RA 3815 (Revised Penal Code)

ACT NO.
3815 - The Revised Penal Code (Books 1 and 2) Page of 113

Pakaged and !e"!od#ed $% NaPolCo& Regional Offie No. 12 ' (an#a!% 2))8
ACT NO. 3815
AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS
(December 8, 1930)

Preliminary Article This law shall be known as "The Revised Penal Code."

BOOK ONE
GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING THE DATE OF
ENFORCEMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS
OF THIS CODE, AND REGARDING THE OFFENSES, THE
PERSONS LIABLE AND THE PENALTIES

Preliminary Title

DATE ! E!!E"T#$E%E&& A%D APP'#"AT#%
! T(E P)$#&#%& ! T(#& "DE

Article 1* Time when Act takes effect. This "o+e shall take e,,ect on the ,irst +ay o, -an.ary,
nineteen h.n+re+ an+ thirty/two*
Art* 0* Application of its provisions* E1ce2t as 2ro3i+e+ in the treaties an+ laws o, 2re,erential
a22lication, the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e shall be en,orce+ not only within the Phili22ine
Archi2ela4o, incl.+in4 its atmos2here, its interior waters an+ maritime 5one, b.t also o.tsi+e o, its
6.ris+iction, a4ainst those who7
1* &ho.l+ commit an o,,ense while on a Phili22ine shi2 or airshi2
0* &ho.l+ ,or4e or co.nter,eit any coin or c.rrency note o, the Phili22ine #slan+s or
obli4ations an+ sec.rities iss.e+ by the 8o3ernment o, the Phili22ine #slan+s9
3* &ho.l+ be liable ,or acts connecte+ with the intro+.ction into these islan+s o, the
obli4ations an+ sec.rities mentione+ in the 2resi+in4 n.mber9
:* ;hile bein4 2.blic o,,icers or em2loyees, sho.l+ commit an o,,ense in the e1ercise o,
their ,.nctions9 or
<* &ho.l+ commit any o, the crimes a4ainst national sec.rity an+ the law o, nations,
+e,ine+ in Title ne o, =ook Two o, this "o+e*
1
ACT NO. 3815 - The Revised Penal Code (Books 1 and 2) Page of 113
Title ne
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Art* 3* Definitions. Acts an+ omissions 2.nishable by law are ,elonies (delitos)*
!elonies are committe+ not only be means o, +eceit (dolo) b.t also by means o, ,a.lt (culpa)*
There is +eceit when the act is 2er,orme+ with +eliberate intent an+ there is ,a.lt when the
wron4,.l act res.lts ,rom im2r.+ence, ne4li4ence, lack o, ,oresi4ht, or lack o, skill*
Art* :* Criminal liability. "riminal liability shall be inc.rre+7
1* =y any 2erson committin4 a ,elony (delito) altho.4h the wron4,.l act +one be
+i,,erent ,rom that which he inten+e+*
0* =y any 2erson 2er,ormin4 an act which wo.l+ be an o,,ense a4ainst 2ersons or
2ro2erty, were it not ,or the inherent im2ossibility o, its accom2lishment or an acco.nt
o, the em2loyment o, ina+eA.ate or ine,,ect.al means*
Art* <* Duty of the court in connection with acts which should be repressed but which are not
covered by the law, and in cases of ecessive penalties. ;hene3er a co.rt has knowle+4e o,
any act which it may +eem 2ro2er to re2ress an+ which is not 2.nishable by law, it shall ren+er
the 2ro2er +ecision, an+ shall re2ort to the "hie, E1ec.ti3e, thro.4h the De2artment o, -.stice,
the reasons which in+.ce the co.rt to belie3e that sai+ act sho.l+ be ma+e the s.b6ect o,
le4islation*
#n the same way, the co.rt shall s.bmit to the "hie, E1ec.ti3e, thro.4h the De2artment o,
-.stice, s.ch statement as may be +eeme+ 2ro2er, witho.t s.s2en+in4 the e1ec.tion o, the
sentence, when a strict en,orcement o, the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e wo.l+ res.lt in the im2osition
o, a clearly e1cessi3e 2enalty, takin4 into consi+eration the +e4ree o, malice an+ the in6.ry
ca.se+ by the o,,ense*
Art* B* Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies. "ons.mmate+ ,elonies as well as
those which are ,r.strate+ an+ attem2te+, are 2.nishable*
A ,elony is cons.mmate+ when all the elements necessary ,or its e1ec.tion an+
accom2lishment are 2resent9 an+ it is ,r.strate+ when the o,,en+er 2er,orms all the acts o,
e1ec.tion which wo.l+ 2ro+.ce the ,elony as a conseA.ence b.t which, ne3ertheless, +o not
2ro+.ce it by reason o, ca.ses in+e2en+ent o, the will o, the 2er2etrator*
2
There is an attem2t when the o,,en+er commences the commission o, a ,elony +irectly or
o3er acts, an+ +oes not 2er,orm all the acts o, e1ec.tion which sho.l+ 2ro+.ce the ,elony by
reason o, some ca.se or acci+ent other than this own s2ontaneo.s +esistance*
Art* C* !hen li"ht felonies are punishable. 'i4ht ,elonies are 2.nishable only when they ha3e
been cons.mmate+, with the e1ce2tion o, those committe+ a4ainst 2erson or 2ro2erty*
Art* 8* Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony. "ons2iracy an+ 2ro2osal to commit ,elony
are 2.nishable only in the cases in which the law s2ecially 2ro3i+es a 2enalty there,or*
A cons2iracy e1ists when two or more 2ersons come to an a4reement concernin4 the
commission o, a ,elony an+ +eci+e to commit it*
There is 2ro2osal when the 2erson who has +eci+e+ to commit a ,elony 2ro2oses its
e1ec.tion to some other 2erson or 2ersons*
Art* 9* #rave felonies, less "rave felonies and li"ht felonies. 8ra3e ,elonies are those to which
the law attaches the ca2ital 2.nishment or 2enalties which in any o, their 2erio+s are a,,licti3e, in
accor+ance with Art* 0< o, this "o+e*
'ess 4ra3e ,elonies are those which the law 2.nishes with 2enalties which in their
ma1im.m 2erio+ are correctional, in accor+ance with the abo3e/mentione+ Art**
'i4ht ,elonies are those in,ractions o, law ,or the commission o, which a 2enalty o, arrest
menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos or both9 is 2ro3i+e+*
Art* 10* $ffenses not sub%ect to the provisions of this Code. ,,enses which are or in the ,.t.re
may be 2.nishable .n+er s2ecial laws are not s.b6ect to the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e* This "o+e
shall be s.22lementary to s.ch laws, .nless the latter sho.l+ s2ecially 2ro3i+e the contrary*
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Art* 11* &ustifyin" circumstances. The ,ollowin4 +o not inc.r any criminal liability7

1* Anyone who acts in +e,ense o, his 2erson or ri4hts, 2ro3i+e+ that the ,ollowin4
circ.mstances conc.r9

!irst* >nlaw,.l a44ression*
&econ+* )easonable necessity o, the means em2loye+ to 2re3ent or re2el it*
Thir+* 'ack o, s.,,icient 2ro3ocation on the 2art o, the 2erson +e,en+in4 himsel,*
3
0* Any one who acts in +e,ense o, the 2erson or ri4hts o, his s2o.se, ascen+ants,
+escen+ants, or le4itimate, nat.ral or a+o2te+ brothers or sisters, or his relati3es by
a,,inity in the same +e4rees an+ those consan4.inity within the ,o.rth ci3il +e4ree,
2ro3i+e+ that the ,irst an+ secon+ reA.isites 2rescribe+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4
circ.mstance are 2resent, an+ the ,.rther reA.isite, in case the re3ocation was 4i3en
by the 2erson attacke+, that the one makin4 +e,ense ha+ no 2art therein*
3* Anyone who acts in +e,ense o, the 2erson or ri4hts o, a stran4er, 2ro3i+e+ that the
,irst an+ secon+ reA.isites mentione+ in the ,irst circ.mstance o, this Art* are 2resent
an+ that the 2erson +e,en+in4 be not in+.ce+ by re3en4e, resentment, or other e3il
moti3e*
:* Any 2erson who, in or+er to a3oi+ an e3il or in6.ry, +oes not act which ca.ses
+ama4e to another, 2ro3i+e+ that the ,ollowin4 reA.isites are 2resent9
!irst* That the e3il so.4ht to be a3oi+e+ act.ally e1ists9
&econ+* That the in6.ry ,eare+ be 4reater than that +one to a3oi+ it9
Thir+* That there be no other 2ractical an+ less harm,.l means o, 2re3entin4 it*
<* Any 2erson who acts in the ,.l,illment o, a +.ty or in the law,.l e1ercise o, a ri4ht or
o,,ice*
B* Any 2erson who acts in obe+ience to an or+er iss.e+ by a s.2erior ,or some law,.l
2.r2ose*
Art* 10* Circumstances which eempt from criminal liability* the ,ollowin4 are e1em2t ,rom
criminal liability7
1* An imbecile or an insane 2erson, .nless the latter has acte+ +.rin4 a l.ci+ inter3al*
;hen the imbecile or an insane 2erson has committe+ an act which the law +e,ines
as a ,elony (+elito), the co.rt shall or+er his con,inement in one o, the hos2itals or
asyl.ms establishe+ ,or 2ersons th.s a,,licte+, which he shall not be 2ermitte+ to
lea3e witho.t ,irst obtainin4 the 2ermission o, the same co.rt*
0* A 2erson .n+er nine years o, a4e*
3* A 2erson o3er nine years o, a4e an+ .n+er ,i,teen, .nless he has acte+ with
+iscernment, in which case, s.ch minor shall be 2rocee+e+ a4ainst in accor+ance
with the 2ro3isions o, Art* 80 o, this "o+e*
;hen s.ch minor is a+6.+4e+ to be criminally irres2onsible, the co.rt, in con,ormably
with the 2ro3isions o, this an+ the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, shall commit him to the care
an+ c.sto+y o, his ,amily who shall be char4e+ with his s.r3eillance an+ e+.cation
*
otherwise, he shall be committe+ to the care o, some instit.tion or 2erson mentione+
in sai+ Art* 80*
:* Any 2erson who, while 2er,ormin4 a law,.l act with +.e care, ca.ses an in6.ry by
mere acci+ent witho.t ,a.lt or intention o, ca.sin4 it*
<* Any 2erson who act .n+er the com2.lsion o, irresistible ,orce*
B* Any 2erson who acts .n+er the im2.lse o, an .ncontrollable ,ear o, an eA.al or
4reater in6.ry*
C* Any 2erson who ,ails to 2er,orm an act reA.ire+ by law, when 2re3ente+ by some
law,.l ins.2erable ca.se*
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Art* 13* 'iti"atin" circumstances* The ,ollowin4 are miti4atin4 circ.mstances9
1* Those mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 cha2ter, when all the reA.isites necessary to
6.sti,y or to e1em2t ,rom criminal liability in the res2ecti3e cases are not atten+ant*
0* That the o,,en+er is .n+er ei4hteen year o, a4e or o3er se3enty years* #n the case o,
the minor, he shall be 2rocee+e+ a4ainst in accor+ance with the 2ro3isions o, Art* 80*
3* That the o,,en+er ha+ no intention to commit so 4ra3e a wron4 as that committe+*
:* That s.,,icient 2ro3ocation or threat on the 2art o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty imme+iately
2rece+e+ the act*
<* That the act was committe+ in the imme+iate 3in+ication o, a 4ra3e o,,ense to the
one committin4 the ,elony (delito), his s2o.se, ascen+ants, or relati3es by a,,inity
within the same +e4rees*
B* That o, ha3in4 acte+ .2on an im2.lse so 2ower,.l as nat.rally to ha3e 2ro+.ce+
2assion or ob,.scation*
C* That the o,,en+er ha+ 3ol.ntarily s.rren+ere+ himsel, to a 2erson in a.thority or his
a4ents, or that he ha+ 3ol.ntarily con,esse+ his 4.ilt be,ore the co.rt 2rior to the
2resentation o, the e3i+ence ,or the 2rosec.tion9
5
8* That the o,,en+er is +ea, an+ +.mb, blin+ or otherwise s.,,erin4 some 2hysical +e,ect
which th.s restricts his means o, action, +e,ense, or comm.nications with his ,ellow
bein4s*
9* &.ch illness o, the o,,en+er as wo.l+ +iminish the e1ercise o, the will/2ower o, the
o,,en+er witho.t howe3er +e2ri3in4 him o, the conscio.sness o, his acts*
10* An+, ,inally, any other circ.mstances o, a similar nat.re an+ analo4o.s to those
abo3e mentione+*
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Art* 1:* A""ravatin" circumstances. The ,ollowin4 are a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances7
1* That a+3anta4e be taken by the o,,en+er o, his 2.blic 2osition*
0* That the crime be committe+ in contem2t or with ins.lt to the 2.blic a.thorities*
3* That the act be committe+ with ins.lt or in +isre4ar+ o, the res2ect +.e the o,,en+e+
2arty on acco.nt o, his rank, a4e, or se1, or that is be committe+ in the +wellin4 o,
the o,,en+e+ 2arty, i, the latter has not 4i3en 2ro3ocation*
:* That the act be committe+ with ab.se o, con,i+ence or ob3io.s .n4rate,.lness*
<* That the crime be committe+ in the 2alace o, the "hie, E1ec.ti3e or in his 2resence,
or where 2.blic a.thorities are en4a4e+ in the +ischar4e o, their +.ties, or in a 2lace
+e+icate+ to reli4io.s worshi2*
B* That the crime be committe+ in the ni4ht time, or in an .ninhabite+ 2lace, or by a
ban+, whene3er s.ch circ.mstances may ,acilitate the commission o, the o,,ense*
;hene3er more than three arme+ male,actors shall ha3e acte+ to4ether in the
commission o, an o,,ense, it shall be +eeme+ to ha3e been committe+ by a ban+*
C* That the crime be committe+ on the occasion o, a con,la4ration, shi2wreck,
earthA.ake, e2i+emic or other calamity or mis,ort.ne*
8* That the crime be committe+ with the ai+ o, arme+ men or 2ersons who ins.re or
a,,or+ im2.nity*
9* That the acc.se+ is a reci+i3ist*
+
A reci+i3ist is one who, at the time o, his trial ,or one crime, shall ha3e been
2re3io.sly con3icte+ by ,inal 6.+4ment o, another crime embrace+ in the same title o,
this "o+e*
10* That the o,,en+er has been 2re3io.sly 2.nishe+ by an o,,ense to which the law
attaches an eA.al or 4reater 2enalty or ,or two or more crimes to which it attaches a
li4hter 2enalty*
11* That the crime be committe+ in consi+eration o, a 2rice, rewar+, or 2romise*
10* That the crime be committe+ by means o, in.n+ation, ,ire, 2oison, e12losion,
stran+in4 o, a 3essel or international +ama4e thereto, +erailment o, a locomoti3e, or
by the .se o, any other arti,ice in3ol3in4 4reat waste an+ r.in*
13* That the act be committe+ with e3i+ence 2reme+itation*
1:* That the cra,t, ,ra.+ or +is4.ise be em2loye+*
1<* That a+3anta4e be taken o, s.2erior stren4th, or means be em2loye+ to weaken the
+e,ense*
1B* That the act be committe+ with treachery (alevosia)*
There is treachery when the o,,en+er commits any o, the crimes a4ainst the
2erson, em2loyin4 means, metho+s, or ,orms in the e1ec.tion thereo, which ten+
+irectly an+ s2ecially to ins.re its e1ec.tion, witho.t risk to himsel, arisin4 ,rom the
+e,ense which the o,,en+e+ 2arty mi4ht make*
1C* That means be em2loye+ or circ.mstances bro.4ht abo.t which a++ i4nominy to the
nat.ral e,,ects o, the act*
18* That the crime be committe+ a,ter an .nlaw,.l entry*
There is an .nlaw,.l entry when an entrance o, a crime a wall, roo,, ,loor, +oor, or
win+ow be broken*
00* That the crime be committe+ with the ai+ o, 2ersons .n+er ,i,teen years o, a4e or by
means o, motor 3ehicles, motori5e+ watercra,t, airshi2s, or other similar means* (As
amen+e+ by )A <:38)*
01* That the wron4 +one in the commission o, the crime be +eliberately a.4mente+ by
ca.sin4 other wron4 not necessary ,or its commissions*
,
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A'TE)%AT#$E "#)">?&TA%"E&

Art* 1<* Their concept. Alternati3e circ.mstances are those which m.st be taken into
consi+eration as a44ra3atin4 or miti4atin4 accor+in4 to the nat.re an+ e,,ects o, the crime an+
the other con+itions atten+in4 its commission* They are the relationshi2, into1ication an+ the
+e4ree o, instr.ction an+ e+.cation o, the o,,en+er*
The alternati3e circ.mstance o, relationshi2 shall be taken into consi+eration when the
o,,en+e+ 2arty in the s2o.se, ascen+ant, +escen+ant, le4itimate, nat.ral, or a+o2te+ brother or
sister, or relati3e by a,,inity in the same +e4rees o, the o,,en+er*
The into1ication o, the o,,en+er shall be taken into consi+eration as a miti4atin4
circ.mstances when the o,,en+er has committe+ a ,elony in a state o, into1ication, i, the same is
not habit.al or s.bseA.ent to the 2lan to commit sai+ ,elony b.t when the into1ication is habit.al
or intentional, it shall be consi+ere+ as an a44ra3atin4 circ.mstance*

Title Two
PE)&%& ")#?#%A''@ '#A='E !) !E'%#E&

Art* 1B* !ho are criminally liable. The ,ollowin4 are criminally liable ,or 4ra3e an+ less 4ra3e
,elonies7
1* Princi2als*
0* Accom2lices*
3* Accessories.
The ,ollowin4 are criminally liable ,or li4ht ,elonies7
1* Princi2als
0* Accom2lices*
Art* 1C* Principals. The ,ollowin4 are consi+ere+ 2rinci2als7
1* Those who take a +irect 2art in the e1ec.tion o, the act9
0* Those who +irectly ,orce or in+.ce others to commit it9
3* Those who coo2erate in the commission o, the o,,ense by another act witho.t which
it wo.l+ not ha3e been accom2lishe+*
Art* 18* Accomplices. Accom2lices are those 2ersons who, not bein4 incl.+e+ in Art* 1C,
coo2erate in the e1ec.tion o, the o,,ense by 2re3io.s or sim.ltaneo.s acts*
8
Art* 19* Accessories. Accessories are those who, ha3in4 knowle+4e o, the commission o, the
crime, an+ witho.t ha3in4 2artici2ate+ therein, either as 2rinci2als or accom2lices, take 2art
s.bseA.ent to its commission in any o, the ,ollowin4 manners7
1* =y 2ro,itin4 themsel3es or assistin4 the o,,en+er to 2ro,it by the e,,ects o, the crime*
0* =y concealin4 or +estroyin4 the bo+y o, the crime, or the e,,ects or instr.ments
thereo,, in or+er to 2re3ent its +isco3ery*
3* =y harborin4, concealin4, or assistin4 in the esca2e o, the 2rinci2als o, the crime,
2ro3i+e+ the accessory acts with ab.se o, his 2.blic ,.nctions or whene3er the
a.thor o, the crime is 4.ilty o, treason, 2arrici+e, m.r+er, or an attem2t to take the li,e
o, the "hie, E1ec.ti3e, or is known to be habit.ally 4.ilty o, some other crime*
Art* 00* Accessories who are eempt from criminal liability* The 2enalties 2rescribe+ ,or
accessories shall not be im2ose+ .2on those who are s.ch with res2ect to their s2o.ses,
ascen+ants, +escen+ants, le4itimate, nat.ral, an+ a+o2te+ brothers an+ sisters, or relati3es by
a,,inity within the same +e4rees, with the sin4le e1ce2tion o, accessories ,allin4 within the
2ro3isions o, 2ara4ra2h 1 o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article*
Title Three
P E % A ' T # E &

