplastic)
'quare 7eter
'quare 7eter
ITEM @0A 7 REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT STUDS
@0A68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and installing reflective pavement studs on the surface of
the pavement in accordance with this 'pecification and at the locations shown on the Plans# or as
required by the 1ngineer
@0A62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0A6268 R%(-%&t';% St+"*
0eflective studs shall be either the G5lush 'urfaceH or G0aised ProfileH type having the
following characteristics
,he G5lush 'urfaceH reflector shall be the short base type having a ma?imum base area of
$J. mm ? $/. mm ,he base shall be formed in castCiron with adequate webbing to insure a firm key to
the road when installed ,he pad shall be highly resilient and durable rubber reinforced with canvass
and shall have a design life of at least & years ,he pad shall be so designed as to produce a selfCwiping
action of the reflectors when depressed ,he reflectors shall be made of impact and abrasionCresisting
glass and shall be hermetically sealed into a copper socket
,he G0aised ProfileH reflectors shall consist of an acrylic plastic shell filled with an adherent
epo?y compound molded from methyl methacyclate into the shape of a shallow frustrum of a pyramid
with base dimensions appro?imately $.. mm ? $.. mm and thickness of not more than -. mm ,he
shell shall contain two prismatic reflectors each inclined at an angle of B.
o
to the hori!ontal and having
an area not less than -. cm
-
,he reflectors shall attain the following standards for their photometric and
physical properties<
a) ,he reflectors shall have the minimum specific intensity values e?pressed as
candle power per footCcandle of illumination at the reflector on a plane
perpendicular to the incident light shown in ,able A.E$
,able A.E$ = 0aised Profile Pavement 'tuds<
Photometric Properties
'pecific +ntensity *alues
Color Crystal :ellow 0ed
Divergence )ngle .-
o
.-
o
-
o
+ncidence )ngle
.
o

-.
o
B..
$-.
$J.
.E-
.E&
.B.
1ach reflector for testing shall be located with the center of the reflecting face at a diameter of
$& m from a uniformly bright light source having an effective diameter of & mm ,he width of the
photocell shall be $- mm and shall be shielded from stray light ,he distance from the centers of the
light source and photocell shall be & mm 5ailure of more than /K of the reflective faces shall be a
cause for re"ection of the complete batch
,he reflectors shall support a vertical load or kgf($.k6) when tested in the following manner
) reflector shall be centered hori!ontally over the open end of a vertically positioned hollow metal
cylinders# E& mm internal diameter# -& mm high and wall thickness of A mm ,he load shall be applied to
the top of the reflector through a A mm diameter by a A mm high metal plug centered on top of the
reflector 5ailure shall constitute either breakage or significant deformation of the marker at any load less
than $... kgf
@0A6262 A"0%*';%
When G0aised ProfileH type reflectors are specified# an approved twoCpart epo?y adhesive
shall be used
@0A626: C%5%!t M)#t#
Cement mortar shall consist of $ part of Portland Cement to - parts of fine aggregate with
water added as necessary to obtain the required consistency
@0A6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0A6:68 F-+*0 S+#(&% T2$%
,he stud shall be installed into the pavement in accordance with the manufacturerDs
instructions but shall also comply with the following requirements
Cavities in the pavement shall be clearly cut to the dimensions of the pavement stud and
shall allow a clearance of $. mm around the stud base ,he longitudinal centerline a?is of the cavity
shall be the same as that required for the pavement stud when laid to the correct line and direction
,he walls of the cavity shall be splayed back at the angle of appro?imately B.
o
to the vertical
to facilitate a GdoveCtailH "oint after the mortar has set
,he bottom of the cavity shall be levelled with asphalt concrete prior to placing the stud base
which shall be pounded into position with a pounder foot attached to the pneumatic drill
,he depth of the activity shall be such that when the stud base and reflectors have been
installed the elevation of the floor of the lens socket shall not be greater than -. mm or less than $. mm
above the pavement surface
When the studs are installed into a cement concrete pavement# the stud shall be grouted into
position with asphalt concrete containing fine aggregate only or with a cement mortar as described in
'ubsection A.E-B above
@0A6:62 R'*%" P#)('-% T2$%
,he pavement studs shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturerDs instructions
@0A64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of reflectori!ed pavement studs to be paid for shall be the number of
reflectori!ed pavement studs of either the flush surface type or the raised profile type# whichever is called
for in the Contract# installed complete and accepted
@0A6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as described in 'ubsection A.E/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
be paid for at the contract unit price of the Pay +tems shown in the (id 'chedule# which payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# e?cavating cavities# preparation of
surfaces# applying adhesive and mortar and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to
complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.E ($)
A.E (-)
0eflectori!ed Pavement 'tud
(5lush ,ype)
0eflectori!ed Pavement 'tuds
(0aised Profile ,ype)
1ach
1ach
ITEM @0B 7 TOPSOIL
@0B68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of topsoil furnished# transported and spread# or topsoil removed from
designated areas# hauled and spread# in accordance with this 'pecification at the location shown on the
Plans or as required by the 1ngineer
@0B62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,opsoil furnished shall consist of fertile friable soil of loamy character without admi?ture of
undesirable subsoil# refuse or foreign materials +t shall be obtained from wellCdrained arable land and
shall be reasonably free from roots# hard clay# coarse gravel# stones larger than &. mm in si!e# coarse
sand# no?ious seeds# sticks# brush# litter and other deleterious substances ,opsoil shall be capable of
sustaining healthy plant life and shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
,opsoil shall contain not less than five (&) percent organic matter as determined by loss or
ignition of samples ovenCdried to constant weight
@0B6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0B6:68 S)+#&%* )( Mt%#'-
,opsoil shall be obtained as specified in +tem $.-# 1?cavation# or from other approved
sources ,he Contractor shall notify the 1ngineer at least five days before he intends to start topsoil
stripping operations )fter inspection and approval by the 1ngineer and prior to stripping any topsoil# the
Contractor shall remove no?ious weeds and tall grass# brush roots and stones larger than &. mm in
diameter
@0B6:62 P-&'!/
,he topsoil shall be evenly spread on the areas and to the line and level shown on the Plans
and compacted with a light roller to a depth of not less than $.. mm 'preading shall not be done when
the ground topsoil is e?cessively wet# or otherwise in a condition detrimental to such work ,he roadway
surfaces shall be kept clean during hauling and spreading operations
)fter spreading has been completed# large clods# stones# roots# stumps and other looseClying
materials shall be raked up and removed )ny erosion# irregularities of grade or other incidental damage
to the surface of the topsoil shall be repaired and@or restored to the 1ngineerDs satisfaction
@0B64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantities to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of ,opsoil removed#
furnished and hauled complete in place and accepted
@0B6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities# as determined in 'ubsection A.J/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for
at the contract unit price respectively# for each of the particular Pay +tems listed below that is shown on
the (id 'chedule# which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all
materials and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.J($) 5urnishing and Placing ,opsoil Cubic 7eter
A.J(-) Placing ,opsoil Cubic 7eter
ITEM @0C D SPRIGGING
@0C68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of planting sprigs of living grass plants in accordance with this
'pecification at locations shown on the Plans or as required by the 1ngineer
@0C62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0C6268 S$#'/*
'prigs shall be healthy living stems (stolons or rhi!omes) with attached roots or perennial
turfCforming grasses of the kinds shown on the Plans# harvested without adhering soil and obtained from
approved sources in the locality of the work where the sod is heavy and thickly matted ,he presence of
ob"ectionable grasses# weeds or other detrimental material will be a cause for re"ection
@0C6262 F%#t'-'>%#*
5ertili!ers shall be standard commercial fertili!ers supplied separately or in mi?ture
containing the percentages of total nitrogen# available phosphoric acid and waterCsoluble potash ,hey
shall be furnished in standard containers with name# weight and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly
marked ,he fertili!ers may be supplied in the following form<
$ ) dry# freeCflowing fertili!er soluble in water# suitable for application by a common
fertili!er spreader
- ) finely ground fertili!er# soluble in water suitable for application by power sprayer
B ) granular or pellet form suitable for application by blower equipment
@0C626: G#)+!" L'5%*t)!%
9round limestone shall contain not less than J& percent of calcium and magnesium
carbonates and shall be of such fineness that $.. percent shall pass through a -.. mm sieve and not
less than B& percent through a .$&. mm sieve 9ranulated slag may be substituted in lieu of ground
limestone sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer of an ad"usted application rate that will provide the
equivalent total neutrali!ing power of the specified limestone
@0C6264 T)$*)'-
,opsoil shall perform to the requirements of +tem A.J# ,opsoil
@0C626? M+-&0 Mt%#'-
7ulch material shall be hay# straw or other local nonCto?ic material
@0C6: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@0C6:68 H#;%*t'!/ S$#'/*
,he Contractor shall notify the 1ngineer at least & days before sprigs are to be harvested and
the source shall be approved by the 1ngineer before harvesting begins
,o begin harvesting# grass and woods shall be mowed to a height of &. to E& mm and all
clippings removed 'prigs shall then be loosened by crossCdisking# shallow plowing or other acceptable
methods )fter loosening the sprigs from the soil# they shall be gathered in small piles or windrows#
watered and kept moist until planted
6ot more than -/ hours shall elapse between harvesting and planting sprigs# e?cept that
when weather or other uncontrollable condition interrupts the work# a time e?tension may be granted#
provided the sprigs are still moist and viable 'prigs that have heated in stockpiles# permitted to dry out
or otherwise seriously damaged during harvesting or delivery shall be re"ected and be disposed off as
directed
@0C6:62 A";!&% P#%$#t')! !" C-%!+$
)fter grading of areas has been completed and before applying fertili!er and ground
limestone# areas to be sprigged shall be raked or otherwise cleared of stone larger than &. mm in
diameter# sticks# stumps and other debris which might interfere with sprigging# growth of grasses or
subsequent maintenance of grassCcovered areas +f any damage by erosion or other causes has
occurred after grading of areas and before beginning the application of fertili!er and ground limestone#
the Contractor shall repair such damage ,his may include filling gullies# smoothing irregularities and
repairing other incidental damage
@0C6:6: T)$*)'-'!/
+f topsoiling is shown on the Plans# it shall be done in accordance with the requirements of
+tem A.J# ,opsoil
@0C6:64 A$$-2'!/ F%#t'-'>%# !" G#)+!" L'5%*t)!%
5ollowing advance preparation and cleanup# fertili!er shall be uniformly spread at the rate
indicated on the Plans +f use of ground limestone is required# it shall be spread at the rate shown on
the Plans ,hese materials shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of not less than &. mm by
disking# raking or other methods acceptable to the 1ngineer 'tones larger than &. mm in diameter#
large clods# roots and other litter brought to the surface by this operation shall be removed
4n steep slopes where fertili!er and ground limestone cannot be incorporated effectively by
mechanical equipment# they may be applied with power sprayers# blower equipment or other approved
method and need not be incorporated into the soil
@0C6:6? P-!t'!/ S$#'/*
'prigging shall not be done during windy weather or when the ground is dry# e?cessively wet
or otherwise untillable 'prigs shall be planted in e?isting ground or in formed embankments or on
topsoil as shown on the Plans +f the soil is not moist when the sprigs are being set# water shall be
applied until the soil is moist and in a workable condition 4ne or more of the following methods shall be
used# whichever is directed by the 1ngineer<
$ (roadcast 'prigging = 'prigs shall be broadcast by hand or by suitable equipment
in a uniform layer over the prepared surface with spacing between sprigs not to
e?ceed $&. mm ,he sprigs shall then be forced into the soil to a depth of &. mm
to $.. mm with a straight spade or similar tool# or with a disk harrow or other
equipment set to cover the sprigs to the required depth
- 0ow 'prigging = 5urrows shall be opened along the appro?imate contour of slopes
at the spacing and depth indicated on the Plans 'prigs shall be placed without
delay in continuous row in the open furrow with successive sprigs touching and
shall be covered immediately
B 'pot 'prigging = 'pot sprigging shall be performed as specified under row
sprigging# e?cept that# instead of planting in continuous rows# groups of four sprigs
or more shall be spaced /&. mm apart in the rows
@0C6:6@ M+-&0'!/ !" C)5$&t'!/
)fter planting or sprigs has been completed and prior to compacting# the surface shall be
cleared of stones larger than &. mm in diameter# large clods# roots and other litter brought to the surface
during sprigging
+f mulching of sprigged areas is shown on the Plans# the sprigged area shall be covered with
mulch in accordance with the requirements of 'ubsection A.%-&# 7ulch 7aterial# within -/ hours from
the time sprigging has been completed# weather and soil conditions permitting
+f mulching is not shown on the Plans# the sprigged area shall be compacted within -/ hours
from the time sprigging has been completed# weather and soil conditions permitting# by cultipackers#
rollers or other satisfactory equipment operated at right angles to the slopes Compaction shall not be
done when the soil is in such condition that it is picked up by the equipment# nor shall clay soils be
compacted if so directed by the 1ngineer
@0C6:6A M'!t%!!&% )( S$#'//%" A#%*
,he Contractor shall protect sprigged areas against traffic by warning signs or barricades
approved by the 1ngineer 'urfaces gullied or otherwise damaged following sprigging shall be repaired
by regrading and resprigging as directed ,he Contractor shall mow# water as directed and otherwise
maintain sprigged areas in a satisfactory condition until final inspection and acceptance of the work
@0C64 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of sprigging to be paid for shall be the number of units of $.. square meters#
measured on the ground surface# completed and accepted
@0C6? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity# determined as provided in 'ubsection A.%/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be
paid for the Pay +tem listed below# which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and
placing all materials# for any required mulching of sprigged areas and for all labor# equipment# tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this 'ection e?cept topsoiling which shall be
paid for as provided in +tem A.J# ,opsoil
Pay +tem will be made under<
Pay item 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A.% 'prigging $.. 'quare 7eter
ITEM @80 7 SODDING
@8068 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and laying of live sod on the shoulders# slopes# ditches#
or other locations as designated# construction of sod ditch checks or similar appurtenances# as shown on
the Plans or as ordered and laid out in the field by the 1ngineer# all in accordance with this 'pecification
@8062 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he sod shall consist of healthy# dense# wellCrooted growth of permanent and desirable
grasses indigenous to the general locality where it is to be used and shall be free from weeds or
undesirable grasses )t the time the sod is cut# the grass on the sod shall have a length of
appro?imately &. mm (if longer# the grass shall be cut to appro?imately this length) and the sod shall
have been raked free from debris
,he sod shall be cut into uniform squares appro?imately B.. mm ? B.. mm# but not larger
than is convenient for handling and transporting
,he thickness of the sod shall be uniform as possible appro?imately /. mm or more
depending on the nature of the sod# so that practically all of the dense root system of the grasses will be
retained# but e?posed# in the sod strip and that the sod can be handled without undue tearing or
breaking
+n the event the sod to be cut is in a dry condition as to cause scrumbling or breaking during
cutting operations# the Contractor# at his own e?pense# shall apply water in sufficient quantities at least
$- hours before cutting to provide a wellCmoistened condition of the sod to the depth to which it is to be
cut 'ods shall be sub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer
@806: C)!*t#+&t')! R%9+'#%5%!t*
@806:68 P#%$#t')! )( t0% E#t0 B%"
,he area to be sodded shall be constructed to the required crossCsection and contour# and
the tops and bottoms of the slopes shall be rounded as shown in the typical roadway sections
,he areas to be sodded shall be free from stones# roots or other undesirable foreign
materials
,he soil on the area to be sodded shall be loosened and brought to a reasonably fine te?ture
to a depth of not less than B. mm by means of equipment on hand methods adapted for the purpose
@806:62 P-&'!/ t0% S)"

,he earth bed upon which the sod is to be placed shall be moistened to the loosened depth#
if not naturally sufficiently moist# and the sod shall be placed thereon within -/ hours after the same has
been cut
2nless otherwise required# the sod on slopes shall be laid on hori!ontal strips beginning at
the bottom of the slope and working upwards When placing sod in ditches# or in the construction of sod
ditch checks or similar appurtenances# the length of the strips shall be laid at right angles to the direction
of the flow of the water
'od shall be laid so that the "oints caused by abutting ends of sod strip are not continuous
1ach sod strip shall be so laid as to abut snugly against the strip previously laid
)s the sod is being laid it shall be lightly tamped with suitable wooden or metal tampers
sufficiently to set or press the sod into the underlying soil
)t points where it is anticipated that water may flow over a sodded area# the upper edges of
the sod strips shall be turned into the soil to be below the ad"acent area and a layer of earth place over
this "uncture and thoroughly compacted )t the limits of sodded areas# the end strips shall be turned in
and treated similarly
@806:6: St.'!/ t0% S)"
4n all slopes steeper than one vertical to four hori!ontal# sod shall be pegged with stakes
-..CB.. mm in length# spaced as required by the nature of the soil and steepness of slope 'takes shall
be driven into the sod at right angles to the slope until flush with the bottom of the grass blades
@806:64 T)$ D#%**'!/
)fter staking has been completed# the surface shall be cleared of loose sod# e?cess soil or
other foreign material# whereupon a thin layer of topsoil shall be scattered over the sod as a top dressing
and the areas shall then be thoroughly moistened by sprinkling with water
@806:6? Wt%#'!/
,he Contractor shall regularly water and maintain sodded areas in a satisfactory condition
for the duration of the Contract and until final acceptance of the work by the 1ngineer
@8064 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
'odding shall be measured by the square meter and the quantity to be measured for
payment shall be the actual number of square meters of area on which sod has been placed in
accordance with this 'pecification and within the limits of construction as designated on the Plans or as
ordered by the 1ngineer
@806? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantity as determined in 'ubsection A$./# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for at
Contract unit price per square meter for 'odding which price and payment shall be full compensation for
preparing the earth bed# for furnishing# placing# staking# top dressing and watering the sod# and for all
labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A$. 'odding 'quare 7eter
ITEM @88 7 TREE PLANTING
@8868 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem shall consist of furnishing and planting deciduous shade# flowering trees and
evergreen trees less than $&. mm in diameter on the areas and in the arrangements indicated on the
Plans or as indicated by the 1ngineer# including the digging and preparation of pocket holes# furnishing
and placing the necessary topsoil# mulch# water# fertili!er and other incidentals necessary to complete the
+tem
@8862 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@886268 T)$*)'-
,opsoil shall conform to the requirements of +tem A.J# ,opsoil
@886262 M+-&0'!/
7ulching material shall consist of approved wood chips# ground or crushed corn cobs# wood
shavings# sawdust or peat moss Wood chips shall be combination of wood slivers with ground wood or
sawdust
(racing stakes for plants shall be &. mm ? &. mm of rough wood free from unsound loose
knots# rot# cross grain and sapwood or other defects that may impair its strength
)nchor stakes shall be of the same quality as bracing stakes and of the si!e specified under
operations calling for their use
Wrapping material for trees shall be waterproof paper or burlap
,he tying material to be used in wrapping trees shall be "ute twine or similar material not less
than -Cply for trees E& mm or less in diameter and BCply for trees over E& mm in diameter
,he wire to be used in bracing trees E& mm or less in diameter shall be B mm (6o $$)
galvani!ed steel wire and for trees over E& mm in diameter# /. mm (6o %) galvani!ed steel wire shall be
used )ll wires shall be new and free from bends or kinks
@88626: T#%%*
)ll trees furnished under this +tem shall be $&. mm or less in diameter and shall be true to
name and type and shall follow standard names of trees in accordance with the (ureau of 5orestry
'tandards as adopted by the Department of Public Works and Highways
When specified in the Provisions# certain varieties of plants will be furnished by the government
,he Contractor shall submit complete and detailed information concerning the sources of
supply for each item of plant materials before planting operations
)ll e?isting laws and regulations requiring inspection for plant diseases and infections shall
be complied with and each delivery shall be accompanied by necessary certificates of clearance to be
presented to the 1ngineer
Plants furnished by the Contractor shall be healthy# shapely and wellCrooted and roots shall
show no evidence of having been restricted or deformed at any time Plants shall be wellCgrown and free
from insect pest and disease
0oot condition of plants furnished by the Contractor in containers will be determined by the
removal of earth from the roots of not less than two plants nor more than two (-) percent of total number
of plants of each specie or variety e?cept when containerCgrown plants are from several sources# the
roots of not less than two plants of each specie or variety from each source will be inspected by the
1ngineer +n case the sample plants inspected are found to be defective# the 9overnment reserves the
right to re"ect the entire lot or lots of plants represented by the defective samples )ny plant rendered
unsuitable for planting because of this inspection will be considered as samples and will not be paid for
@886: C)!*t#+&t')! M%t0)"*
@886:68 B--'!/ )( P-!t* !" T#%%*
(alling is employed in plants and trees to be transplanted or transferred ,o ball out the
trees# the depth to which the root system reaches is first determined Digging around the tree is then
done# being careful not to cut many roots Watering the soil before balling is prohibited ,he surface of
the earth is kept as smooth as possible )fter the tree is dug out# the roots and earth is wrapped
immediately with the sacking material ,he tree could now be tipped over and rolled to a new location
,hese plants shall be hauled by the ball only and not by the plant itself ,he slightest indication of
manufactured earth balls or hauling of the plants itself will be a cause for re"ection of such plants
@886:62 D'//'!/ P-!t*
)ll plants# nurseryCgrown or collected# shall be dug with care and skill immediately before
shipping and avoiding all possible in"ury to the plants# loss or damage of the roots# particular attention
being given to fibrous roots in this respect )fter the plants are dug# their roots shall not be permitted to
dry out ,hey shall not be e?posed to hot temperatures )ll plants shall be dug in dormant state and
shall be so held until planted
@886:6: T%5$)##2 St)#/% !" P-!t S$#2
)fter delivery and inspection# the plants shall be sprayed with an approved antiCdesiccant
prior to planting# heelingCin or storing# e?cept in the case of collected stock which shall not be heeledCin
or stored# but shall be sprayed with antiCdesiccant immediately and planted within BA hours after digging
,he spray shall cover both upper and lower surfaces of the branches and foilage to the point
of runCoff 'pray no!!les shall be the type to produce a fine mist
'praying shall be included for payment in the pertinent planting item 5ollowing spray
treatment with antiCdesiccant# all plants which cannot be planted promptly shall be heeledCin in a trench#
spread and the roots covered with moist soil +f plants are not to be stored for a period longer than $.
