Antimicrobials:

10- Antimycobacterial drugs

11- Antifungal agents
12- Antiviral agents
13- Antimalarial agents
14- Antimalarial Combinations
15- Drugs for amebiasis
16- Drugs for Leishmaniasis
17- Other antiparasite drugs
18- Antihelminthic drugs



Anticancer &
Immunomodulatory agents:
19- Classification of
antineoplastic drugs
20- Hormone dependent
cancers and their drugs
21- Immunomodulatory agents


Renal & CVS
22- Diuretics
23- Anti-hypertensive agents
24- Anti-anginal (IHD) drugs
25- Drugs used in Heart Failure




Endocrine Pharmacology
29- Pituitary Drugs
30- Drugs act on uterus & ttt of ED
31- Drugs act on thyroid
32- Drugs act on Ca++ & Ph++
33- Steroid Hormones
34- Sex hormones
35- Hormonal Contraceptives
36- Insulin
37- Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs





Antibiotics:
1- Sulphonamides.
2- Fluroquinolones
3- Aminoglycosides
& Urinary antiseptics
4- Beta lactam antibiotics
5- Penicillins
6- Beta Lactamase inhibitors
7- Cephalosporins
& Cephamycins
8- Tetracyclines
9- Miscellaneous antibiotics

26- Anticoagulant, Fibrinolytic
n & Antiplatelet
27- Antiarrhythmic agents
28- Hyperlipidemic Drugs




Dr. Soman notes
Dr. Manal notes
Dr. Khawajah notes
i ii i
i ii ii i
i i



Sulphonamides
Oral absorbable
Short acting
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfadiazine
Intermediate action
Sulfamethoxazole
Long acting
Sulfadoxine
Oral nonabsorbable
Slifasalazine
Sulfapyridine
Topical agents
Eye
Sulfacetamide Na
Skin
Silver Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole
Co -
Trimoxazole
Fluroquinolones
1
st

generation
Norfloxacin
2
nd
generation
(anti-pseudomonal)
Ciprofloxacin
3
rd
generation

Levofloxacin
4
th
gene
Moxifloxacin
Travofloxacin
(Respiratory quinolones)

Streptomycin
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Paromomycin
Spectinomycin
Nitrofurantoin
Methenamine
Urinary
antiseptics
Aminoglycosides

Beta lactam
antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
& Cephamycins
Carbapenem
Imipenem
Imipenem + Cilastatin = Primaxin
Monobactam
Aztreonam
Look cards 5 & 6
Look cards 7
1 1 2 2
3 3 4 4


Penicillins
Penicillin G
(Procaine - benzathine)
Penicillin V
Antistaphylococcal
penicillins
1- Isoxzolyl penicillins:
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Flucloxacillin
2- Nafcillin
3- Methicillin
Broad spectrum penicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Antipsudomonal penocillins
Dicarboxypenicillins: Ticarcillin
Ureidopenicillins ; extended spectrum
Piperacillin
Clavulanic acid Amoxicillin
Augmentin
= Co-amoxiclav
Beta Lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic acid Ticarcillin Timentin
Sulbactam Ampicillin Unasyn
Tazobactam Piperacillin Zosyn
Parenteral Oral
Cefazolin Cephalexin 1
st
generation
Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cephaclor
Cefuroxime axetil
2
nd
generation
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Cefoperazone
Cefixime
3
rd
generation
Cefepime --------- 4
th
generation


5 5 6 6
7 7
Tetracyclines
Older tetracyclines
Short acting
Tetracycline
Intermediate
acting
Demeclocycline
Newer tetracyclines
Long acting
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Longest acting
Tigecycline
8 8
Antimycobacterial drugs
Antitubercular drugs
1
st
Line:
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin




2
nd
Line:
Amikacin , Kanamycin
Aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
Fluoroquinolones (Cipro,Levofloxacin)
Macrolides (azi,clarithromycin)
Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Clofazimine
Ethionamide
Rifabutin, Rifapentine
Linezolid