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Art* 01* Penalties that may be imposed. %o ,elony shall be 2.nishable by any 2enalty not
2rescribe+ by law 2rior to its commission*
Art* 00* Retroactive effect of penal laws* Penal 'aws shall ha3e a retroacti3e e,,ect inso,ar as
they ,a3or the 2ersons 4.ilty o, a ,elony, who is not a habit.al criminal, as this term is +e,ine+ in
).le < o, Article B0 o, this "o+e, altho.4h at the time o, the 2.blication o, s.ch laws a ,inal
sentence has been 2rono.nce+ an+ the con3ict is ser3in4 the same*
Art* 03* (ffect of pardon by the offended party* A 2ar+on o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty +oes not
e1tin4.ish criminal action e1ce2t as 2ro3i+e+ in Article 3:: o, this "o+e9 b.t ci3il liability with
re4ar+ to the interest o, the in6.re+ 2arty is e1tin4.ishe+ by his e12ress wai3er*
Art* 0:* 'easures of prevention or safety which are nor considered penalties* The ,ollowin4
shall not be consi+ere+ as 2enalties7
1* The arrest an+ tem2orary +etention o, acc.se+ 2ersons, as well as their +etention by
reason o, insanity or imbecility, or illness reA.irin4 their con,inement in a hos2ital*
-
0* The commitment o, a minor to any o, the instit.tions mentione+ in Article 80 an+ ,or
the 2.r2oses s2eci,ie+ therein*
3* &.s2ension ,rom the em2loyment o, 2.blic o,,ice +.rin4 the trial or in or+er to
instit.te 2rocee+in4s*
:* !ines an+ other correcti3e meas.res which, in the e1ercise o, their a+ministrati3e
+isci2linary 2owers, s.2erior o,,icials may im2ose .2on their s.bor+inates*
<* De2ri3ation o, ri4hts an+ the re2arations which the ci3il laws may establish in 2enal
,orm*
"ha2ter Two
"'A&&#!#"AT#% ! PE%A'T#E&

Art* 0<* Penalties which may be imposed. The 2enalties which may be im2ose+ accor+in4 to
this "o+e, an+ their +i,,erent classes, are those incl.+e+ in the ,ollowin47
&cale P)#%"#PA' PE%A'T#E&

"a2ital 2.nishment7 Death*
A,,licti3e 2enalties7 )ecl.sion 2er2et.a,
)ecl.sion tem2oral,
Per2et.al or tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ication,
Per2et.al or tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication,
Prision mayor*

"orrectional 2enalties7 Prision correccional,
Arresto mayor,
&.s2ension,
Destierro*

'i4ht 2enalties7 Arresto menor,
1)
P.blic cens.re*

Penalties common
to the three 2rece+in4
classes7 !ine, an+ =on+ to kee2 the 2eace*

A""E&&)@ PE%A'T#E&
Per2et.al or tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ication,
Per2et.al or tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication,
&.s2ension ,rom 2.blic o,,ice, the ri4ht to 3ote an+ be 3ote+ ,or, the 2ro,ession or callin4*
"i3il inter+iction,
#n+emni,ication,
!or,eit.re or con,iscation o, instr.ments an+ 2rocee+s o, the o,,ense,
Payment o, costs*
Art* 0B* !hen afflictive, correctional, or li"ht penalty* A ,ine, whether im2ose+ as a sin4le o, as
an alternati3e 2enalty, shall be consi+ere+ an a,,licti3e 2enalty, i, it e1cee+s B,000 2esos9 a
correctional 2enalty, i, it +oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos b.t is not less than 000 2esos9 an+ a li4ht
2enalty i, it less than 000 2esos*
"ha2ter Three
D>)AT#% A%D E!!E"T& ! PE%A'T#E&

&ection ne* D.ration o, Penalties

Art* 0C* Reclusion perpetua. Any 2erson sentence+ to any o, the 2er2et.al 2enalties shall be
2ar+one+ a,ter .n+er4oin4 the 2enalty ,or thirty years, .nless s.ch 2erson by reason o, his
con+.ct or some other serio.s ca.se shall be consi+ere+ by the "hie, E1ec.ti3e as .nworthy o,
2ar+on*
Reclusion temporal* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral shall be ,rom twel3e years an+
one +ay to twenty years*
Prision mayor and temporary dis)ualification. The +.ration o, the 2enalties o, 2rision
mayor an+ tem2orary +isA.ali,ication shall be ,rom si1 years an+ one +ay to twel3e years, e1ce2t
11
when the 2enalty o, +isA.ali,ication is im2ose+ as an accessory 2enalty, in which case its
+.ration shall be that o, the 2rinci2al 2enalty*
Prision correccional, suspension, and destierro. The +.ration o, the 2enalties o, 2rision
correccional, s.s2ension an+ +estierro shall be ,rom si1 months an+ one +ay to si1 years, e1ce2t
when s.s2ension is im2ose+ as an accessory 2enalty, in which case, its +.ration shall be that o,
the 2rinci2al 2enalty*
Arresto mayor. The +.ration o, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be ,rom one month
an+ one +ay to si1 months*
Arresto menor. The +.ration o, the 2enalty o, arresto menor shall be ,rom one +ay to
thirty +ays*
*ond to keep the peace. The bon+ to kee2 the 2eace shall be reA.ire+ to co3er s.ch
2erio+ o, time as the co.rt may +etermine*
Art* 08* Computation of penalties. #, the o,,en+er shall be in 2rison, the term o, the +.ration o,
the tem2orary 2enalties shall be com2.te+ ,rom the +ay on which the 6.+4ment o, con3iction shall
ha3e become ,inal*
#, the o,,en+er be not in 2rison, the term o, the +.ration o, the 2enalty consistin4 o,
+e2ri3ation o, liberty shall be com2.te+ ,rom the +ay that the o,,en+er is 2lace+ at the +is2osal o,
the 6.+icial a.thorities ,or the en,orcement o, the 2enalty* The +.ration o, the other 2enalties shall
be com2.te+ only ,rom the +ay on which the +e,en+ant commences to ser3e his sentence*
Art* 09* Period of preventive imprisonment deducted from term of imprisonment. ,,en+ers
who ha3e .n+er4one 2re3enti3e im2risonment shall be cre+ite+ in the ser3ice o, their sentence
consistin4 o, +e2ri3ation o, liberty, with the ,.ll time +.rin4 which they ha3e .n+er4one 2re3enti3e
im2risonment, i, the +etention 2risoner a4rees 3ol.ntarily in writin4 to abi+e by the same
+isci2linary r.les im2ose+ .2on con3icte+ 2risoners, e1ce2t in the ,ollowin4 cases7
1* ;hen they are reci+i3ists or ha3e been con3icte+ 2re3io.sly twice or more times o,
any crime9 an+
0* ;hen .2on bein4 s.mmone+ ,or the e1ec.tion o, their sentence they ha3e ,aile+ to
s.rren+er 3ol.ntarily*
#, the +etention 2risoner +oes not a4ree to abi+e by the same +isci2linary r.les im2ose+
.2on con3icte+ 2risoners, he shall be cre+ite+ in the ser3ice o, his sentence with ,o.r/,i,ths o, the
time +.rin4 which he has .n+er4one 2re3enti3e im2risonment* (As amen+e+ by )e2.blic Act
B10C, -.ne 1C, 19C0)*
12
;hene3er an acc.se+ has .n+er4one 2re3enti3e im2risonment ,or a 2erio+ eA.al to or
more than the 2ossible ma1im.m im2risonment o, the o,,ense char4e+ to which he may be
sentence+ an+ his case is not yet terminate+, he shall be release+ imme+iately witho.t 2re6.+ice
to the contin.ation o, the trial thereo, or the 2rocee+in4 on a22eal, i, the same is .n+er re3iew* #n
case the ma1im.m 2enalty to which the acc.se+ may be sentence+ is +estierro, he shall be
release+ a,ter thirty (30) +ays o, 2re3enti3e im2risonment. (As amen+e+ by E** %o* 01:, -.ly 10,
1988)*
&ection Two* E,,ects o, the 2enalties
accor+in4 to their res2ecti3e nat.re

Art* 30* (ffects of the penalties of perpetual or temporary absolute dis)ualification. The
2enalties o, 2er2et.al or tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ication ,or 2.blic o,,ice shall 2ro+.ce the
,ollowin4 e,,ects7
1* The +e2ri3ation o, the 2.blic o,,ices an+ em2loyments which the o,,en+er may ha3e
hel+ e3en i, con,erre+ by 2o2.lar election*
0* The +e2ri3ation o, the ri4ht to 3ote in any election ,or any 2o2.lar o,,ice or to be
electe+ to s.ch o,,ice*
3* The +isA.ali,ication ,or the o,,ices or 2.blic em2loyments an+ ,or the e1ercise o, any
o, the ri4hts mentione+*

#n case o, tem2orary +isA.ali,ication, s.ch +isA.ali,ication as is com2rise+ in
2ara4ra2hs 0 an+ 3 o, this article shall last +.rin4 the term o, the sentence*
:* The loss o, all ri4hts to retirement 2ay or other 2ension ,or any o,,ice ,ormerly hel+*
Art* 31* (ffect of the penalties of perpetual or temporary special dis)ualification. The 2enalties
o, 2er2et.al or tem2oral s2ecial +isA.ali,ication ,or 2.blic o,,ice, 2ro,ession or callin4 shall
2ro+.ce the ,ollowin4 e,,ects7
1* The +e2ri3ation o, the o,,ice, em2loyment, 2ro,ession or callin4 a,,ecte+9
0* The +isA.ali,ication ,or hol+in4 similar o,,ices or em2loyments either 2er2et.ally or
+.rin4 the term o, the sentence accor+in4 to the e1tent o, s.ch +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 30* (ffect of the penalties of perpetual or temporary special dis)ualification for the eercise of
the ri"ht of suffra"e. The 2er2et.al or tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication ,or the e1ercise o, the
ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e shall +e2ri3e the o,,en+er 2er2et.ally or +.rin4 the term o, the sentence,
accor+in4 to the nat.re o, sai+ 2enalty, o, the ri4ht to 3ote in any 2o2.lar election ,or any 2.blic
o,,ice or to be electe+ to s.ch o,,ice* ?oreo3er, the o,,en+er shall not be 2ermitte+ to hol+ any
2.blic o,,ice +.rin4 the 2erio+ o, his +isA.ali,ication*
13
Art* 33* (ffects of the penalties of suspension from any public office, profession or callin", or the
ri"ht of suffra"e. The s.s2ension ,rom 2.blic o,,ice, 2ro,ession or callin4, an+ the e1ercise o,
the ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e shall +isA.ali,y the o,,en+er ,rom hol+in4 s.ch o,,ice or e1ercisin4 s.ch
2ro,ession or callin4 or ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e +.rin4 the term o, the sentence*
The 2erson s.s2en+e+ ,rom hol+in4 2.blic o,,ice shall not hol+ another ha3in4 similar
,.nctions +.rin4 the 2erio+ o, his s.s2ension*
Art* 3:* Civil interdiction. "i3il inter+iction shall +e2ri3e the o,,en+er +.rin4 the time o, his
sentence o, the ri4hts o, 2arental a.thority, or 4.ar+ianshi2, either as to the 2erson or 2ro2erty o,
any war+, o, marital a.thority, o, the ri4ht to mana4e his 2ro2erty an+ o, the ri4ht to +is2ose o,
s.ch 2ro2erty by any act or any con3eyance inter 3i3os*
Art* 3<* (ffects of bond to keep the peace. #t shall be the +.ty o, any 2erson sentence+ to 4i3e
bon+ to kee2 the 2eace, to 2resent two s.,,icient s.reties who shall .n+ertake that s.ch 2erson
will not commit the o,,ense so.4ht to be 2re3ente+, an+ that in case s.ch o,,ense be committe+
they will 2ay the amo.nt +etermine+ by the co.rt in the 6.+4ment, or otherwise to +e2osit s.ch
amo.nt in the o,,ice o, the clerk o, the co.rt to 4.arantee sai+ .n+ertakin4*
The co.rt shall +etermine, accor+in4 to its +iscretion, the 2erio+ o, +.ration o, the bon+*
&ho.l+ the 2erson sentence+ ,ail to 4i3e the bon+ as reA.ire+ he shall be +etaine+ ,or a
2erio+ which shall in no case e1cee+ si1 months, is he shall ha3e been 2rosec.te+ ,or a 4ra3e or
less 4ra3e ,elony, an+ shall not e1cee+ thirty +ays, i, ,or a li4ht ,elony*
Art* 3B* Pardon+ its effect. A 2ar+on shall not work the restoration o, the ri4ht to hol+ 2.blic
o,,ice, or the ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e, .nless s.ch ri4hts be e12ressly restore+ by the terms o, the
2ar+on*
A 2ar+on shall in no case e1em2t the c.l2rit ,rom the 2ayment o, the ci3il in+emnity
im2ose+ .2on him by the sentence*
Art* 3C* Cost+ !hat are included. "osts shall incl.+e ,ees an+ in+emnities in the co.rse o, the
6.+icial 2rocee+in4s, whether they be ,i1e+ or .nalterable amo.nts 2re3io.sly +etermine+ by law
or re4.lations in ,orce, or amo.nts not s.b6ect to sche+.le*
Art* 38* Pecuniary liabilities+ $rder of payment. #n case the 2ro2erty o, the o,,en+er sho.l+ not
be s.,,icient ,or the 2ayment o, all his 2ec.niary liabilities, the same shall be met in the ,ollowin4
or+er7
1* The re2aration o, the +ama4e ca.se+*
0* #n+emni,ication o, conseA.ential +ama4es*
3* The ,ine*
:* The cost o, the 2rocee+in4s*
1*
Art* 39* ,ubsidiary penalty. #, the con3ict has no 2ro2erty with which to meet the ,ine
mentione+ in the 2ara4ra2h 3 o, the nest 2rece+in4 article, he shall be s.b6ect to a s.bsi+iary
2ersonal liability at the rate o, one +ay ,or each ei4ht 2esos, s.b6ect to the ,ollowin4 r.les7
1* #, the 2rinci2al 2enalty im2ose+ be 2rision correccional or arresto an+ ,ine, he shall
remain .n+er con,inement .ntil his ,ine re,erre+ to in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h is
satis,ie+, b.t his s.bsi+iary im2risonment shall not e1cee+ one/thir+ o, the term o, the
sentence, an+ in no case shall it contin.e ,or more than one year, an+ no ,raction or
2art o, a +ay shall be co.nte+ a4ainst the 2risoner*
0* ;hen the 2rinci2al 2enalty im2ose+ be only a ,ine, the s.bsi+iary im2risonment shall
not e1cee+ si1 months, i, the c.l2rit shall ha3e been 2rosec.te+ ,or a 4ra3e or less
4ra3e ,elony, an+ shall not e1cee+ ,i,teen +ays, i, ,or a li4ht ,elony*
3* ;hen the 2rinci2al im2ose+ is hi4her than 2rision correccional, no s.bsi+iary
im2risonment shall be im2ose+ .2on the c.l2rit*
:* #, the 2rinci2al 2enalty im2ose+ is not to be e1ec.te+ by con,inement in a 2enal
instit.tion, b.t s.ch 2enalty is o, ,i1e+ +.ration, the con3ict, +.rin4 the 2erio+ o, time
establishe+ in the 2rece+in4 r.les, shall contin.e to s.,,er the same +e2ri3ations as
those o, which the 2rinci2al 2enalty consists*
<* The s.bsi+iary 2ersonal liability which the con3ict may ha3e s.,,ere+ by reason o, his
insol3ency shall not relie3e him, ,rom the ,ine in case his ,inancial circ.mstances
sho.l+ im2ro3e* (As amen+e+ by )A <:B<, A2ril 01, 19B9)*
&ection Three* Penalties in which other accessory 2enalties are inherent

Art* :0* Death+ -ts accessory penalties. The +eath 2enalty, when it is not e1ec.te+ by reason o,
comm.tation or 2ar+on shall carry with it that o, 2er2et.al absol.te +isA.ali,ication an+ that o,
ci3il inter+iction +.rin4 thirty years ,ollowin4 the +ate sentence, .nless s.ch accessory 2enalties
ha3e been e12ressly remitte+ in the 2ar+on*
Art* :1* Reclusion perpetua and reclusion temporal+ Their accessory penalties. The 2enalties
o, recl.sion 2er2et.a an+ recl.sion tem2oral shall carry with them that o, ci3il inter+iction ,or li,e
or +.rin4 the 2erio+ o, the sentence as the case may be, an+ that o, 2er2et.al absol.te
+isA.ali,ication which the o,,en+er shall s.,,er e3en tho.4h 2ar+one+ as to the 2rinci2al 2enalty,
.nless the same shall ha3e been e12ressly remitte+ in the 2ar+on*
Art* :0* Prision mayor+ -ts accessory penalties. The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor, shall carry with it
that o, tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ication an+ that o, 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication ,rom the
ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e which the o,,en+er shall s.,,er altho.4h 2ar+one+ as to the 2rinci2al 2enalty,
.nless the same shall ha3e been e12ressly remitte+ in the 2ar+on*
15
Art* :3* Prision correccional+ -ts accessory penalties. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional shall
carry with it that o, s.s2ension ,rom 2.blic o,,ice, ,rom the ri4ht to ,ollow a 2ro,ession or callin4,
an+ that o, 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication ,rom the ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e, i, the +.ration o, sai+
im2risonment shall e1cee+ ei4hteen months* The o,,en+er shall s.,,er the +isA.ali,ication
2ro3i+e+ in the article altho.4h 2ar+one+ as to the 2rinci2al 2enalty, .nless the same shall ha3e
been e12ressly remitte+ in the 2ar+on*
Art* ::* Arresto+ -ts accessory penalties. The 2enalty o, arresto shall carry with it that o,
s.s2ension o, the ri4ht too hol+ o,,ice an+ the ri4ht o, s.,,ra4e +.rin4 the term o, the sentence*
Art* :<* Confiscation and forfeiture of the proceeds or instruments of the crime. E3ery 2enalty
im2ose+ ,or the commission o, a ,elony shall carry with it the ,or,eit.re o, the 2rocee+s o, the
crime an+ the instr.ments or tools with which it was committe+*
&.ch 2rocee+s an+ instr.ments or tools shall be con,iscate+ an+ ,or,eite+ in ,a3or o, the
8o3ernment, .nless they be 2ro2erty o, a thir+ 2erson not liable ,or the o,,ense, b.t those articles
which are not s.b6ect o, law,.l commerce shall be +estroye+*
"ha2ter !o.r
APP'#"AT#% ! PE%A'T#E&

&ection ne* ).les ,or the a22lication o, 2enalties
to the 2ersons criminally liable an+ ,or the 4ra+.ation o, the same*