days# they may be placed in an approved wellCventilated# cool and moist storage shed and the roots
completely covered with moist straw )ll plants heeledCin or stored shall be properly maintained by the
Contractor until planted +n the event heeledCin plant material must be held over for a longer period# such
heeledCin material shall be lifted and replanted in a satisfactory manner in nursery rows
,he ball of soil and roots of balled and burlapped plants# if not immediately planted after
delivery and inspection# shall be adequately protected by topsoil covering until removed for planting in a
manner appropriate to the conditions and satisfactory to the 1ngineer
'uch emergency storage of plant shall be at the entire risk of the Contractor# including
maintenance of same
@886:64 L2)+t )( P-!t'!/
(efore digging pocket holes or beds# the Contractor shall lay out# by suitable staking# the
location of all pocket holes and beds ,he layout of planting shall be approved by the 1ngineer
@886:6? R))t* !" T)$ P#+!'!/
,he ends of all broken and damaged roots# A mm diameter or larger# shall be pruned with a
clean cut removing no more than the in"ured portion )ll plants shall be pruned to balance the top with
the root system keeping the natural shape of the species )ll dead woods shall be removed )ll cuts
and wounds# $- mm or over in diameter# shall be painted with tree wound dressing immediately after the
pruning
@886:6@ P)&.%t H)-%*
Pocket holes shall be dug at the locations shown on the Plans or as directed by 1ngineer
,he holes shall be dug to the depth and crossCsection specified and should be of sufficient si!e to
provide for not less than $&. mm of top soil backfill beneath and around the root system ,he holes shall
be dug with the sides vertical 'urplus e?cavation from the bed and pocket holes shall be disposed off
as directed by the 1ngineer
@886:6A B&.('--
,he pocket holes shall be backfilled with topsoil as each plant is set ,he topsoil shall be
wellCtamped by the workerDs feet# rods or other approved tamping devices as it is shovelled into the
holes ,he backfill in holes on slopes shall be builtCup on the lower side to catch and hold water During
planting the topsoil surrounding the plant be slightly depressed to hold water
@886:6B P-!t'!/
,he plants to be planted shall be the specie# variety and si!e specified ,he operation of the
actual planting shall not be performed at any time when the soil is not in a friable or workable condition
,he 1ngineer shall also approve the location of each individual plant taking into consideration its si!e
and shape# in order that the best possible arrangement will result
4ne plant shall be planted in the center of each pocket hole and in the arrangement shown
on the Plans ,he plants shall be set on tamped topsoil backfill brought to the height necessary to plant
them at the same depth they grew# carefully spreading out the roots of barefoot stock in their natural
position 2pright plants shall be kept in a vertical position )fter placing the plant in the hole# the backfill
shall be carefully made# tamping with the workerDs feet and with roundCend rods or other approved
tamping devices to insure topsoil in and about all the roots ,he topsoil shall be settled in and about the
plant roots by application of water but at no time shall tamping or further topsoil backfill be made while
this wet topsoil backfill is of a consistency that would permit its being compacted or puddled by so doing
)ll compaction shall be such that no plant will settle lower than the depth above specified 6o air pocket
shall be left around the root of any plants
)fter filling halfway on the earth ball# the burlap shall be loosened and the top half cut off and
removed after which the balance of the pocket hole shall be backfilled and tamped
)fter planting and prior to mulching# fertili!ers shall be applied evenly over the top of the
backfilled area Care shall be used so that the fertili!er does not get into contact with the stem# trunk#
branches or leaves of the plants
@886:6B68 T#%% P-!t'!/ -)!/ Nt')!- R)"
,he trees to be used for this purpose shall be the varieties the root systems of which grow
downward rather than sideward to avoid situations where the roots spread sideward and consequently
destroy the road and sidewalk slabs
,rees shall be planted in a neat row# within the road rightCofCway (04W) and as close as
possible to the 04W limit# with sufficient allowance so that the trees when fully grown will not encroach
on the ad"oining property or touch electric and other overhead utility lines ,he centerCtoCcenter spacing
between trees shall be $.C-. metres (m) 5or road sections with a generally northCsouth alignment# the
trees on one side of the road shall be staggered visC\Cvis the trees on the other side of the road ,his
arrangement will help to ensure that enough sunlight will fall on the road and thus help to keep the road
dry even during the rainy season
5or roads without curbs# the trees shall be planted with a minimum clear distance of .A. m
beyond the edge of the shoulder# but in no case less than B. m from the edge of the pavement 5or
roads with curbs# particularly in urban areas# the trees shall be planted with a minimum setback of $.. m
beyond the face of the curb
Where there are longitudinal drainage canals# the trees shall be planted on the outer side of
such canals 4n the roadway curves and intersections# the pertinent design standards on sight distance
shall be observed
6onCtraversable ha!ards (ravine# waiting shed# etc) along the line of trees shall be provided
with appropriate barriers# eg# guardrails# and clearly marked# so that these do not pose ha!ards to
motorists
,he Contractor concerned shall undertake and be responsible for the maintenance of the
planted trees during the contract warranty period of the road pro"ect covered by his contract ,he
contractorDs maintenance work shall comply with the provision of subsection A$$B$. (Watching and
7aintenance) ,he maintenance of trees shall be faithfully undertaken as an integral part of the regular
road maintenance program and shall be included in the reports therefore as a regular work item under
)ctivity 6o -.% of the Highway 7aintenance )ctivity 'tandards
,he tree planting shall be undertaken not only along national roads programmed for
construction or improvement# but also along e?isting national roads especially those outside developed
urban areas where there are no trees or only a few trees have been planted 5or such e?isting roads#
the required tree planting shall be undertaken by the District 1ngineering 4ffice concerned ,he tree
planting shall be undertaken in both contractual pro"ects and pro"ects by administration

@886:6C M+-&0'!/
Within -/ hours after planting# mulching material shall be spread to cover the plant hole and
the area $&. mm outside the periphery of the plant hole ,he depth and application for wood chips shall
be a minimum of $&. mm 5or ground or crushed corn cobs# sawdust or peat moss the minimum depth
shall be $.. mm
@886:680 Wt%#'!/ !" M'!t%!!&%
)ll plants shall be watered during the planting operations# sub"ect to direction and approval of
the 1ngineer 5rom time to time during the life of the Contract# sufficient water shall be applied so that
not only will the topsoil backfill about each plant be kept moist# but also for moisture to e?tend into the
surrounding soil
,he Contractor shall# during the life of the Contract# properly care for all plants furnished#
planted or stored# performing such watering# weeding# cultivating or other ordinary maintenance work as
shall be necessary to keep the stock in a live and healthy condition Plants which have died back into
the crown or beyond a normal pruning line shall be replaced by the Contract at no additional e?pense to
the 9overnment
@886:688 B#&'!/
)ll deciduous and evergreen trees shall be braced immediately after planting Deciduous
trees from $-. m to $J. m in height shall have one vertical support stake Deciduous trees from $J. m
to -&. m in height shall have two vertical support stakes
(alled and burlapped deciduous or evergreen trees within the above si!e ranges shall be
supported with the number of stakes specified for the group but instead of being placed vertically# shall
be driven so that the stake does not enter or contact the earth ball around the plant roots ,he stake or
stakes shall be so placed that after being driven in place# the upper foot of the stake is within
appro?imately $.. mm of the trunk at oneChalf of the height of the tree +f two are required# they shall be
driven on opposite sides of the tree with the stake tops on opposite sides for fastening
)ll trees# deciduous or evergreen over two and oneChalf meters shall be braced by the tripod
method as directed by the 1ngineer
@886:682 D%" T#%%*
(efore completion and final acceptance of the pro"ect# all trees not healthy or that have died
back into the crown or beyond the normal pruning line shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own
e?pense with trees of the specified species or variety# si!e and quality and meeting the 'pecification
@8864 M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity to be paid for shall be the number of trees of each specie or variety called for in
the Plans furnished# planted and accepted with the necessary mulch# topsoil# water# fertili!er and other
incidentals to complete the +tem
@886? B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities as determined in 'ubsection A$$/# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall be paid for
at the contract unit price each of the trees of each specie or variety furnished# planted and accepted
which price and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all labor# tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6o Description 2nit of 7easurement
A$$ ($)
A$$ (-)
,rees (5urnishing and
,ranspplanting)
,rees (,ransplanting)
1ach
1ach

ITEM @82 7 REFLECTIVE THERMOPLASTIC STRIPPING MATERIALS ( SOLID FORM)
@8268 D%*&#'$t')!
,his standard specifies the requirement for reflectori!ed thermoplastic pavement striping
material conforming to ))'H,4 7 -/% that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by
mechanical means with surface application of glass beads at a rate of not less than B&. g@3 of glass
beads having a si!e range of dropCin type and will produce an adherent reflectori!ed stripe of specified
thickness and width capable of resisting deformation by traffic
@8262 Mt%#'-* R%9+'#%5%!t*
$ 0eflectori!ed ,hermoplastic Pavement 7aterial shall be homogeneously composed of
pigment# filler# resins and glass reflectori!ing spheres
,he thermoplastic material shall be available to both white and yellow
- 9lass (eads (PreC7i?) shall be uncoated and shall comply with the following requirements<
0efractive +nde?# min C $&.
'pheres# Percent# min C %.
9radation<
'ieve 7ass Percent Passing
mm
.J&. $..
.A.. E&C%&
./-& C
.B.. $&CB&
.$J. C
.$&. .C&
@826: G%!%#- R%9+'#%5%!t*
@826:68 C)5$)*'t')!
,he pigment# beads and filler shall be uniformly dispersed in the resin ,he material shall be
free from all skins# dirt and foreign ob"ects and shall comply with the requirements as specified in ,able
A$-$
,able A$-$ = Composition 0equirements
Component White :ellow
(inder# min
9lass (eads<
min
ma?
,itanium
Dio?ide# min
Chrome :ellow#
7edium# min
Calcium Carbonate
)nd +nert 5illers#
7a?
$J.
B.
/.
$..
/-.
$J.
B.
/.
$..
/-.
@826:62 Q+-'tt';%
,he material shall conform to the qualitative requirements as specified in ,able A$--
,able A$-- = Fualitative 0equirements
Property 0equirements
White :ellow
'pecific 9ravity# ma?
Drying ,ime# minutes# ma?
(ond 'trength to Portland
Cement Concrete after
heating for four (/) hours
M& min ] -$J
o
C# 7Pa# ma?
Cracking 0esistance ] low
temp after heating for
four (/) hours M& min ] -$J
M-
o
C
+mpact 0esistance after
heating for four (/) hours
M& min ] -$J M-
o
C and
forming test specimens#
mm@kg# min
'oftening Point after heating
for four (/) hours M& min
] -$J M-
o
C
Daylight reflectant ] /&
Degrees = . degrees# K min
-$&
$..
$-/
6o cracks
$$&
$.-& M %&
o
C


E& /&
@8264 A$$-'&t')! P#)$%#t'%*
,he material shall readily e?trude at a temperature of -$$ M E
o
C# from approved equipment to
produce a line B- to /J mm thick which shall be continuous and uniform in shape having clear and
sharp dimensions
,he material shall not e?ude fumes which are to?ic# obno?ious or in"urious to persons or
property when heated during applications

,he application of additional glass beads by dropCin methods shall be at a rate of not less
than B&. g@3 of glass beads having a si!e range for dropCin type ,he typical si!e range of spheres of
dropCin type paints is as follows
Passing J&. um (^-.) sieve and
retained on -&. um (^A.) sieve# K J. = $..
a) Preparation of 0oad 'urface = the materials should be applied only on the surface which
is clean and dry +t shall not be laid into loose detritus# mud or similar e?traneous matter# or over an old
paint markings# or over an old thermoplastic marking which is faulty +n the case of smooth# polished
surface stones such as smooth concrete# old asphalt surfacing with smooth polished surface stones
and@or where the method of application of the manufacturer of the thermoplastic materials shall be
recommended# and with the approval of the 1ngineer
b) Preparation of ,hermoplastic 7aterials = ,he materials shall be melted in accordance with
the manufacturerDs instruction in a heater fitted with a mechanical stirrer to give a smooth consistency to
the thermoplastic and such the local overheating shall be avoided ,he temperature of the mass shall be
within the range specified by the manufacturer and shall on no account be allowed to e?ceed the
ma?imum temperature stated by the manufacturer ,he molten material shall be used as e?peditiously
as possible and for thermoplastics which have natural resin binders or otherwise sensitive to prolong
heating the materials shall not be maintained in a molden condition for more than / hours
c) 3aying = Center lines# lane lines and edges lines shall be applied by approved mechanical
means and shall be laid in regular alignment 4ther markings may be applied by hand = screed# hand
propelled machine or by selfCpropelled machine approved or directed by the 1ngineer )fter transfer to
the laying apparatus the materials shall be maintained within the temperature range specified by the
manufacturer and stirred to maintain the right consistency for laying
+n the case of screen application# the material shall be laid to a thickness of not less than B
mm or more than A mm unless authori!ed by the 1ngineer when laid over an e?isting markings +n the
case of sprayed application the material shall be laid to thickness of not less than $& mm unless
authori!ed by the 1ngineer +n all cases the surface produced shall be uniform and appreciably free from
bubbles and steaks Where the Contractor Documents require or the 1ngineer direct that ballotini shall
be applied to the surface of the markings# these shall be applied uniformly to the surface of hot
thermoplastic immediately after laying such that the quality of ballotini firmly embedded and retained in
the surface after completion complies with the requirements of 'ubCsection A.A--# 7aterial
0equirements
0oad markings of a repetitive nature# other center lines# lane lines# etc# shall unless
otherwise directed by the 1ngineer be set out with stencils which comply with the si!e and spacing
requirements shown on the Plans
d) 0eCuse of ,hermoplastic 7aterials = )t the end of dayDs as much as possible the material
remaining in the heater and@or laying apparatus shall be removed ,his may be broken and used again
provided that the ma?imum heating temperature has not been e?ceeded and that the total time during
which it is a molden condition does not e?ceed the requirements of 'ubCsection A.A-B# Construction
0equirements
@826468 D%(%&t';% Mt%#'-* )# W)#.5!*0'$
7aterials which are defective or have been applied in an unsatisfactory manner or to
incorrect dimensions or in a wrong location shall be removed# the road pavement shall be made good
and materials replaced# reconstructed and@or properly located# all at the ContractorDs e?penses and to
the satisfaction of the 1ngineer
@826462 P#)t%&t')! )( t0% T#(('&
,he Contractor shall protect pedestrians# vehicles and other traffic ad"acent to the working
area against damage or disfigurement by construction equipment# tools and materials or by spatters#
splashes and smirches or paint or other construction materials and during the course of the work# provide
and maintain adequate signs and signals for the warning and guidance of traffic
@826? S5$-'!/
) minimum weight of $. kg of 0eflectori!ed ,hermoplastic paint shall be taken for every $..
