1.

D
[1]

2.

B
[1]

3.

A
[1]

4.

B
[1]

5.

D
[1]

6.

D
[1]

7.

D
[1]

8.

D
[1]

9.

A
[1]

10.

D
[1]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

11.

C
[1]

12.

B
[1]

13.

D
[1]

14.

A
[1]

15.

A
[1]

16.

B
[1]

17.

B
[1]

18.

A
[1]

19.

D
[1]

20.

C
[1]

21.

D
[1]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

22.

D
[1]

23.

B
[1]

24.

C
[1]

25.

C
[1]

26.

C
[1]

27.

D
[1]

28.

A
[1]

29.

C
[1]

30.

C
[1]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

31.

B
[1]

32.

B
[1]

33.

D
[1]

34.

C
[1]

35.

B
[1]

36.

D
[1]

37.

C
[1]

38.

B
[1]

39.

D
[1]

40.

D
[1]

41.

C
[1]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

42.

C
[1]

43.

D
[1]

44.

B
[1]

45.

C
[1]

46.

C
[1]

47.

C
[1]

48.

81.7
18.3
nC = 12.01 = 6.80 and nH = 1.01 = 18.1;
ratio of 1: 2.67 /1: 2.7;
C3H8;
No penalty for using 12 and 1.

(b)

C3H8;

(c)

(i)

(a)

Br2 /bromine;
UV/ultraviolet light;
Accept hf/hv/sunlight.

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(ii)

Cr2O7 /MnO4 and acidified/ H /H3O ;

Accept names.
heat / reflux;

(d)

Initiation:
Br2 2Br;
Propagation:
Br + RCH3 HBr + RCH2;
RCH2 + Br2 RCH2Br + Br;
Termination: [1 max]
Br + Br Br2;
RCH2 + Br RCH2Br;
RCH2 + RCH2 RCH2CH2R;
Award [1] for any termination step.
Accept radical with or without throughout.
Do not penalize the use of an incorrect alkane in the mechanism.

(e)

(i)

4 max

substitution and nucleophilic and bimolecular/two species in

rate-determining step;
Allow second order in place of bimolecular.

(ii)

curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in OH to C;

Do not allow curly arrow originating on H in OH

curly arrow showing Br leaving;
Accept curly arrow either going from bond between C and Br to Br in
bromoethane or in the transition state.
representation of transition state showing negative charge, square
brackets and partial bonds;
Do not penalize if HO and Br are not at 180 to each other.
Do not award M3 if OH ---- C bond is represented unless already
penalized in M1.
Do not penalize the use of an incorrect alkyl chain in the mechanism.

3
[16]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

49.

(a)

carboxylic acid / carboxyl;

ester;
Do not allow carbonyl / acid / ethanoate / formula(COOH).
aryl group / benzene ring / phenyl;

(b)

(i)

Mr(C7H6O3) = 138.13;
3.15

138
.
13

2.28 102 (mol);

n=
Award [2] for the correct final answer.

(ii)

Mr(C9H8O4) = 180.17;
2

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

m = (180.17 2.28 10 =) 4.11(g);

Accept range 4.104.14
Award [2] for the correct final answer.

2.50
(percentage yield = 4.11 100 =) 60.8 %;
Accept 6061 %.

3;

0.02
(percentage uncertainty = 2.50 100 =) 0.80 %;
Allow 0.8 %

sample contaminated with ethanoic acid / aspirin not dry /

impure sample;
Accept specific example of a systematic error.
Do not accept error in reading balance/weighing scale.
Do not accept yield greater than 100 %.

1
[11]

50.

empirical formula = CN;

Working must be shown to get point.
1

Mr = 51.9 (g mol );
:N
C C
N:;

3
[3]

51.

(a)

(i)

(10 % 1000 g =) 100 g ethanol and (90 % 1000 g =) 900 g octane;

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(ii)

n(ethanol) = 2.17 mol and n(octane) = 7.88 mol;

(iii)

Ereleased from ethanol = (2.17 1367) = 2966 (kJ);

Ereleased from octane = (7.88 5470) = 43104 (kJ);

total energy released = (2966 + 43104) = 4.61 10 (kJ);

Award [3] for correct final answer.
Accept answers using whole numbers for molar masses and rounding.
(b)

greater;
fewer intermolecular bonds/forces to break / vaporization is
endothermic / gaseous fuel has greater enthalpy than liquid fuel / OWTTE;
M2 cannot be scored if M1 is incorrect.

2
[7]

52.

(a)

(i)

Copper:
0 to +2 / increases by 2 / +2 / 2+;
Allow zero/nought for 0.
Nitrogen:
+5 to +4 / decreases by 1 / 1 / 1;
+
Penalize missing + sign or incorrect notation such as 2+, 2
or II, once only.

(ii)

(b)

(i)

nitric acid/HNO3 / NO3 /nitrate;

Allow nitrogen from nitric acid/nitrate but not just nitrogen.

0.100 0.0285;
3
2.85 10 (mol);
Award [2] for correct final answer.

(ii)

2.85 10 (mol);

(iii)

(63.55 2.85 10 ) = 0.181 g;

Allow 63.5.

0.181

100

0.456
39.7 %

(iv)

1
3

IB Questionbank Chemistry

 44.2 39.7

100

44.2

10/10.2 %;
Allow 11.3 % i.e. percentage obtained in (iv) is used to
divide instead of 44.2 %.

(v)

(c)

Brass has:
delocalized electrons / sea of mobile electrons / sea of electrons
free to move;
No mark for just mobile electrons.

1
[10]

53.

(a)

n(HCl)(= 0.200 mol dm 0.02720 dm ) = 0.00544 / 5.44 10 (mol);

(b)

n(HCl) excess (= 0.100 mol dm 0.02380 dm ) = 0.00238 /

3
2.38 10 (mol);

Penalize not dividing by 1000 once only in (a) and (b).