Art* :B* Penalty to be imposed upon principals in "eneral. The 2enalty 2rescribe+ by law ,or
the commission o, a ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the 2rinci2als in the commission o, s.ch
,elony*
;hene3er the law 2rescribes a 2enalty ,or a ,elony is 4eneral terms, it shall be
.n+erstoo+ as a22licable to the cons.mmate+ ,elony*
Art* :C* -n what cases the death penalty shall not be imposed. The +eath 2enalty shall be
im2ose+ in all cases in which it m.st be im2ose+ .n+er e1istin4 laws, e1ce2t in the ,ollowin4
cases7
1* ;hen the 4.ilty 2erson be more than se3enty years o, a4e*
0* ;hen .2on a22eal or re3ision o, the case by the &.2reme "o.rt, all the members
thereo, are not .nanimo.s in their 3otin4 as to the 2ro2riety o, the im2osition o, the
+eath 2enalty* !or the im2osition o, sai+ 2enalty or ,or the con,irmation o, a 6.+4ment
o, the in,erior co.rt im2osin4 the +eath sentence, the &.2reme "o.rt shall ren+er its
+ecision 2er c.riam, which shall be si4ne+ by all 6.stices o, sai+ co.rt, .nless some
member or members thereo, shall ha3e been +isA.ali,ie+ ,rom takin4 2art in the
consi+eration o, the case, in which e3en the .nanimo.s 3ote an+ si4nat.re o, only
the remainin4 6.stices shall be reA.ire+*
1+
Art* :8* Penalty for comple crimes. ;hen a sin4le act constit.tes two or more 4ra3e or less
4ra3e ,elonies, or when an o,,ense is a necessary means ,or committin4 the other, the 2enalty ,or
the most serio.s crime shall be im2ose+, the same to be a22lie+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
Art* :9* Penalty to be imposed upon the principals when the crime committed is different from
that intended. #n cases in which the ,elony committe+ is +i,,erent ,rom that which the o,,en+er
inten+e+ to commit, the ,ollowin4 r.les shall be obser3e+7
1* #, the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the ,elony committe+ be hi4her than that corres2on+in4
to the o,,ense which the acc.se+ inten+e+ to commit, the 2enalty corres2on+in4 to
the latter shall be im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
0* #, the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the ,elony committe+ be lower than that corres2on+in4 to
the one which the acc.se+ inten+e+ to commit, the 2enalty ,or the ,ormer shall be
im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
3* The r.le establishe+ by the ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h shall not be a22licable i, the
acts committe+ by the 4.ilty 2erson shall also constit.te an attem2t or ,r.stration o,
another crime, i, the law 2rescribes a hi4her 2enalty ,or either o, the latter o,,enses, in
which case the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or the attem2te+ or the ,r.strate+ crime shall be
im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
Art* <0* Penalty to be imposed upon principals of a frustrated crime. The 2enalty ne1t lower in
+e4ree than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the cons.mmate+ ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the
2rinci2al in a ,r.strate+ ,elony*
Art* <1* Penalty to be imposed upon principals of attempted crimes. A 2enalty lower by two
+e4rees than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the cons.mmate+ ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the
2rinci2als in an attem2t to commit a ,elony*
Art* <0* Penalty to be imposed upon accomplices in consummated crime. The 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the cons.mmate+ shall be im2ose+ .2on the
accom2lices in the commission o, a cons.mmate+ ,elony*
Art* <3* Penalty to be imposed upon accessories to the commission of a consummated felony.
The 2enalty lower by two +e4rees than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the cons.mmate+ ,elony shall
be im2ose+ .2on the accessories to the commission o, a cons.mmate+ ,elony*
Art* <:* Penalty to be imposed upon accomplices in a frustrated crime. The 2enalty ne1t lower
in +e4ree than 2rescribe+ by law ,or the ,r.strate+ ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the accom2lices
in the commission o, a ,r.strate+ ,elony*
1,
Art* <<* Penalty to be imposed upon accessories of a frustrated crime. The 2enalty lower by
two +e4rees than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the ,r.strate+ ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the
accessories to the commission o, a ,r.strate+ ,elony*
Art* <B* Penalty to be imposed upon accomplices in an attempted crime. The 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or an attem2t to commit a ,elony shall be im2ose+
.2on the accom2lices in an attem2t to commit the ,elony*
Art* <C* Penalty to be imposed upon accessories of an attempted crime. The 2enalty lower by
two +e4rees than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the attem2te+ ,elony shall be im2ose+ .2on the
accessories to the attem2t to commit a ,elony*
Art* <8* Additional penalty to be imposed upon certain accessories. Those accessories ,allin4
within the terms o, 2ara4ra2hs 3 o, Article 19 o, this "o+e who sho.l+ act with ab.se o, their
2.blic ,.nctions, shall s.,,er the a++itional 2enalty o, absol.te 2er2et.al +isA.ali,ication i, the
2rinci2al o,,en+er shall be 4.ilty o, a 4ra3e ,elony, an+ that o, absol.te tem2orary +isA.ali,ication
i, he shall be 4.ilty o, a less 4ra3e ,elony*
Art* <9* Penalty to be imposed in case of failure to commit the crime because the means
employed or the aims sou"ht are impossible. ;hen the 2erson inten+in4 to commit an o,,ense
has alrea+y 2er,orme+ the acts ,or the e1ec.tion o, the same b.t ne3ertheless the crime was not
2ro+.ce+ by reason o, the ,act that the act inten+e+ was by its nat.re one o, im2ossible
accom2lishment or beca.se the means em2loye+ by s.ch 2erson are essentially ina+eA.ate to
2ro+.ce the res.lt +esire+ by him, the co.rt, ha3in4 in min+ the social +an4er an+ the +e4ree o,
criminality shown by the o,,en+er, shall im2ose .2on him the 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine
,rom 000 to <00 2esos*
Art* B0* (ception to the rules established in Articles ./ to .0* The 2ro3isions containe+ in
Articles <0 to <C, incl.si3e, o, this "o+e shall not be a22licable to cases in which the law
e12ressly 2rescribes the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or a ,r.strate+ or attem2te+ ,elony, or to be im2ose+
.2on accom2lices or accessories*
Art* B1* Rules for "raduatin" penalties. !or the 2.r2ose o, 4ra+.atin4 the 2enalties which,
accor+in4 to the 2ro3isions o, Articles <0 to <C, incl.si3e, o, this "o+e, are to be im2ose+ .2on
2ersons 4.ilty as 2rinci2als o, any ,r.strate+ or attem2te+ ,elony, or as accom2lices or
accessories, the ,ollowin4 r.les shall be obser3e+7
1* ;hen the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the ,elony is sin4le an+ in+i3isible, the 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4rees shall be that imme+iately ,ollowin4 that in+i3isible 2enalty in the
res2ecti3e 4ra+.ate+ scale 2rescribe+ in Article C1 o, this "o+e*
0* ;hen the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the crime is com2ose+ o, two in+i3isible 2enalties, or
o, one or more +i3isible 2enalties to be im2ose to their ,.ll e1tent, the 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4ree shall be that imme+iately ,ollowin4 the lesser o, the 2enalties
2rescribe+ in the res2ecti3e 4ra+.ate+ scale*
18
3* ;hen the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the crime is com2ose+ o, one or two in+i3isible
2enalties an+ the ma1im.m 2erio+ o, another +i3isible 2enalty, the 2enalty ne1t lower
in +e4ree shall be com2ose+ o, the me+i.m an+ minim.m 2erio+s o, the 2ro2er
+i3isible 2enalty an+ the ma1im.m 2erio+s o, the 2ro2er +i3isible 2enalty an+ the
ma1im.m 2erio+ o, that imme+iately ,ollowin4 in sai+ res2ecti3e 4ra+.ate+ scale*
:* ;hen the 2enalty 2rescribe+ ,or the crime is com2ose+ o, se3eral 2erio+s,
corres2on+in4 to +i,,erent +i3isible 2enalties, the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree shall
be com2ose+ o, the 2erio+ imme+iately ,ollowin4 the minim.m 2rescribe+ an+ o, the
two ne1t ,ollowin4, which shall be taken ,rom the 2enalty 2rescribe+, i, 2ossible9
otherwise ,rom the 2enalty imme+iately ,ollowin4 in the abo3e mentione+ res2ecti3e
4ra+.ate+ scale*
<* ;hen the law 2rescribes a 2enalty ,or a crime in some manner not es2ecially
2ro3i+e+ ,or in the ,o.r 2rece+in4 r.les, the co.rts, 2rocee+in4 by analo4y, shall
im2ose corres2on+in4 2enalties .2on those 4.ilty as 2rinci2als o, the ,r.strate+
,elony, or o, attem2t to commit the same, an+ .2on accom2lices an+ accessories*
&ection Two* ).les ,or the a22lication o, 2enalties with re4ar+ to the miti4atin4 an+
a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances, an+ habit.al +elinA.ency*

Art* B0* (ffect of the attendance of miti"atin" or a""ravatin" circumstances and of habitual
delin)uency. ?iti4atin4 or a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances an+ habit.al +elinA.ency shall be taken
into acco.nt ,or the 2.r2ose o, +iminishin4 or increasin4 the 2enalty in con,ormity with the
,ollowin4 r.les7
1* A44ra3atin4 circ.mstances which in themsel3es constit.te a crime s2ecially
2.nishable by law or which are incl.+e+ by the law in +e,inin4 a crime an+
2rescribin4 the 2enalty there,or shall not be taken into acco.nt ,or the 2.r2ose o,
increasin4 the 2enalty*
0* The same r.le shall a22ly with res2ect to any a44ra3atin4 circ.mstance inherent in
the crime to s.ch a +e4ree that it m.st o, necessity accom2any the commission
thereo,*
3* A44ra3atin4 or miti4atin4 circ.mstances which arise ,rom the moral attrib.tes o, the
o,,en+er, or ,rom his 2ri3ate relations with the o,,en+e+ 2arty, or ,rom any other
2ersonal ca.se, shall only ser3e to a44ra3ate or miti4ate the liability o, the 2rinci2als,
accom2lices an+ accessories as to whom s.ch circ.mstances are atten+ant*
:* The circ.mstances which consist in the material e1ec.tion o, the act, or in the means
em2loye+ to accom2lish it, shall ser3e to a44ra3ate or miti4ate the liability o, those
2ersons only who ha+ knowle+4e o, them at the time o, the e1ec.tion o, the act or
their coo2eration therein*
1-
<* (abit.al +elinA.ency shall ha3e the ,ollowin4 e,,ects7
(a) >2on a thir+ con3iction the c.l2rit shall be sentence+ to the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ by
law ,or the last crime o, which he be ,o.n+ 4.ilty an+ to the a++itional 2enalty o,
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s9
(b) >2on a ,o.rth con3iction, the c.l2rit shall be sentence+ to the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+
,or the last crime o, which he be ,o.n+ 4.ilty an+ to the a++itional 2enalty o,
2rision mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s9 an+
(c) >2on a ,i,th or a++itional con3iction, the c.l2rit shall be sentence+ to the 2enalty
2ro3i+e+ ,or the last crime o, which he be ,o.n+ 4.ilty an+ to the a++itional
2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to recl.sion tem2oral in its
minim.m 2erio+*
%otwithstan+in4 the 2ro3isions o, this article, the total o, the two 2enalties to be im2ose+
.2on the o,,en+er, in con,ormity herewith, shall in no case e1cee+ 30 years*
!or the 2.r2ose o, this article, a 2erson shall be +eeme+ to be habit.al +elinA.ent, is
within a 2erio+ o, ten years ,rom the +ate o, his release or last con3iction o, the crimes o, serio.s
or less serio.s 2hysical in6.ries, robo, hurto, esta,a or ,alsi,ication, he is ,o.n+ 4.ilty o, any o, sai+
crimes a thir+ time or o,tener*
Art* B3* Rules for the application of indivisible penalties. #n all cases in which the law
2rescribes a sin4le in+i3isible 2enalty, it shall be a22lie+ by the co.rts re4ar+less o, any miti4atin4
or a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances that may ha3e atten+e+ the commission o, the +ee+*
#n all cases in which the law 2rescribes a 2enalty com2ose+ o, two in+i3isible 2enalties,
the ,ollowin4 r.les shall be obser3e+ in the a22lication thereo,7
1* ;hen in the commission o, the +ee+ there is 2resent only one a44ra3atin4
circ.mstance, the 4reater 2enalty shall be a22lie+*
0* ;hen there are neither miti4atin4 nor a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances an+ there is no
a44ra3atin4 circ.mstance, the lesser 2enalty shall be a22lie+*
3* ;hen the commission o, the act is atten+e+ by some miti4atin4 circ.mstances an+
there is no a44ra3atin4 circ.mstance, the lesser 2enalty shall be a22lie+*
:* ;hen both miti4atin4 an+ a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances atten+e+ the commission o, the
act, the co.rt shall reasonably allow them to o,,set one another in consi+eration o,
their n.mber an+ im2ortance, ,or the 2.r2ose o, a22lyin4 the 2enalty in accor+ance
with the 2rece+in4 r.les, accor+in4 to the res.lt o, s.ch com2ensation*
2)
Art* B:* Rules for the application of penalties which contain three periods. #n cases in which the
2enalties 2rescribe+ by law contain three 2erio+s, whether it be a sin4le +i3isible 2enalty or
com2ose+ o, three +i,,erent 2enalties, each one o, which ,orms a 2erio+ in accor+ance with the
2ro3isions o, Articles CB an+ CC, the co.rt shall obser3e ,or the a22lication o, the 2enalty the
,ollowin4 r.les, accor+in4 to whether there are or are not miti4atin4 or a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances7
1* ;hen there are neither a44ra3atin4 nor miti4atin4 circ.mstances, they shall im2ose
the 2enalty 2rescribe+ by law in its me+i.m 2erio+*
0* ;hen only a miti4atin4 circ.mstances is 2resent in the commission o, the act, they
shall im2ose the 2enalty in its minim.m 2erio+*
3* ;hen an a44ra3atin4 circ.mstance is 2resent in the commission o, the act, they shall
im2ose the 2enalty in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
:* ;hen both miti4atin4 an+ a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances are 2resent, the co.rt shall
reasonably o,,set those o, one class a4ainst the other accor+in4 to their relati3e
wei4ht*
<* ;hen there are two or more miti4atin4 circ.mstances an+ no a44ra3atin4
circ.mstances are 2resent, the co.rt shall im2ose the 2enalty ne1t lower to that
2rescribe+ by law, in the 2erio+ that it may +eem a22licable, accor+in4 to the n.mber
an+ nat.re o, s.ch circ.mstances*
B* ;hate3er may be the n.mber an+ nat.re o, the a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances, the
co.rts shall not im2ose a 4reater 2enalty than that 2rescribe+ by law, in its ma1im.m
2erio+*
C* ;ithin the limits o, each 2erio+, the co.rt shall +etermine the e1tent o, the 2enalty
accor+in4 to the n.mber an+ nat.re o, the a44ra3atin4 an+ miti4atin4 circ.mstances
an+ the 4reater an+ lesser e1tent o, the e3il 2ro+.ce+ by the crime*
Art* B<* Rule in cases in which the penalty is not composed of three periods. #n cases in which
the 2enalty 2rescribe+ by law is not com2ose+ o, three 2erio+s, the co.rts shall a22ly the r.les
containe+ in the ,ore4oin4 articles, +i3i+in4 into three eA.al 2ortions o, time incl.+e+ in the
2enalty 2rescribe+, an+ ,ormin4 one 2erio+ o, each o, the three 2ortions*
Art* BB* -mposition of fines. #n im2osin4 ,ines the co.rts may ,i1 any amo.nt within the limits
establishe+ by law9 in ,i1in4 the amo.nt in each case attention shall be 4i3en, not only to the
miti4atin4 an+ a44ra3atin4 circ.mstances, b.t more 2artic.larly to the wealth or means o, the
c.l2rit*
Art* BC* Penalty to be imposed when not all the re)uisites of eemption of the fourth circumstance
of Article 12 are present. ;hen all the con+itions reA.ire+ in circ.mstances %.mber : o, Article
10 o, this "o+e to e1em2t ,rom criminal liability are not 2resent, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its
21
ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on the c.l2rit i,
he shall ha3e been 4.ilty o, a 4ra3e ,elony, an+ arresto mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+s, i, o, a less 4ra3e ,elony*
Art* B8* Penalty to be imposed upon a person under ei"hteen years of a"e. ;hen the o,,en+er
is a minor .n+er ei4hteen years an+ his case is one comin4 .n+er the 2ro3isions o, the
2ara4ra2hs ne1t to the last o, Article 80 o, this "o+e, the ,ollowin4 r.les shall be obser3e+7
1* >2on a 2erson .n+er ,i,teen b.t o3er nine years o, a4e, who is not e1em2te+ ,rom
liability by reason o, the co.rt ha3in4 +eclare+ that he acte+ with +iscernment, a
+iscretionary 2enalty shall be im2ose+, b.t always lower by two +e4rees at least than
that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the crime which he committe+*
0* >2on a 2erson o3er ,i,teen an+ .n+er ei4hteen years o, a4e the 2enalty ne1t lower
than that 2rescribe+ by law shall be im2ose+, b.t always in the 2ro2er 2erio+*
Art* B9* Penalty to be imposed when the crime committed is not wholly ecusable. A 2enalty
lower by one or two +e4rees than that 2rescribe+ by law shall be im2ose+ i, the +ee+ is not
wholly e1c.sable by reason o, the lack o, some o, the con+itions reA.ire+ to 6.sti,y the same or to
e1em2t ,rom criminal liability in the se3eral cases mentione+ in Article 11 an+ 10, 2ro3i+e+ that
the ma6ority o, s.ch con+itions be 2resent* The co.rts shall im2ose the 2enalty in the 2erio+
which may be +eeme+ 2ro2er, in 3iew o, the n.mber an+ nat.re o, the con+itions o, e1em2tion
2resent or lackin4*
Art* C0* ,uccessive service of sentence* ;hen the c.l2rit has to ser3e two or more 2enalties,
he shall ser3e them sim.ltaneo.sly i, the nat.re o, the 2enalties will so 2ermit otherwise, the
,ollowin4 r.les shall be obser3e+7
#n the im2osition o, the 2enalties, the or+er o, their res2ecti3e se3erity shall be ,ollowe+
so that they may be e1ec.te+ s.ccessi3ely or as nearly as may be 2ossible, sho.l+ a 2ar+on
ha3e been 4rante+ as to the 2enalty or 2enalties ,irst im2ose+, or sho.l+ they ha3e been ser3e+
o.t*
!or the 2.r2ose o, a22lyin4 the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h the res2ecti3e
se3erity o, the 2enalties shall be +etermine+ in accor+ance with the ,ollowin4 scale7
1* Death,
0* )ecl.sion 2er2et.a,
3* )ecl.sion tem2oral,
:* Prision mayor,
<* Prision correccional,
B* Arresto mayor,
C* Arresto menor,
8* Destierro,
9* Per2et.al absol.te +isA.ali,ication,
22
10 Tem2oral absol.te +isA.ali,ication.
11* &.s2ension ,rom 2.blic o,,ice, the ri4ht to 3ote an+ be 3ote+ ,or, the ri4ht to ,ollow a
2ro,ession or callin4, an+
10* P.blic cens.re*
%otwithstan+in4 the 2ro3isions o, the r.le ne1t 2rece+in4, the ma1im.m +.ration o, the
con3ictEs sentence shall not be more than three/,ol+ the len4th o, time corres2on+in4 to the most
se3ere o, the 2enalties im2ose+ .2on him* %o other 2enalty to which he may be liable shall be
in,licte+ a,ter the s.m total o, those im2ose+ eA.als the same ma1im.m 2erio+*
&.ch ma1im.m 2erio+ shall in no case e1cee+ ,orty years*
#n a22lyin4 the 2ro3isions o, this r.le the +.ration o, 2er2et.al 2enalties (2ena 2er2et.a)
shall be com2.te+ at thirty years* (As amen+e+)*
Art* C1* #raduated scales. #n the case in which the law 2rescribe+ a 2enalty lower or hi4her by
one or more +e4rees than another 4i3en 2enalty, the r.les 2rescribe+ in Article B1 shall be
obser3e+ in 4ra+.atin4 s.ch 2enalty*
The lower or hi4her 2enalty shall be taken ,rom the 4ra+.ate+ scale in which is
com2rise+ the 4i3en 2enalty*
The co.rts, in a22lyin4 s.ch lower or hi4her 2enalty, shall obser3e the ,ollowin4
4ra+.ate+ scales7
&"A'E %* 1
1* Death,
0* )ecl.sion 2er2et.a,
3* )ecl.sion tem2oral,
:* Prision mayor,
<* Prision correccional,
B* Arresto mayor,
C* Destierro,
8* Arresto menor,
9* P.blic cens.re,
10* !ine*

&"A'E %* 0
1* Per2et.al absol.te +isA.ali,ication,
0* Tem2oral absol.te +isA.ali,ication
3* &.s2ension ,rom 2.blic o,,ice, the ri4ht to 3ote an+ be
3ote+ ,or, the ri4ht to ,ollow a 2ro,ession or callin4,
:* P.blic cens.re,
<* !ine*
23
Art* C0* Preference in the payment of the civil liabilities. The ci3il liabilities o, a 2erson ,o.n+
4.ilty o, two or more o,,enses shall be satis,ie+ by ,ollowin4 the chronolo4ical or+er o, the +ates
o, the 6.+4ments ren+ere+ a4ainst him, be4innin4 with the ,irst in or+er o, time*