bags or fraction thereof
@826@ T%*t'!/
,he material shall be tested in accordance with ))'H,4 , -&. or with the appropriate
method in )',7 designation
@826A P&.'!/ !" M#.'!/
,he material shall be packaged in a suitable containers to which it will not adhere during
shipment and storage ,he blocks of cast thermoplastic material shall be appro?imately B.. ? %$& by &$
mm and shall weigh appro?imately -B kg 1ach container label shall designate the color# manufacturerDs
name# batch number and date of manufacture 1ach batch manufactured shall have its own separate
number ,he label shall warn the user that the material shall be heated to -$$ M E
o
C during application
@826B M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
,he quantity of pavement markings to be paid for shall be the area as shown on the Plans of
painted traffic line of the stated width and the area as shown on the plans of symbols# lettering# hatching
and the like# completed and accepted
,he quantity shown in the (ill of Fuantities represents the appro?imate quantity in square
meter of pavement markings# with width as shown applied at the centerline of the road pavements to
which may be increased or decreased depending on the 1ngineerDs decision whether to require
additional markings or delete parts of it 4ther markings representing symbols# lettering# hatching and
others in locations where they maybe required by the 1ngineer shall# likewise# be implemented by the
Contractor using reflectori!ed thermoplastic pavement markings as approved and directed
@826C B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities measured as determined in 'ubsection A$-J# 7ethod of 7easurement# shall
be paid for at the appropriate contract unit price for the Pay +tems shown in the (id 'chedule which price
and payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials# sampling and
packing# for the preparation of the surface# and for all labor# equipment# tools and incidentals necessary
to complete the +tem
Payment will be made under<
Pay +tem 6umber Description 2nit of 7easurement
A$-($) 0eflectori!ed ,hermoplastic
Pavement 7arkings (White)
'quare 7eter
A$-(-) 0eflectori!ed ,hermoplastic
Pavement 7arkings (:ellow)
'quare 7eter
PART I 7 MATERIALS DETAILS
ITEM A00 7 HYDRAULIC CEMENT
A0068 P)#t-!" C%5%!t !" M*)!#2 C%5%!t
Cement shall conform to the requirements of the following cited 'pecifications for the type
specified or permitted
,ype 'pecifications
Portland Cement ))'H,4 7 J& ()',7 C $&.)
(lended Hydraulic Cements ))'H,4 7 -/. ()',7 C &%&)
7asonry Cement ))'H,4 7 $&.CE/ ()',7 C %$)
When ,ypes +* and * ())'H,4 7 J&)# P and P) ())'H,4 7 $&.) cements are used#
proper recognition shall be given to the effects of slower strength gain on concrete proportioning and
construction practices ,ypes ' and ') cements will be permitted only when blended with Portland
Cement in proportions approved by the 1ngineer
2nless otherwise permitted by the 1ngineer# the product of only one mill of any one brand
and type of Portland Cement shall be used on the pro"ect
,he Contractor shall provide suitable means of storing and protecting the cement against
dampness Cement which# for any reason# has become partially set or which contains lumps of caked
cement will be re"ected Cement salvaged from discarded or used bags shall not be used
ITEM A08 7 CONSTRUCTION LIME (HYDRATED)
A0868 G%!%#-
Hydrated lime shall conform to the requirements of PH+3') +C$CAJ or )',7 C -.ECEA and
shall be of the following type <
,ype 6 C 6ormal hydrated lime for masonry purposes
,ype ' C 'pecial hydrated lime for masonry purposes
,ype 6) C 6ormal airCentraining hydrated lime for masonry purposes
,ype ') C 'pecial airCentraining hydrated lime for masonry purposes
,ype 6 and ' are suitable for use in mortar# in scratch and brown coats of cement plaster# for
stucco and for addition to Portland Cement concrete
,ype 6) and ') are airCentrained hydrated limes that are suitable for use in any of the above
uses where airCentrainment are desired
,ype ' and ') hydrated lime develop high# early plasticity and higher water retentivity and by
a limitation on their unhydrated o?ide content
+t is the intent of this 'pecification to use either the ,ype 6 or ' for soil stabili!ation and as
filler requirement to bituminous plant mi?tures +t is e?pected to provide pavements with greater
resistance to the detrimental effects of water# especially flooding during the rainy season
A0862 C0%5'&- R%9+'#%5%!t*
Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following standard chemical
requirements
Percentage
Calcium and 7agnesium o?ides
(6onCvolatile basis)# min K
A.
Carbon dio?ide (as received basis)# ma? K
+f sample is taken at the place of manufacture &
+f sample is taken at any other place E
2nhydrated o?ides (as received basis) for ,ype ' and
')# ma? K
J
A086: P02*'&- R%9+'#%5%!t*
Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following standard physical
requirements<
6 P%#&%!t/% R%*'"+%
,he residue retained on a .A.. mm (6o B.) sieve shall not be more than .&EK and not
more than $&K on a ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve
,6 P-*t'&'t2
,he putty made from ,ype '# special hydrate# or type ')# special airCentraining hydrate#
shall have plasticity figure of not less than -.. when tested within B. minutes after mi?ing with water
&6 Wt%# R%t%!t')!
Hydrated lime mortar made with ,ype 6 (normal hydrated lime) or ,ype 6) (normal
airCentraining lime)# after suction for A. seconds# shall have a water retention value of
not less than E& percent and not less than J&K for ,ype ' and ')# when tested in a
standard mortar made form the dry hydrate or from putty made from the hydrate which
has been soaked for a period of $A to -/ hours
A0864 G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t
Hydrated lime for construction purposes shall conform to the following grading requirements<
'ieve Designation 7ass Percent Passing
'tandard mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
.J&. (6o -.) $..
..E& (6o -..) J& = $..
A086? S5$-'!/
'amples of construction lime shall be taken at the place of manufacture or at the destination
as agreed upon by the parties concerned +f the samples are taken elsewhere than at the place of
manufacture# such samples shall be taken within -/ hours of the receipt of the material
'ampling shall be conducted as e?peditiously as possible to avoid undue e?posure of the
material to the air 'amples shall not be taken from broken packages
)t least one percent of the package shall be sampled but in no case shall less than five
packages be sampled +ndividual packages shall be taken from various parts of the unit being sampled
1ach package so taken shall be opened and not less than .& kg shall be taken by means of a sampling
tube that takes a core of the material of not less than -& cm in diameter and that is of sufficient length to
permit the taking of the sample from the top to the bottom of the mass being sampled ,he material
removed shall be thoroughly mi?ed and quartered ,riplicate samples of not less than -& kg each shall
be taken and sealed in properly labelled# airCtight# moisture proof containers
A086?68 S5$-% ()# C0%5'&- A!-2*'*
,he sample as received at the laboratory shall be thoroughly mi?ed# quartered# and a
representative sample taken and crushed to pass a .$&. mm (6o $..) sieve for analysis ,he
remaining uncrushed portion shall be resealed for further possible tests
A086@ R%J%&t')!
7aterials failing to meet the specification requirements shall be reported to the manufacturer
within one ($) week after tests have been completed and the cause for re"ection shall be stated
A086A P&.'!/
3ime and limestone products may be shipped in bulk or in containers agreed upon by the
manufacturer and the purchaser ,he most common units for hydrated lime are paper bags holding -B
kg (&. lbs)# $$& kg (-& lbs)# /& kg ($. lbs) or -B kg (& lbs)
ITEM A02 7 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
A0268 A*$0-t C%5%!t*
)sphalt cement shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 --A
A0262 L'9+'" A*$0-t*
3iquid asphalt shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications<
0apid Curing 3iquid )sphalts C ))'H,4 7 J$
7edium Curing 3iquid )sphalts C ))'H,4 7 J-
A026: E5+-*'('%" A*$0-t*
1mulsified asphalts shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications<
1mulsified )sphalt ()nionic) C ))'H,4 7 $/.
()',7 D %EE)
1mulsified )sphalt (Cationic) C ))'H,4 7 -.J
A0264 A&&%$t!&% P#)&%"+#%* ()# B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-*
A026468 G%!%#-
(ituminous materials will be accepted at the source of shipment sub"ect to the following
conditions<
a ,he supplier shall conduct laboratory tests of all materials intended for shipment to the
9overnment and certify that the materials meet the Contract 'pecifications
b (efore loading# the producer shall e?amine the shipping container# remove all remnants
of previous cargoes which night contaminate the material to be loaded and certify that it
was clean and free of contaminating material and loaded
c ,he Contractor shall furnish with each shipment two copies of the delivery ticket ,he
delivery tickets shall contain the following information<
Consignees PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP Destination PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Pro"ect 6umber PPPPPPPPPPPPP Date PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
9rade PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 3oading ,emp PPPPPPPPPPPPPP
6et 3iters PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 'pecific 9ravity PPPPPPPPPPPPPP
)t $&&
.
C (A.
.
5)
6et Weight PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
+dentification 6o (,ruck# Car# ,ank# etc) PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
d ,he Contractor or the supplier as his agent# shall deliver to the 1ngineer or his
representative a certification signed by an authori!ed representative of the supplier to
cover the quality and quantity of material and the condition of container for each
shipment ,he certification shall be essentially in the following form and may be
stamped# written or printed on the delivery tickets
G,his is to certify that this shipment of PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP (tonnes@litres) or PPPPPPPPPPPPPP
of asphalt meets all Contract 'pecification requirements of the DPWH# and the shipping container was
clean and free from contaminating material when loaded
Producer
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
'igned
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
5ailure to sign the certification will be a cause to withhold use of the material until it can be
sampled# tested and approved
A026462 Q+-'t2 C)!t#)- R%;'%1*
Fuality control reviews will be conducted by the 9overnment# or an authori!ed representative
at the point of production# at frequencies prescribed by the DPWH# to determine the reliability of the
producerDs certifications
+f this review indicates that the certifications are not reliable# the acceptance of bituminous
materials by certification will be discontinued and the contents of each shipping container will be sampled
at point of delivery# tested and accepted prior to incorporation into the work ,his procedure will be
followed until the engineering determination is made that the supplierDs quality control and testing
procedures are such that material meeting Contract 'pecifications is being consistently produced
A02646: A-t%#!t% A&&%$t!&% P#)&%"+#%* ()# A*$0-t Mt%#'-*
Where required by the 'pecial Provisions# the following alternate acceptance plan for asphalt
material will apply in lieu of (a) and (b) above ,he Contractor shall provide deliver tickets and
certifications as set out in (a)# above
)cceptance samples of bituminous materials shall be obtained in accordance with ))'H,4
, /.# 'ampling (ituminous 7aterials# at the applicable point of acceptance as defined herein<
a (ituminous materials used in direct application on the road )cceptance samples shall
be obtained under the supervision of the 1ngineer from the conveyances containing the
bituminous material at the point of delivery 'ingle samples shall be taken of each
separate tank load of bituminous material delivered# at the time of discharge# into
distributors or other conveyances on the pro"ect
b (ituminous materials initially discharged into storage tanks on the pro"ect )cceptance
samples shall be obtained from the line between the storage tank and the distributor of
the bituminous mi?ing plant after each delivery ) single acceptance sample shall be
taken after sufficient period of circulation of such bituminous material has taken place to
insure samples representative of the total materials then in the storage tank
)s soon after sampling as practicable# the acceptance sample shall be delivered by the
1ngineer to the nearest authori!ed laboratory for tests to determine compliance
A026464 R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# B't+5'!)+* Mt%#'-* &)!t'!'!/ A!t'D*t#'$$'!/ A""'t';%*
a )ll the foregoing requirements of +tem E.- shall apply for the type of bituminous
material involved
b )dditionally# the Contractor or the supplier as his agent# shall furnish the 1ngineer or his
representative along with and the time of delivery of the initial shipment of fortified
bituminous material to the pro"ect# and thereafter with the subsequent shipments when
ordered by the 1ngineer# $ litre ($ quart) sealed sample of the bituminous material
taken at the time of loading at the refinery and prior to introduction of the additive#
along with a separate .& litre ($ pint) sample of the antiCstripping additive involved
A026? A$$-'&t')! T%5$%#t+#%*
(ituminous materials for the several application indicated in the 'pecifications shall be
applied within the temperature ranges indicated in ,able E.-$
T,-% A0268 7 A$$-'&t')! T%5$%#t+#%*
,ype and 9rade 4f 7aterial )pplication 'pray
(7in@7a?)
,emperature 0ange (
.
C)
7i? (7in@7a?)
0, $C-C- $&& = &/ $&& = &/
0, /C&CA -% = A&& -% = A&&
0, ECJC% A&& = $.E A&& = $.E
0, $.C$$C$- E% = $-$ E% = $-$
0,C( &CA B. $&& = /J% $&& = /J%
7C B. -$ = A-J $&& = /.&
0CC7C E. /.& = J& B- = AJ
0CC7C -&. A. = $.E &$E = %B
0CC7C J.. E% = $-% E$ = $.E
0CC7C B... $.AE = $/B %B = $-AE
)ll 1mulsions $. = E$ $. = E$
)sphalt Cement
()ll 9rades)
-./ 7a? )s required to achieve
viscosity of E& = $&.
seconds to achieve a
8inematic *iscosity of
$&.CB.. mm
-
@s ($&.CB..)
centiCstokes
,able E.-$ shall apply unless temperatures ranges applicable to specific lots of material
delivered to the "ob are supplied by the producer
A026@ Mt%#'- ()# D5$$#))('!/ !" Wt%#$#))('!/ C)!&#%t% !" M*)!#2 S+#(&%*
7aterial shall conform to the requirements of the following specifications<
a Primer for use with asphalt ))'H,4 7 $$A
b Primer for use with tar ))'H,4 7 $-$
()',7 D /B)
4r
+t may be a liquid waterCgas tar conforming to the following requirements<
'pecific gravity# -&
.
@-&
.
C $.B. = $$..
'pecific viscosity at /.
.
C
(1ngler)# not more than B.
,otal distillate# mass percent B..
.
#
not more than &..
(itumen (soluble in carbon disulphide)# not less
than %J. percent
Water not more than -. percent
c ,ar for mop or seal coats<
Coal tar pitch (heated to free flowing but not to
e?ceed $/%
.
C (B..
.
5) )''H,4 7 $$J#
,ype ( ()',7 D /&.)
4r
,ar applied at about -E
.
C (J.
.
5) ))'H,4 7 &-#
0,C( & or A
0ubberi!ed tar (heated to free flowing but not to
e?ceed $-$
.
C (-&.
.
5) )',7 D -%%B
d )sphalt for mop coat ))'H,4 7 $$&
e Waterproofing fabric )''H,4 7 $$E
()',7 D $AAJ)
5abric shall be waterproofed with tar or asphalt in agreement with the material specified
for prime and mop coats
f 7ortar materials shall conform to 'ection E.&& e?cept that the mortar shall be
uniformly mi?ed to spreading consistency in the proportion of $ part Portland Cement to
B parts fine aggregate
g )sphalt plank ))'H,4 7 /A
()',7 D &$E)
2nless otherwise shown on the plans# planks shall be B. mm thick and may be from
$&. to B.. mm in width but all pieces for one structure shall be of the same width
e?cept such GclosersH as may be necessary ,he lengths shall be such as to permit the
laying of the planks to the best advantage on the surface to be covered but shall not be
less than .% nor more than -& m
h )sphalt roll roofing )',7 D --/#
A& pound grade
A026A M%5,#!% Mt%#'- ()# Wt%#$#))('!/ B#'"/% D%&.*
(ridge deck waterproofing membrane shall be meshCreinforced selfCsealing rubberi!ed
asphalt preformed membrane and shall have the following properties<
,hickness
PermeanceCPerms
8g@Pasm
-
(grains@sqft@hr@inHg)
$A& mm (A&& mils)
&E-$B ? $.
C$$
(.$.) )',7 1 %A
7ethod (
,ensile strength B//& kPa (&. lb@in) )',7 D JJ-
modified for
-&/ mm
($ inch) opening
Puncture resistance
(mesh)
%.J kg (-.. lb) )',7 1 $&/
Pliability = AB& mm
($@/H) mandrel $J.
.
bend at =JB
.
C (C$&
.
5)
6o cracks in rubberi!ed asphalt )',7 D $/A
Primer and mastic shall be as recommended by the manufacturer and shall be compatible with the
membrane
A026B T#*
,ars shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 &-
A026C D+*t O'-*
Dust oils and clarified dust oil shall conform to the following requirements<
9eneral )',7 Dust 4il Clarified
0equirements 71,H4D 3ight 7edium Heavy Dust 4il
5lash Point#
.
C (4pen
tag)# min
D $B$. &$A &$A &$A %BB
*iscosity at BJ
.
C
($..
.
5) 8inematic# C'
D -$E. /.CE. %.C$B& $/&C-.. -.C$..
Water# K ma?imum D %& -. -. -. -.
)sphaltenes K RD-..A B.CA. /.CE. &.CJ. .C&.
'aturates K minimum RD-..A -& -& -& $.
Distillation
,otal Distillate to -JJ
.
C
(&&.
o
5)# 7a? K
RRD/.- B& B. B. &
,est on residue from Distillation to -JJ
.
C (&&.
.
5)
*iscosity at $..
o
,#
8inematic# C'
D -$E. E&C-&. -..CAB. &/.C$&.. -.C$&.
'olubility in
,richloroethylene# K
7in
RRR-./- %E. %E. %E. %E.