Antileprosy
drugs
Sulfones (Dapsone)
Clofazimine
Rifampin
Ofloxacin,Minocycline,
Clarithromycin
Thalidomide

Miscellaneous antibiotics
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Clindamycin Peptides
Vancomycin
Polymyxins
Bacitracin
9 9
10
Antifungal agents
Systemic antifungal drugs for systemic
infections
Amphoteracin B Flucytosine
Azoles:
Ketoconazole
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Systemic
antifungal
drugs for
muco-
cutaneus
Griseofulvin
Terbinafine
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Topical
drugs
Nystatin
Miconazole
Cotrimazole
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Terbinafine
11
For HSV & VZV
Acyclovir , Famcyclovir
Trifluridine , Vidarabine
For CMV
Ganciclovir
Foscarnet
Antihepatitis
INF- , Pegylated INF-
Lamivudine
Ribavirin
Anti-Influenza
Amantadine,Rimantadine
Zanamivir , Oseltamvir
RSV: Ribavirin
Anti retroviral
NRTIs: Zidovudine,didanosine
, Lamivudine
NNRTIs: Nevirapine
Protease inhibitors: Atazanavir
Fusion inhibitor: Enfuvirtide
Integrase inhibitor: Raltegravir
CCR5 inhibitor: Maraviroc
Antiviral agents
12
Antimalarial agents
Blood schizontocides
CSPF
Chloroquine
Amodiaquine
CRPF
Quinine
Mefloquine
Halofantrine
Lumefantrine
Artemisinin
Atovaquone
Others
Antifolates
Inhibitors of
DHFR
Pyrimethamine
Proguanil
(chloroguanide)
Inhibitors of
folic acid
synthesis
Sulphonamides
Sulfones
(Dapsone)
Inhibitors of
protein
synthesis
Tetracycline
(doxycycline)
Clindamycin
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Tissue
schizontocides
Primaquine



13
Pyrimethamine Sulfadoxine Fansidar
Pyrimethamine Dapsone Maloprim
Proguanil Atovaquone Malarone
Lumefantrine Artemether Coartem
14
Antimalarial Combinations
Drugs for amebiasis
Mixed amebicides:
Metronidazole
Tinidazole


Systemic amebicides:
Dehydroemetine
Chloroquine


Luminal amebicides:
Diloxanide furoate
Iodoquinol
Paromomycin
Tetracycline
15
Drugs for Leishmaniasis
Visceral Leishmaniasis drugs:
1- Pentavalent antimonials:
Sodium stibogluconate
Meglumine antimoniate
2- Pentamidine
3- Amphotericin B
4- Miltefosine
5- Paromomycin
6- Allopurinol




Cutaneous Leishmaniasis drugs:
1- Pentavalent antimonials:
Sodium stibogluconate
Meglumine antimoniate
2- Pentamidine
3- Azoles: Keto/Itra/Flu conazole
Clotrimazole - Miconazole
4- Paromomycin
5- Cryogenic therapy




16

Drugs for Giardiasis:
Metronidazole
Nitasoxanide
Drugs for
Trichomoniasis:
Metronidazole
Drugs for
Pneumocystosis jiroveci
Co-trimoxazole
Pentamidine
Atovaquone
Primaquine + Clindamycin
Drugs for toxoplasma
gondii
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
Pyrimethamine + Clindamycin
Spiramycin
17
Antihelminthic drugs
Worm infestation Drug of choice Alternative drugs
1
-

N
e
m
a
t
o
d
e
s

Intestinal
nematodes
Ascariasis Albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel
pamoate
Piperazine, ivermectin
Enterobiasis (Pin worm) Mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate Albendazole
Hook worms
Ancylostomiasis , Necator americanus ,
Ancylostoma duodenale
Albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel
pamoate