&ection Three* Pro3isions common in the last two 2rece+in4 sections

Art* C3* Presumption in re"ard to the imposition of accessory penalties* ;hene3er the co.rts
shall im2ose a 2enalty which, by 2ro3ision o, law, carries with it other 2enalties, accor+in4 to the
2ro3isions o, Articles :0, :1, :0, :3 an+ :: o, this "o+e, it m.st be .n+erstoo+ that the accessory
2enalties are also im2ose+ .2on the con3ict*
Art* C:* Penalty hi"her than reclusion perpetua in certain cases. #n cases in which the law
2rescribes a 2enalty hi4her than another 4i3en 2enalty, witho.t s2ecially +esi4natin4 the name o,
the ,ormer, i, s.ch hi4her 2enalty sho.l+ be that o, +eath, the same 2enalty an+ the accessory
2enalties o, Article :0, shall be consi+ere+ as the ne1t hi4her 2enalty*
Art* C<* -ncreasin" or reducin" the penalty of fine by one or more de"rees* ;hene3er it may be
necessary to increase or re+.ce the 2enalty o, ,ine by one or more +e4rees, it shall be increase+
or re+.ce+, res2ecti3ely, ,or each +e4ree, by one/,o.rth o, the ma1im.m amo.nt 2rescribe+ by
law, witho.t howe3er, chan4in4 the minim.m* The same r.les shall be obser3e+ with re4ar+ o,
,ines that +o not consist o, a ,i1e+ amo.nt, b.t are ma+e 2ro2ortional*
Art* CB* 3e"al period of duration of divisible penalties. The le4al 2erio+ o, +.ration o, +i3isible
2enalties shall be consi+ere+ as +i3i+e+ into three 2arts, ,ormin4 three 2erio+s, the minim.m, the
me+i.m, an+ the ma1im.m in the manner shown in the ,ollowin4 table7
TA='E &(;#%8 T(E D>)AT#% ! D#$#&#='E PE%A'T#E&
A%D T(E T#?E #%"'>DED #% EA"( ! T(E#) PE)#D&
Penal.ies Ti&e inl#ded in .he Ti&e inl#ded in i.s Ti&e inl#ded in ifs Ti&e inl#ded in
"enal.% in i.s en.i!e.% &ini&#& "e!iod &edi#& "e!iod i.s &a/. "e!iod
Rel#sion .e&"o!al 0!o& 12 %ea!s 0!o& 12 %ea!s and 0!o& 1* %ea!s1 8 0!o& 1, %ea!s1 *
and 1 da% .o 1 da% .o 1* %ea!s &on.hs and 1 &on.hs and 1
2) %ea!s. and 8 &on.hs. da% .o 1, %ea!s da% .o 2) %ea!s.
and * &on.hs.
P!ision &a%o!1 a$so- 0!o& + %ea!s 0!o& + %ea!s and 1 0!o& 8 %ea!s and 1 0!o& 1) %ea!s and
l#.e dis2#alifia.ion and 1 da% .o da% .o 8 %ea!s. da% .o 1) %ea!s. 1 da% .o 12 %ea!s.
and s"eial .e&"o!a!% 12 %ea!s.
dis2#alifia.ion
2*
TA='E &(;#%8 T(E D>)AT#% ! D#$#&#='E PE%A'T#E&
A%D T(E T#?E #%"'>DED #% EA"( ! T(E#) PE)#D&
Penal.ies Ti&e inl#ded in .he Ti&e inl#ded in i.s Ti&e inl#ded in ifs Ti&e inl#ded in
"enal.% in i.s en.i!e.% &ini&#& "e!iod &edi#& "e!iod i.s &a/. "e!iod
P!ision o!!eional 0!o& + &on.hs 0!o& + &on.hs and 0!o& 2 %ea!s1 * 0!o& * %ea!s1 2
s#s"ension and and 1 da% .o 1 da% .o 2 %ea!s &on.hs and 1 &on.hs and 1
des.ie!!o + %ea!s. and * &on.hs. da% .o * %ea!s da% .o + %ea!s.
and 2 &on.hs.
A!!es.o &a%o! 0!o& 1 &on.h 0!o& 1 .o 2 &on.hs. 0!o& 2 &on.hs 0!o& * &on.hs
and 1 da% .o + and 1 da% .o * and 1 da% .o + &on.hs.
&on.hs. &on.hs.
A!!es.o &eno! 0!o& 1 .o 3) 0!o& 1 .o 1) da%s. 0!o& 11 .o 2)
0!o& 21 .o 3)
da%s. da%s. da%s.
Art* CC* !hen the penalty is a comple one composed of three distinct penalties. #n cases in
which the law 2rescribes a 2enalty com2ose+ o, three +istinct 2enalties, each one shall ,orm a
2erio+9 the li4htest o, them shall be the minim.m the ne1t the me+i.m, an+ the most se3ere the
ma1im.m 2erio+*
;hene3er the 2enalty 2rescribe+ +oes not ha3e one o, the ,orms s2ecially 2ro3i+e+ ,or in
this "o+e, the 2erio+s shall be +istrib.te+, a22lyin4 by analo4y the 2rescribe+ r.les*

"ha2ter !i3e
EDE">T#% A%D &E)$#"E ! PE%A'T#E&

&ection ne* 8eneral Pro3isions

Art* C8* !hen and how a penalty is to be eecuted* %o 2enalty shall be e1ec.te+ e1ce2t by
3irt.e o, a ,inal 6.+4ment*
A 2enalty shall not be e1ec.te+ in any other ,orm than that 2rescribe+ by law, nor with
any other circ.mstances or inci+ents than those e12ressly a.thori5e+ thereby*
#n a++ition to the 2ro3isions o, the law, the s2ecial re4.lations 2rescribe+ ,or the
4o3ernment o, the instit.tions in which the 2enalties are to be s.,,ere+ shall be obser3e+ with
re4ar+ to the character o, the work to be 2er,orme+, the time o, its 2er,ormance, an+ other
inci+ents connecte+ therewith, the relations o, the con3icts amon4 themsel3es an+ other 2ersons,
the relie, which they may recei3e, an+ their +iet*
25
The re4.lations shall make 2ro3ision ,or the se2aration o, the se1es in +i,,erent
instit.tions, or at least into +i,,erent +e2artments an+ also ,or the correction an+ re,orm o, the
con3icts*
Art* C9* ,uspension of the eecution and service of the penalties in case of insanity. ;hen a
con3ict shall become insane or an imbecile a,ter ,inal sentence has been 2rono.nce+, the
e1ec.tion o, sai+ sentence shall be s.s2en+e+ only with re4ar+ to the 2ersonal 2enalty, the
2ro3isions o, the secon+ 2ara4ra2h o, circ.mstance n.mber 1 o, Article 10 bein4 obser3e+ in the
corres2on+in4 cases*
#, at any time the con3ict shall reco3er his reason, his sentence shall be e1ec.te+, .nless
the 2enalty shall ha3e 2rescribe+ in accor+ance with the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e*
The res2ecti3e 2ro3isions o, this section shall also be obser3e+ i, the insanity or
imbecility occ.rs while the con3ict is ser3in4 his sentence*
Art* 80* ,uspension of sentence of minor delin)uents. ;hene3er a minor o, either se1, .n+er
si1teen years o, a4e at the +ate o, the commission o, a 4ra3e or less 4ra3e ,elony, is acc.se+
thereo,, the co.rt, a,ter hearin4 the e3i+ence in the 2ro2er 2rocee+in4s, instea+ o, 2rono.ncin4
6.+4ment o, con3iction, shall s.s2en+ all ,.rther 2rocee+in4s an+ shall commit s.ch minor to the
c.sto+y or care o, a 2.blic or 2ri3ate, bene3olent or charitable instit.tion, establishe+ .n+er the
law o, the care, correction or e+.cation o, or2hane+, homeless, +e,ecti3e, an+ +elinA.ent
chil+ren, or to the c.sto+y or care o, any other res2onsible 2erson in any other 2lace s.b6ect to
3isitation an+ s.2er3ision by the Director o, P.blic ;el,are or any o, his a4ents or
re2resentati3es, i, there be any, or otherwise by the s.2erinten+ent o, 2.blic schools or his
re2resentati3es, s.b6ect to s.ch con+itions as are 2rescribe+ hereinbelow .ntil s.ch minor shall
ha3e reache+ his ma6ority a4e or ,or s.ch less 2erio+ as the co.rt may +eem 2ro2er*
The co.rt, in committin4 sai+ minor as 2ro3i+e+ abo3e, shall take into consi+eration the
reli4ion o, s.ch minor, his 2arents or ne1t o, kin, in or+er to a3oi+ his commitment to any 2ri3ate
instit.tion not .n+er the control an+ s.2er3ision o, the reli4io.s sect or +enomination to which
they belon4*
The Director o, P.blic ;el,are or his +.ly a.thori5e+ re2resentati3es or a4ents, the
s.2erinten+ent o, 2.blic schools or his re2resentati3es, or the 2erson to whose c.sto+y or care
the minor has been committe+, shall s.bmit to the co.rt e3ery ,o.r months an+ as o,ten as
reA.ire+ in s2ecial cases, a written re2ort on the 4oo+ or ba+ con+.ct o, sai+ minor an+ the moral
an+ intellect.al 2ro4ress ma+e by him*
The s.s2ension o, the 2rocee+in4s a4ainst a minor may be e1ten+e+ or shortene+ by the
co.rt on the recommen+ation o, the Director o, P.blic ;el,are or his a.thori5e+ re2resentati3e or
a4ents, or the s.2erinten+ent o, 2.blic schools or his re2resentati3es, accor+in4 as to whether
the con+.ct o, s.ch minor has been 4oo+ or not an+ whether he has com2lie+ with the con+itions
im2ose+ .2on him, or not* The 2ro3isions o, the ,irst 2ara4ra2h o, this article shall not, howe3er,
be a,,ecte+ by those containe+ herein*
2+
#, the minor has been committe+ to the c.sto+y or care o, any o, the instit.tions
mentione+ in the ,irst 2ara4ra2h o, this article, with the a22ro3al o, the Director o, P.blic ;el,are
an+ s.b6ect to s.ch con+itions as this o,,icial in accor+ance with law may +eem 2ro2er to im2ose,
s.ch minor may be allowe+ to stay elsewhere .n+er the care o, a res2onsible 2erson*
#, the minor has beha3e+ 2ro2erly an+ has com2lie+ with the con+itions im2ose+ .2on
him +.rin4 his con,inement, in accor+ance with the 2ro3isions o, this article, he shall be ret.rne+
to the co.rt in or+er that the same may or+er his ,inal release*
#n case the minor ,ails to beha3e 2ro2erly or to com2ly with the re4.lations o, the
instit.tion to which he has been committe+ or with the con+itions im2ose+ .2on him when he was
committe+ to the care o, a res2onsible 2erson, or in case he sho.l+ be ,o.n+ incorri4ible or his
contin.e+ stay in s.ch instit.tion sho.l+ be ina+3isable, he shall be ret.rne+ to the co.rt in or+er
that the same may ren+er the 6.+4ment corres2on+in4 to the crime committe+ by him*
The e12enses ,or the maintenance o, a minor +elinA.ent con,ine+ in the instit.tion to
which he has been committe+, shall be borne totally or 2artially by his 2arents or relati3es or
those 2ersons liable to s.22ort him, i, they are able to +o so, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt9
Pro3i+e+, That in case his 2arents or relati3es or those 2ersons liable to s.22ort him ha3e not
been or+ere+ to 2ay sai+ e12enses or are ,o.n+ in+i4ent an+ cannot 2ay sai+ e12enses, the
m.nici2ality in which the o,,ense was committe+ shall 2ay one/thir+ o, sai+ e12enses9 the
2ro3ince to which the m.nici2ality belon4s shall 2ay one/thir+9 an+ the remainin4 one/thir+ shall
be borne by the %ational 8o3ernment7 Pro3i+e+, howe3er, That whene3er the &ecretary o,
!inance certi,ies that a m.nici2ality is not able to 2ay its share in the e12enses abo3e mentione+,
s.ch share which is not 2ai+ by sai+ m.nici2ality shall be borne by the %ational 8o3ernment*
"hartere+ cities shall 2ay two/thir+s o, sai+ e12enses9 an+ in case a chartere+ city cannot 2ay
sai+ e12enses, the internal re3en.e allotments which may be +.e to sai+ city shall be withhel+
an+ a22lie+ in settlement o, sai+ in+ebte+ness in accor+ance with section ,i3e h.n+re+ an+
ei4hty/ei4ht o, the A+ministrati3e "o+e*
&ection Two* E1ec.tion o, 2rinci2al 2enalties*

Art* 81* !hen and how the death penalty is to be eecuted. The +eath sentence shall be
e1ec.te+ with re,erence to any other an+ shall consist in 2.ttin4 the 2erson .n+er sentence to
+eath by electroc.tion* The +eath sentence shall be e1ec.te+ .n+er the a.thority o, the Director
o, Prisons, en+ea3orin4 so ,ar as 2ossible to miti4ate the s.,,erin4s o, the 2erson .n+er sentence
+.rin4 electroc.tion as well as +.rin4 the 2rocee+in4s 2rior to the e1ec.tion*
#, the 2erson .n+er sentence so +esires, he shall be anaestheti5e+ at the moment o, the
electroc.tion*
Art* 80* 4otification and eecution of the sentence and assistance to the culprit. The co.rt shall
+esi4nate a workin4 +ay ,or the e1ec.tion b.t not the ho.r thereo,9 an+ s.ch +esi4nation shall not
be comm.nicate+ to the o,,en+er be,ore s.nrise o, sai+ +ay, an+ the e1ec.tion shall not take
2lace .ntil a,ter the e12iration o, at least ei4ht ho.rs ,ollowin4 the noti,ication, b.t be,ore s.nset*
2,
D.rin4 the inter3al between the noti,ication an+ the e1ec.tion, the c.l2rit shall, in so ,ar
as 2ossible, be ,.rnishe+ s.ch assistance as he may reA.est in or+er to be atten+e+ in his last
moments by 2riests or ministers o, the reli4ion he 2ro,esses an+ to cons.lt lawyers, as well as in
or+er to make a will an+ con,er with members o, his ,amily or 2ersons in char4e o, the
mana4ement o, his b.siness, o, the a+ministration o, his 2ro2erty, or o, the care o, his
+escen+ants*
Art* 83* ,uspension of the eecution of the death sentence* The +eath sentence shall not be
in,licte+ .2on a woman within the three years ne1t ,ollowin4 the +ate o, the sentence or while she
is 2re4nant, nor .2on any 2erson o3er se3enty years o, a4e* #n this last case, the +eath sentence
shall be comm.te+ to the 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a with the accessory 2enalties 2ro3i+e+ in
Article :0*
Art* 8:* Place of eecution and persons who may witness the same. The e1ec.tion shall take
2lace in the 2enitentiary o, =ilibi+ in a s2ace close+ to the 2.blic 3iew an+ shall be witnesse+ only
by the 2riests assistin4 the o,,en+er an+ by his lawyers, an+ by his relati3es, not e1cee+in4 si1, i,
he so reA.est, by the 2hysician an+ the necessary 2ersonnel o, the 2enal establishment, an+ by
s.ch 2ersons as the Director o, Prisons may a.thori5e*
Art* 8<* Provisions relative to the corpse of the person eecuted and its burial. >nless claime+
by his ,amily, the cor2se o, the c.l2rit shall, .2on the com2letion o, the le4al 2rocee+in4s
s.bseA.ent to the e1ec.tion, be t.rne+ o3er to the instit.te o, learnin4 or scienti,ic research ,irst
a22lyin4 ,or it, ,or the 2.r2ose o, st.+y an+ in3esti4ation, 2ro3i+e+ that s.ch instit.te shall take
char4e o, the +ecent b.rial o, the remains* therwise, the Director o, Prisons shall or+er the
b.rial o, the bo+y o, the c.l2rit at 4o3ernment e12ense, 4rantin4 2ermission to be 2resent thereat
to the members o, the ,amily o, the c.l2rit an+ the ,rien+s o, the latter* #n no case shall the b.rial
o, the bo+y o, a 2erson sentence+ to +eath be hel+ with 2om2*
Art* 8B* Reclusion perpetua, reclusion temporal, prision mayor, prision correccional and arresto
mayor. The 2enalties o, recl.sion 2er2et.a, recl.sion tem2oral, 2rision mayor, 2rision
correccional an+ arresto mayor, shall be e1ec.te+ an+ ser3e+ in the 2laces an+ 2enal
establishments 2ro3i+e+ by the A+ministrati3e "o+e in ,orce or which may be 2ro3i+e+ by law in
the ,.t.re*
Art* 8C* Destierro. Any 2erson sentence+ to +estierro shall not be 2ermitte+ to enter the 2lace
or 2laces +esi4nate+ in the sentence, nor within the ra+i.s therein s2eci,ie+, which shall be not
more than 0<0 an+ not less than 0< kilometers ,rom the 2lace +esi4nate+*
Art* 88* Arresto menor* The 2enalty o, arresto menor shall be ser3e+ in the m.nici2al 6ail, or in
the ho.se o, the +e,en+ant himsel, .n+er the s.r3eillance o, an o,,icer o, the law, when the co.rt
so 2ro3i+es in its +ecision, takin4 into consi+eration the health o, the o,,en+er an+ other reasons
which may seem satis,actory to it*
28
Title !o.r
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Art* 89* 5ow criminal liability is totally etin"uished. "riminal liability is totally e1tin4.ishe+7
1* =y the +eath o, the con3ict, as to the 2ersonal 2enalties an+ as to 2ec.niary
2enalties, liability there,or is e1tin4.ishe+ only when the +eath o, the o,,en+er occ.rs
be,ore ,inal 6.+4ment*
0* =y ser3ice o, the sentence9
3* =y amnesty, which com2letely e1tin4.ishes the 2enalty an+ all its e,,ects9
:* =y absol.te 2ar+on9
<* =y 2rescri2tion o, the crime9
B* =y 2rescri2tion o, the 2enalty9
C* =y the marria4e o, the o,,en+e+ woman, as 2ro3i+e+ in Article 3:: o, this "o+e*
Art* 90* Prescription of crime. "rimes 2.nishable by +eath, recl.sion 2er2et.a or recl.sion
tem2oral shall 2rescribe in twenty years*
"rimes 2.nishable by other a,,licti3e 2enalties shall 2rescribe in ,i,teen years*
Those 2.nishable by a correctional 2enalty shall 2rescribe in ten years9 with the
e1ce2tion o, those 2.nishable by arresto mayor, which shall 2rescribe in ,i3e years*
The crime o, libel or other similar o,,enses shall 2rescribe in one year*
The crime o, oral +e,amation an+ slan+er by +ee+ shall 2rescribe in si1 months*
'i4ht o,,enses 2rescribe in two months*
;hen the 2enalty ,i1e+ by law is a com2o.n+ one, the hi4hest 2enalty shall be ma+e the
basis o, the a22lication o, the r.les containe+ in the ,irst, secon+ an+ thir+ 2ara4ra2hs o, this
article* (As amen+e+ by )A :BB1, a22ro3e+ -.ne 19, 19BB)*
2-
Art* 91* Computation of prescription of offenses. The 2erio+ o, 2rescri2tion shall commence to
r.n ,rom the +ay on which the crime is +isco3ere+ by the o,,en+e+ 2arty, the a.thorities, or their
a4ents, an+ shall be interr.2te+ by the ,ilin4 o, the com2laint or in,ormation, an+ shall commence
to r.n a4ain when s.ch 2rocee+in4s terminate witho.t the acc.se+ bein4 con3icte+ or acA.itte+,
or are .n6.sti,iably sto22e+ ,or any reason not im2.table to him*
The term o, 2rescri2tion shall not r.n when the o,,en+er is absent ,rom the Phili22ine
Archi2ela4o*
Art* 90* !hen and how penalties prescribe. The 2enalties im2ose+ by ,inal sentence 2rescribe
as ,ollows7
1* Death an+ recl.sion 2er2et.a, in twenty years9
0* ther a,,licti3e 2enalties, in ,i,teen years9
3* "orrectional 2enalties, in ten years9 with the e1ce2tion o, the 2enalty o, arresto
mayor, which 2rescribes in ,i3e years9
:* 'i4ht 2enalties, in one year*
Art* 93* Computation of the prescription of penalties. The 2erio+ o, 2rescri2tion o, 2enalties
shall commence to r.n ,rom the +ate when the c.l2rit sho.l+ e3a+e the ser3ice o, his sentence,
an+ it shall be interr.2te+ i, the +e,en+ant sho.l+ 4i3e himsel, .2, be ca2t.re+, sho.l+ 4o to some
,orei4n co.ntry with which this 8o3ernment has no e1tra+ition treaty, or sho.l+ commit another
crime be,ore the e12iration o, the 2erio+ o, 2rescri2tion*
"ha2ter Two
PA)T#A' EDT#%"T#% ! ")#?#%A' '#A=#'#T@
Art* 9:* Partial (tinction of criminal liability* "riminal liability is e1tin4.ishe+ 2artially7
1* =y con+itional 2ar+on9
0* =y comm.tation o, the sentence9 an+
3* !or 4oo+ con+.ct allowances which the c.l2rit may earn while he is ser3in4 his
sentence*
Art* 9<* $bli"ation incurred by person "ranted conditional pardon. Any 2erson who has been
4rante+ con+itional 2ar+on shall inc.r the obli4ation o, com2lyin4 strictly with the con+itions
im2ose+ therein otherwise, his non/com2liance with any o, the con+itions s2eci,ie+ shall res.lt in
the re3ocation o, the 2ar+on an+ the 2ro3isions o, Article 1<9 shall be a22lie+ to him*
Art* 9B* (ffect of commutation of sentence. The comm.tation o, the ori4inal sentence ,or
another o, a +i,,erent len4th an+ nat.re shall ha3e the le4al e,,ect o, s.bstit.tin4 the latter in the
2lace o, the ,ormer*
3)
Art* 9C* Allowance for "ood conduct. The 4oo+ con+.ct o, any 2risoner in any 2enal instit.tion
shall entitle him to the ,ollowin4 +e+.ctions ,rom the 2erio+ o, his sentence7
1* D.rin4 the ,irst two years o, his im2risonment, he shall be allowe+ a +e+.ction o, ,i3e
+ays ,or each month o, 4oo+ beha3ior9
0* D.rin4 the thir+ to the ,i,th year, incl.si3e, o, his im2risonment, he shall be allowe+ a
+e+.ction o, ei4ht +ays ,or each month o, 4oo+ beha3ior9
3* D.rin4 the ,ollowin4 years .ntil the tenth year, incl.si3e, o, his im2risonment, he shall
be allowe+ a +e+.ction o, ten +ays ,or each month o, 4oo+ beha3ior9 an+
:* D.rin4 the ele3enth an+ s.ccessi3e years o, his im2risonment, he shall be allowe+ a
+e+.ction o, ,i,teen +ays ,or each month o, 4oo+ beha3ior*
Art* 98* ,pecial time allowance for loyalty* A +e+.ction o, one/,i,th o, the 2erio+ o, his sentence
shall be 4rante+ to any 2risoner who, ha3in4 e3a+e+ the ser3ice o, his sentence .n+er the
circ.mstances mentione+ in Article <8 o, this "o+e, 4i3es himsel, .2 to the a.thorities within :8
ho.rs ,ollowin4 the iss.ance o, a 2roclamation anno.ncin4 the 2assin4 away o, the calamity or
catastro2he to in sai+ article*
Art* 99* !ho "rants time allowances. ;hene3er law,.lly 6.sti,ie+, the Director o, Prisons shall
4rant allowances ,or 4oo+ con+.ct* &.ch allowances once 4rante+ shall not be re3oke+*