R )s modified in procedure as G,est 7ethod for Determination of )sphaltene and 'aturate Content
of Dust 4ilsH by 7aterials ,esting 3aboratory# 0egion +# 2'D) 5orest 'ervice# 7issoula# 7,
dated 6ovember $%E. Copies of the procedure are available from the 0egional 7aterials
1ngineer# 0egion +# 2'D) 5orest 'ervice# 7issoula# 7, &%J.$$
RR 1?cept that the residue remaining after a temperature of -JJ
.
C (instead of BA.
.
C) shall be used
for further testing )s modified in procedure identified as G'tandard 7ethod of ,est for
Distillation of 5orest 'ervice Dust 4ilH dated ;uly $%E- Copies of the procedure are available
from the 0egional 7aterials 1ngineer# 0egion + 2'D) 5orest 'ervice# 7issoula# 7,# &%J.$
RRR ,richloroethylene shall be used as a solvent instead of carbon disulphide
ITEM A0: 7 AGGREGATES
A0:68 F'!% A//#%/t% ()# C)!&#%t% !" I!&'"%!t-*
A0:6868 C)!&#%t%
5ine )ggregate for concrete shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 A# with no
deleterious substances in e?cess of the following percentages<
Clay lumps B.
Coal and lignite $.
7aterial passing ..E& mm sieve /.
4ther substances = as shown in the 'pecial Provisions
3ightweight aggregate# if required or permitted by the 'pecial Provisions# shall meet the
pertinent requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%&
A0:6862 9ranular backfill filter material for underdrains and filler for paved waterways shall be
permeable and shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 A# e?cept that soundness tests will not be
required and minor variations in grading and content of deleterious substances may be approved by the
1ngineer
A0:686: )ggregate for minor concrete structures shall be clean# durable# uniformly graded sand and
gravel# crushed slag or crushed stone# $.. percent of which will pass a BE& mm ($C$@- inches) sieve and
containing not more than & percent passing the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve
A0:62 C)#*% A//#%/t% ()# P)#t-!" C%5%!t C)!&#%t%
Coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 J.
3ightweight aggregate# if required or permitted by the 'pecial Provisions# shall conform to the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%&# for the grading specified
A0:6: A//#%/t% ()# P)#t-!" C%5%!t T#%t%" !" St,'-'>%" B*% C)+#*%
,he crushed and uncrushed granular material shall consist of hard durable stones and rocks
of accepted quality# free from an e?cess of flat# elongated# soft or disintegrated pieces or other
ob"ectionable matter ,he method used in obtaining the aggregate shall be such that the finished
product shall be as consistent as practical
)ll materials passing the /E& mm (6o /) mesh produced in the crushing operation of either
the stone or gravel shall be incorporated in the base material to the e?tent permitted by the gradation
requirements ,he plasticity inde? shall not be less / nor more than $.
A0:64 A//#%/t% ()# U!t#%t%" S+,,*%3 B*% )# S+#(&% C)+#*%*
)ggregate shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of crushed stone# crushed
slag or crushed or natural gravel 7aterials that break up when alternately wetted and dried shall not be
used
Coarse aggregate is the material retained on the -.. mm (6o $.) sieve and shall have a
percentage of wear of not more than &. for subbase and not more than /& for (ase and 'urface Courses
as determine by ))'H,4 7ethod , %A
5ine aggregate is the material passing the -.. mm (6o $.) sieve and shall consist of
natural or crushed sand and fine mineral particles ,he fraction passing the ..E& mm (6o -..) sieve
shall not be greater than .AA (twoCthirds) of the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve 5or base
courses# the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than -&
and a plasticity inde? not greater than A# while for subbase course# the liquid limit shall not be greater
than B& plasticity inde? not greater than $-
5or surface courses# the fraction passing the ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a liquid limit
not greater than B& and a plasticity inde? not less than / or greater than %
)ll materials shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay
When crushed aggregate is specified# not less than &. mass percent of the particles retained
on the /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall have at least one fractured face
9radation of each designated si!e of aggregate shall be obtained by crushing# screening and
blending processes as may be necessary
7aterials otherwise meeting the requirements of this 'ection will be acceptable whenever
such materials produce a compacted course meeting applicable density requirements as specified in
'ubsections -..BB# -.$BB# -.-BB and -.BBA
A0:6? A//#%/t% ()# B't+5'!)+* C)!&#%t%
A0:6?68 C)#*% A//#%/t%
Coarse aggregate retained on the -BA mm (6o J) sieve shall be crushed stone# crushed
slag or crushed or natural gravel and unless otherwise stipulated# shall conform to the quality
requirements of ))'H,4 7 E% = E/
When crushed gravel is used# it shall meet the pertinent requirements of 'ection -$ and B$
of ))'H,4 7 A- = E/ and not less than &. mass percent of the particles retained on the /E& mm (6o
/) sieve shall have at least one fractured face ,he coarse aggregate shall be of such gradation that
when combined with other required aggregate fractions in proper proportion# the resultant mi?ture will
meet the gradation required under the composition of mi?ture for the specific type under contract 4nly
one kind shall be used on the pro"ect e?cept by permission of the 1ngineer
A0:6?62 F'!% A//#%/t%
5ine aggregate passing the -BA mm (6o J) sieve shall consist of natural sand# stone# stone
screenings or slag screenings or a combination thereof and unless otherwise stipulated shall conform to
the quality requirements of ))'H,4 7 -% ()',7 D $.EB) 5ine aggregate shall be of such gradation
that when combined with other required aggregate fractions in proper proportion# the resultant mi?ture
will meet the gradation required under the composition of mi?ture for the specific type under contract
A0:6?6: O$%!DG#"%" A*$0-t C)!&#%t% F#'&t')! C)+#*%
)ggregate shall conform to 'ubsections E.B&$ and E.B&- above and the following
requirements 0elatively pure carbonate aggregates or any aggregates known to polish shall not be
used for the coarse aggregate fraction (material retained on the -BA mm (6o J) sieve +n addition# the
coarse aggregate fraction shall have at least E& mass percent of weight of particles with at least two
fractured faces and %. mass percent with one or more fractured faces# e?cept that lightweight
aggregates need not meet this requirement ,he abrasion loss ())'H,4 , %A) shall not e?ceed /.
mass percent
A0:6?64 L'/0t1%'/0t A//#%/t% (%<&%$t *-/)
3ightweight aggregate (e?cept slag)# if required or permitted by a 'pecial Provisions# shall be
manufactured by the rotary kiln process ,he material shall consist of angularCfragments uniform in
density and reasonably free from flat# elongated or other deleterious substances ,he material shall
show an abrasion loss of less than /& mass percent when tested in accordance with ))'H,4 , %A
,he dry mass per cubic metre shall not e?ceed $.J. kg (AE pcf) )fter testing through five cycles of the
magnesium sulfate soundness test# the loss shall not e?ceed ten ($.) mass percent
A0:6@ A//#%/t% ()# B't+5'!)+* P-!t M'< S+#(&'!/
)ggregate shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine ,arget values for the intermediate
sieve si!es shall be established within the limits shown in ,able E.B$
,he Contractor shall submit the proposed target values in writing to the 1ngineer for
approval ,he target gradation is sub"ect to confirmation testing in accordance with 'ection B.E- before
approval by the 1ngineer )ny changes in the target gradation are sub"ect to confirmation testing in
accordance with 'ection B.E-# unless otherwise approved in writing by the 1ngineer 6o target
gradation ad"ustment will be permitted during the span of a lot
T,-% A0:68
R!/% )( G#"t')! T#/%t V-+%*
'ieve
Designation# mm
7ass percent passing square mesh sieves# ))'H,4 , $$
and , -E# e?clusive of mineral filler
0ange
-& ($ inch) $..
$% (B@/ inch) $..
/E& (6o /) &. = A.
-BA (6o J) BJ = /J
..E& (6o -..) B = E
,he minimum for 'and 1quivalent is B&
6o intermediate si!es of aggregate shall be removed for other purposes without written
consent of the 1ngineer
+f crushed gravel is used# not less than &. mass percent of the material retained on the /E&
mm (6o /) sieve shall be particles having at least one fractured face
,hat portion of the composite material passing a /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall have a sand
equivalent of not less than B&# as determined by ))'H,4 , $EA# )lternate 7ethod 6o -
,he aggregate shall show a durability inde? not less than B& (coarse and fine) as determined
by ))'H,4 , -$.
,he material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would
prevent thorough coating with the bituminous material
A0:6A A//#%/t% ()# H)t P-!tDM'< B't+5'!)+* P;%5%!t
,he provisions of 'ubsections E.B&$# E.B&- and E.B&B shall apply ,he several
aggregate fraction for the mi?ture shall be si!ed# graded and combined in such proportions that the
resulting composite blend meets one of the grading requirements of ,able E.B- as specified in the
'chedule
,he gradings to be used will be shown in the 'pecial Provisions# ad"usted to reflect variations
in aggregate densities
,he ranges apply to aggregates with bulk specific gravity values that are relatively constant
throughout a grading band When such values vary from sieve to sieve# such as with lightweight
aggregates# the ranges for each sieve si!e shall be ad"usted to reflect the variations
A0:6B A//#%/t% ()# C)-" P-!tDM'< B't+5'!)+* P;%5%!t
,he provisions of 'ubsections E.B&$ and E.B&- shall apply
A0:6B68 A//#%/t% ()# P;%5%!t
,he several aggregate fractions for the mi?ture shall be si!ed# graded and combined in such
proportions that the resulting composite blends meet the respective grading requirements of ,able E.BB
ad"usted to reflect variation in aggregate densities
A0:6B62 A//#%/t% ()# T)$ D#%**'!/
,he material for the top dressing shall consist of dry sand# stone screenings or slag
screenings so graded that at least %& mass percent shall pass the /E& mm (6o /) sieve and not more
than /. percent shall pass the .B.. mm (6o &.) sieve
T,-% A0:62
G#"t')! R!/%* 7 H)t P-!t M'< B't+5'!)+* P;%5%!t*
(M** $%#&%!t $**'!/ *9+#% *'%;%*3 AASHTO T 88 !" T 2A)
'ieve
Designation#
mm
9 0 ) D + 6 9
) ( C D 1 5 9
BE& ($C$@- inch) $.. C C C C C C
-& ( $ inch) %&C$.. $.. $.. C C C C
$% (B@/ inch) E&C%& %&C$.. %&C$.. $.. C $.. C
$-& ($@- inch) C AJCJA AJCJA %&C$.. $.. C $..
%& (B@J inch) &/CE& &ACEJ &ACEJ E/C%- %&C$.. C %&C$..
/E& (6o /) BAC&J BJCA. BJCA. /JCE. E&C%. /&CA& B.C&.
-BA (6o J) -&C/& -EC/E -EC/E BBC&B A-CJ- BBC&B &C$&
$$J (6o $A) C $JCBE $JCBE --C/. BJC&J C C
.A.. (6o B.) $$C-J $$C-J $BC-J $&CB. --C/- C C
.B.. (6o &.) C AC-. %C-. $.C-. $$C-J $.C-. C
..E& (6o -..) .CJ .CJ /CJ /C% -C$. BCJ -C&
A0:6C A//#%/t% ()# R)" M'< B't+5'!)+* P;%5%!t
)ggregates for road mi? bituminous pavement construction shall be crushed stone# crushed
slag# or crushed or natural gravel which meet the quality requirements of ))'H,4 7 A-CE/ or 7 ABCE/
for the specified gradation# e?cept that the sodium sulfate soundness loss shall not e?ceed $- mass
percent
When crushed gravel is used# at least &. mass percent of the particles retained on the -..
mm (6o $.) sieve shall have at least one fractured face 9radation shall conform to 9rading 5 of ,able
E.B-
A0:680 A//#%/t% ()# C);%# C)t*3 S+#(&% T#%t5%!t* !" B't+5'!)+* P#%*%#;t';%
T#%t5%!t
Cover aggregate for type - seal coat (+tem B.B) shall consist of sand or fine screenings#
reasonably free from dirt or organic matter
)ggregates for type B seal coat (+tem B.B) surface treatments or bituminous preservative
treatment shall be crushed stone# crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel 4nly one type of aggregate
shall be used on the pro"ect unless alternative types are approved )ggregates shall meet the quality
requirements of ))'H,4 7 EJCE/
When tested in accordance with ))'H,4 , $J-# ()',7 D $AA/) aggregate shall have a
retained bituminous film above %& mass percent
)ggregates which do not meet this requirement may be used for bituminous surface
treatments and seal coats provided a water resistant film
3ightweight aggregate# if required or permitted by the 'pecial Provisions# shall meet the
pertinent requirements of 'ubsection E.B&/
When crushed gravel is used# not less than &. mass percent of the particles retained on the
/E& mm (6o /) sieve shall have at least one fractured face )ggregates shall meet the gradation
requirements called for in the (id 'chedule
T,-% A0:6:
G#"t')! R%9+'#%5%!t* 7 C)-" P-!t M'< B't+5'!)+* P;%5%!t
(M** $%#&%!t $**'!/ *9+#% 5%*0 *'%;%*3 AASHTO T 2A)
'ieve Designation (ottom
((inder)
Course
Wearing
('urface)
Course 'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
BE& $C$@-H $.. C
-& $H J& = $.. C
$% NH /. = E. $..
$-& OH $. = B& %& = $..
/E& 6o / / = $A $& = /.
-BA 6o J . = & $. = -&
.A.. 6o B. C / = $B
.B.. 6o &. C . C &
T,-% A0:64
G#"t')! R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# C);%# C)t*
(M** $%#&%!t $**'!/ *9+#% 5%*0 *'%;%*3 AASHTO T 2A)
'ieve
Designation
9rading designation with corresponding si!e
6o from ))'H,4 7 /B ()',7 D //J) modified
'td mm )lt 2' 'td ) (6o&) ( (6oA) C (6oE) D (6oJ) 1 (6o%) 5 (6o$.)
BE& $C$@-H $.. C C C C C
-& $H %.C$.. $.. C C C C
$% NH C %.C$.. $.. C C C
$-& OH .C$. C %.C$.. $.. C C
%& B@JH C .C$& C J&C$.. $.. $..
/E& 6o / C C .C$& C J&C$.. J&C$..
-BA 6o J C C C .C$. C C
..E& 6o -.. .C- .C- .C- .C- .C- .C$.
A0:688 B-)tt%#
)ggregate for blotter material shall conform to the gradation requirements of ))'H,4 7 /B
()',7 D //J)# si!e -.. mm (6o $.) ,he aggregate shall be free from vegetable or other deleterious
materials
T,-% A0:6?
G#"t')! R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# B't+5'!)+* S+#(&% T#%t5%!t*
(M** $%#&%!t $**'!/ *9+#% 5%*0 *'%;%*3 AASHTO T 2A)
'ieve
Designation
9rading designation with corresponding si!e
6o from ))'H,4 7 /B ()',7 D //J) modified
'td mm )lt 2' 'td ) (6o&) ( (6oA) C (6oE) D (6oJ) 1 (6o%) 5 (6o$.)
BE& $C$@-H $.. C C C C C
-& $H %.C$.. $.. C C C C
$% NH -.C-& %.C$.. $.. C C C
$-& OH .C$. -.C&& %.C$.. $.. C C
%& B@JH .C& .C$& /.CE. J&C$.. $.. $..
/E& 6o / C .C& .C$& $.CB. J&C$.. J&C$..
-BA 6o J C C .C& .C$. $.C/. A.C$..
.$&. 6o $.. C C C C C .C$.
T,-% A0:6@
G#"t')! R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# B't+5'!)+* P#%*%#;t';% T#%t5%!t
'ieve
Designation
7ass percent passing square mesh
'ieves# ))'H,4 , -E
'tandard mm )lternate 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
$% NH C $..
%& B@JH $.. C
/E& 6o / /& = J. /& = J.
-BA 6o J -J = A/ -J = A/
..E& 6o -.. . = $- . C $-
A0:682 B%" C)+#*% Mt%#'-
(ed course material for sidewalks# paved waterways and curbing shall consist of cinders#
sand# slag# gravel# crushed stone or other approved material of such gradation that all particles will pass
through a sieve having BE& mm ($C$@- inches) square openings
(ed course material for slope protection shall be a porous# freeCdraining material consisting
of sand# gravel# cinders# slag# crushed stone or other approved freeCdraining material ,his material
shall be uniformly graded and of such si!e that $.. percent of the material will pass through a sieve
having BE& mm ($C$@- inches) square opening
A0:68: S0%t0'!/ Mt%#'-
'heathing material shall conform to either (a) or (b) below<
a 'ound# durable particles of gravel# slag or crushed stone meeting the following
gradation<
'ieve 7ass percent passing
E& mm (BH) $..
/E& mm (6o /) . = $.
..E& mm (6o -..) . = -
b Clean noncementitious sand meeting the requirements of 'ubsection E.B$-
A0:684 A//#%/t%* ()# S+,/#"% M)"'('&t')!
,he material shall consist of hard# durable particles or fragments of slag# stone or gravel#
screened or crushed to the required si!e and grading ,he material shall be visually free from vegetable
matter and lumps or balls of clay and shall meet the requirements for one of the gradings given in ,able
E.BE whichever is called for in the (id 'chedule
,hat portion of the material passing a ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a plasticity inde? of
not over A# as determined by ))'H,4 , %.
T,-% A0:6A
G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t* 7 A//#%/t%* ()# S+,/#"% M)"'('&t')!
'ieve
Designation
7ass percent passing square mesh
sieves using ))'H,4 , -E
'tandard mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
E& BH $.. C C
BE& $C$@-H C $.. C
-& $H C C $..
/E& 6o / B. = E. B. = E. /. = J.
..E& 6o -.. . C $& . C $& & = -.
Crushed slag shall consist of clean# tough# durable pieces of blast furnace slag# reasonably
uniform in density and quality and reasonably free from glassy pieces
A0:68? A//#%/t%* ()# S-t St,'-'>t')!
)ggregates for salt stabili!ed base course shall consist of hard durable particles or fragments
of slag# stone or gravel# screened or crushed to the required si!e and grading
,hat portion of the material passing a ./-& mm (6o /.) sieve shall have a plasticity inde? of
not over A# as determined by ))'H,4 , %.