1
3

(c)

n(HCl) reacted (= 0.00544 0.00238) = 0.00306 / 3.06 10 (mol);

(d)

2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) /

+

2+

2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g);

Award [1] for correct reactants and products.
Award [1] if this equation correctly balanced.
Award [1 max] for the following equations:
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
+

2+

2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca (aq) + H2CO3(aq)

Ignore state symbols.

(e)

n(CaCO3) = ( 2 n(HCl)) =

1
2

0.00306;
3

= 0.00153 / 1.53 10 (mol);

Award [2] for correct final answer.

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(f)

Mr(CaCO3) (= 40.08 + 12.01 + 3 16.00) = 100.09 /100.1 /

1

M = 100.09 /100.1 (g mol );

Accept 100.
1

m(CaCO3)(= nM) = 0.00153 (mol) 100.09 (g mol ) = 0.153 (g);

0.153

100

= 81.4 % / 81.5 %
%CaCO 0.188
3

(g)

Accept answers in the range 79.8 to 81.5 %.

Award [3] for correct final answer.

only CaCO3 reacts with acid / impurities are inert/non-basic / impurities

do not react with the acid / nothing else in the eggshell reacts with acid /
no other carbonates;
Do not accept all calcium carbonate reacts with acid.

1
[11]

54.

(a)

(b)

(c)

ester;

1013.0
amount of oil = 885.6 = 1.144 mol;
200.0
amount of methanol = 32.05 = 6.240 mol;
since three mol of methanol react with one mol of vegetable oil the
amount of excess methanol = 6.204 (3 1.144) = 2.808 mol;

(i)

rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction /
forward and reverse reactions occur and the concentrations of the
reactants and products do not change / OWTTE;

[glycerol] [biodiesel] 3
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

3
Kc = [ vegetable oil] [methanol] ;

to move the position of equilibrium to the right/product side /

increase the yield of biodiesel;

no effect (on position of equilibrium);

increases the rate of the forward and the reverse reactions equally
(so equilibrium reached quicker) / it lowers Ea for both the
forward and reverse reactions by the same amount / OWTTE;
No ECF for explanation.

IB Questionbank Chemistry

10

(d)

(e)

(f)

vegetable oil is mainly non-polar and methanol is polar / OWTTE;

stirring brings them into more contact with each other / increase the
frequency of collisions / OWTTE;
Do not allow simply mixing.

(relative molecular mass of biodiesel, C9H36O2 = 296.55)

maximum yield of biodiesel = 3.432 mol / 1018 g;
811.0
percentage yield = 1018 100 = 79.67 %;
Allow 80 % for percentage yield.

the carbon dioxide was absorbed by plants initially so there is no net

increase / vegetable oil is not a fossil fuel / vegetable oil is formed
from (atmospheric) carbon dioxide / OWTTE;

1
[14]

55.

(a)

2+

Fe

3+

(i)

Fe

(ii)

MnO4 + 8H + 5e Mn

(iii)

MnO4 + 5Fe

+e ;
+

2+

2+

+ 8H Mn

+ 4H2O;
2+

+ 5Fe

3+

4H2O;

(b)

Accept e instead of e .

(i)

11.6
4
amount of MnO4 = 1000 0.0200 = 2.32 10 mol;

(ii)

amount of Fe

(iii)

mass of Fe

2+

2+

= 5 2.32 10 = 1.16 10 mol;

3

= 55.85 1.16 10 = 6.48 10 g;

6.48 10 2
2+
1.43
percentage of Fe in tablet =
100 = 4.53 %;

2
[7]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

11

56.

0.814

1.68
0.814 = 2

0.814
0.814 = 1

4.12
0.814 = 5

C
N
O
H
20.2 11.4
65.9 2.50
12.01 14.01
16.00 1.01
= 1.68
=
= 4.12= 2.48
;
2.48
0.814 = 3
;

C2NO5H3;
No penalty for use of 12, 1 and/or 14.
Award [1 max] if the empirical formula is correct, but no working shown.

3
[3]

57.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2+

2+

3+

MnO4 (aq) + 5Fe (aq) + 8H (aq) Mn (aq) + 5Fe (aq) + 4H2O(l)

Award [2] if correctly balanced.
+
Award [1] for correctly placing H and H2O.
Award [1 max] for correct balanced equation but with electrons shown.
Ignore state symbols.
2+

Fe / iron(II);
Do not accept iron.
2

1
2

n = 2.152 10 2.250 10 ;
4
4.842 10 (mol);
Award [1] for correct volume
Award [1] for correct calculation.

2
2+

1 mol of MnO4 reacts with 5 mol of Fe ;

4

5 4.842 10 = 2.421 10 (mol);

(same number of moles of Fe in the iron ore)
Allow ECF from part (a) and (c) provided some mention of mole ratio
is stated.

(e)

2.421 10 55.85 = 0.1352(g);

0.1352
0.3682 100 = 36.72 %;
Allow ECF from part (d).

2
[9]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

12

58.

(a)

0.600 mol Al(OH)3 (1.5)(0.600) mol H2SO4/0.900 mol H2SO4

needed, but only 0.600 mol used;
H2SO4 limiting reactant;

Some working must be shown in order to score the second

point.
(b)

0.200 mol Al2(SO4)3;

68.4(g);

Penalize incorrect units.

(c)

0.200 mol;

1
Use ECF from (a).

(d)

(e)

A Brnsted-Lowry acid is a proton/H donor;

A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor;

H2CO3 and carbonic acid / CH3COOH and ethanoic acid;

Accept any other weak acid and correct formula.

[8]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

13