Title !i3e
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Art* 100* Civil liability of a person "uilty of felony* E3ery 2erson criminally liable ,or a ,elony is
also ci3illy liable*
Art* 101* Rules re"ardin" civil liability in certain cases* The e1em2tion ,rom criminal liability
establishe+ in s.b+i3isions 1, 0, 3, < an+ B o, Article 10 an+ in s.b+i3ision : o, Article 11 o, this
"o+e +oes not incl.+e e1em2tion ,rom ci3il liability, which shall be en,orce+ s.b6ect to the
,ollowin4 r.les7
6irst. #n cases o, s.b+i3isions 1, 0, an+ 3 o, Article 10, the ci3il liability ,or acts committe+
by an imbecile or insane 2erson, an+ by a 2erson .n+er nine years o, a4e, or by one o3er nine
b.t .n+er ,i,teen years o, a4e, who has acte+ witho.t +iscernment, shall +e3ol3e .2on those
ha3in4 s.ch 2erson .n+er their le4al a.thority or control, .nless it a22ears that there was no ,a.lt
or ne4li4ence on their 2art*
31
&ho.l+ there be no 2erson ha3in4 s.ch insane, imbecile or minor .n+er his a.thority,
le4al 4.ar+ianshi2 or control, or i, s.ch 2erson be insol3ent, sai+ insane, imbecile, or minor shall
res2on+ with their own 2ro2erty, e1ce2tin4 2ro2erty e1em2t ,rom e1ec.tion, in accor+ance with
the ci3il law*
,econd. #n cases ,allin4 within s.b+i3ision : o, Article 11, the 2ersons ,or whose bene,it
the harm has been 2re3ente+ shall be ci3illy liable in 2ro2ortion to the bene,it which they may
ha3e recei3e+*
The co.rts shall +etermine, in so.n+ +iscretion, the 2ro2ortionate amo.nt ,or which each
one shall be liable*
;hen the res2ecti3e shares cannot be eA.itably +etermine+, e3en a22ro1imately, or
when the liability also attaches to the 8o3ernment, or to the ma6ority o, the inhabitants o, the
town, an+, in all e3ents, whene3er the +ama4es ha3e been ca.se+ with the consent o, the
a.thorities or their a4ents, in+emni,ication shall be ma+e in the manner 2rescribe+ by s2ecial
laws or re4.lations*
Third. #n cases ,allin4 within s.b+i3isions < an+ B o, Article 10, the 2ersons .sin4 3iolence
or ca.sin4 the ,ears shall be 2rimarily liable an+ secon+arily, or, i, there be no s.ch 2ersons,
those +oin4 the act shall be liable, sa3in4 always to the latter that 2art o, their 2ro2erty e1em2t
,rom e1ec.tion*
Art* 100* ,ubsidiary civil liability of innkeepers, tavernkeepers and proprietors of establishments.
#n +e,a.lt o, the 2ersons criminally liable, innkee2ers, ta3ernkee2ers, an+ any other 2ersons or
cor2orations shall be ci3illy liable ,or crimes committe+ in their establishments, in all cases where
a 3iolation o, m.nici2al or+inances or some 4eneral or s2ecial 2olice re4.lation shall ha3e been
committe+ by them or their em2loyees*
#nnkee2ers are also s.bsi+iarily liable ,or the restit.tion o, 4oo+s taken by robbery or the,t
within their ho.ses ,rom 4.ests lo+4in4 therein, or ,or the 2ayment o, the 3al.e thereo,, 2ro3i+e+
that s.ch 4.ests shall ha3e noti,ie+ in a+3ance the innkee2er himsel,, or the 2erson re2resentin4
him, o, the +e2osit o, s.ch 4oo+s within the inn9 an+ shall ,.rthermore ha3e ,ollowe+ the
+irections which s.ch innkee2er or his re2resentati3e may ha3e 4i3en them with res2ect to the
care an+ 3i4ilance o3er s.ch 4oo+s* %o liability shall attach in case o, robbery with 3iolence
a4ainst or intimi+ation o, 2ersons .nless committe+ by the innkee2erEs em2loyees*
Art* 103* ,ubsidiary civil liability of other persons. The s.bsi+iary liability establishe+ in the
ne1t 2rece+in4 article shall also a22ly to em2loyers, teachers, 2ersons, an+ cor2orations
en4a4e+ in any kin+ o, in+.stry ,or ,elonies committe+ by their ser3ants, 2.2ils, workmen,
a22rentices, or em2loyees in the +ischar4e o, their +.ties*
32
"ha2ter Two
;(AT "#$#' '#A=#'#T@ #%"'>DE&

Art* 10:* !hat is included in civil liability. The ci3il liability establishe+ in Articles 100, 101, 100,
an+ 103 o, this "o+e incl.+es7
1* )estit.tion9
0* )e2aration o, the +ama4e ca.se+9
3* #n+emni,ication ,or conseA.ential +ama4es*
Art* 10<* Restitution+ 5ow made. The restit.tion o, the thin4 itsel, m.st be ma+e whene3er
2ossible, with allowance ,or any +eterioration, or +imin.tion o, 3al.e as +etermine+ by the co.rt*
The thin4 itsel, shall be restore+, e3en tho.4h it be ,o.n+ in the 2ossession o, a thir+
2erson who has acA.ire+ it by law,.l means, sa3in4 to the latter his action a4ainst the 2ro2er
2erson, who may be liable to him*
This 2ro3ision is not a22licable in cases in which the thin4 has been acA.ire+ by the thir+
2erson in the manner an+ .n+er the reA.irements which, by law, bar an action ,or its reco3ery*
Art* 10B* Reparation+ 5ow made. The co.rt shall +etermine the amo.nt o, +ama4e, takin4 into
consi+eration the 2rice o, the thin4, whene3er 2ossible, an+ its s2ecial sentimental 3al.e to the
in6.re+ 2arty, an+ re2aration shall be ma+e accor+in4ly*
Art* 10C* -ndemnification+ !hat is included. #n+emni,ication ,or conseA.ential +ama4es shall
incl.+e not only those ca.se+ the in6.re+ 2arty, b.t also those s.,,ere+ by his ,amily or by a thir+
2erson by reason o, the crime*
Art* 108* $bli"ation to make restoration, reparation for dama"es, or indemnification for
conse)uential dama"es and actions to demand the same+ 7pon whom it devolves* The
obli4ation to make restoration or re2aration ,or +ama4es an+ in+emni,ication ,or conseA.ential
+ama4es +e3ol3es .2on the heirs o, the 2erson liable*
The action to +eman+ restoration, re2aration, an+ in+emni,ication likewise +escen+s to
the heirs o, the 2erson in6.re+*
Art* 109* ,hare of each person civilly liable* #, there are two or more 2ersons ci3illy liable ,or a
,elony, the co.rts shall +etermine the amo.nt ,or which each m.st res2on+*
Art* 110* ,everal and subsidiary liability of principals, accomplices and accessories of a felony+
Preference in payment. %otwithstan+in4 the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, the
2rinci2als, accom2lices, an+ accessories, each within their res2ecti3e class, shall be liable
se3erally (in soli+.m) amon4 themsel3es ,or their A.otas, an+ s.bsi+iaries ,or those o, the other
2ersons liable*
33
The s.bsi+iary liability shall be en,orce+, ,irst a4ainst the 2ro2erty o, the 2rinci2als9 ne1t,
a4ainst that o, the accom2lices, an+, lastly, a4ainst that o, the accessories*
;hene3er the liability in soli+.m or the s.bsi+iary liability has been en,orce+, the 2erson
by whom 2ayment has been ma+e shall ha3e a ri4ht o, action a4ainst the others ,or the amo.nt
o, their res2ecti3e shares*
Art* 111* $bli"ation to make restitution in certain cases. Any 2erson who has 2artici2ate+
4rat.ito.sly in the 2rocee+s o, a ,elony shall be bo.n+ to make restit.tion in an amo.nt
eA.i3alent to the e1tent o, s.ch 2artici2ation*
"ha2ter Three
EDT#%"T#% A%D &>)$#$A' ! "#$#' '#A=#'#T@

Art* 110* (tinction of civil liability. "i3il liability establishe+ in Articles 100, 101, 100, an+ 103 o,
this "o+e shall be e1tin4.ishe+ in the same manner as obli4ations, in accor+ance with the
2ro3isions o, the "i3il 'aw*
*
Art* 113* $bli"ation to satisfy civil liability* E1ce2t in case o, e1tinction o, his ci3il liability as
2ro3i+e+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article the o,,en+er shall contin.e to be obli4e+ to satis,y the ci3il
liability res.ltin4 ,rom the crime committe+ by him, notwithstan+in4 the ,act that he has ser3e+ his
sentence consistin4 o, +e2ri3ation o, liberty or other ri4hts, or has not been reA.ire+ to ser3e the
same by reason o, amnesty, 2ar+on, comm.tation o, sentence or any other reason*
=F T;
")#?E& A%D PE%A'T#E&

Title ne
")#?E& A8A#%&T %AT#%A' &E">)#T@ A%D T(E 'A; ! %AT#%&

"ha2ter ne
")#?E& A8A#%&T %AT#%A' &E">)#T@

&ection ne* Treason an+ es2iona4e

Art* 11:* Treason* Any 2erson who, owin4 alle4iance to (the >nite+ &tates or) the 8o3ernment
o, the Phili22ine #slan+s, not bein4 a ,orei4ner, le3ies war a4ainst them or a+heres to their
enemies, 4i3in4 them ai+ or com,ort within the Phili22ine #slan+s or elsewhere, shall be 2.nishe+
by recl.sion tem2oral to +eath an+ shall 2ay a ,ine not to e1cee+ P00,000 2esos*
%o 2erson shall be con3icte+ o, treason .nless on the testimony o, two witnesses at least
to the same o3ert act or on con,ession o, the acc.se+ in o2en co.rt*
3*
'ikewise, an alien, resi+in4 in the Phili22ine #slan+s, who commits acts o, treason as
+e,ine+ in 2ara4ra2h 1 o, this Article shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor to +eath an+ shall 2ay a
,ine not to e1cee+ P00,000 2esos* (As amen+e+ by E** %o* ::, ?ay 31, 19:<)*
Art* 11<* Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason+ Penalty. The cons2iracy or 2ro2osal to
commit the crime o, treason shall be 2.nishe+ res2ecti3ely, by 2rision mayor an+ a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 P10,000 2esos, an+ 2rision correccional an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P<,000 2esos*
Art* 11B* 'isprision of treason* E3ery 2erson owin4 alle4iance to (the >nite+ &tates) the
8o3ernment o, the Phili22ine #slan+s, witho.t bein4 a ,orei4ner, an+ ha3in4 knowle+4e o, any
cons2iracy a4ainst them, conceals or +oes not +isclose an+ make known the same, as soon as
2ossible to the 4o3ernor or ,iscal o, the 2ro3ince, or the mayor or ,iscal o, the city in which he
resi+es, as the case may be, shall be 2.nishe+ as an accessory to the crime o, treason*
Art* 11C* (spiona"e. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional shall be in,licte+ .2on any 2erson
who7
1* ;itho.t a.thority there,or, enters a warshi2, ,ort, or na3al or military establishment or
reser3ation to obtain any in,ormation, 2lans, 2hoto4ra2hs, or other +ata o, a
con,i+ential nat.re relati3e to the +e,ense o, the Phili22ine Archi2ela4o9 or
0* =ein4 in 2ossession, by reason o, the 2.blic o,,ice he hol+s, o, the articles, +ata, or
in,ormation re,erre+ to in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, +iscloses their contents to a
re2resentati3e o, a ,orei4n nation*
The 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree shall be im2ose+ i, the o,,en+er be a 2.blic o,,icer or
em2loyee*
&ection Two* Pro3okin4 war an+ +isloyalty in case o, war

Art* 118* -ncitin" to war or "ivin" motives for reprisals* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral shall
be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee, an+ that o, 2rision mayor .2on any 2ri3ate
in+i3i+.al, who, by .nlaw,.l or .na.thori5e+ acts 2ro3okes or 4i3es occasion ,or a war in3ol3in4
or liable to in3ol3e the Phili22ine #slan+s or e12oses !ili2ino citi5ens to re2risals on their 2ersons
or 2ro2erty*
Art* 119* 8iolation of neutrality* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional shall be in,licte+ .2on
anyone who, on the occasion o, a war in which the 8o3ernment is not in3ol3e+, 3iolates any
re4.lation iss.e+ by com2etent a.thority ,or the 2.r2ose o, en,orcin4 ne.trality*
Art* 100* Correspondence with hostile country* Any 2erson who in time o, war, shall ha3e
corres2on+ence with an enemy co.ntry or territory occ.2ie+ by enemy troo2s shall be 2.nishe+7
35
1* =y 2rision correccional, i, the corres2on+ence has been 2rohibite+ by the
8o3ernment9
0* =y 2rision mayor, i, s.ch corres2on+ence be carrie+ on in ci2hers or con3entional
si4ns9 an+
3* =y recl.sion tem2oral, i, notice or in,ormation be 4i3en thereby which mi4ht be .se,.l
to the enemy* #, the o,,en+er inten+e+ to ai+ the enemy by 4i3in4 s.ch notice or
in,ormation, he shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral to +eath*
Art* 101* 6li"ht to enemy country. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be in,licte+ .2on any
2erson who, owin4 alle4iance to the 8o3ernment, attem2ts to ,lee or 4o to an enemy co.ntry
when 2rohibite+ by com2etent a.thority*

&ection Three* Piracy an+ m.tiny on the hi4h seas

Art* 100* Piracy in "eneral and mutiny on the hi"h seas. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral
shall be in,licte+ .2on any 2erson who, on the hi4h seas, shall attack or sei5e a 3essel or, not
bein4 a member o, its com2lement nor a 2assen4er, shall sei5e the whole or 2art o, the car4o o,
sai+ 3essel, its eA.i2ment, or 2ersonal belon4in4s o, its com2lement or 2assen4ers*
The same 2enalty shall be in,licte+ in case o, m.tiny on the hi4h seas*
Art* 103* 9ualified piracy. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral to +eath shall be im2ose+ .2on
those who commit any o, the crimes re,erre+ to in the 2rece+in4 article, .n+er any o, the ,ollowin4
circ.mstances7
1* ;hene3er they ha3e sei5e+ a 3essel by boar+in4 or ,irin4 .2on the same9
0* ;hene3er the 2irates ha3e aban+one+ their 3ictims witho.t means o, sa3in4
themsel3es9 or
3* ;hene3er the crime is accom2anie+ by m.r+er, homici+e, 2hysical in6.ries or ra2e*
3+
Title Two
")#?E& A8A#%&T T(E !>%DA?E%TA' 'A;& ! T(E &TATE

"ha2ter ne
A)=#T)A)@ DETE%T#% ) EDP>'&#%, $#'AT#% ! D;E''#%8,
P)(#=#T#%, #%TE))>PT#%, A%D D#&&'>T#% ! PEA"E!>' ?EET#%8&
A%D ")#?E& A8A#%&T )E'#8#>& ;)&(#P

&ection ne* Arbitrary +etention an+ e12.lsion

Art* 10:* Arbitrary detention. Any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who, witho.t le4al 4ro.n+s,
+etains a 2erson, shall s.,,er9
1* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its
minim.m 2erio+, i, the +etention has not e1cee+e+ three +ays9
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the
+etention has contin.e+ more than three b.t not more than ,i,teen +ays9
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor, i, the +etention has contin.e+ ,or more than ,i,teen +ays
b.t not more than si1 months9 an+
:* That o, recl.sion tem2oral, i, the +etention shall ha3e e1cee+e+ si1 months*
The commission o, a crime, or 3iolent insanity or any other ailment reA.irin4 the
com2.lsory con,inement o, the 2atient in a hos2ital, shall be consi+ere+ le4al 4ro.n+s ,or the
+etention o, any 2erson*
Art* 10<* Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper %udicial authorities* The
2enalties 2ro3i+e+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article shall be im2ose+ .2on the 2.blic o,,icer or
em2loyee who shall +etain any 2erson ,or some le4al 4ro.n+ an+ shall ,ail to +eli3er s.ch 2erson
to the 2ro2er 6.+icial a.thorities within the 2erio+ o,9 twel3e (10) ho.rs, ,or crimes or o,,enses
2.nishable by li4ht 2enalties, or their eA.i3alent9 ei4hteen (18) ho.rs, ,or crimes or o,,enses
2.nishable by correctional 2enalties, or their eA.i3alent an+ thirty/si1 (3B) ho.rs, ,or crimes, or
o,,enses 2.nishable by a,,licti3e or ca2ital 2enalties, or their eA.i3alent*
#n e3ery case, the 2erson +etaine+ shall be in,orme+ o, the ca.se o, his +etention an+
shall be allowe+ .2on his reA.est, to comm.nicate an+ con,er at any time with his attorney or
co.nsel* (As amen+e+ by E** %os* <9 an+ 0C0, %o3* C, 198B an+ -.ly 0<, 198C, res2ecti3ely)*
Art* 10B* Delayin" release. The 2enalties 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Article 10: shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who +elays ,or the 2erio+ o, time s2eci,ie+ therein the 2er,ormance o,
any 6.+icial or e1ec.ti3e or+er ,or the release o, a 2risoner or +etention 2risoner, or .n+.ly +elays
the ser3ice o, the notice o, s.ch or+er to sai+ 2risoner or the 2rocee+in4s .2on any 2etition ,or
the liberation o, s.ch 2erson*
3,
Art* 10C* (pulsion. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic
o,,icer or em2loyee who, not bein4 there.nto a.thori5e+ by law, shall e12el any 2erson ,rom the
Phili22ine #slan+s or shall com2el s.ch 2erson to chan4e his resi+ence*
&ection Two* $iolation o, +omicile