,he material shall be visually free from vegetable matter or lumps or balls of clay and shall
meet the requirements for one of the gradings given in ,able E.BJ as called for in the (id 'chedule
T,-% A0:6B
G#"t')! R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# A//#%/t%* ()# S-t St,'-'>%" B*% C)+#*%
'ieve
Designation
7ass percent passing square mesh
sieves# ))'H,4 , $$ and , -E
'tandard# mm )lternate 2' 'tandard 9rading ) 9rading (
E& BH C C
&. -H C $..
BE& $C$@-H C E. = $..
-& $H $.. C
$% NH E. = $.. &. = J.
%& B@JH &. = J. /. = E.
/E& 6o / B& = /& B. = A.
-.. 6o $. -& = &. -. = &.
./-& 6o /. $& = B. $. = B.
..E& 6o -.. E C $& E = $&
R 9radation varies with top si!e of material and should be based on si!e of largest material used
5or instance# if largest si!e is &. mm (- inches)# gradation should be under heading (> if -& mm ($
inch)# under )
A0:68@ A//#%/t%* ()# E5+-*'('%" A*$0-t T#%t%" B*% C)+#*%
)ggregate shall consist of coarse aggregate of crushed gravel# crushed slag or crushed
stone# composed of hard# durable particles or fragments and a filler of finely crushed stone# sand# slag or
other finely divided mineral matter ,he portion of the material retained on a /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall
be known as coarse aggregate and that portion passing a /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall be known as fine
aggregate ,he material shall meet one of the grading requirements of ,able E.B%
T,-% A0:6C
G#"'!/ R%9+'#%5%!t* ()# A//#%/t%* ()# E5+-*'('%" A*$0-t T#%t%" B*% (7ass percent passing
square mesh sieves# ))'H,4 , $$ U , -E)
'ieve Designation
9rading ) 9rading ( 9rading C 'tandard mm )lternate 2' 'tandard
BE& $C$@-H $.. $.. C
-& $H %& = $.. %& = $.. C
$% NH C &. = J& $..
$-& $@-H C C %& = $..
/E& 6o / C -A = &% A& = $..
-.. 6o $. . = % $E = /J C
.B.. 6o &. C C $- = B&
..E& 6o -.. . = - - = $. B C $-
+f crushed gravel is used# not less than A& mass percent of the coarse aggregate particles
retained on a /E& mm (6o /) sieve shall be particles having at least one fractured face
Coarse aggregate shall have a percent of wear of not more than B& at &.. revolution# as
determined by ))'H,4 , %A
,he aggregate shall show a durability factor not less than B& (coarse and fine) as determined
by ))'H,4 , -$. (Production of Plastic 5ines in )ggregates)
,he material shall be free of clay balls and adherent films of clay or other matter that would
prevent thorough coating with bituminous material
ITEM A0:A 7 MINERAL FILLER
A0:A68 D%*&#'$t')!
7ineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust# slag dust#
hydrated lime# hydraulic cement# fly ash or other suitable mineral matter +t shall be free from organic
impurities and at the time of use# shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and shall be essentially free from
agglomerations
A0:A62 G%!%#- R%9+'#%5%!t*
A0:A6268 5iller material for bituminous bases or pavements shall meet the requirements of
))'H,4 7 $E# 7ineral 5iller for (ituminous Paving 7i?tures
A0:A6262 P02*'&- R%9+'#%5%!t*
7ineral filler shall be graded within the following limits<
'ieve 7a?imum Perfect Passing
.A.. mm (6o B.) $..
.B.. mm (6o &.) %& = $..
..E& mm (6o -..) E. = $..
,he mineral filler shall have a plasticity inde? not greater than /
Plasticity inde? limits are not appropriate for hydraulic lime and cement
A0:A6: M%t0)"* )( S5$-'!/
A0:A6:68 Mt%#'-* '! B+-.
'ampling from bins# piles or cars = ) sampling tube that takes a core not less than -& mm ($
inch) in diameter may be used to obtain sample portions from one or more location as required to obtain
a field sample of at least & kg ($. lb) 'ample
portions may be taken from holes dug into the material at & or more locations to provide a field sample of
at least & kg ($. lb)
'ampling from conveyors = 'ample portions shall be taken at regular intervals during the
time of movement of the materials in the unit being sampled to provide a field sample of at least & kg ($.
lb)
A0:A6:62 Mt%#'-* '! P&./%*
5rom the unit to be sampled# select at least one percent of the packages at random for
sampling# but in no case shall fewer than & packages be selected ,ake a sample portion from a hole
dug into the top of each package selected for sampling ) sampling tube may be used that takes a core
not less than -& mm ($ inch) diameter +nsert the tube into the package to substantially sample the
entire length of the package Combine the sample portions taken to obtain a field sample of at least &
kg ($. lb)
A0:A64 S0'$$'!/ S5$-%*
7ineral filler shall be shipped in a clean# moistureCproof container and packaged securely to
prevent the loss of material during handling 0educe the field sample to a minimum si!e of -& kg (& lb)
to submit for testing# using the method of quartering
A0:A6? M%t0)"* )( T%*t
,he properties enumerated in this 'pecification shall be determined in accordance with the
following ))'H,4 7ethod of ,est<
9radation , BE
Plasticity +nde? , %.
ITEM A04 7 MASONRY UNITS
A0468 C-2 )# S0-% B#'&.
(rick shall conform to the requirements of one of the following specifications<
'ewer (rick C ))'H,4 7 %$# 9rade '7
'ewer (rick C )',7 C B-# 9rade '7
(uilding (rick C ))'H,4 7 $$/# 9rade 'W# or )',7 C A-# 9rade 'W
,he grade will be shown on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions
A0462 C)!&#%t% B#'&.
Concrete brick shall conform to the requirements of )',7 C &&# 9rade )
A046: C)!&#%t% M*)!#2 B-)&.*
Concrete masonry blocks may be rectangular or segmented and# when specified# shall have
ends shaped to provide interlock at vertical "oints
'olid blocks shall conform with the requirements of )',7 C $B% or )',7 C $/&# grade as
specified Hollow blocks shall conform to the requirements of )',7 C %.# grade as specified
Dimensions and tolerances shall be as individually specified on the Plans
ITEM A0? 7 FOINT MATERIALS
A0?68 F)'!t F'--%#*
Poured filler for "oints shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $EB
Preformed fillers for "oints shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 BB ()',7 D %%/)#
))'H,4 7 $&B# ))'H,4 7 -$B# ))'H,4 7 --.# as specified# and shall be punched to admit the
dowels where called for on the Plans ,he filler for each "oint shall be furnished in a single piece for the
depth and width required for the "oint unless otherwise authori!ed by the 1ngineer When the use of
more than one piece is authori!ed for a "oint# the abutting ends shall be fastened securely and held
accurately to shape# by stapling or other positive fastening satisfactory to the 1ngineer
A0?62 F)'!t M)#t#
Pipe "oint mortar shall consist of one part Portland Cement and two parts approved sand with
water as necessary to obtain the required consistency Portland Cement and sand shall conform
respectively to 'ection E..$ and E.B$ +f shown in the 'pecial Provisions# air entrainment conforming
to 'ection E.J- shall be provided 7ortar shall be used within B. minutes after its preparation
A0?6: R+,,%# G*.%t*
0ing gaskets for rigid pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%J Continuous
flat gaskets for fle?ible metal pipe shall conform to the requirements of )',7 D $.&A with grade 'C1 /$
used for bands with pro"ections or flat bands and grade 'C1 /B for corrugated bands 9askets
thickness for bands with pro"ections or flat bands shall be $-& mm ($@- inch) greater than the nominal
depth of the corrugation and shall be %& mm (B@J inch) for corrugated bands
A0?64 O.+5
4akum for "oints in bell and spigot pipe shall be made from hemp (Cannabis 'ativa) line# or
(enares 'unn fiber# or from a combination of these fibers ,he oakum shall be thoroughly corded and
finished and practically free from lumps# dirt and e?traneous matter
A0?6? M)#t# ()# M*)!#2 B%"* !" F)'!t*
A0?6?68 C)5$)*'t')!
2nless otherwise indicated on the Plans# masonry mortar shall be composed of one part
Portland Cement or airCentraining Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume to which
hydrated lime has been added in an amount equal to ten ($.) mass percent of the cement +n lieu of airC
entraining cement# Portland Cement may be used with an airCentraining admi?ture in accordance with the
applicable provisions of +tem /.&
5or masonry walls not e?ceeding $J m (A feet) in height# a mortar composed of one part
masonry cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume maybe substituted for the above mi?ture of
Portland Cement# lime and fine aggregate 5or other construction# masonry cement may be used if and
as shown on the Plans
A0?6?62 Mt%#'-*
1ither ,ype + or ,ype +) airCentraining Portland Cement# conforming to ))'H,4 7 J& may be
used# e?cept that when the contract contains an item for concrete under +tem /.&# the Contractor may
use the same type as is used for that work
7asonry cement shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&. = E/ ()',7 C %$)
5ine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 /& ()',7 C $//)
Hydrated lime shall meet the requirements for 0esidue# Popping and Pitting# and Water
retention shown for ,ype 6 lime in 'ection E.$B ()',7 C -.E)
Water shall conform to the requirements of +tem E$/# Water
)irCentraining agents shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.J- ))'H,4 7 $&/
()',7 C -A.)
A0?6@ C)$$%# Wt%# St)$* )# F-*0'!/*
'heet copper for water stops of flashings shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $BJ
()',7 ( $&-) for ,ype 1,P# light coldCrolled# soft anneal# unless otherwise specified in the 'pecial
Provisions
A0?6A R+,,%# Wt%# St)$*
0ubber water stops may be molded or e?truded and have a uniform crossCsection# free from
porosity or other defects# conforming to the nominal dimensions shown on the Plans )n equivalent
standard shape may be furnished# if approved by the 1ngineer
,he water stop may be compounded from natural rubber# synthetic rubber or a blend of the
two# together with other compatible materials which will produce a finished water stop meeting the
requirements of ,able E.&$ 6o reclaimed material shall be used ,he Contractor shall furnish a
certificate from the producer to show the general compositions of the material and values for the
designated properties ,he Contractors shall also furnish samples# in length adequate for making
designated tests# as ordered by the 1ngineer
A0?6B P-*t'& Wt%# St)$*
Plastic water stops shall be fabricated with a uniform crossCsection# free from porosity or
other defects# to the nominal dimensions shown on the Plans )n equivalent standard shape may be
furnished# if approved by the 1ngineer
,he material from which the water stop is fabricated shall be a homogenous## elastomeric#
plastic compound of basic polyvinyl chloride and other material which# after fabrication# will meet the
requirements tabulated herein 6o reclaimed material shall be used ,he Contractor shall furnish a
certificate from the producer# showing values for the designated properties in ,able E.&- ,he
Contractor shall furnish samples# in lengths adequate for making designated tests# as ordered by the
1ngineer
T,-% A0?68
R%9+'#%" P#)$%#t'%* !" T%*t M%t0)"*DF'!'*0%" R+,,%# Wt%# St)$
P#)$%#t2 F%"%#- T%*t M%t0)"
St!"#" N)6 @08
R%9+'#%5%!t
Hardness (by shore durometer)
B.-$ A. = E.
Compression set BB$$ 7a?imum B. percent
,ensile strength /$$$ 7inimum $E-B 7Pa (-#&..
psi)
1longation at (reaking )',7 D /$- 7inimum /&. percent
,ensile stress at B.. percent
elongation /$B$
7inimum A-. 7Pa (%.. psi)
Water absorption by mass
AAB$
7inimum & percent
,ensile strength after aging E$$$ 7inimum J. percent original
T,-% A0?62
R%9+'#%" P#)$%#t'%* !" T%*t M%t0)"*DF'!'*0%" P-*t'& Wt%# St)$
ASTM
P#)$%#t2 M%t0)" R%9+'#%5%!t*
,ensile strength D ABJ 7inimum %A/A 7Pa
($#/.. psi)
1longation at breaking D ABJ 7inimum -A. percent
Hardness (shore) D --/. A. = E&
'pecific gravity (5ederal test 7ethod 6o /.AC
&.$$)
7a?imum = ..- from
manufacturerDs value
0esistance to alkali D &/B 7a?imum weight change<
C .$. percent to L .-&
percent
Water absorption (/J hrs) D &E.
Cold bending ($) 6o cracking
*olatile loss D $-.B 6ot more than manufacturerDs
value
E days using $.K 6a4H C 7a?imum hardness change
M& (shore)# 7a?imum tensile
strength decrease< $&K
$
,he cold bend test will be made by sub"ecting a -& ? $&. ? B mm ($ ? A ? $@J inch) strip of
plastic water stop to a temperature of =-JJ
.
C (C-.
.
5) for - hours ,he strip will immediately
thereafter be bent $J. degrees around a rod of AB& mm ($@/ inch) diameter by applying
sufficient force to hold the sample in intimate contact with the rod ,he sample will then be
e?amined for evidence of cracking )t least three individual samples from each lot will be
tested and the result reported
A0?6C H)t P)+#%" P'$%DF)'!t S%-'!/ C)5$)+!"
+t shall meet the requirements of 5ederal 'pecification ''C'C$A% for the type and class
specified
A0?680 P'$%DF)'!t P&.'!/ C)5$)+!"
Packaging compounds for use with sealing compounds specified in 'ection E.&% shall be of
appropriate si!es and shall meet the requirements of 5ederal 'pecification HHCPC$$E
A0?688 P#%()#5%" P-*t'& S%-'!/ C)5$)+!"
5or concrete pipe "oints# it shall meet the requirements of 5ederal 'pecification ''C'C-$.
ITEM A0@ 7 CONCRETE3 CLAY3 PLASTIC AND FIBER PIPE
A0@68 N)!DR%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 JA ()',7 C $/) for the specified
diameters and strength classes
A0@62 R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $E. or ))'H,4 7 -/- ()',7 C
A&&) for specified diameters and strength classes
1lliptical pipe conforming to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -.E ()',7 C &.E) shall be
furnished where specified 2nless otherwise specified# pipe wall design and use of elliptical reinforced
concrete arch culvert pipe shall meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -.A ()',7 C &.A)
Precast reinforced concrete and sections shall conform to the requirements of the cited
specifications to the e?tent which they apply 0einforced concrete DCload pipe shall meet the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/- ()',7 C A&&)
A0@6: P%#()#t%" C)!&#%t% P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $E& for the specified diameters
and strength classes
A0@64 D#'! T'-%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $EJ or 7 $E% ()',7 C /) for the
specified material# diameters and quality classes
A0@6? P)#)+* C)!&#%t% P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $EA ()',7 C A&/) for the
specified diameters
A0@6@ V't#'('%" C-2 L'!%" R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% P'$%
Designs for fully lined or half lined pipes of the specified strength classes shall be submitted
by the manufacturer for approval ,he application requirements of ))'H,4 7 $E. and ))'H,4 7 A&
shall govern 3iner or liner elements# shall be clay of first quality# sound# thoroughly and perfectly burned
without warps# cracks or other imperfections and fully and smoothly salt gla!ed
A0@6A P%#()#t%" V't#'('%" C-2 P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 A&# for pipe with full circular crossC
section# for the specified diameters and strength class When specified# the bell shall have integral
spacer lugs to provide for an annular opening and selfCcentering feature
A0@6B V't#'('%" C-2 P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.AE for the specified diameters and
strength classes for circular# unperforated or perforated pipe as shown on the Plans
A0@6C C#"-% I!;%#t C-2 P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 A&
A0@680 A*,%*t)* C%5%!t P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -$E ()',7 C /-J) for the
specified diameters and strength classes
A0@688 P%#()#t%" A*,%*t)* C%5%!t P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $J% for the specified diameters
A0@682 B't+5'!'>%" F',%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $EE )',7 D $JA$ or D $JA-
A0@68: P%#()#t%" B't+5'!'>%" F',%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of 'ections E.A$- for the specified diameters
2nless otherwise specified# either ,ype + or ,ype ++ Couplings may be furnished
A0@684 R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% A#&0 C+-;%#t3 St)#5 D#'! !" S%1%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -.A ()',7 C &.A)
A0@68? R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% E--'$t'&- C+-;%#t3 St#)5 D#'! !" S%1%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -.E ()',7 C &.E)
A0@68@ R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% DD-)" C+-;%#t3 St)#5 D#'! !" S%1%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/- ()',7 C A&&)
A0@68A P-*t'& !" P)-2%t02-%!% C)##+/t%" D#'!/% P'$% )# T+,'!/
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -&-
A0@68B P#%&*t R%'!()#&%" C)!&#%t% B)< S%&t')!* ()# C+-;%#t*3 St)#5 D#'!* !" S%1%#*
,hese sections shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -&%
A0@68C A&#2-)!'t#'-%DB+t"'%!%DSt2#%!% (ABS) S%1%# P'$% !" F'tt'!/*
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of )',7 D -E&$
A0@620 A&#2-)!'t#'-%DB+t"'%!%DSt2#%!% (ABS) C)5$)*'t% S%1%# P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -A/ ()',7 D -AJ.)