Trichuriasis (whipworm) Mebendazole, albendazole Ivermectin
Strongyloidiasis (thread worm) Ivermectin Albendazole
Somatic
nematodes
(filarial
Worms)
W. bancrofti and Brugia malayi
(Filariasis); Loa loa, tropical eosinophilia
Diethylcarbamazine Ivermectin
O. volvulus Ivermectin -
Guinea worm Metronidazole Mebendazole

2. Cestodes
(tape worms)
Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) Praziquantel, niclosamide Alternative drugs
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) Praziquantel, niclosamide Mebendazole
Cysticercosis cellulosae (pork tapeworm
larval stage)
Albendazole
Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid
tapeworm)
Albendazole Praziquantel
3.Trematodes:
Flukes
Schistosoma hematobium (bilharziasis) Praziquantel
S. mansoni Praziquantel Metrifonate
S. japonicum Praziquantel Oxamniquine

18
Classification of antineoplastic drugs
Alkylating agents
A
Mechlorethamine
cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Melphalan
Chlorambucil
B -Busulfan
C- Nitrosoureas
Carmustine
Lomustine

D- drugs acting as alkylating agents
I- Dcarbazine
II- Procarbazine
III- Cisplatin , Carboplatin

Antimetabolites
antifolates:
Methotrexate
Pyrimidine analogs:
Fluorouracil
cytarabine
(cytosine Arabinoside)




Purine analogs:
6 mercaptopurine (6-MP)
thioguanine (6-TG)


Natural products
Antibiotics
Anthracyclines:
Doxorubicin &
Daunorubicin
Bleomycins
Dactinomycin &
Mitomycin
Plant products
Vinca alkaloids:
Vincristine
(oncovin)
Vinblastine



Taxanes:
Paclitaxel
Docetaxel




inhibitors of
topoisomerases:
Epipodophyllotoxins:
Etoposide
Teniposide
Camptothecins:
Topotecan
Irinotecan

19
Glucocorticoid (prednisone)
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Progestins
( medroxyprogesterone)

Endometrial cancer
Hormone dependent cancers and their drugs
20


Immunosuppressants
Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporine , Tacrolimus
PSI: Sirolimus
Glucocorticoids
Cytotoxic drugs:
Azithioprine , Cyclophosphamide , Methotrexate ,
j Hydroxychloroquine
Enzyme inhibitors:
Mycophenolate mofetil , Leflunomide
Thalidomide
Immunosupressive
Ab
Polyclonal Ab:
ATG , ALG
Monoclonal
Ab
Muromonab CD3
Anti CD25 ( anti-
IL-2 )
Daclizumab
Basiliximab
Anti-TNF- :
Etanercept
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Immunostimulants
INF:INF, INF, INF
IL-2 : Aldeslukin
BCG vaccine
Thymosin
I
m
m
u
n
o
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
y

a
g
e
n
t
s

21
Proximal tubules:
CA inhibitors: Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide , Brinzolamide
Loop of Henle:
Loop diuretics = High ceiling
diuretics:
Furosemide , Bumetanide ,
Torsemide
Distal convoluted tubules:
Thiazide diuretics:
Hydrochlorothiazide ,
Chlorothiazide
Collecting tubules:
K
+
sparing diuretics:
Spironolactone
Amiloride , Triamterene
Osmotic diuretics:
Mannitol
22
Diuretics
Anti-hypertensive agents
Alter Na
+

and Water
balance
Diuretics:
Thiazide
diuretics
Angiotensin inhibitors
ACE
inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
ARBs
Losartan
Valsartan
Sympathoplegic agents
Centrally
acting drugs
Methyldopa
Clonidine
Adrenergic
neuron
blocking
agents
Adrenoceptor antagonist
- Antagonists
Prazosin,Terazosin,Doxazosin
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Mixed Antagonist:
Labetolol
-Antagonists
Selective
1:
Metoprolol , Atenolol
mixed : Esmolol , Timolol