Art* 108* 8iolation of domicile. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall
be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who, not bein4 a.thori5e+ by 6.+icial or+er, shall
enter any +wellin4 a4ainst the will o, the owner thereo,, search 2a2ers or other e,,ects ,o.n+
therein witho.t the 2re3io.s consent o, s.ch owner, or ha3in4 s.rre2titio.sly entere+ sai+
+wellin4, an+ bein4 reA.ire+ to lea3e the 2remises, shall re,.se to +o so*
#, the o,,ense be committe+ in the ni4ht/time, or i, any 2a2ers or e,,ects not constit.tin4
e3i+ence o, a crime be not ret.rne+ imme+iately a,ter the search ma+e by the o,,en+er, the
2enalty shall be 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s*
Art* 109* ,earch warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in the service of those le"ally obtained.
#n a++ition to the liability attachin4 to the o,,en+er ,or the commission o, any other o,,ense, the
2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+
a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who
shall 2roc.re a search warrant witho.t 6.st ca.se, or, ha3in4 le4ally 2roc.re+ the same, shall
e1cee+ his a.thority or .se .nnecessary se3erity in e1ec.tin4 the same*
Art* 130* ,earchin" domicile without witnesses* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m
an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on a 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who, in cases where a
search is 2ro2er, shall search the +omicile, 2a2ers or other belon4in4s o, any 2erson, in the
absence o, the latter, any member o, his ,amily, or in their +e,a.lt, witho.t the 2resence o, two
witnesses resi+in4 in the same locality*
&ection Three* Prohibition, interr.2tion
an+ +issol.tion o, 2eace,.l meetin4s

Art* 131* Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetin"s. The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who,
witho.t le4al 4ro.n+, shall 2rohibit or interr.2t the hol+in4 o, a 2eace,.l meetin4, or shall +issol3e
the same*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on a 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who shall hin+er
any 2erson ,rom 6oinin4 any law,.l association or ,rom atten+in4 any o, its meetin4s*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who shall
2rohibit or hin+er any 2erson ,rom a++ressin4, either alone or to4ether with others, any 2etition to
the a.thorities ,or the correction o, ab.ses or re+ress o, 4rie3ances*
38
&ection !o.r* "rimes a4ainst reli4io.s worshi2

Art* 130* -nterruption of reli"ious worship* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m
2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who shall 2re3ent or +ist.rb the
ceremonies or mani,estations o, any reli4ion*
#, the crime shall ha3e been committe+ with 3iolence or threats, the 2enalty shall be
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s*
Art* 133* $ffendin" the reli"ious feelin"s. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+
to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on anyone who, in a 2lace
+e3ote+ to reli4io.s worshi2 or +.rin4 the celebration o, any reli4io.s ceremony shall 2er,orm
acts notorio.sly o,,ensi3e to the ,eelin4s o, the ,aith,.l*
Title Three
")#?E& A8A#%&T P>='#" )DE)

"ha2ter ne
)E=E''#%, &ED#T#% A%D D#&'@A'T@

Art* 13:* Rebellion or insurrection+ 5ow committed. The crime o, rebellion or ins.rrection is
committe+ by risin4 2.blicly an+ takin4 arms a4ainst the 8o3ernment ,or the 2.r2ose o, remo3in4
,rom the alle4iance to sai+ 8o3ernment or its laws, the territory o, the Phili22ine #slan+s or any
2art thereo,, o, any bo+y o, lan+, na3al or other arme+ ,orces, +e2ri3in4 the "hie, E1ec.ti3e or
the 'e4islat.re, wholly or 2artially, o, any o, their 2owers or 2rero4ati3es* (As amen+e+ by )*A*
B9B8)*
Article 13:/A* Coup d:etat+ 5ow committed. The crime o, co.2 +Eetat is a swi,t attack
accom2anie+ by 3iolence, intimi+ation, threat, strate4y or stealth, +irecte+ a4ainst +.ly
constit.te+ a.thorities o, the )e2.blic o, the Phili22ines, or any military cam2 or installation,
comm.nications network, 2.blic .tilities or other ,acilities nee+e+ ,or the e1ercise an+ contin.e+
2ossession o, 2ower, sin4ly or sim.ltaneo.sly carrie+ o.t anywhere in the Phili22ines by any
2erson or 2ersons, belon4in4 to the military or 2olice or hol+in4 any 2.blic o,,ice o, em2loyment
with or witho.t ci3ilian s.22ort or 2artici2ation ,or the 2.r2ose o, sei5in4 or +iminishin4 state
2ower* (As amen+e+ by )*A* B9B8)*
Art* 13<* Penalty for rebellion, insurrection or coup d:etat. Any 2erson who 2romotes,
maintains, or hea+s rebellion or ins.rrection shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a*
Any 2erson merely 2artici2atin4 or e1ec.tin4 the comman+s o, others in a rebellion shall
s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral*
Any 2erson who lea+s or in any manner +irects or comman+s others to .n+ertake a co.2
+Eetat shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a*
3-
Any 2erson in the 4o3ernment ser3ice who 2artici2ates, or e1ec.tes +irections or
comman+s o, others in .n+ertakin4 a coup d:etat shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its
ma1im.m 2erio+*
Any 2erson not in the 4o3ernment ser3ice who 2artici2ates, or in any manner s.22orts,
,inances, abets or ai+s in .n+ertakin4 a coup d:etat shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral
in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
;hen the rebellion, ins.rrection, or coup d:etat shall be .n+er the comman+ o, .nknown
lea+ers, any 2erson who in ,act +irecte+ the others, s2oke ,or them, si4ne+ recei2ts an+ other
+oc.ments iss.e+ in their name, as 2er,orme+ similar acts, on behal, or the rebels shall be
+eeme+ a lea+er o, s.ch a rebellion, ins.rrection, or coup d:etat* (As amen+e+ by )*A* B9B8,
a22ro3e+ on ctober 0:, 1990)*
Art* 13B* Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d:etat, rebellion or insurrection. The
cons2iracy an+ 2ro2osal to commit coup d:etat shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor in minim.m
2erio+ an+ a ,ine which shall not e1cee+ ei4ht tho.san+ 2esos (P 8,000*00)*
The cons2iracy an+ 2ro2osal to commit rebellion or ins.rrection shall be 2.nishe+
res2ecti3ely, by 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine which shall not e1cee+ ,i3e
tho.san+ 2esos (P<,000*00) an+ by 2rision correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 two tho.san+ 2esos (P 0,000*00)* (As amen+e+ by )*A* B9B8, a22ro3e+ ctober 0:,
1990)*
Art* 13C* Disloyalty of public officers or employees. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its
minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on 2.blic o,,icers or em2loyees who ha3e ,aile+ to resist a
rebellion by all the means in their 2ower, or shall contin.e to +ischar4e the +.ties o, their o,,ices
.n+er the control o, the rebels or shall acce2t a22ointment to o,,ice .n+er them* ()einstate+ by
E** %o* 18C)*
Art* 138* -ncitin" a rebellion or insurrection* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, witho.t takin4 arms or bein4 in o2en hostility a4ainst the
8o3ernment, shall incite others to the e1ec.tion o, any o, the acts s2eci,ie+ in article 13: o, this
"o+e, by means o, s2eeches, 2roclamations, writin4s, emblems, banners or other
re2resentations ten+in4 to the same en+* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
Art* 139* ,edition+ 5ow committed. The crime o, se+ition is committe+ by 2ersons who rise
2.blicly an+ t.m.lt.o.sly in or+er to attain by ,orce, intimi+ation, or by other means o.tsi+e o,
le4al metho+s, any o, the ,ollowin4 ob6ects7
1* To 2re3ent the 2rom.l4ation or e1ec.tion o, any law or the hol+in4 o, any 2o2.lar
election9
*)
0* To 2re3ent the %ational 8o3ernment, or any 2ro3incial or m.nici2al 4o3ernment or
any 2.blic o,,icer thereo, ,rom ,reely e1ercisin4 its or his ,.nctions, or 2re3ent the
e1ec.tion o, any a+ministrati3e or+er9
3* To in,lict any act o, hate or re3en4e .2on the 2erson or 2ro2erty o, any 2.blic o,,icer
or em2loyee9
:* To commit, ,or any 2olitical or social en+, any act o, hate or re3en4e a4ainst 2ri3ate
2ersons or any social class9 an+
<* To +es2oil, ,or any 2olitical or social en+, any 2erson, m.nici2ality or 2ro3ince, or the
%ational 8o3ernment (or the 8o3ernment o, the >nite+ &tates), o, all its 2ro2erty or
any 2art thereo,*
Art* 1:0* Penalty for sedition* The lea+er o, se+ition shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in
its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 10,000 2esos*
ther 2ersons 2artici2atin4 therein shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its
ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <,000 2esos* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
Art* 1:1* Conspiracy to commit sedition. Persons cons2irin4 to commit the crime o, se+ition
shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 0,000
2esos* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
Art* 1:0* -ncitin" to sedition. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a
,ine not e1cee+in4 0,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, witho.t takin4 any +irect
2art in the crime o, se+ition, sho.l+ incite others to the accom2lishment o, any o, the acts which
constit.te se+ition, by means o, s2eeches, 2roclamations, writin4s, emblems, cartoons, banners,
or other re2resentations ten+in4 to the same en+, or .2on any 2erson or 2ersons who shall .tter
se+itio.s wor+s or s2eeches, write, 2.blish, or circ.late sc.rrilo.s libels a4ainst the 8o3ernment
(o, the >nite+ &tates or the 8o3ernment o, the "ommonwealth) o, the Phili22ines, or any o, the
+.ly constit.te+ a.thorities thereo,, or which ten+ to +ist.rb or obstr.ct any law,.l o,,icer in
e1ec.tin4 the ,.nctions o, his o,,ice, or which ten+ to insti4ate others to cabal an+ meet to4ether
,or .nlaw,.l 2.r2oses, or which s.44est or incite rebellio.s cons2iracies or riots, or which lea+ or
ten+ to stir .2 the 2eo2le a4ainst the law,.l a.thorities or to +ist.rb the 2eace o, the comm.nity,
the sa,ety an+ or+er o, the 8o3ernment, or who shall knowin4ly conceal s.ch e3il 2ractices*
()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
"ha2ter Two
")#?E& A8A#%&T PP>'A) )EP)E&E%TAT#%

&ection ne* "rimes a4ainst le4islati3e bo+ies an+ similar bo+ies

Art* 1:3* Act tendin" to prevent the meetin" of the Assembly and similar bodies. The 2enalty o,
2rision correccional or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 0,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on
*1
any 2erson who, by ,orce or ,ra.+, 2re3ents the meetin4 o, the %ational Assembly ("on4ress o,
the Phili22ines) or o, any o, its committees or s.bcommittees, constit.tional commissions or
committees or +i3isions thereo,, or o, any 2ro3incial boar+ or city or m.nici2al co.ncil or boar+*
()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
Art* 1::* Disturbance of proceedin"s. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine ,rom 000 to 1,000
2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who +ist.rbs the meetin4s o, the %ational Assembly
("on4ress o, the Phili22ines) or o, any o, its committees or s.bcommittees, constit.tional
commissions or committees or +i3isions thereo,, or o, any 2ro3incial boar+ or city or m.nici2al
co.ncil or boar+, or in the 2resence o, any s.ch bo+ies sho.l+ beha3e in s.ch manner as to
interr.2t its 2rocee+in4s or to im2air the res2ect +.e it* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
&ection Two* $iolation o, 2arliamentary imm.nity

Art* 1:<* 8iolation of parliamentary immunity. The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall .se ,orce, intimi+ation, threats, or ,ra.+ to 2re3ent any member o, the
%ational Assembly ("on4ress o, the Phili22ines) ,rom atten+in4 the meetin4s o, the Assembly
("on4ress) or o, any o, its committees or s.bcommittees, constit.tional commissions or
committees or +i3isions thereo,, ,rom e12ressin4 his o2inions or castin4 his 3ote9 an+ the 2enalty
o, 2rision correccional shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who shall, while the
Assembly ("on4ress) is in re4.lar or s2ecial session, arrest or search any member thereo,,
e1ce2t in case s.ch member has committe+ a crime 2.nishable .n+er this "o+e by a 2enalty
hi4her than 2rision mayor*

"ha2ter Three
#''E8A' A&&E?='#E& A%D A&&"#AT#%&

Art* 1:B* -lle"al assemblies* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to
2rision mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on the or4ani5ers or lea+ers o, any
meetin4 atten+e+ by arme+ 2ersons ,or the 2.r2ose o, committin4 any o, the crimes 2.nishable
.n+er this "o+e, or o, any meetin4 in which the a.+ience is incite+ to the commission o, the
crime o, treason, rebellion or ins.rrection, se+ition or assa.lt .2on a 2erson in a.thority or his
a4ents* Persons merely 2resent at s.ch meetin4 shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor, .nless
they are arme+, in which case the 2enalty shall be 2rision correccional*
#, any 2erson 2resent at the meetin4 carries an .nlicense+ ,irearm, it shall be 2res.me+
that the 2.r2ose o, sai+ meetin4, inso,ar as he is concerne+, is to commit acts 2.nishable .n+er
this "o+e, an+ he shall be consi+ere+ a lea+er or or4ani5er o, the meetin4 within the 2.r3iew o,
the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h*
As .se+ in this article, the wor+ "meetin"" shall be .n+erstoo+ to incl.+e a 4atherin4 or
4ro.2, whether in a ,i1e+ 2lace or mo3in4* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
*2
Art* 1:C* -lle"al associations. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on the ,o.n+ers, +irectors, an+
2resi+ents o, associations totally or 2artially or4ani5e+ ,or the 2.r2ose o, committin4 any o, the
crimes 2.nishable .n+er this "o+e or ,or some 2.r2ose contrary to 2.blic morals* ?ere members
o, sai+ associations shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor* ()einstate+ by E** %o* 18C)*
"ha2ter !o.r
A&&A>'T >P%, A%D )E&#&TA%"E A%D D#&=ED#E%"E
T, PE)&%& #% A>T()#T@ A%D T(E#) A8E%T&

Art* 1:8* Direct assaults* Any 2erson or 2ersons who, witho.t a 2.blic .2risin4, shall em2loy
,orce or intimi+ation ,or the attainment o, any o, the 2.r2ose en.merate+ in +e,inin4 the crimes o,
rebellion an+ se+ition, or shall attack, em2loy ,orce, or serio.sly intimi+ate or resist any 2erson in
a.thority or any o, his a4ents, while en4a4e+ in the 2er,ormance o, o,,icial +.ties, or on occasion
o, s.ch 2er,ormance, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m
2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P 1,000 2esos, when the assa.lt is committe+ with a wea2on or
when the o,,en+er is a 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee, or when the o,,en+er lays han+s .2on a 2erson
in a.thority* #, none o, these circ.mstances be 2resent, the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its
minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P <00 2esos shall be im2ose+*
Art* 1:9* -ndirect assaults* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P<00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall make
.se o, ,orce or intimi+ation .2on any 2erson comin4 to the ai+ o, the a.thorities or their a4ents on
occasion o, the commission o, any o, the crimes +e,ine+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article*
Art* 1<0* Disobedience to summons issued by the 4ational Assembly, its committees or
subcommittees, by the Constitutional Commissions, its committees, subcommittees or divisions.
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom two h.n+re+ to one tho.san+ 2esos, or
both s.ch ,ine an+ im2risonment shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, ha3in4 been +.ly
s.mmone+ to atten+ as a witness be,ore the %ational Assembly, ("on4ress), its s2ecial or
stan+in4 committees an+ s.bcommittees, the "onstit.tional "ommissions an+ its committees,
s.bcommittees, or +i3isions, or be,ore any commission or committee chairman or member
a.thori5e+ to s.mmon witnesses, re,.ses, witho.t le4al e1c.se, to obey s.ch s.mmons, or bein4
2resent be,ore any s.ch le4islati3e or constit.tional bo+y or o,,icial, re,.ses to be sworn or 2lace+
.n+er a,,irmation or to answer any le4al inA.iry or to 2ro+.ce any books, 2a2ers, +oc.ments, or
recor+s in his 2ossession, when reA.ire+ by them to +o so in the e1ercise o, their ,.nctions* The
same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall restrain another ,rom atten+in4 as a
witness, or who shall in+.ce +isobe+ience to a s.mmon or re,.sal to be sworn by any s.ch bo+y
or o,,icial*
Art* 1<1* Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority or the a"ents of such person.
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2erson who not bein4 incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, the 2rece+in4 articles shall resist or serio.sly
+isobey any 2erson in a.thority, or the a4ents o, s.ch 2erson, while en4a4e+ in the 2er,ormance
o, o,,icial +.ties*
*3
;hen the +isobe+ience to an a4ent o, a 2erson in a.thority is not o, a serio.s nat.re, the
2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 10 to P100 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on the
o,,en+er*
Art* 1<0* Persons in authority and a"ents of persons in authority+ !ho shall be deemed as such.
#n a22lyin4 the 2ro3isions o, the 2rece+in4 an+ other articles o, this "o+e, any 2erson +irectly
3este+ with 6.ris+iction, whether as an in+i3i+.al or as a member o, some co.rt or 4o3ernmental
cor2oration, boar+, or commission, shall be +eeme+ a 2erson in a.thority* A barrio ca2tain an+ a
baran4ay chairman shall also be +eeme+ a 2erson in a.thority*
A 2erson who, by +irect 2ro3ision o, law or by election or by a22ointment by com2etent
a.thority, is char4e+ with the maintenance o, 2.blic or+er an+ the 2rotection an+ sec.rity o, li,e
an+ 2ro2erty, s.ch as a barrio co.ncilman, barrio 2oliceman an+ baran4ay lea+er an+ any 2erson
who comes to the ai+ o, 2ersons in a.thority, shall be +eeme+ an a4ent o, a 2erson in a.thority*
#n a22lyin4 the 2ro3isions o, Articles 1:8 an+ 1<1 o, this "o+e, teachers, 2ro,essors an+
2ersons char4e+ with the s.2er3ision o, 2.blic or +.ly reco4ni5e+ 2ri3ate schools, colle4es an+
.ni3ersities, an+ lawyers in the act.al 2er,ormance o, their 2ro,essional +.ties or on the occasion
o, s.ch 2er,ormance, shall be +eeme+ 2ersons in a.thority* (As amen+e+ by PD %o* 099, &e2t*
19, 19C3 an+ =atas Pambansa =l4* 8C3, -.ne 10, 198<)*
"ha2ter !i3e
P>='#" D#&)DE)&