A0@628 P)-2;'!2- C0-)#'"% (PVC) S%1%# P'$% !" D#'! P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 B./7 ()',7 D -E-%)
ITEM A0A 7 METAL PIPE
A0A68 C*t I#)! P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 A/ or )',7 ) E$A for the
specified diameters and strength classes 2nless otherwise specified# either smooth# corrugated or
ribbed pipe may be furnished Pipe of diameter in e?cess of $- m (/J inches) shall conform to )6'+
'tandard for Cast +ron Pit Cast Pipe for specified diameter and strength class
A0A62 C)##+/t%" I#)! )# St%%- P'$% !" P'$% A#&0%*
A0A6268 R';%t%" P'$% !" P'$% A#&0%*
,he conduit shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J for the specified
dimensions and thicknesses
A0A6262 W%-"%" P'$% !" P'$% A#&0%*
Corrugated steel pipe and pipe arches fabricated by resistance spot welding shall comply
with the applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J
A0A626: H%-'&- P'$%
2nperforated helically corrugated pipes shall conform to si!es shown on the Plans and with
the applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J
A0A6264 'pecial sections# such as elbows and fabricated flared and sections# shall conform to the
applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J
Coupling bands shall conform to ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J# e?cept that use of bands with
pro"ections (dimple bands) will be limited to end sections and to pipe laid on grades under $. percent
(ands of special design that engage factory reformed ends of corrugated pipe may be used
'teel sheets of the required compositions may be furnished with commercially produced
corrugation dimensions other than those specified in ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -/A# if shown on the Plans or
approved by the 1ngineer
A0A6: B't+5'!)+* C)t%" C)##+/t%" I#)! )# St%%- P'$% !" P'$% A#&0%*
,hese conduits# coupling bands and special sections# shall conform to the requirements of
))'H,4 7 $%. coating ,ype )# ( or C as specified Coupling bands shall be fully coated with
bituminous material
'pecial sections# such as elbows and other sections shall conform to the applicable
requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%. Coating and invert paving shall be of the type specified 5lared end
sections shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/B for the coating specified
,he 1ngineer may waive the imperviousness test for coated pipe if no separation of coating
from metal is observed
When asbestos bonded bituminous coating is specified# these requirements shall equally
apply and in addition# the special process of embedding asbestos fiber in the molten metallic bonding
medium shall be used to bond the bituminous coating )sbestosCbonded corrugated metal pipe shall be
fabricated in accordance with ))'H,4 7 BA using asbestosCbonded sheets shall be coated with a layer
of asbestos fibers pressed into the molten !inc bonding medium +mmediately after the metallic bond
has solidified# the asbestos fibers shall be thoroughly impregnated with a bituminous saturant ,he
finished sheets shall be uniformly coated and free from blisters )fter fabrication# the culvert sections
shall be treated as specified for either ,ype )# ( or C# as called for in the (id 'chedule# in accordance
with ))'H,4 7 $%. Coupling bonds shall be fully coated with bituminous material conforming to the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 $%.# ,ype ) ,he use of bands with pro"ections (dimple bands)
will be limited to end sections and to pipe laid on grades under $. percent
A0A64 C)##+/t%" I#)! )# St%%- P'$% ()# U!"%#"#'!*
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J for the specified
diameters and types 9alvani!ed metal partCcircle pipe may be used if permitted by the 'pecial
Provisions and shown in the (id 'chedule
A0A6? B't+5'!)+* C)t%" I#)! St%%- P'$% ()# U!"%#"#'!*
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 BA and 7 -$J and shall be coated
with bituminous material to meet the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%.# ,ype ) coating# e?cept that the
minimum coating thickness shall be .E& mm (..B inch) Coupling bands shall be fully coated ,he
specified minimum diameter of perforations shall apply after coating ,he 1ngineer may waive the
imperviousness test if no separation of coating from the metal is observed
A0A6@ C)##+/t%" A-+5'!+5 A--)2 C+-;%#t P'$%
,his shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%A and 7 $%E
A0A6A C)##+/t%" A-+5'!+5 A--)2 P'$% ()# U!"%#"#'!*
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.EA
A0A6B B't+5'!)+* C)t%" C)##+/t%" A-+5'!+5 A--)2 C+-;%#t P'$%
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.EA and shall be coated with
bituminous material conforming to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%. Coating and invert paving shall
be of the type specified

A0A6C B't+5'!)+* C)t%" C)##+/t%" A-+5'!+5 A--)2 P'$% U!"%#"#'!
,his pipe shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.EA and shall be coated with
bituminous material conforming to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%.# type of coating as specified
A0A680 St#+&t+#- P-t% ()# P'$%3 P'$% A#&0%* !" A#&0%*
,hese conduits and bolts and nuts for connecting plates shall conform to the requirements of
))'H,4 7 $AE
A0A688 F+-- B't+5'!)+* C)t%" St#+&t+#- P-t% P'$%3 P'$% A#&0%* !" A#&0%*
,hese conduits shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.E$. and shall be coated with
bituminous material conforming to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/B# type coating as specified
A0A682 A-+5'!+5 A--)2 St#+&t+#- P-t% ()# P'$%3 P'$% A#&0%* !" A#&0%*
,hese conduits and the bolts and nuts for connecting plates shall conform to the
requirements of ))'H,4 7 -$%
A0A68: F+-- B't+5'!)+* C)t%" A-+5'!+5 A--)2 St#+&t+#- P-t% P'$%3 P'$% A#&0%* !"
A#&0%*
,hese conduits shall conform to the requirements of 'ection E.E$- and shall be coated with
bituminous materials conforming to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%.# type of coating as specified
A0A684 P#%&)t%"3 G-;!'>%" St%%- C+-;%#t* !" U!"%#"#'!*
,hese conduits shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 -/& and 7 -/A
A0A68? S-)tt%" P'$%
'lotted pipe shall be the angle slot pipe or the grate slot type ,he type of slotted pipe to be
installed shall be at the option of the Contractor
'lot angles for the angle slot drain shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ' BA
9rate assemblies for the grate slot drain shall conform to )',7 ) BA or ) &EA 'lot angles
and grate slot assemblies shall be galvani!ed in accordance with the provisions of 'ubsection E$-.E#
5rames# 9ratings# Covers and 3adder 0ungs# of the 'tandard 'pecification 5ederal Highway Pro"ects
5PCE%
5lashing shall be commercial quality and shall be galvani!ed with 9 $A& coating designation
conforming to the provisions in )',7 ) &-& (olts and nuts shall conform to the provisions of )',7 )
B.E 'tructural tubing spacers shall conform to the provisions in )',7 ) &.$ 'aid bolts# nuts and
spacers shall be galvani!ed in accordance with the provisions of ))'H,4 7 $$$
ITEM A0B 7 CHEMICAL ADMI=TURES FOR CONCRETE
A0B68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem specifies the classification# sampling# testing# packing and marking of concrete
admi?tures +t also specifies the physical requirements for concrete with each type of chemical
admi?tures
A"5'<t+#%* C ) material# other than water# aggregates and hydraulic cement
(including blended cement) that is used as an ingredient of
concrete and is added to the batch in controlled amounts
immediately before or during mi?ing to produce some desired
modification to the properties of the concrete
A0B62 T2$%* )( C0%5'&- A"5'<t+#%* ()# C)!&#%t%
,he concrete chemical admi?ture shall be classified as follows and shall
conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $%/
a ,ype ) = )ccelerating )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that accelerates the time of setting and early strength
development of concrete
b ,ype ( = 0etarding )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that delays the time of setting of concrete
c ,ype C = WaterCreducing )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that reduces the quantity of mi?ing water required to produce
concrete of a given consistency
d ,ype D = WaterCreducing High 0ange# )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that decreases the quantity of mi?ing water required to
produce concrete of a given consistency by $- percent or greater
e ,ype 1 = WaterC0educing and )ccelerating )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that decreases the quantity of mi?ing water required to
produce concrete of a given consistency and hastens the time of setting and early
strength development of concrete
f ,ype 5 = WaterC0educing and 0etarding )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that decreases the quantity of mi?ing water required to
produce concrete of a given consistency and delays the time of setting of concrete
g ,ype 9 = WaterC0educing# High 0ange# and 0etarding )dmi?tures
)n admi?ture that decreases the quantity of mi?ing water required to
produce concrete of a given consistency of $- percent or greater and delays the
time of setting of concrete
A0B6: A'#DE!t#'!'!/ A"5'<t+#%*
)irCentraining admi?tures shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $&/ ()',7 C
-A.)
708.4 Physical Requirements
,he concrete in which each of the types of chemical admi?tures are used shall conform to the
physical requirements given in ,able $
T,-% 8 7 P02*'&- R%9+'#%5%!t* )( C0%5'&- A"5'<t+#%* ()# C)!&#%t%
A
PHYSICAL
PROPERTY
T2$% A ,ype ( ,ype C ,ype D ,ype 1 ,ype 5
(
,ype
9
(
Water Content#
percent of
control# ma?imum
%& C C %& %& JJ JJ
,ime of setting#
allowable
deviation from
control# hour
+nitial 7inimum C $. later $.
earlier
$. later $.
earlier
C $.
later
7a?imum $.
earlier
nor $&
later
B& later B&
earlier
B& later B&
earlier
$.
earlier
nor $&
later
B&
later
5inal < 7inimum C C $.
earlier
C $.
earlier
C C
7a?imum $.
earlier
nor $&
later
B& later C B& later C $.
earlier
nor $&
later
B&
later
Compressive
'trength# percent
of control
minimum<
C
$ day C C C C C $/. $-&
B days $$. %. $-& $$. $-& $-& $-&
E days $$. %. $.. $$. $$. $$& $$&
-J days $$. %. $.. $$. $$. $$. $$.
A months $.. %. %. $.. $.. $.. $..
$ year $.. %. %. $.. $.. $.. $..
5le?ural 'trength#
percent of control#
minimum<
C
B days $.. %. $$. $.. $$. $$. $$.
E days $.. %. $.. $.. $.. $.. $..
-J days $.. %. %. $.. $.. $.. $..
3ength Change#
ma?imum
shrinkage
()lternative
requirements)
D
Percent of control $B& $B& $B& $B& $B& $B& $B&
+ncrease over
Control
..$. ..$. ..$. ..$. ..$. ..$. ..$.
0elative durability
factor minimum
J. J. J. J. J. J. J.

)
,he values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results ,he ob"ects of the
%.K compressive strength for ,ype ( admi?ture is to require a level of performance comparable to
that of the reference concrete
(
+t is recommended that whenever practicable# tests may be made using cement# po!!olan#
aggregates# airCentraining admi?ture# and the mi? proportions and batching sequence when used in
nonCairCentraining and airCentrained concrete because the specific effects produced by chemical
admi?tures may vary with the properties and proportion of the other ingredients of the concrete
5or instance# types G5H and G9H admi?tures may e?hibit such higher water reduction in concrete
mi?tures having higher cement factors than B.E L CB kg@m
B
7i?tures having a high range water
reduction generally display a higher rate of slump loss When high range admi?tures are used to
impart increased workability ($& cm to -. cm slump)# the effect may be of limited duration# reverting
to the original slump in B. to A. min depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss
C
,he compressive and fle?ural strength of the concrete containing the admi?ture under test at any
test age shall be not less %.K of that attained at any previous test age ,he ob"ective of this limit
is to require that the compressive or fle?ural strength of the concrete containing the admi?ture
under test shall not decrease with age
D
,he percent of control limit applies when length change of control is ..B.K or greater> increase
over control limit applies when length change of control is less than ..B.K
1
,his requirement is applicable only when the admi?tures is to be used in airCentrained concrete
When the admi?ture is to be used in Prestressed concrete# the chloride content of the
admi?ture shall be stated and whether or not chloride has been added during its manufacture
708.5 Sampling
A0B6?68 ,he chemical admi?tures for concrete shall be sampled either by grab or composite
sampling ) grab sample is one obtained in a single operation ) composite sample is
one obtained by combining three or more grab samples
A0B6?62 L'9+'" A"5'<t+#%*
A0B6?6268 ,he grab samples taken for quality tests shall represent a unit shipment or a
single production lot 1ach grab sample shall have a volume of at least .&3 ($
pint)# a minimum of B grab samples shall be taken
A0B6?6262 3iquid admi?tures shall be agitated thoroughly immediately prior to sampling
9rab samples shall be taken from different locations and thoroughly mi?ed to
form the composite sample and the resultant mi?ture sampled to provide for at
least / litres for complete set
A0B6?626: )dmi?tures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled equally from the upper#
intermediate and lower levels by means of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or
a weighed sampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed after the
bottle is lowered to the proper depth
A0B6?6: N)!D-'9+'" A"5'<t+#%*
A0B6?6:68 ,he grab samples taken shall represent not more than - 7g (- tons) of admi?ture
and shall have a mass of at least $ kg (- lb) ) minimum of four grab samples
shall be taken
A0B6?6:62 Composite samples shall be prepared by thoroughly mi?ing the grab samples
selected and the resultant mi?ture sampled to provide at least -B kg (& lb) for
complete test
708.6 Testing
Procedures for Proportioning of Concrete 7i?tures# ,ests and Properties of 5reshly 7i?ed
Concrete# Preparation of ,est 'pecimens# ,est 'pecimens of Hardened Concrete and ,ests on
Hardened Concrete shall be in accordance with ))'H,4 7 $%/
,he Concrete containing the admi?tures shall be tested in accordance with )',7 C B%#
)',7 C $BJ# )',7 C $%-# )',7 C A$E
708.7 Packing
,he liquid admi?tures shall be packed in /# -. or -.. litre containers made of steel# plastic or
other suitable packing materials ,hese containers shall be properly sealed
,he nonCliquid admi?tures or concrete shall be packed in -&Ckilogram containers made of
steel# plastic# or other suitable packing materials ,hese containers shall be properly sealed
708.8 Marking
1ach container shall be marked with the following information<
a 6ame# form and type of the product>
b 6et mass or volume>
c 6ame and address of manufacturer and recogni!ed trademark# if any>
d 7anufacturerDs batch number and date of manufacture
e 7ade in the Philippines and#
f 0equired handling procedures
ITEM A0C 7 PAINTS
A0C68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem covers all paint materials including *ehicles# Pigment# Pastes# Driers# ,hinners and
7i?ed Paints for steel and wooden structures
A0C62 Mt%#'- R%9+'#%5%!t*
A0C6268 G%!%#-
Paint# e?cept# aluminum paint# shall consist of pigments of the required fineness and
composition ground to the desired consistency in linseed oil in a suitable grinding machine# to which shall
be added additional oil# thinner and drier as required
)luminum paint shall consist of aluminum bron!e powder or paste of the required fineness
and composition to which shall be added the specified amount of vehicle
,he paint shall be furnished for use in ready mi?ed# paste or powder form
)ll paint shall meet the following general requirements<
a ,he paint shall show no e?cessive settling and shall easily be redispersed with a paddle
to a smooth# homogenous state ,he paint shall show no curdling# livering# caking or
color separation and shall be free from lumps and skins
b ,he paint as received shall brush easily# possess good levelling properties and shall
show no running or sagging when applied to a smooth vertical surfaces
c ,he paint shall dry to a smooth uniform finish free from roughness grit# uneveness and
other imperfections
d ,he paint shall not skin within /J hours in three quarters filled closed container
e ,he paint shall show no thickening# curdling# gelling or hard caking after si? (A) months
storage in full# tightly covered container at a temperature of -$
.
C (E.
.
5)
A0C6262 ,he paint shall conform to the requirements of the indicated specifications as follows<
0ed 3ead 0eadyC7i?ed Paint ))'H,4 7 E- ,ype +# ++#
+++ and +*
)luminum Paint ))'H,4 7 A% ,ype + and ++
White U ,inted 0eadyC7i?ed Paint ))'H,4 7 E.
5oliage 9reen (ridge Paint ))'H,4 7 AE
(lack Paint for (ridges and ,imber
'tructures ))'H,4 7 AJ
(asic 3ead 'ilicon Chromate# 0eadyC
7i?ed Primer ))'H,4 7 --%
A0C626: ,he constituents parts of the paint shall meet the following specifications<
0ed 3ead (%EK PbB4/) )',7 D JB
+ron 4?ide (J&K 5e-4B) )',7 D J/
)luminum Powder and Paste )',7 D %A-
7agnesium 'ilicate )',7 D A.&
7ica Pigment )',7 D A.E
,itanium Dio?ide )',7 D /EA
Chrome :ellow )',7 D -$$
Calcium Carbonate )',7 D $$%%
(asic 3eadC'ilicon Chromate )',7 D $ABJ
(asic Carbonate White 3ead )',7 D J$
Vinc 4?ide )',7 D E%
Chrome 4?ide 9reen )',7 D -AB
Carbon (lack )',7 D &A$
3ampblack )',7 D -.%
Prussian (lue )',7 D -A$
(oiled 3inseed 4il )',7 D -A.
0aw 3inseed 4il )',7 D -B/
Pale Heat (odied 3inseed 4il 5ed 'pec ,,C.CBAE
)lkyd 0esin 5ed 'pec ,,C0C-AA
7ineral 'pirit )',7 D -B&
Driers )',7 D A..
,urpentine )',7 D $B
A0C6264 D#'%#
,hese specifications cover both straight oil drier (material free from resins and GgumsH)# and
;apan drier (material containing varnish GgumsH) ,he drier shall be composed of lead manganese# or
cobalt# or a mi?ture of any of these elements# combined with a suitable fatty oil# with or without resins of
GgumsH and mineral spirits of turpentine# or a mi?ture of these solvents ,he drier shall conform to the
following requirements<
a A$$%#!&% = 5ree from sediment and suspended matter
b F-*0 P)'!t = (,ag close cup) not less than B.
.
C (JA
.
5)
c E-*t'&'t2 = ,he drier when flowed on metal and baked for - hours at $..
.
C (-$-
.
