1.

A
[1]

2. B
[1]

3. C
[1]

4. D
[1]

5. A
[1]

6. C
[1]

7. B
[1]

8. B
[1]

9. D
[1]

10. B
[1]
1
11. B
[1]

12. A
[1]

13. B
[1]

14. B
[1]

15. D
[1]

16. A
[1]

17. B
[1]

18. C
[1]

19. A
[1]

20. B
[1]

21. D
[1]
2

22. C
[1]

23. D
[1]

24. A
[1]

25. A
[1]

26. A
[1]

27.
n =
n

=

6
n

=

5
n

=

4
n

=

3
n

=

2
n = 1

A
B
3
(i) line starting at n = 1;
line finishing at n = (not above );
upward arrw; 2 !a"
3 correct [2], 2 correct [1].
(ii) #ine fr! n = 3 t n = 2;
Arrw pinting dwnward (in any transition); 2
[4]

28. (i)
;
1e
2n
p 1
$

;
utside % r&iting e
nu'leus in n p(
$

2
[1] for number and type of particles and [1] for location.

(ii) )
2
* 3+
2
2)+
3
;
Correct formulas [1], balancing of correct equation [1].
2)a * 2+
2
, 2)a,+ * +
2
; 4
Correct formulas [1], balancing of correct equation [1].
If H is used instead of T in any of the equations [3 max].
Accept any other suitable equation for both parts.
[6]

29. (i) perid is a hri-ntal rw in the peridi' ta&le and a grup is a
.erti'al 'lu!n%!TT"; 1
(ii) 2(5;
ele'trns in tw energ/ le.els%shells;
fi.e uter%.alen'e ele'trns; 3
[4]

30. 0 prtns( 1 neutrns( 12 ele'trns; 2
A#ard [2] for three correct and [1] for t#o correct.
[2]
4
31. (a) (i) ini-atin( a''eleratin( defle'tin%separatin; 2
A#ard [1] for all three names and [1] for correct order.
A#ard [1] for t#o names in correct order.
(ii) ini-atin3 sa!ple &!&arded with high4energ/ r high4speed
ele'trns%!TT";
a''eleratin3 ele'tri' field%ppsitel/ 'harged plates;
defle'tin3 (ele'tr)!agnet%!agneti' field; 3

(&) (i) a.erage r (weighted) !ean f !asses f all istpes f an ele!ent;
relati.e t (ne at! f)
12
C; 2
$oth mar%s available from a suitable e&pression.
(ii) A
r
= (02252262) * (02252545) * (04253603) * (06251522);
= 02516; 2
'o other final ans#er acceptable.
A#ard [2] for correct final ans#er.
[9]

32. (i) nu!&er f prtns in the nu'leus%at!; 1
(o not accept protons and electrons.
(ii) nu!&er f prtns and neutrns in the nu'leus%at!; 1
[2]

33. 7i 25154%2(1(4;
8
3
25151%2(1(1;
2
[2]

34. 16 prtns and 10 neutrns and 11 ele'trns; 1
[1]

35. Al 2(1(3;
) 2(5;
9 2(0; 2
A#ard [2] for three correct, [1] for t#o or one correct.
Accept correct configuration using s,p,d notation.
[2]

5
36. A
r
(Cl) = 35545 =
122
) 30(122 35 & & +
;
35
Cl = 0055: and
30
Cl = 2255:; 2
[2]

37. (a) (i) t prdu'e psiti.el/ 'harged ins;
&/ the &!&ard!ent f fast !.ing ele'trns; 2
(ii) !agneti' field at right angles t path f ins%a''ept suita&l/
la&elled diagra!;
!.es ins in 'ur.e path%defle'ts ins;
dependent n !ass%'harge rati; 2
A#ard [1] each for any 2 points.
(iii) a''eleratin f the ins &/ ele'tri' field%twards negati.e plate%'athde; 1