Art* 1<3* Tumults and other disturbance of public orders+ Tumultuous disturbance or interruption
liable to cause disturbance. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on
any 2erson who shall ca.se any serio.s +ist.rbance in a 2.blic 2lace, o,,ice, or establishment, or
shall interr.2t or +ist.rb 2.blic 2er,ormances, ,.nctions or 4atherin4s, or 2eace,.l meetin4s, i, the
act is not incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, Articles 131 an+ 130*
The 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree shall be im2ose+ .2on 2ersons ca.sin4 any
+ist.rbance or interr.2tion o, a t.m.lt.o.s character*
The +ist.rbance or interr.2tion shall be +eeme+ to be t.m.lt.o.s i, ca.se+ by more than
three 2ersons who are arme+ or 2ro3i+e+ with means o, 3iolence*
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who in any meetin4,
association, or 2.blic 2lace, shall make any o.tcry ten+in4 to incite rebellion or se+ition or in s.ch
2lace shall +is2lay 2lacar+s or emblems which 2ro3oke a +ist.rbance o, the 2.blic or+er*
The 2enalty o, arresto menor an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P 000 2esos shall be im2ose+
.2on these 2ersons who in 3iolation o, the 2ro3isions containe+ in the last cla.se o, Article 8<,
shall b.ry with 2om2 the bo+y o, a 2erson who has been le4ally e1ec.te+*
**
Art* 1<:* 7nlawful use of means of publication and unlawful utterances. The 2enalty o, arresto
mayor an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom P 000 to P 1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who by means o, 2rintin4, litho4ra2hy, or any other means o, 2.blication
shall 2.blish or ca.se to be 2.blishe+ as news any ,alse news which may en+an4er
the 2.blic or+er, or ca.se +ama4e to the interest or cre+it o, the &tate9
0* Any 2erson who by the same means, or by wor+s, .tterances or s2eeches shall
enco.ra4e +isobe+ience to the law or to the constit.te+ a.thorities or 2raise, 6.sti,y,
or e1tol any act 2.nishe+ by law9
3* Any 2erson who shall malicio.sly 2.blish or ca.se to be 2.blishe+ any o,,icial
resol.tion or +oc.ment witho.t 2ro2er a.thority, or be,ore they ha3e been 2.blishe+
o,,icially9 or
:* Any 2erson who shall 2rint, 2.blish, or +istrib.te or ca.se to be 2rinte+, 2.blishe+, or
+istrib.te+ books, 2am2hlets, 2erio+icals, or lea,lets which +o not bear the real
2rinterEs name, or which are classi,ie+ as anonymo.s*
Art* 1<<* Alarms and scandals. The 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 P000
2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who within any town or 2.blic 2lace, shall +ischar4e any ,irearm, rocket,
,irecracker, or other e12losi3es calc.late+ to ca.se alarm or +an4er9
0* Any 2erson who shall insti4ate or take an acti3e 2art in any chari3ari or other
+isor+erly meetin4 o,,ensi3e to another or 2re6.+icial to 2.blic tranA.ility9
3* Any 2erson who, while wan+erin4 abo.t at ni4ht or while en4a4e+ in any other
noct.rnal am.sements, shall +ist.rb the 2.blic 2eace9 or
:* Any 2erson who, while into1icate+ or otherwise, shall ca.se any +ist.rbance or
scan+al in 2.blic 2laces, 2ro3i+e+ that the circ.mstances o, the case shall not make
the 2ro3isions o, Article 1<3 a22licable*
Art* 1<B* Delivery of prisoners from %ails. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ o,
2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall remo3e
,rom any 6ail or 2enal establishment any 2erson con,ine+ therein or shall hel2 the esca2e o, s.ch
2erson, by means o, 3iolence, intimi+ation, or bribery* #, other means are .se+, the 2enalty o,
arresto mayor shall be im2ose+*
#, the esca2e o, the 2risoner shall take 2lace o.tsi+e o, sai+ establishments by takin4 the
4.ar+s by s.r2rise, the same 2enalties shall be im2ose+ in their minim.m 2erio+*
*5
"ha2ter &i1
E$A&#% ! &E)$#"E ! &E%TE%"E

Art* 1<C* (vasion of service of sentence* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on any con3ict who shall e3a+e ser3ice o, his sentence by
esca2in4 +.rin4 the term o, his im2risonment by reason o, ,inal 6.+4ment* (owe3er, i, s.ch
e3asion or esca2e shall ha3e taken 2lace by means o, .nlaw,.l entry, by breakin4 +oors,
win+ows, 4ates, walls, roo,s, or ,loors, or by .sin4 2icklocks, ,alse keys, +eceit, 3iolence or
intimi+ation, or thro.4h conni3ance with other con3icts or em2loyees o, the 2enal instit.tion, the
2enalty shall be 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
Art* 1<8* (vasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder, confla"rations, earth)uakes,
or other calamities. A con3ict who shall e3a+e the ser3ice o, his sentence, by lea3in4 the 2enal
instit.tion where he shall ha3e been con,ine+, on the occasion o, +isor+er res.ltin4 ,rom a
con,la4ration, earthA.ake, e12losion, or similar catastro2he, or +.rin4 a m.tiny in which he has
not 2artici2ate+, shall s.,,er an increase o, one/,i,th o, the time still remainin4 to be ser3e+ .n+er
the ori4inal sentence, which in no case shall e1cee+ si1 months, i, he shall ,ail to 4i3e himsel, .2
to the a.thorities within ,orty/ei4ht ho.rs ,ollowin4 the iss.ance o, a 2roclamation by the "hie,
E1ec.ti3e anno.ncin4 the 2assin4 away o, s.ch calamity*
"on3icts who, .n+er the circ.mstances mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, shall 4i3e
themsel3es .2 to the a.thorities within the abo3e mentione+ 2erio+ o, :8 ho.rs, shall be entitle+
to the +e+.ction 2ro3i+e+ in Article 98*
Art* 1<9* $ther cases of evasion of service of sentence* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in
its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on the con3ict who, ha3in4 been 4rante+ con+itional
2ar+on by the "hie, E1ec.ti3e, shall 3iolate any o, the con+itions o, s.ch 2ar+on* (owe3er, i, the
2enalty remitte+ by the 4rantin4 o, s.ch 2ar+on be hi4her than si1 years, the con3ict shall then
s.,,er the .ne12ire+ 2ortion o, his ori4inal sentence*
"ha2ter &e3en
"??#&&#% ! A%T(E) ")#?E D>)#%8 &E)$#"E ! PE%A'T@ #?P&ED !)
A%T(E) P)E$#>& !!E%&E

Art* 1B0* Commission of another crime durin" service of penalty imposed for another offense+
Penalty. =esi+es the 2ro3isions o, ).le < o, Article B0, any 2erson who shall commit a ,elony
a,ter ha3in4 been con3icte+ by ,inal 6.+4ment, be,ore be4innin4 to ser3e s.ch sentence, or while
ser3in4 the same, shall be 2.nishe+ by the ma1im.m 2erio+ o, the 2enalty 2rescribe+ by law ,or
the new ,elony*
Any con3ict o, the class re,erre+ to in this article, who is not a habit.al criminal, shall be
2ar+one+ at the a4e o, se3enty years i, he shall ha3e alrea+y ser3e+ o.t his ori4inal sentence, or
when he shall com2lete it a,ter reachin4 the sai+ a4e, .nless by reason o, his con+.ct or other
circ.mstances he shall not be worthy o, s.ch clemency*
*+
Title !o.r
")#?E& A8A#%&T P>='#" #%TE)E&T

"ha2ter ne
! ) 8 E ) # E &

&ection ne* !or4in4 the seal o, the 8o3ernment o, the
Phili22ine #slan+s, the si4nat.re or stam2 o, the "hie, E1ec.ti3e*
Art* 1B1* Counterfeitin" the "reat seal of the #overnment of the Philippine -slands, for"in" the
si"nature or stamp of the Chief (ecutive. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall ,or4e the 8reat &eal o, the 8o3ernment o, the Phili22ine #slan+s or
the si4nat.re or stam2 o, the "hie, E1ec.ti3e*
Art* 1B0* 7sin" for"ed si"nature or counterfeit seal or stamp. The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall knowin4ly make .se o, the co.nter,eit seal or ,or4e+
si4nat.re or stam2 mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 article*
&ection Two* "o.nter,eitin4 "oins

Art* 1B3* 'akin" and importin" and utterin" false coins. Any 2erson who makes, im2orts, or
.tters, ,alse coins, in conni3ance with co.nter,eiters, or im2orters, shall s.,,er7
1* Prision mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P10,000
2esos, i, the co.nter,eite+ coin be sil3er coin o, the Phili22ines or coin o, the "entral
=ank o, the Phili22ines o, ten centa3o +enomination or abo3e*
0* Prision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine o, not to e1cee+
P0,000 2esos, i, the co.nter,eite+ coins be any o, the minor coina4e o, the
Phili22ines or o, the "entral =ank o, the Phili22ines below ten/centa3o +enomination*
3* Prision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P1,000 2esos, i,
the co.nter,eite+ coin be c.rrency o, a ,orei4n co.ntry* (As amen+e+ by )*A* %o*
:000, a22ro3e+ -.ne 19, 19B<)*
Art* 1B:* 'utilation of coins+ -mportation and utterance of mutilated coins. The 2enalty o,
2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P 0,000 2esos shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall m.tilate coins o, the le4al c.rrency o, the >nite+ &tates or o,
the Phili22ine #slan+s or im2ort or .tter m.tilate+ c.rrent coins, or in conni3ance with m.tilators or
im2orters*
Art* 1B<* ,ellin" of false or mutilated coin, without connivance. The 2erson who knowin4ly,
altho.4h witho.t the conni3ance mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 articles, shall 2ossess ,alse or
m.tilate+ coin with intent to .tter the same, or shall act.ally .tter s.ch coin, shall s.,,er a 2enalty
lower by one +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ in sai+ articles*
*,
&ection Three* !or4in4 treas.ry or bank notes, obli4ations an+ sec.rities9 im2ortin4 an+
.tterin4 ,alse or ,or4e+ notes, obli4ations an+ sec.rities*

Art* 1BB* 6or"in" treasury or bank notes on other documents payable to bearer+ importin", and
utterin" such false or for"ed notes and documents. The ,or4in4 or ,alsi,ication o, treas.ry or
bank notes or certi,icates or other obli4ations an+ sec.rities 2ayable to bearer an+ the
im2ortation an+ .tterin4 in conni3ance with ,or4ers or im2orters o, s.ch ,alse or ,or4e+ obli4ations
or notes, shall be 2.nishe+ as ,ollows7
1* =y recl.sion tem2oral in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P10,000 2esos,
i, the +oc.ment which has been ,alsi,ie+, co.nter,eite+, or altere+, is an obli4ations or
sec.rity o, the >nite+ &tates or o, the Phili22ines #slan+s*
The wor+ "obli"ation or security of the 7nited ,tates or of the Philippine -slands"
shall be hel+ to mean all bon+s, certi,icates o, in+ebte+ness, national bank notes,
,ractional notes, certi,icates o, +e2osit, bills, checks, or +ra,ts ,or money, +rawn by or
.2on a.thori5e+ o,,icers o, the >nite+ &tates or o, the Phili22ine #slan+s, an+ other
re2resentati3es o, 3al.e, o, whate3er +enomination, which ha3e been or may be
iss.e+ .n+er any act o, the "on4ress o, the >nite+ &tates or o, the Phili22ine
'e4islat.re*
0* =y 2rision mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P<,000 2esos, i, the
,alsi,ie+ or altere+ +oc.ment is a circ.latin4 note iss.e+ by any bankin4 association
+.ly a.thori5e+ by law to iss.e the same*
3* =y 2rision mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P<,000 2esos, i, the
,alsi,ie+ or co.nter,eite+ +oc.ment was iss.e+ by a ,orei4n 4o3ernment*
:* =y 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P0,000 2esos, when
the ,or4e+ or altere+ +oc.ment is a circ.latin4 note or bill iss.e+ by a ,orei4n bank
+.ly a.thori5e+ there,or*
Art* 1BC* Counterfeitin", importin" and utterin" instruments not payable to bearer. Any 2erson
who shall ,or4e, im2ort or .tter, in conni3ance with the ,or4ers or im2orters, any instr.ment
2ayable to or+er or other +oc.ment o, cre+it not 2ayable to bearer, shall s.,,er the 2enalties o,
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 PB,000 2esos*
Art* 1B8* -lle"al possession and use of false treasury or bank notes and other instruments of
credit. >nless the act be one o, those comin4 .n+er the 2ro3isions o, any o, the 2rece+in4
articles, any 2erson who shall knowin4ly .se or ha3e in his 2ossession, with intent to .se any o,
the ,alse or ,alsi,ie+ instr.ments re,erre+ to in this section, shall s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t lower in
+e4ree than that 2rescribe+ in sai+ articles*
Art* 1B9* 5ow for"ery is committed. The ,or4ery re,erre+ to in this section may be committe+
by any o, the ,ollowin4 means7
*8
1* =y 4i3in4 to a treas.ry or bank note or any instr.ment, 2ayable to bearer or or+er
mentione+ therein, the a22earance o, a tr.e 4en.ine +oc.ment*
0* =y erasin4, s.bstit.tin4, co.nter,eitin4 or alterin4 by any means the ,i4.res, letters,
wor+s or si4ns containe+ therein*
&ection !o.r* !alsi,ication o, le4islati3e, 2.blic, commercial, an+ 2ri3ate+oc.ments, an+
wireless, tele4ra2h, an+ tele2hone messa4e*

Art* 1C0* 6alsification of le"islative documents. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its
ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 PB,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who,
witho.t 2ro2er a.thority there,or alters any bill, resol.tion, or or+inance enacte+ or a22ro3e+ or
2en+in4 a22ro3al by either (o.se o, the 'e4islat.re or any 2ro3incial boar+ or m.nici2al co.ncil*
Art* 1C1* 6alsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister. The 2enalty
o, 2rision mayor an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ P<,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer,
em2loyee, or notary who, takin4 a+3anta4e o, his o,,icial 2osition, shall ,alsi,y a +oc.ment by
committin4 any o, the ,ollowin4 acts7
1* "o.nter,eitin4 or imitatin4 any han+writin4, si4nat.re or r.bric9
0* "a.sin4 it to a22ear that 2ersons ha3e 2artici2ate+ in any act or 2rocee+in4 when
they +i+ not in ,act so 2artici2ate9
3* Attrib.tin4 to 2ersons who ha3e 2artici2ate+ in an act or 2rocee+in4 statements other
than those in ,act ma+e by them9
:* ?akin4 .ntr.th,.l statements in a narration o, ,acts9
<* Alterin4 tr.e +ates9
B* ?akin4 any alteration or intercalation in a 4en.ine +oc.ment which chan4es its
meanin49
C* #ss.in4 in an a.thenticate+ ,orm a +oc.ment 2.r2ortin4 to be a co2y o, an ori4inal
+oc.ment when no s.ch ori4inal e1ists, or incl.+in4 in s.ch a co2y a statement
contrary to, or +i,,erent ,rom, that o, the 4en.ine ori4inal9 or
8* #ntercalatin4 any instr.ment or note relati3e to the iss.ance thereo, in a 2rotocol,
re4istry, or o,,icial book*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on any ecclesiastical minister who shall commit
any o, the o,,enses en.merate+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs o, this article, with res2ect to any
recor+ or +oc.ment o, s.ch character that its ,alsi,ication may a,,ect the ci3il stat.s o, 2ersons*
*-
Art* 1C0* 6alsification by private individual and use of falsified documents. The 2enalty o,
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine o, not more than P<,000
2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2ri3ate in+i3i+.al who shall commit any o, the ,alsi,ications en.merate+ in the
ne1t 2rece+in4 article in any 2.blic or o,,icial +oc.ment or letter o, e1chan4e or any
other kin+ o, commercial +oc.ment9 an+
0* Any 2erson who, to the +ama4e o, a thir+ 2arty, or with the intent to ca.se s.ch
+ama4e, shall in any 2ri3ate +oc.ment commit any o, the acts o, ,alsi,ication
en.merate+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article*
Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly intro+.ce in e3i+ence in any 6.+icial 2rocee+in4 or to the
+ama4e o, another or who, with the intent to ca.se s.ch +ama4e, shall .se any o, the ,alse
+oc.ments embrace+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, or in any o, the ,ore4oin4 s.b+i3isions o, this
article, shall be 2.nishe+ by the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree*
Art* 1C3* 6alsification of wireless, cable, tele"raph and telephone messa"es, and use of said
falsified messa"es. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s
shall be im2ose+ .2on o,,icer or em2loyee o, the 8o3ernment or o, any 2ri3ate cor2oration or
concern en4a4e+ in the ser3ice o, sen+in4 or recei3in4 wireless, cable or tele2hone messa4e
who .tters a ,ictitio.s wireless, tele4ra2h or tele2hone messa4e o, any system or ,alsi,ies the
same*
Any 2erson who shall .se s.ch ,alsi,ie+ +is2atch to the 2re6.+ice o, a thir+ 2arty or with
the intent o, ca.se s.ch 2re6.+ice, shall s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree*

&ection !i3e* !alsi,ication o, me+ical certi,icates,
certi,icates o, merit or ser3ices an+ the like*

Art* 1C:* 6alse medical certificates, false certificates of merits or service, etc. The 2enalties o,
arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not
to e1cee+ P1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2hysician or s.r4eon who, in connection, with the 2ractice o, his 2ro,ession, shall
iss.e a ,alse certi,icate9 an+
0* Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall iss.e a ,alse certi,icate o, merit o, ser3ice, 4oo+ con+.ct
or similar circ.mstances*
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2ri3ate 2erson who shall ,alsi,y
a certi,icate ,allin4 within the classes mentione+ in the two 2rece+in4 s.b+i3isions*
5)
Art* 1C<* 7sin" false certificates* The 2enalty o, arresto menor shall be im2ose+ .2on any one
who shall knowin4ly .se any o, the ,alse certi,icates mentione+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article*
&ection &i1* ?an.,act.rin4, im2ortin4 an+ 2ossession o, instr.ments or im2lements inten+e+
,or the commission o, ,alsi,ication*

Art* 1CB* 'anufacturin" and possession of instruments or implements for falsification. The
2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+
P10,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall make or intro+.ce into the Phili22ine
#slan+s any stam2s, +ies, marks, or other instr.ments or im2lements inten+e+ to be .se+ in the
commission o, the o,,enses o, co.nter,eitin4 or ,alsi,ication mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 sections
o, this "ha2ter*
Any 2erson who, with the intention o, .sin4 them, shall ha3e in his 2ossession any o, the
instr.ments or im2lements mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs, shall s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4ree than that 2ro3i+e+ therein*
"ha2ter Two
T(E) !A'&#!#"AT#%&

&ec* ne* >s.r2ation o, a.thority, rank, title, an+ im2ro2er .se o,
names, .ni,orms an+ insi4nia*

Art* 1CC* 7surpation of authority or official functions. Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly an+
,alsely re2resent himsel, to be an o,,icer, a4ent or re2resentati3e o, any +e2artment or a4ency o,
the Phili22ine 8o3ernment or o, any ,orei4n 4o3ernment, or who, .n+er 2retense o, o,,icial
2osition, shall 2er,orm any act 2ertainin4 to any 2erson in a.thority or 2.blic o,,icer o, the
Phili22ine 8o3ernment or any ,orei4n 4o3ernment, or any a4ency thereo,, witho.t bein4 law,.lly
entitle+ to +o so, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+s*
Art* 1C8* 7sin" fictitious name and concealin" true name. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a
,ine not to e1cee+ <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall 2.blicly .se a ,ictitio.s
name ,or the 2.r2ose o, concealin4 a crime, e3a+in4 the e1ec.tion o, a 6.+4ment or ca.sin4
+ama4e*
Any 2erson who conceals his tr.e name an+ other 2ersonal circ.mstances shall be
2.nishe+ by arresto menor or a ,ine not to e1cee+ 000 2esos*
Art* 1C9* -lle"al use of uniforms or insi"nia* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall 2.blicly an+ im2ro2erly make .se o, insi4nia, .ni,orms or +ress
2ertainin4 to an o,,ice not hel+ by s.ch 2erson or to a class o, 2ersons o, which he is not a
member*
51
&ection Two* !alse testimony

Art* 180* 6alse testimony a"ainst a defendant. Any 2erson who shall 4i3e ,alse testimony
a4ainst the +e,en+ant in any criminal case shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral, i, the +e,en+ant in sai+ case shall ha3e been
sentence+ to +eath9
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor, i, the +e,en+ant shall ha3e been sentence+ to recl.sion
tem2oral or recl.sion 2er2et.a9
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional, i, the +e,en+ant shall ha3e been sentence+ to
any other a,,licti3e 2enalty9 an+
:* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor, i, the +e,en+ant shall ha3e been sentence+ to a
correctional 2enalty or a ,ine, or shall ha3e been acA.itte+*
#n cases 2ro3i+e+ in s.b+i3isions 3 an+ : o, this article the o,,en+er shall ,.rther s.,,er a
,ine not to e1cee+ 1,000 2esos*
Art* 181* 6alse testimony favorable to the defendants. Any 2erson who shall 4i3e ,alse
testimony in ,a3or o, the +e,en+ant in a criminal case, shall s.,,er the 2enalties o, arresto mayor
in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ a ,ine not to e1cee+ 1,000
2esos, i, the 2rosec.tion is ,or a ,elony 2.nishable by an a,,licti3e 2enalty, an+ the 2enalty o,
arresto mayor in any other case*
Art* 180* 6alse testimony in civil cases. Any 2erson ,o.n+ 4.ilty o, ,alse testimony in a ci3il
case shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to e1cee+
B,000 2esos, i, the amo.nt in contro3ersy shall e1cee+ <,000 2esos, an+ the 2enalty o, arresto
mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not to
e1cee+ 1,000 2esos, i, the amo.nt in contro3ersy shall not e1cee+ sai+ amo.nt or cannot be
estimate+*
Art* 183* 6alse testimony in other cases and per%ury in solemn affirmation. The 2enalty o,
arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2erson, who knowin4ly makes .ntr.th,.l statements an+ not bein4 incl.+e+ in
the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 articles, shall testi,y .n+er oath, or make an a,,i+a3it, .2on
any material matter be,ore a com2etent 2erson a.thori5e+ to a+minister an oath in cases in which
the law so reA.ires*
Any 2erson who, in case o, a solemn a,,irmation ma+e in lie. o, an oath, shall commit
any o, the ,alsehoo+s mentione+ in this an+ the three 2rece+in4 articles o, this section, shall
s.,,er the res2ecti3e 2enalties 2ro3i+e+ therein*
52
Art* 18:* $fferin" false testimony in evidence. Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly o,,er in
e3i+ence a ,alse witness or testimony in any 6.+icial or o,,icial 2rocee+in4, shall be 2.nishe+ as
4.ilty o, ,alse testimony an+ shall s.,,er the res2ecti3e 2enalties 2ro3i+e+ in this section*
"ha2ter Three
! ) A > D &