Vasodilators
Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Na Nitroprusside
Diazoxide
CCB
DHPD:Nifedipine
,Amlodipine
,Isradipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
23
Anti-anginal (IHD) drugs
- blockers
Nitrates: NTG ,
Isosorbide dinitrate
Nitrites: Amyl nitrite
Nicorandil
CCB
DHPD;Dihydropyridines:
Nifedipine,Nimodipine
,Amlodipine,Felodipine
Verapamil - Diltiazem
24


Drugs used in Heart Failure
Drugs with
+ve
inotropic
effects
Cardiac glycosides "digitalis'
Digoxin , Digitoxin
Antidigoxin immunotherapy:
DIGIBIND
Bipyridines
Inamrinone , Milrinone
- adrenoceptor stimulants
Dobutamine
Drugs
without
+ve
inotropic
effects
Diuretics
Spironolactone ,
Eplerenone (aldosterone antagonist)
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
- blockers
Bisprolol , Carvidilol , Metoprolol
Vasodilators
Hydralazine , Nitroglycerine
25
Anticoagulant
Indirect
thrombin
inhibitors
UFH
LMWH : Enoxaparin , Dalteparin , Tinzaparin
Fondaparinux
Heparin antidote: Protamine sulfate
Direct
thrombin
inhibitors:
Hirudins;
Lepirudin ,
Argatroban
Oral
anticoagulants
Warfarin
(Coumadin)
antidote=Vit.K
Fibrinolytic
Streptokinase
Urokinase
t-PA : Alteplase
, Reteplase ,
Tenecteplase
Staphylokinase
Antiplatelet
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
,Ticlopidine
Dipyridamole
Blockers of
PGP:
Abciximab ,
Tirofiban
26
Antiarrhythmic agents
Class I:
Na
+
Channel blockers
Class Ia :
Quinidine ,
Procainamide ,
Disopyramide
Class Ib :
Lidocaine ,
Phenytoin
Class Ic :
Flecainide ,
Propafenone
Class II:
- blockers
Propranolol
Esmolol , Atenolol
Class III:
K
+
Channel blockers
Amiodarone , Sotalol
Class IV:
Ca
++
Channel blockers
Verapamil , Diltiazem
Class V : Miscellaneous
Adenosine , Magnesium ,
Potassium
27






















Hyperlipidemic Drugs
Statins
Simvastatin
Fluvastatin
Atorvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Niacin
= Nicotinic acid
= Vit.B
3



Fibrates
Gemfibrozil





Resins
Cholestyramine
Cholestipol

Pituitary Drugs
Anterior Pituitary ACTH - TSH
GH =Somatotropin

GHRH : Sermorelin
GHIH : Somatostatin
Octreotide
GH:
Somatropin
Somatrem

Prolactin

Dopamine
: agonist
Bromocriptine
Quinagolide


gonadotropins

FSH:Urofollitropin
LH: Lutropin
Purified F&L :
Menotropin

Posterior Pituitary
Vasopressin=
ADH
Vasopressin
Desmopressin




U
t
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
c
s

=

O
x
y
t
o
c
i
c
s

- Oxytocin
- Prostaglandins:
Dinoprostone
Carboprost
Misoprostol
- Ergot alkaloids:
Methylergometrine
= Ergonovine
T
o
c
o
l
y
t
i
c
s

- Pregestins
(Progesterone)
Dydrogesterone
- Beta 2 Adrenergic
agonists:
Ritodrine
Salbutamol
- Ca
++
antagonist:
Magnesium Sulfate
Ca
++
Channel Blockers
( Nifedipine )
- PG inhibitors:
Indomethacin (NSAID)
T
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t


o
f

E
r
e
c
t
i
l
e

D
y
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n

Phosphodiesterase
5 (PDE-5)
inhibitors:
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Vardenafil (Levitra)

- Alprostadil
Drugs act on thyroid
Simple goiter

1- Size
reduction:
- KI or NaI
- removal of
goitrogenic
substances.

2- replacement
therapy:
Na
Levothyroxine
(T
4
)

3- Surgery

Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidis
m
= Myxoedema

thyroid
replacement
therapy
- Levothyroxine
(T
4
)
- Liothyronine
(T
3
)
- Liotrix (T
3
/T
4
)
Myxoedema
Coma
( Emergency
of hypo.)