5)
shall have an elastic film
d D#2'!/ = +t shall mi? with pure raw linseed oil in the proportion of $ volume of drier to $%
volumes of oil without curdling# and the resulting mi?ture when flowed on glass shall dry
in not more than $J hours
d C)-)# = When mi?ed with pure# raw linseed oil in the proportion of $ volume of drier to
J volumes of oil# the resulting mi?ture shall be darker than a solution of A g of
potassium dichromate in $B cc of pure sulfuric acid (sp gr $J/)
A0C6: P#)$)#t')! ()# M'<'!/
+t is the intent of these 'pecifications to provide a paint of proper brushing consistency# which
will not run# streak or sag and which will have satisfactory drying qualities
A0C6:68 A-+5'!+5 P'!t3 F'%-" C)t* )! St#+&t+#- St%%-
,he paint shall be mi?ed in the proportion of .-/- kg of aluminum powder of paste per litre
of vehicle of long oil spar varnish (- lb@gal) producing a paint containing -$ mass percent pigment and E%
percent vehicle ,he weighed amount of powder or paste shall be placed in a suitable mi?ing container
and the measured volume of vehicle then poured over it ,he paste or powder shall be incorporated in
the paint by vigorous stirring with a paddle ,he powder or paste will readily disperse in the vehicle
(efore removing any paint from the container# the paint shall be thoroughly stirred to insure a uniform
mi?ture and the paint shall be suitably stirred during the use ,he amount of paint enough for one dayDs
use only shall be mi?ed at one time
When two field coats of aluminum paint are specified# the first coat shall be tinted with
lampblack paste or Prussian blue paste in the quantity of ..-/ kg@3 or more ($@& lb@gal) of paints ,he
e?act quantity used shall be sufficient to give a contrast in color which can be readily distinguished
When three field coats of aluminum paint are specified the second coat shall be tinted
A0C6:62 A-+5'!+5 P'!t3 F'%-" C)t* )! C#%)*)t%" T'5,%#
,his paint shall be mi?ed as specified for )luminum Paint for 'tructural 'teel e?cept that the
proportions shall be .-E- kg of aluminum powder or paste per litre of vehicle (-C$@- lb@gal)
4ther paint composition may be used when and as stipulated in the 'pecial Provisions
A0C64 C)!t'!%#* !" M#.'!/*
)ll paints shall be shipped in strong# substantial containers plainly marked with mass# color
and volume in litres of the paint content# a true statement of the percentage composition of the pigment#
the proportions of the pigment to vehicle# the name and address of the manufacturers and the stencil of
the authori!ed inspecting agency )ny package or container not so marked will not be accepted for use
under this 'pecification

ITEM A80 7 REINFORCING STEEL AND WIRE ROPE
A8068 R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
0einforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of the following 'pecifications<
Deformed (illetC'teel (ars
for Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 B$ ()',7 ) A$&)
Deformed 'teel Wire
for Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 --& ()',7 ) /%A)
Welded 'teel Wire 5abric
for Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 && ()',7 ) $J&)
ColdCDrawn 'teel Wire
for Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 B- ()',7 ) J-)
5abricated 'teel (ar or 0od 7ats
for Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 &/ ()',7 ) $J/)
Welded Deformed 'teel Wire 5abric
of Concrete 0einforcement
))'H,4 7 --$ ()',7 ) /%E)
Plastic Coated Dowel (ars ))'H,4 7 -&/ ,ype )
3ow )lloy 'teel Deformed (ars
for Concrete 0einforcement
)',7 ) -.A
(ar reinforcement for concrete structures# e?cept 6o - bars shall be deformed in accordance
with ))'H,4 7 /-# 7 B$ and 7 &B for 6os B through $$
Dowel and tie bars shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 B$ or ))'H,4 7 /-
e?cept that rail steel shall not be used for tie bars that are to be bent and restraightened during
construction ,ie bars shall be deformed bars Dowel bars shall be plain round bars ,hey shall be
free from burring or other deformation restricting slippage in the concrete (efore delivery to the site of
the work# a minimum of one half ($@-) the length of each dowel bar shall be painted with one coat of
approved lead or tar paint
,he sleeves for dowel bars shall be metal of an approved design to cover &. mm (- inches)#
plus or minus AB mm of the dowel# with a closed end# and with a suitable stop to hold the end of the
sleeve at least -& mm ($ inch) from the end of the dowel bar 'leeves shall be of such design that they
do not collapse during construction
Plastic coated dowel bar conforming to ))'H,4 7 -&/ may be used
A8062 W'#% R)$% )# W'#% C,-%
,he wire rope or wire cable shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 B. for the
specified diameter and strength class
A806: P#%*t#%**'!/ R%'!()#&'!/ St%%-
Prestressing reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of the following
'pecifications<
HighCtensile wire ))'H,4 7 -./ ()',7 ) /-$)
HighCtensile wire strand or rope ))'H,4 7 -.B ()',7 ) /$A)
HighCtensile alloy bars as follows<
HighCtensileCstrength alloy bars shall be cold stretched to a minimum of J%&E 7Pa (B.#...
psi) ,he resultant physical properties shall be as follows<
7inimum ultimate tensile
strength $... 7Pa ($/&#... psi) followed by stress
relieving
7inimum yield strength#
measured by the .E percent
e?tension under load method
shall not be less than J%&E 7Pa ($B.#... psi)
7inimum modulus of elasticity -&#...#...
7inimum elongation in -. bar
diameters after rupture / percent
Diameters tolerance L.EA- mm = .-&/ mm
(L..BHC..$H)
+f shown on the Plans# type -E. k strand shall be used# conforming to ))'H,4 7 -.B
ITEM A88 7 FENCE AND GUARDRAIL
A8868 B#,%" W'#%
9alvani!ed barbed wire of the coating class specified shall conform to the requirements of
)',7 ) $-$
)luminum coated barbed wire shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) &J&# with ,ype +
()luminum Coated) or ,ype ++ ()luminum )lloy) barbs at the option of the manufacturer
A8862 W);%! W'#%
9alvani!ed woven wire fence of the coating class specified shall conform to the requirements
of )',7 ) $$A )luminum coated woven wire fence shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) &J/
A886: C0'! L'!. F%!&%
Chain link fabric and the required fittings and hardware shall conform to ))'H,4 7 $J$# for
the kind of metal# coating# si!e of wire and mesh specified
9alvani!ed coiled spring steel tension wire shall be E (.$EE inch) gauge# conforming to
)',7 ) A/$ hard temper# with Class B coating unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings
)lumini!ed coil spring steel tension wire shall also be E (.$EE inch) gauge# hard temper#
having a minimum coating mass of .$- kg@m
-
(./. o!@ft
-
) of aluminum
A8864 M%t- B%5 R'-
'teel rail elements shall be corrugated sheet steel conforming to the requirements of
))'H,4 7 $J. of the designated class and type
A886? T'5,%# R'-
,he timber rail shall be cut from the specified grade of dry# well seasoned and dressed timber
stock of the species specified# which shall meet the applicable requirements of ))'H,4 7 $AJ
Where preservative treatment is specified# this shall conform to the requirements of 'ection
E$BB
0ustic rails shall be straight# sound and free of in"urious defects and shall have been cut from
live trees not less than B. days but not more than $ year before use ,hey shall have been stripped of
bark before seasoning or shall have been stored under water +mmediately before the logs are used in
the work# all knots and pro"ections shall be trimmed and smooth and# if water cured# all barks shall be
peeled 'light curvature of GwindH to give a pleasing appearance to the structure will be permitted
3ogs of only one specie shall be used in the construction of any one continuous length of guardrail
A886@ F%!&% P)*t*
Wood posts shall conform to the details and dimensions indicated on the Plans )ll wood
posts shall be sound# seasoned wood# peeled and with ends cut square or as indicated ,he posts shall
be straight and all knots trimmed flush with surface Where treated posts are called for# the kind and
type of treatment shall conform to that indicated on the Plans When red cedar posts or bracing is
furnished# the requirements for peeling may be omitted
)ll dimensions timber and lumber required for fences or gates shall be sound# straight and
reasonably free from knots# splits and shakes +t shall be of the species and grades indicated on the
Plans and shall be dressed and finished on four sides
Concrete posts shall be made of concrete conforming to the specified requirements of
concrete# for the class specified# and shall contain steel reinforcement as shown on the Plans#
conforming to the requirements of +tem E$.# 0einforcing 'teel and Wire 0ope
'teel posts for lineCtype fencing shall conform to )',7 ) E.-
'teel posts shall be galvani!ed in accordance with ))'H,4 7 $$$ e?cept that tubular steel
posts shall be galvani!ed in accordance with )',7 ) $-. 5ittings# hardware and other appurtenances
not specifically covered by the Plans and 'pecifications# shall be galvani!ed in accordance with )',7 )
$-. and shall be standard commercial grade# and in accordance with current standard practice
Weathering steel posts conforming to the requirements of )',7 ) &&J# shall be furnished
when specified
)luminum alloy posts shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $J$
A886A G+#"#'- P)*t
9uardrail post shall conform to the applicable standards contained in ))'H,4C)9CC)0,()
G) 9uide to 'tandardi!ed Highway (arrier 0ail HardwareH
A886B G+#"#'- H#"1#%
9uardrail hardware shall conform to the applicable standards contained in ))'H,4C)9CC
)0,() G) 9uide to 'tandardi!ed Highway (arrier 0ail HardwareH
A886C B)< B%5 R'-
'teel bo? rail elements shall conform to the applicable standards contained in ))'H,4C
)9CC)0,()H 9uide to 'tandardi!ed Highway (arrier 0ail HardwareH
ITEM A82 7 STRUCTURAL METAL
A8268 St#+&t+#- St%%-*
A826868 G%!%#-
'teel shall be furnished according to the following 'pecifications 2nless otherwise
specified# structural carbon rivet steel shall be furnished
A826862 St#+&t+#- St%%-
a Carbon 'teel 2nless otherwise specified# structural carbon steel for riveted# bolted or
welded construction shall conform to 'tructural 'teel# ))'H,4 7 $JB
b 1yebars 'teel for eyebars shall be of a weldable grade ,his grade includes
structural steel conforming to< 'tructural 'teel# ))'H,4 7 $JB> Highway 'trength 3ow
)lloy 'tructural 'teel with B//& 7Pa (&.#... psi) 7inimum :ield Point to $.. mm (/
inches) thick# ))'H,4 7 --- ()',7 ) &JJ with 'upplementary 0equirement '+ of
))'H,4 7 --- mandatory)
A82686: H'/0DSt#%!/t0 L)1 A--)2 St#+&t+#- St%%-
+t shall conform to< HighC'trength 3owC)lloy ColumbiumC*anadium 'teels of 'tructural
Fuality# ))'H,4 7 --B# HighC'trength 3ow )lloy 'tructural 'teel with B//& 7Pa (&.#... psi) 7inimum
:ield Point to $.. mm (/ inches) thick# ))'H,4 7 ---
A826864 H'/0DSt#%!/t0 L)1 A--)2 St#+&t+#- St%%- ()# W%-"'!/
+t shall conform to<
a HighC'trength 3ow ColumbiumC*anadium 'teels of 'tructural Fuality# 9rade &.#
))'H,4 7 --B ()',7 ) &E- with supplementary requirements '- of ))'H,4 7 --B
mandatory)
b HighC'trength 3ow )lloy 'tructural 'teel with B//& 7Pa (&.#... psi) 7inimum :ield
Point to $.. mm (/ inches) thick# ))'H,4 7 --- ()',7 ) &JJ in 'upplementary
0equirement '$ of ))'H,4 7 --- mandatory)
A82686? H'/0DSt#%!/t0 St#+&t+#- St%%- ()# R';%t%" )# B)-t%" C)!*t#+&t')!
+t shall conform to<
a HighC'trength 3ow )lloy Columbium = *anadium 'teel of 'tructural Fuality# and
))'H,4 7 --B
b HighC'trength 3ow )lloy 'tructural 'teel with B//& 7Pa (&.#... psi) 7inimum :ield
Point to $..mm (/ inches) thick# ))'H,4 7 ---
A82686@ H'/0DY'%-" St#%!/t03 Q+%!&0%" !" T%5$%#%" A--)2 St%%- P-t%
+t shall conform to<
a HighC:ield 'trength# Fuenched and ,empered )lloy 'teel Plate# suitable for welding#
)',7 ) &$/
b HighC'trength )lloy 'teel Plates# Fuenched and ,empered for pressure vessels#
)',7 ) &$E
c Fuenched and tempered alloy steel structural shapes and seamless mechanical
tubing meeting all the mechanical and chemical requirements of ) &$/@) &$E steel#
e?cept that the specified ma?imum tensile strength may be %A/A 7Pa ($/.#... psi)
for structural shapes and %%%.& 7Pa ($/&#... psi) for seamless mechanical tubing
shall be considered as ) &$/@) &$E steel
A82686A St#+&t+#- R';%t St%%-
+t shall conform to 'teel 'tructural 0ivets ))'H,4 7 --J# 9rade + ()',7 ) &.-# 9rade +)
A82686B H'/0DSt#%!/t0 St#+&t+#- R';%t St%%-
+t shall conform to 'teel 'tructural 0ivets ))'H,4 7 --J# 9rade - ()',7 ) &.-# 9rade -)
A82686C H'/0DSt#%!/t0 B)-t*
(olts# nuts circular washers shall conform to HighC'trength (olts for 'tructural 'teel ;oints#
including 'uitable 6uts and Plain Hardened Washer# ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&)
HighCstrength bolts for structural steel "oints including suitable nuts and plain hardened
washers shall conform to either ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) or ))'H,4 7 -&B When 7 $A/ type B
bolts are specified# they along with suitable nuts and washers shall have an atmospheric corrosion
resistance appro?imately two times that of carbon steel with copper
(olts and nuts manufactured to ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) are identified by proper
marking as specified on the top of the bolt heads and on one face of the nuts for three different types
(olts manufactured to ))'H,4 7 -&B shall be identified by marking on the top of the head
with the symbol ) /%. and the nuts shall be marked on one face with the legend G-HH or GDHH
(olt and nut dimensions shall conform to the dimensions shown in ,able E$-$ and to the
requirements for Heavy He?agon 'tructural (olts and for Heavy 'emiC5inished He?agon 6uts given in
)6'+ 'tandard ( $J-$ and ( $J--# respectively
Circular washers shall be flat and smooth and their nominal dimensions shall conform to the
dimensions given in ,able E$-- e?cept that for lock pin and collar fasteners# flat washers need not be
used# unless slotted or oversi!ed holes are specified
(evelled washers for )merican 'tandard (eams and Channels or other sloping faces shall
be required and shall be square or rectangular# shall taper in thickness# and shall conform to the
dimensions given in ,able E$--
When necessary# washer may be clipped on one side to a point not closer than .JE& (E@J) of
the bolt diameter from the center of the washer
4ther fasteners or fasteners assemblies which meet the 7aterials# 7anufacturing# and
Chemical Composition requirements of ))'H,4 7 $A/ ()',7 ) B-&) or ))'H,4 7 -&B and which
meet the 7echanical Property requirements of the same specification in fullCsi!e tests and which have
body diameter and bearing areas under the head and nut# or other equivalent# not less than those
provided by a bolt and nut of the same nominal dimensions prescribed in the previous paragraph# may
be used 'uch alternate fasteners may differ in other dimensions from those of the specified bolts and
nuts ,heir installation procedure may differ from those specified in ))'H,4 (ridge 'pecification
)rticle -$.-. (D) and their inspection may differ from that specified in )rticle -$.-. (1) When a
different installation procedure or inspection is used# it shall be detailed in a supplemental specification
applying to the alternate fastener and that specification must be approved by the 1ngineer
'ub"ect to the approval of the 1ngineer# high strength steel lockCpin and collar fasteners may
be used as an alternate for high strength bolts or rivets as shown on the Plans ,he shank and head of
the high strength steel lockCpin and collar fasteners shall meet the requirements of the preceding
paragraph 1ach fasteners shall provide a solid shank body of sufficient diameter to provide tensile and
shear strength equivalent to or greater than the bolt or rivet specified# shall have a cold forged head on
one end# of type and dimensions as approved by the 1ngineer# a shank length suitable for material
thickness fastened# locking grooved# break neck groove and pull grooves (all annular grooves) on the
opposite end 1ach fasteners shall provide a steel locking collar of proper si!e for shank diameter used
which by means of suitable installation tools# is cold swaged into the locking grooves forming a head for
the grooved end of the fastener after the pull groove section has been removed ,he steel locking collar
shall be a standard product of an established manufacturer of lockCpin and collar fasteners# as approved
by the 1ngineer
A8268680 C)$$%# B%#'!/ St%%-*
When copper bearing steel is specified# the steel shall contain not less than .- percent of
copper
A8262 F)#/'!/*
'teel forgings shall conform to the specifications for 'teel 5orgings# Carbon and )lloy# for
9eneral +ndustrial 2se# ))'H,4 7 $.-# ()',7 ) AAJ# Classes C# D# 5 U 9)
A826: P'!* !" R)--%#*
Pins and rollers more than --JA mm (% inches) in diameter shall be annealed carbonCsteel
forgings conforming to ))'H,4 7 $.-# Class C$
Pins and rollers --JA mm (% inches) or less in diameter shall be either annealed carbonC
steel forgings conforming to ))'H,4 7 $.- ()',7 ) AAJ)# Class C$ or cold finished carbonCsteel
shafting conforming to ))'H,4 7 $A%# grade $.$A to $.B. ()',7 ) $.J) inclusive# with a minimum
0ockwell 'cale ( Hardness of J& 7aterial not meeting the specifications for hardness maybe accepted
provided it develops a tensile strength of /J-B 7Pa (E.#... psi) and a yield point of -/J./ 7Pa
(BA#... psi)
,hreads for pins shall conform to the )6'+ ($$ Coarse ,hread 'eries# Class -) Pin ends
having a diameter of B&mm ($ B@J inches) or more shall be threaded si? threads to the inch
T,-% A8268 7 N)5'!- B)-t !" N+t D'5%!*')!*
6ominal
(olt 'i!e
(Diameter)
mm (inch)
Heavy He?agon 'tructural
(olts Dimensions in mm (inches)
Heavy 'emiC5inished
He?agonal 6uts
Dimensions in mm (inches)
Width of Height ,hread Width
Head )cross of 3ength )cross Height
5lats Head 5lats
$- ($@-) -$ (E@J) E (&@$A) -& ($) -$ (E@J) $- (B$@A/)
$& (&@J) -A ($C$@$A) % (-&@A/) B$ ($C$@/) -A ($C$@A) $& (B%@A/)
$J (B@/) B$ ($C$@/) $$ ($&@B-) B/ ($CB@J) B$ ($C$@/) $J (/E@A/)
-$ (E@J) B& ($CE@$A) $B (B&@A/) BE ($C$@-) B& ($CE@$A) -$ (&&@A/)
-& ($) /. ($C&@J) $& (B%@A/) /B ($CB@/) /. ($C&@J) -/ (AB@A/)
-J ($C$@J) /& ($C$B@$A) $E ($$@$A) &. (-) /& ($C$B@$A) -E ($CE@A/)
B$ ($C$@/) &. (-) $% (-&@B-) &. (-) &. (-) B. ($CE@B-)
B/ ($CB@J) &/ (-CB@$A) -$ (-E@B-) &A (-C$@/) &/ (-CBC$A) BB ($C$$@B-)
BE ($C$@-) &% (-CB@J) -B ($&@$A) &A (-C$@/) &% (-CB@J) BA ($C$&@B-)
T,-% A8262 7 N)5'!- W*0%# D'5%!*')!*

Circular Washer
'quare or 0ectangular (evelled
Washers for )merican 'tandard
(eams and Channels
(olt 'i!e
Diameter
mm (inch)
6ominal
4utside
Diameter
b
mm (inch)
6ominal
Diameter
of Hole
,hickness 7inimum
'ide
Dimension
7ean
,hickne
ss
'lope or
,aper in
,hicknes
s
7inimum 7a?imum
$- ($@-) -A ($C$@$A) $B($E@B-) - (.$EE) / (.$EE) /B ($CB@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
$& (&@J) B- ($C&@$A) $A (-$@B-) B (.$--) / (.$EE) /B ($CB@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
$% (B@/) BA ($C
$&@B-)
-. ($B@$A) B (.$--) / (.$EE) /B ($CB@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
-- (E@J) /B ($CB@/) -B ($&@$A) B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B ($CB@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
-& ($) &. (-) -A ($C
$@$A)
B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B ($CB@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
-J ($C$@J) &A (-C$@/) B$ ($C$@/) B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B (-C$@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
B$ ($C$@/) A- (-C$@-) B/ ($CB@J) B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B (-C$@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
B/ ($CB@J) AJ (-CB@/) BE ($C$@-) B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B (-C$@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
BE ($C$@-) E& (B) /. ($C&@J) B (.$BA) / (.$EE) /B (-C$@/) E (&@$A) /. ($A)
/B ($CB@/) J/ (BCB@J) /A ($CE@J)
C
/(.$EJ)
c
E(.-J) C C C
&. (-) %B (BCB@/) &B (-C$@J) / (.$EJ) E (.-J) C C C
4ver &.