(&) (i) at!s with the sa!e nu!&er f prtns%psiti.e 'harges%at!i'
nu!&er &ut different nu!&er f neutrns%!ass nu!&er; 1
(ii) A
r
(;&) = 15540 =
;
122
) 122 ( 10 15 & & +
Accept other valid mathematical alternatives.
15
;& = 0655 and
10
;& = 2355:; 2
(iii) !ass; densit/;
&iling pint;
!elting pint;
rate f diffusin in the gas phase;
enthalp/ f .apri-atin;
enthalp/ f fusin;
rate f rea'tin in the gas%li<uid phase; 1
Any t#o for one mar%
(i.) 7i3 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2
;
9e
3*
3 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
;
8
3
3 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
; 3
Allo# [1 max] for 3 correct abbreviated structures using noble
gas symbols.
[12]
6
38. (i) rati f a.erage !ass f an at! t
12
1
the !ass f C412 istpe%
a.erage !ass f an at! n a s'ale where ne at! f C412 has a !ass f 12%su!
f the weighted a.erage !ass f istpes f an ele!ent '!pared t
C412%!TT"; 1
A#ard no mar% if )element* is used in place of )atom*
(ii)
63
Cu (!re a&undant) sin'e A
r
(Cu) is 'lser in !ass t 63; 1
"&planation needed for mar%
[2]

39. (a) at! f sa!e ele!ent%sa!e nu!&er f prtns &ut with different
!ass nu!&er%nu!&er f neutrns; 1
(&) prtns 23
ele'trns 23
neutrns 20 2
Three correct [2], t#o correct [1].

(')
=
23
51
%51 nearer t A
r
.alue f 52564; 1
(d) 'ar&n( 12%
12
C; 1
[5]

40. (a) !ass%densit/%fr gases3 rate f effusin r diffusin%!elting pint%
&iling pint 1
(o not accept mass number.

(&) if
35
Cl = "( then (" = 35522) * (1 $ ") 30522 = 35545
Award [1] fr set up5
therefre( " = 25005; 2
35
Cl = 0055: and
30
Cl = 2255:;
(need &th fr !ar>);
[3]
7
41. (a) at!s f the sa!e ele!ent%sa!e nu!&er f prtns%sa!e at!i' nu!&er;
ha.ing different nu!&ers f neutrns%different (!ass nu!&er); 2
A#ard only [1] ma& if reference made to elements but
not atoms.
(&) relati.e at!i' !ass =
122
6 5 66 42 2632 5 2 31 330 5 2 36 + +
; 2
(') 23 ele'trns;
26 prtns;
32 neutrns; 2
A#ard [2] for three correct, [1] for t#o correct.
[6]

42. (a) at!s f the sa!e ele!ent%sa!e at!i' nu!&er%sa!e nu!&er f prtns;
different nu!&ers f neutrns%!ass nu!&ers; 2
A#ard only [1] ma& if reference made to elements but not atoms.
(&) relati.e at!i' !ass =
122
3151) 01 6152 (66 +
= 6651; 1
+, -./0 possible -treat 12 and 3, as integers0
[3]

43. (a) 'ntinuus spe'tru! has all 'lurs%wa.elengths%fre<uen'ies whereas 1
line spe'tru! has nl/ (lines f) sharp%dis'rete%spe'ifi' 'lurs%
wa.elengths%fre<uen'ies;
(&) lines get 'lser tgether twards high energ/; 1
(') line represents ele'trn transitins &etween energ/ le.els%!TT"; 1
[3]

44. (a)
an at! f
06
Br an in f
11
Br
$

prtns 35 35 ;
neutrns 44 46 ;
ele'trns 35 36 ;
3

(&)
06
Br &e'ause A
r
is 'lser t 06%!TT"; 1
8
(') (i) 2(1(1(2%2515152; 1
(ii) CaBr
2
; 1
[6]

45. (a) 12 prtns and 13 neutrns and 11 ele'trns; 1

(&) ele'tri' field%ppsitel/ 'harged plates%ptential differen'e%!TT"; 1

(')
25
?g
*
;
greater m45 .alue%less highl/ 'harged ins need strnger fields t
defle't the!%!TT"; 2
(o not accept greater mass #ith no reference to charge, or
greater mass and smaller charge.
[4]

46. (a) @= A @ A @@ A @@@%
ultra .ilet radiatin A /ellw light A red light A infrared radiatin; 1

(&) A 'ntinuus spe'tru! has all 'lurs%wa.elengths%fre<uen'ies whereas
a line spe'tru! has nl/ (lines f) sharp%dis'rete%spe'ifi' 'lurs%
wa.elengths%fre<uen'ies; 1

(') B=4B radiatin has shrter wa.elength;
hen'e( has higher energ/;
in'reases ris> f da!age t s>in 'ells%,C++D%'auses 'an'er; 3
[5]
9