- Liothyronine
(T3) IV
- Cortisol
- Fluids
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
= Thyrotoxicosis
, Grave's disease

1- Antithyroid drugs:
- Thionamides :
>>.Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
- Iodine
lugol's solution
Ipodate
2- Radioactive Iodine.
3- Beta adrenergic
blockers: Propranolol
4- Surgery
Thyroid Storm
( Emergency of hyper. )
1-Decrease release:
NaI or Ipodate
2- inhibit synthesis:
PTU or Carbimazole
3-Control
symptoms:
Propranolol
4- restoration of
vital signs:
Hydrocortisone
Acetaminophen
Fluids & Oxygen

28
29
30 31

Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin

Vit.D
PTH
Hypocalcemia



Hypercalcemia








1-Dietary Ergocalciferol (Vit.D2)
2-endogenous synthesis:
-Cholecalciferol (Vit.D3)
-Calcifediol (25OH-Vit.D3)
-Calcitriol(1,25OH2-VitD3)
Calcitonin - human
Calcitonin - salmon
Etidronate
Pamidronate
1-Hydration:
saline + Loop diuretic
2- Bisphosphonates.
3- Calcitonin
1-Ca
++

(O: Ca Ph , IV: Ca Cl
2
)
2- Vit.D preparations

Hypophosphatemia
K Phosphate
Na - Phosphate


Hyperphosphatemia
1-Dialysis
2-Glucose + Insulin
3-Sevelamer
( Ph binding drug)


+
Steroid Hormones
Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
Fludrocortisone
Glucocorticoids
Short acting & Weak potency
Cortisol - Cortisone
intermediate acting & potency
Prednisolone - Methylprednisolone -
Triamcinolone
Long acting & High potency
Betamethasone - Beclomethasone -
Dexamethasone
Sex hormones
ACTH
Cosyntropin
Oestrogens
Agonist:
Ethinyl estradiol
Micronized estradiol
Mestranol
Diethylstillbestrol (NS)
Premarin ((Conjugated))
Estradiol
SERM:
Tamoxifen - Raloxifen
Clomiphene (antagonist)
Progestins
Synthetic:
Hydroxyprogesterone
Medroxyprogesterone
acetate
Megestrol
Dimethisterone (New)
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Antagonist:
Mifepristone
Danazol
Androgens
Synthetic:
Methyltestosterone
Fluoxymesterone
Oxandrolone
Stanozolol
(
(

S
y
n
t
h
e
t
i
c

)
)

Mini pills
(progesterone
alone)
L-Norgestrel
Transdermal skin
patches
Ethinyl estradiol
+ Norelgestromin
Hormonal
Contraceptives

Combination pills
Estrogen:
Ethinyl estradiol
OR Mestranol
+
Progestin: Norethindrone
OR Norgestrel

Injectable
(Progestin only)

Norgestrel implant
Medroxyprogesterone
acetate

Postcoital
Estrogen+progestin
OR L-norgestrel
OR Mifepristone

Antagonist:
Leuprolide (GnRH agonist)
Finasteride
Cyproterone
Flutamid
Spironolactone

35
33 32
34
34





















Rapid-acting insulin
Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart


Short-acting insulin
Regular Novolin R
Regular Humulin R





Long-acting insulin
Insulin Glargine
Insulin Ultralente
Insulin Determir

Intermediate-acting insulin
NPH / Isophane Humulin N
NPH / Isophane Novolin N


Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
Insulin secreting agents
Sulfonylureas
1
st
generation
Tolbutamide
Acetohexamide
Chlorpropamide
2
nd
generation
Glipizide
Gliclazide
Glibenclamide
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Biguanides
Metformin
Phenformin
Insulin sensitizers
(Thiazolidinediones)
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Alpha
Glycosidase
inhibitors
Acarbose
New antidiabetic drugs
Pramlintide - Exenatide
36 37