to $.. (-
to /) incl
-DC$-
($@-)
DLB ($@J)
d
A(.-/)
d
J (.B/) C C C
a
Dimensions in mm (inches)
b
7ay be e?ceeded by A mm ($@/ inch)
c
/ mm (B@$A in) nominal
d
A mm ($@/ in) nominal
A8264 C*t'!/*
Castings shall conform to the requirements of the following 'pecifications<
'teel castings for Highway (ridgesC))'H,4 7 $%-# Class E. shall be furnished unless
otherwise specified
Chromium )lloy 'teel CastingsC))'H,4 7 $AB ()',7 ) -%A)# 9rade C)C$& shall be
furnished unless otherwise specified
9ray +ron Castings = ))'H,4 7 $.& Class 6o B. shall be furnished unless otherwise
specified +ron castings shall be true to pattern in form and dimensions# free from pouring faults#
sponginess# cracks# blow holes# and other defects in position affecting their strength and value for the
service intended Casting shall be boldly filleted at angles and the arises shall be sharp and perfect )ll
castings must be sandblasted or otherwise effectively cleaned of seals and sand so as to present a
smooth# clean and uniform surface
7alleable Castings = )',7 ) /E 9rade 6o B&.$J shall be furnished unless otherwise
specified ,he requirements for workmanship# finishing# and cleaning shall be the same as above for
gray iron castings
A826? St%%- G#'" F-))#*
)ll steel for grid floors shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $JB or ))'H,4 7
--- 'teel grid floors can be weathering steel# galvani!ed or painted 2nless the floors are of
weathering steel or galvani!ed# the material shall have a minimum copper content of .-K
2nless painting of floors is specified in the 'pecial Provisions# open type floors shall be
galvani!ed
A826@ St%%- P'$%
+t shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ) &B# )',7 ) $-. ))'H,4 7 --- and )',7
) A$J# as shown on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions
'tandard weight pipe shall be furnished unless otherwise shown on the Plans or in the
'pecial Provisions
A826A G-;!'>%" M%t-
When galvani!ed structural steel shapes# plates# bars and their products are specified# they
shall be galvani!ed in accordance with the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $$$
A826B S0%%t L%"
+t shall conform to the requirements of )',7 ( -% for common desilveri!ed lead
,he sheets shall be of uniform thickness and shall be free from cracks# seams# slivers# scale
and other defects 2nless otherwise specified# lead sheets shall be BJ mm ($@J inch) in thickness with
a permissible tolerance of .E& mm (..B inch) plus or minus
A826C W%-"%" St+" S0%# C)!!%&t)#*
'hear connector studs shall conform to the requirements of ))'H,4 7 $A% ()',7 ) $.J)
for cold finished carbon steel bars and shafting# cold drawn bar# 9rades $.$&# $.$J or $.-.# either semiC
skilled or fullyCskilled +f flu? retaining caps are used# the steel for the caps shall be of a low carbon
grade suitable for welding and shall comply with )',7 ) $.% for cold rolled carbon steel strip
,ensile properties as determined by tests of bar stock after drawing or of finished studs shall
conform to the following requirements<
,ensile strength (minimum) /$B/ 7Pa (A.#... psi)
:ield strengthR (minimum) B//& 7Ps (&.#... psi)
1longation (minimum) -. percent in &. mm (- in)
0eduction in area (minimum) &. percent
R )s determined by .- percent offset method
,ensile properties shall be determined in accordance with applicable sections of )',7 ) BE.
for mechanical testing of steel products ,ensile tests of finished studs shall be made on studs welded
to test plates using a test fi?ture with dimensions similar to those shown in ,able E$-B
+n fracture occurs outside the middle half of the gage length# the test shall be repeated
5inished studs shall be of uniform quality and conditions# free from in"urious laps# fins# seams#
cracks# twists# bends or other in"urious defects 5inish shall be produced by cold drawing# cold rolling or
machining
,he studs shall conform to the dimensions given in ,able E$-B
,he Contractor shall furnish the manufacturerDs certification that the studs as delivered are in
accordance with the material requirements of this +tem Certified copies of inCplant quality control test
reports shall be furnished to the 1ngineer upon request
T,-% A826: 7 W%-"%" St+" S0%# C)!!%&t)#
St!"#" D'5%!*')!* !" T)-%#!&%* 55 ('!&0%*)
'hank Head
Diameter (c) 3engthR (3) Diameter (H) ,hickness (,)
$%.& L ... $.$A L $&E& (L..A-) B$E& L ./. %&B
(B@/) C .BJ$ (/) = B$E& ($C$@/) M ($@A/) (B@J) min
(C..$&) (C.$-&)
---B L .... $.$A L $&E& (L.A-) B/%B M ./. %&B
(E@J) C .BJ$ (/) = B$E& ($CB@J) M ($@A/) (B@J) min
(C..$&) (C.-&)
R 3ength includes thickness of head 'tandard length is $.$A mm (/ inches) but other lengths
may be obtained by special order
ITEM A8: 7 TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER
A8:68 G%!%#- R%9+'#%5%!t*
A8:6868 T'5,%#
+t shall be of the species specified on the Plans 2nless otherwise noted on the Plans or in
the 'pecial Provisions only the best grade shall be used +t shall be free from loose knots# splits# worn
holes# decay# warp# ring separation or any defects which will impair its strength or render it unfit for its
intended use )ny specie specified on the Plans may be used for untreated timber and if that specie is
not available# a specie of equivalent strength and durability maybe used if authori!ed by the 1ngineer +f
the timber is to be treated# only those species shall be used which are known to posses properties which
make them favorable to treatment
A8:6862 P'!t*
When painting of timber is required# the paint shall conform to the requirements of +tem E.%#
Paints
A8:686: P#%*%#;t';%*
+t shall be creosote oil or creosoteCpetroleum oil blend as called for on the Plans or by the
'pecial Provisions and shall conform to the 'pecification for timber preservative of ))'H,4 7 $BB
When timber is intended for marine use# the creosote petroleum oil blend shall not be used
A8:62 U!t#%t%" St#+&t+#- T'5,%# !" L+5,%#
'tructural timber# lumber and piling shall conform to the applicable requirements of
))'H,4 7 $AJ or equivalent 6o bo?ed heart pieces of Douglas fir or redwood shall be used in
outside stringers# floor beams# caps# posts# sills or rail posts (o?ed heart pieces are defined as timber
so sawed that any point in the length of a sawed piece# the pith lies entirely inside the four faces
:ard lumber shall be of the kinds and grade called for on the Plans 0ound poles and
posts shall be of the kinds indicated on the Plans
A8:6: T#%t%" St#+&t+#- T'5,%# !" L+5,%#
'tructural timber# lumber and piling to be treated shall conform to the applicable
requirements of ))'H,4 7 $AJ and 7 $BB or equivalent
,he type of treatment to be used will be shown on the Plans or in the 'pecial Provisions
and shall conform to the applicable requirements of )WP) standard C$ and C$/ or equivalent
ITEM A84 7 WATER
A8468 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem covers criteria for acceptance of Fuestionable Water either natural or wash water
for use in concrete
A8462 R%9+'#%5%!t*
,he mi?ing water shall be clear and apparently clean +f it contains quantities or
substances that discolor it or make it smell or taste unusual or ob"ectionable# or cause suspicion# it shall
not be used unless service records of concrete made with it (or other information) indicated that it is not
in"urious to the quality# shall be sub"ect to the acceptance criteria as shown in ,able E$/$ and ,able
E$/- or as designated by the purchaser
When wash water is permitted# the producer will provide satisfactory proof or data of nonC
detrimental effects if potentially reactive aggregates are to be used 2se of wash water will be
discontinued if undesirable reactions with admi?tures or aggregates occur
T,-% A8468
A&&%$t!&% C#'t%#' F)# Q+%*t')!,-% Wt%# S+$$-'%*
3imits
Compressive strength# min K
Control at E days %.
,ime of 'etting deviation from control from $<.. earlier to $<B. later
,ime of 'etting (9illmore ,est)
+nitial
5inal 'et
6o marked change
6o marked change
)ppearance Clear
Color Colorless
4dor 4dorless
,otal 'olids &.. parts@million ma?
PH value /& to J&
T,-% A8462
C0%5'&- L'5'tt')! ()# W*0 Wt%#
3imits
Chemical 0equirements# 7inimum
Concentration
Chloride as C$
(C$)
e?pressed as a mass
percent of cement when added to the C$
(C$)
in the other components of the concrete
mi?tures shall not e?ceed the following
levels<
$ Prestressed Concrete ..A percent
- Conventionally reinforced concrete
in a moist environment and e?posed
to chloride .$. percent
B Conventionally reinforced concrete
in a moist environment but not
e?posed to chloride .$& percent
/ )bove ground building construction
where the concrete will stay dry 6o limit for corrosion
'ulfate as '4/# ppm
)
B...
)lkalies as (6a-4 L .A&J 8-4)# ppm A..
,otal 'olids# ppm &....
)
Wash water reused as mi?ing water in concrete may e?ceed the listed concentrations of sulfate
if it can be shown that the concentration calculated in the total mi?ing water# including mi?ing
water on the aggregate and other sources# does not e?ceed that stated limits
Water will be tested in accordance with# and shall meet the suggested requirements of
))'H,4 , -A
Water known to be of potable quality may be used without test
ITEM A8? 7 GEOTE=TILES
A8?68 D%*&#'$t')!
,his +tem covers geote?tile fabrics for use in subsurface drainage# hydraulic filter# erosion
control# sediment control# pavement structures as a waterproofing and stress relieving membrane# and
as a permeable separator to prevent mi?ing of dissimilar materials such as foundations and select fill
materials
A8?62 P02*'&- !" C0%5'&- R%9+'#%5%!t*
5ibers used in the manufacture of geote?tiles# and the threads used in "oining geote?tiles by
sewing# shall consist of longCchain synthetic polymers# composed of at least J& percent by mass
polyolefins# polyesters# or polyamids ,hey shall be formed into a network such that the filaments or
yarns rertain dimensional stability relative to each other# including selvedges ,hese materials shall
conform to the physical requirements of ,able $ for the indicated application 9uidelines for the
survivability levels referred to under G'eparationH in ,able $ are included in ,able -
A8?6: S5$-'!/ !" T%*t'!/
,he product shall be sub"ect to sampling and testing 'ampling shall be done in
accordance with )',7 D /B&/ and testing procedures shall be in accordance with the methods given
in ,able $
A8?64 C%#t'('&t')!
A8?6468 M!+(&t+#%#M* C%#t'('&t%
,he manufacturer shall file with the purchaser a certificate stating the name of the
manufacturer# the chemical composition of the filaments or yarns# and other pertinent information so as
to fully describe the geote?tile ,he manufacturer shall include in the certificate a guarantee stating
that the geote?tile that is furnished meets the requirements of the specification ,he certificate shall be
attested to by a person having legal authority to bind the company 1ither mismarking or
misrepresentation by the manufacturer shall be reason to discontinue acceptance under these
specifications 6otice sent to the manufacturer by the purchaser regarding the discontinuance of
acceptance will be considered to be notice to all wholesalers# "obbers# distributors# agents and other
intermediaries handling the manufacturerDs product
A8?6? Q+-'t2 C)!t#)-
,he geote?tile manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control
program so as to assure compliance with the requirements of this specification
A8?6@ S0'$5%!t !" St)#/%
A8?6@68 During periods of shipment and storage# the fabric shall be protected from direct sunlight#
ultraCviolet rays# temperatures greater than A.
.
C ($/.
.
5)# mud# dust# and debris ,o the e?tent
possible# the fabric shall be maintained wrapped in a heavyCduty protective covering 1ach shipping
document shall include a notation certifying that the geote?tile is in accordance with the manufacturerDs
certificate and guarantee previously filed with the purchaser
A8?6@62 P#)"+&t M#.'!/
3abel the fabric and its container with the manufacturerDs name fabric type or trade name#
lot number and quantity
A8?6A I!*t--t')!
A8?6A68 S%$#t')! G%)t%<t'-%
,he geote?tile shall be unrolled as smoothly as possible on the prepared subgrade in the
direction of construction traffic )d"acent geote?tile rolls shall be overlapped in the direction of subbase
placement using the guidelines in ,able B 'ewing is recommended where subgrade soils have a C(0
value less than $ ,he geote?tile maybe held in place prior to subbase placement by pins# staples# or
piles of fill or rock 4n curves# the geote?tile maybe folded or cut to conform to the curve ,he fold or
overlap shall be in the direction of construction and held in place as prescribed above
A8?6A62 D#'!/% G%)t%<t'-%
+n trenches# after placing the backfill material# the geote?tile shall be folded over the top of
the filter material to produce a minimum overlap of $- inches for trenches greater than $- inches wide
+n trenches less than $- inches in width# the overlap shall be equal to the width of the trench ,he
geote?tile shall then be covered with the subsequent course 'uccessive sheets of geote?tile shall be
overlapped a minimum of $- inches in the direction of flow
A8?6A6: E#)*')! C)!t#)- G%)t%<t'-%
,he geote?tile shall be placed and anchored on a smooth graded surface approved by the
1ngineer ,he geote?tile shall be placed in such a manner that placement of the overlying materials
will not e?cessively stretch or tear the fabric )nchoring of the terminal ends of the geote?tile shall be
accomplished through the use of key trenches or aprons at the crest and toe of slope +n certain
applications to e?pedite construction# $J inches long anchoring pins placed on - to A feet centers
depending on the slope of the covered area have been used successfully
A8?6A64 P;'!/ F,#'&
,he fabric shall be placed into the asphalt sealant with minimum wrinkling prior to the time
the asphalt has cooled and lost tackiness )s directed by the 1ngineer# wrinklers or folds in e?cess of
$ inch shall be slit and laid flat (rooming and@or pneumatic rolling will be required to ma?imi!e fabric
contact with the pavement surface 4verlap of fabric "oints shall be sufficient to ensure full closure of
the "oint# but should not e?ceed A inches ,ransverse "oints shall be lapped in the direction of paving to
prevent edge pickup by the paver ) second application of asphalt sealant to fabric overlaps will be
required if in the "udgment of the 1ngineer additional asphalt sealant is needed to ensure proper
bonding of the double fabric layer
A8?6A6? G%)t%<t'-% S'-t F%!&%
5ence construction shall be adequate to handle stress from sediment loading 9eote?tile
at the bottom of the fence shall be buried a minimum of A inches in a trench so that no flow can pass
under the barrier ,he trench shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the geote?tile 5ence
height shall be as specified by the 1ngineer but in no case shall e?ceed BA inches above ground
surface ,he geote?tile shall be spliced together only at a support post with a minimum A inches
overlap
A8?6A6@ H2"#+-'& F'-t%#
,he geote?tile shall be laid lengthwise down slopes and appropriately anchored along the
top edge +nstallation hori!ontally along slopes will not be accepted 4verlaps shall be sufficient to
prevent parting of laps during the initial construction or fill stage 4n soft soil subgrades the overlap
shall not be less than /.. mm )lternatively the geote?tile shall be sawn using a doubleCstitch portable
sewing machine and appropriate thread
A8?6B M%t0)" )( M%*+#%5%!t
A8?6B68 ,he geote?tile shall be measured by the number of square meters from the pavement lines
shown on the plans# or from the pavement lines established in writing by the 1ngineer
A8?6B62 ,emporary silt fence will be measured in linear meter
A8?6B6: 0emoved sediment will be measured by the cubic meter
A8?6B64 1?cavation# backfill# bedding# and cover material are separate pay items
T,-% 2 C)!*t#+&t')! S+#;';,'-'t2 L%;%-*
'ite 'oil C(0 +nstallation _$ $C- `-
1quipment 9round Contract
Pressure (8Pa) `B/& _B/& `B/& _B/& `B/& _B/&
Cover ,hickness (mm)
$
(Compacted)
$.-
-#B
60 60 H H 7 7
60 60
60 H
H 7
H 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
7 7
$&-
B.&
/&E
H T High
7 T 7edium
60 T 6ot recommended
$
7a?imum aggregate si!e not to e?ceed oneChalf the compacted cover thickness
-
5or low volume unpaved road ()D,_-.. vehicles)
B
,he $.- mm minimum cover is limited to e?isting road bases intended for use in new
construction
T,-% : R%&)55%!"%" O;%#-$*
'oil 'trength
(C(0)
4verlap
2nsewn (mm)
4verlap
(mm)
3ess than $ C --%
$C- %A& -.B
-CB EA- EA
B and above A$. C
A8?6C B*'* )( P25%!t
,he quantities determined as provided above shall be paid for at the contract price per unit
of measurement# respectively# for each pay item listed below
Payment shall be made under<
Pay +tem Pay 2nit
'eparation 9eote?tile
Drainage 9eote?tile
Paving 5abric
Hydraulic 5ilter
'ilt 5ence
0emoving 'ediment
'quare 7eter
'quare 7eter
'quare 7eter
'quare 7eter
3inear 7eter
Cubic 7eter