&ection ne* ?achinations, mono2olies an+ combinations

Art* 18<* 'achinations in public auctions. Any 2erson who shall solicit any 4i,t or 2romise as a
consi+eration ,or re,rainin4 ,rom takin4 2art in any 2.blic a.ction, an+ any 2erson who shall
attem2t to ca.se bi++ers to stay away ,rom an a.ction by threats, 4i,ts, 2romises, or any other
arti,ice, with intent to ca.se the re+.ction o, the 2rice o, the thin4 a.ctione+, shall s.,,er the
2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 10 to <0 2er cent.m
o, the 3al.e o, the thin4 a.ctione+*
Art* 18B* 'onopolies and combinations in restraint of trade. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional
in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to B,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who shall enter into any contract or a4reement or shall take 2art in any
cons2iracy or combination in the ,orm o, a tr.st or otherwise, in restraint o, tra+e or
commerce or to 2re3ent by arti,icial means ,ree com2etition in the market9
0* Any 2erson who shall mono2oli5e any merchan+ise or ob6ect o, tra+e or commerce,
or shall combine with any other 2erson or 2ersons to mono2oli5e an+ merchan+ise or
ob6ect in or+er to alter the 2rice thereo, by s2rea+in4 ,alse r.mors or makin4 .se o,
any other article to restrain ,ree com2etition in the market9
3* Any 2erson who, bein4 a man.,act.rer, 2ro+.cer, or 2rocessor o, any merchan+ise
or ob6ect o, commerce or an im2orter o, any merchan+ise or ob6ect o, commerce
,rom any ,orei4n co.ntry, either as 2rinci2al or a4ent, wholesaler or retailer, shall
combine, cons2ire or a4ree in any manner with any 2erson likewise en4a4e+ in the
man.,act.re, 2ro+.ction, 2rocessin4, assemblin4 or im2ortation o, s.ch merchan+ise
or ob6ect o, commerce or with any other 2ersons not so similarly en4a4e+ ,or the
2.r2ose o, makin4 transactions 2re6.+icial to law,.l commerce, or o, increasin4 the
market 2rice in any 2art o, the Phili22ines, o, any s.ch merchan+ise or ob6ect o,
commerce man.,act.re+, 2ro+.ce+, 2rocesse+, assemble+ in or im2orte+ into the
Phili22ines, or o, any article in the man.,act.re o, which s.ch man.,act.re+,
2ro+.ce+, or im2orte+ merchan+ise or ob6ect o, commerce is .se+*
#, the o,,ense mentione+ in this article a,,ects any ,oo+ s.bstance, motor ,.el or
l.bricants, or other articles o, 2rime necessity, the 2enalty shall be that o, 2rision mayor in its
ma1im.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s it bein4 s.,,icient ,or the im2osition thereo, that the initial ste2s
ha3e been taken towar+ carryin4 o.t the 2.r2oses o, the combination*
53
Any 2ro2erty 2ossesse+ .n+er any contract or by any combination mentione+ in the
2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs, an+ bein4 the s.b6ect thereo,, shall be ,or,eite+ to the 8o3ernment o, the
Phili22ines*
;hene3er any o, the o,,enses +escribe+ abo3e is committe+ by a cor2oration or
association, the 2resi+ent an+ each one o, its a4ents or re2resentati3es in the Phili22ines in case
o, a ,orei4n cor2oration or association, who shall ha3e knowin4ly 2ermitte+ or ,aile+ to 2re3ent
the commission o, s.ch o,,ense, shall be hel+ liable as 2rinci2als thereo,*
&ection Two* !ra.+s in commerce an+ in+.stry

Art* 18C* -mportation and disposition of falsely marked articles or merchandise made of "old,
silver, or other precious metals or their alloys* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 1,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ on any 2erson who shall knowin4ly
im2ort or sell or +is2ose o, any article or merchan+ise ma+e o, 4ol+, sil3er, or other 2recio.s
metals, or their alloys, with stam2s, bran+s, or marks which ,ail to in+icate the act.al ,ineness or
A.ality o, sai+ metals or alloys*
Any stam2, bran+, label, or mark shall be +eeme+ to ,ail to in+icate the act.al ,ineness o,
the article on which it is en4ra3e+, 2rinte+, stam2e+, labele+ or attache+, when the rest o, the
article shows that the A.ality or ,ineness thereo, is less by more than one/hal, karat, i, ma+e o,
4ol+, an+ less by more than ,o.r one/tho.san+th, i, ma+e o, sil3er, than what is shown by sai+
stam2, bran+, label or mark* =.t in case o, watch cases an+ ,latware ma+e o, 4ol+, the act.al
,ineness o, s.ch 4ol+ shall not be less by more than three one/tho.san+th than the ,ineness
in+icate+ by sai+ stam2, bran+, label, or mark*
Art* 188* ,ubsistin" and alterin" trade;mark, trade;names, or service marks. The 2enalty o,
2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom <0 to 0,000 2esos, or both, shall
be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who shall s.bstit.te the tra+e name or tra+e/mark o, some other
man.,act.rer or +ealer or a colorable imitation thereo,, ,or the tra+emark o, the real
man.,act.rer or +ealer .2on any article o, commerce an+ shall sell the same9
0* Any 2erson who shall sell s.ch articles o, commerce or o,,er the same ,or sale,
knowin4 that the tra+e/name or tra+e/ mark has been ,ra.+.lently .se+ in s.ch
4oo+s as +escribe+ in the 2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision9
3* Any 2erson who, in the sale or a+3ertisin4 o, his ser3ices, shall .se or s.bstit.te the
ser3ice mark o, some other 2erson, or a colorable imitation o, s.ch mark9 or
:* Any 2erson who, knowin4 the 2.r2ose ,or which the tra+e/name, tra+e/mark, or
ser3ice mark o, a 2erson is to be .se+, 2rints, litho4ra2hs, or in any way re2ro+.ces
s.ch tra+e/name, tra+e/mark, or ser3ice mark, or a colorable imitation thereo,, ,or
another 2erson, to enable that other 2erson to ,ra.+.lently .se s.ch tra+e/name,
5*
tra+e/mark, or ser3ice mark on his own 4oo+s or in connection with the sale or
a+3ertisin4 o, his ser3ices*
A tra+e/name or tra+e/mark as herein .se+ is a wor+ or wor+s, name, title, symbol,
emblem, si4n or +e3ice, or any combination thereo, .se+ as an a+3ertisement, si4n, label, 2oster,
or otherwise, ,or the 2.r2ose o, enablin4 the 2.blic to +istin4.ish the b.siness o, the 2erson who
owns an+ .ses sai+ tra+e/name or tra+e/mark*
A ser3ice mark as herein .se+ is a mark .se+ in the sale or a+3ertisin4 o, ser3ices to
i+enti,y the ser3ices o, one 2erson an+ +istin4.ish them ,rom the ser3ices o, others an+ incl.+es
witho.t limitation the marks, names, symbols, titles, +esi4nations, slo4ans, character names, an+
+istincti3e ,eat.res o, ra+io or other a+3ertisin4*
Art* 189* 7nfair competition, fraudulent re"istration of trade;mark, trade;name or service mark,
fraudulent desi"nation of ori"in, and false description. The 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ in the ne1t
2rocee+in4 article shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who, in .n,air com2etition an+ ,or the 2.r2oses o, +ecei3in4 or
+e,ra.+in4 another o, his le4itimate tra+e or the 2.blic in 4eneral, shall sell his 4oo+s
4i3in4 them the 4eneral a22earance o, 4oo+s o, another man.,act.rer or +ealer,
either as to the 4oo+s themsel3es, or in the wra22in4 o, the 2acka4es in which they
are containe+ or the +e3ice or wor+s thereon or in any other ,eat.res o, their
a22earance which wo.l+ be likely to in+.ce the 2.blic to belie3e that the 4oo+s
o,,ere+ are those o, a man.,act.rer or +ealer other than the act.al man.,act.rer or
+ealer or shall 4i3e other 2ersons a chance or o22ort.nity to +o the same with a like
2.r2ose*
0* Any 2erson who shall a,,i1, a22ly, anne1 or .se in connection with any 4oo+s or
ser3ices or any container or containers ,or 4oo+s a ,alse +esi4nation o, ori4in or any
,alse +escri2tion or re2resentation an+ shall sell s.ch 4oo+s or ser3ices*
3* Any 2erson who by means o, ,alse or ,ra.+.lent re2resentation or +eclarations orally
or in writin4 or by other ,ra.+.lent means shall 2roc.re ,rom the 2atent o,,ice or ,rom
any other o,,ice which may herea,ter be establishe+ by law ,or the 2.r2oses the
re4istration o, a tra+e/name, tra+e/mark or ser3ice mark or o, himsel, as the owner o,
s.ch tra+e/name, tra+e/mark or ser3ice mark or an entry res2ectin4 a tra+e/name,
tra+e/mark or ser3ice mark*
Title !i3e
")#?E& )E'AT#$E T P#>? A%D T(E) P)(#=#TED D)>8&

Art* 190* Possession, preparation and use of prohibited dru"s and maintenance of opium dens.
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+
an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 300 to 1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
55
1* Anyone who .nless law,.lly a.thori5e+ shall 2ossess, 2re2are, a+minister, or
otherwise .se any 2rohibite+ +r.4*
GProhibite+ +r.4,G as .se+ herein incl.+es o2i.m, cocaine, al2ha an+ beta
e.caine, #n+ian hem2, their +eri3ati3es, an+ all 2re2arations ma+e ,rom them or any
o, them, an+ s.ch other +r.4s, whether nat.ral or synthetic, ha3in4 2hysiolo4ical
action as a narcotic +r.4*
G2i.mG embraces e3ery kin+, class, an+ character o, o2i.m, whether cr.+e or
2re2are+9 the ashes on re,.se o, the same9 narcotic 2re2arations thereo, or
there,rom9 mor2hine or any alkaloi+ o, o2i.m, 2re2aration in which o2i.m, mor2hine
or any kin+ o, o2i.m, enter as an in4re+ient, an+ also o2i.m lea3es or wra22in4s o,
o2i.m lea3es, whether 2re2are+ or not ,or their .se*
G#n+ian hem2G otherwise known as mari6.ana, cannabis, Americana, hashish,
bhan4, 4.a5a, ch.rr.5, an+ 4an6ah embraces e3ery kin+, class an+ character o,
#n+ian hem2, whether +rie+ or ,resh, ,lowerin4 or ,r.itin4 to2s o, the 2istillate 2lant
cannabis sati3al, ,rom which the resin has not been e1tracte+, incl.+in4 all other
4eo4ra2hic 3arieties whether .se+ as ree,ers, resin, e1tract, tinct.re or in any other
,orm whatsoe3er*
=y narcotic +r.4 is meant a +r.4 that 2ro+.ces a con+ition o, insensibility an+
melancholy +.llness o, min+ with +el.sions an+ may be habit/,ormin4*
0* Anyone who shall maintain a +i3e or resort where any 2rohibite+ +r.4 is .se+ in any
,orm, in 3iolation o, the law*H
Art. 1<1. =eeper, watchman and visitor of opium den* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom 100 to 300 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Anyone who shall act as a kee2er or watchman o, a +i3e or resort where any
2rohibite+ +r.4 is .se+ in any manner contrary to law9 an+
0* Any 2erson who, not bein4 incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article,
shall knowin4ly 3isit any +i3e or resort o, the character re,erre+ to abo3e*H
Art* 190* -mportation and sale of prohibited dru"s. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its
me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 300 to 10,000 2esos shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall im2ort or brin4 into the Phili22ine #slan+s any 2rohibite+ +r.4*H
IThe same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall .nlaw,.lly sell or +eli3er
to another 2rohibite+ +r.4*H
5+
Art* 193* -lle"al possession of opium pipe or other paraphernalia for the use of any prohibited
dru". The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on
any 2erson who, not bein4 a.thori5e+ by law, shall 2ossess any o2i.m 2i2e or other
2ara2hernalia ,or smokin4, in6ectin4, a+ministerin4 or .sin4 o2i.m or any 2rohibite+ +r.4*
IThe ille4al 2ossession o, an o2i.m 2i2e or other 2ara2hernalia ,or .sin4 any other
2rohibite+ +r.4 shall be 2rima ,acie e3i+ence that its 2ossessor has .se+ sai+ +r.4*H
Art* 19:* Prescribin" opium unnecessary for a patient. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional or a
,ine ran4in4 ,rom 300 to 10,000 2esos, or both shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2hysician or +entist
who shall 2rescribe o2i.m ,or any 2erson whose 2hysical con+ition +oes not reA.ire the .se o,
the same*H
Title &i1
")#?E& A8A#%&T P>='#" ?)A'&

"ha2ter ne
8A?='#%8 A%D =ETT#%8

Art* 19<* !hat acts are punishable in "amblin". (a) The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 two h.n+re+ 2esos, an+, in case o, reci+i3ism, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom two h.n+re+ or si1 tho.san+ 2esos, shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson other than those re,erre+ to in s.bsections (b) an+ (c) who, in any
manner shall +irectly, or in+irectly take 2art in any 4ame o, monte, 6.eten4 or any
other ,orm o, lottery, 2olicy, bankin4, or 2ercenta4e 4ame, +o4 races, or any other
4ame o, scheme the res.lt o, which +e2en+s wholly or chie,ly .2on chance or
ha5ar+9 or wherein wa4ers consistin4 o, money, articles o, 3al.e or re2resentati3e o,
3al.e are ma+e9 or in the e12loitation or .se o, any other mechanical in3ention or
contri3ance to +etermine by chance the loser or winner o, money or any ob6ect or
re2resentati3e o, 3al.e*
0* Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly 2ermit any ,orm o, 4amblin4 re,erre+ to in the
2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision to be carrie+ on in any .ninhabite+ or .ninhabite+ 2lace o, any
b.il+in4, 3essel or other means o, trans2ortation owne+ or controlle+ by him* #, the
2lace where 4amblin4 is carrie+ on has the re2.tation o, a 4amblin4 2lace or that
2rohibite+ 4amblin4 is ,reA.ently carrie+ on therein, the c.l2rit shall be 2.nishe+ by
the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or in this article in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
(b) The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m +e4ree shall be im2ose+ .2on the
maintainer, con+.ctor, or banker in a 4ame o, 6.eten4 or any similar 4ame*
5,
(c) The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m +e4ree shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2erson who shall, knowin4ly an+ witho.t law,.l 2.r2ose, ha3e in his 2ossession an+ lottery list,
2a2er or other matter containin4 letters, ,i4.res, si4ns or symbols which 2ertain to or are in any
manner .se+ in the 4ame o, 6.eten4 or any similar 4ame which has taken 2lace or abo.t to take
2lace*
Art* 19B* -mportation, sale and possession of lottery tickets or advertisements. The 2enalty o,
arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 0,000 2esos, or both, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt, shall be im2ose+ .2on
any 2erson who shall im2ort into the Phili22ine #slan+s ,rom any ,orei4n 2lace or 2ort any lottery
ticket or a+3ertisement or, in conni3ance with the im2orter, shall sell or +istrib.te the same*
Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly an+ with intent to .se them, ha3e in his 2ossession
lottery tickets or a+3ertisements, or shall sell or +istrib.te the same witho.t conni3ance with the
im2orter o, the same, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto menor, or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos, or
both, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt*
The 2ossession o, any lottery ticket or a+3ertisement shall be 2rima ,acie e3i+ence o, an
intent to sell, +istrib.te or .se the same in the Phili22ine #slan+s*
Art* 19C* *ettin" in sports contests. The 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000
2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall bet money or any ob6ect or article o,
3al.e or re2resentati3e o, 3al.e .2on the res.lt o, any bo1in4 or other s2orts contests*
Art* 198* -lle"al bettin" on horse race. The 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4
000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who e1ce2t +.rin4 the 2erio+ allowe+ by
law, shall be on horse races* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 0,000
2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, .n+er the same circ.mstances, shall
maintain or em2loy a totali5er or other +e3ice or scheme ,or bettin4 on horse races or reali5in4
any 2ro,it there,rom*
!or the 2.r2oses o, this article, any race hel+ in the same +ay at the same 2lace shall be
hel+ 2.nishable as a se2arate o,,ense, an+ i, the same be committe+ by any 2artnershi2,
cor2oration or association, the 2resi+ent an+ the +irectors or mana4ers thereo, shall be +eeme+
to be 2rinci2als in the o,,ense i, they ha3e consente+ to or knowin4ly tolerate+ its commission*
Art* 199* -lle"al cockfi"htin". The 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos,
or both, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt, shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who +irectly or in+irectly 2artici2ates in cock,i4hts, by bettin4 money or
other 3al.able thin4s, or who or4ani5es cock,i4hts at which bets are ma+e, on a +ay
other than those 2ermitte+ by law*
0* Any 2erson who +irectly or in+irectly 2artici2ates in cock,i4hts, at a 2lace other than a
license+ cock2it*
58

"ha2ter Two
!!E%&E& A8A#%&T DE"E%"@ A%D 8D ">&T?&

Art* 000* #rave scandal. The 2enalties o, arresto mayor an+ 2.blic cens.re shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall o,,en+ a4ainst +ecency or 4oo+ c.stoms by any hi4hly scan+alo.s
con+.ct not e12ressly ,allin4 within any other article o, this "o+e*
Art* 001* -mmoral doctrines, obscene publications and ehibitions and indecent shows* The
2enalty o, 2rision mayor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom si1 tho.san+ to twel3e tho.san+ 2esos, or both
s.ch im2risonment an+ ,ine, shall be im2ose+ .2on7
(1) Those who shall 2.blicly e12o.n+ or 2roclaim +octrines o2enly contrary to 2.blic
morals9
(0) (a) .he a#.ho!s of o$sene li.e!a.#!e1 "#$lished 3i.h .hei! kno3ledge in an% fo!&4 .he edi.o!s "#$lishing
s#h li.e!a.#!e4 and .he o3ne!s'o"e!a.o!s of .he es.a$lish&en. selling .he sa&e4
($) Those 3ho1 in .hea.e!s1 fai!s1 ine&a.og!a"hs o! an% o.he! "lae1 e/hi$i.1 indeen. o! i&&o!al "la%s1
senes1 a.s o! sho3s1 3he.he! live o! in fil&1 3hih a!e "!es!i$ed $% vi!.#e he!eof1 shall inl#de .hose
3hih (1) glo!if% !i&inals o! ondone !i&es4 (2) se!ve no o.he! "#!"ose $#. .o sa.isf% .he &a!ke. fo!
violene1 l#s. o! "o!nog!a"h%4 (3) offend an% !ae o! !eligion4 (*) .end .o a$e. .!affi in and #se of "!ohi$i.ed
d!#gs4 and (5) a!e on.!a!% .o la31 "#$li o!de!1 &o!als1 and good #s.o&s1 es.a$lished "oliies1 la3f#l
o!de!s1 de!ees and edi.s4
(3) Those who shall sell, 4i3e away or e1hibit ,ilms, 2rints, en4ra3in4s, sc.l2t.re or
literat.re which are o,,ensi3e to morals* (As amen+e+ by PD %os* 9B0 an+ 9B9)*
Art* 000* 8a"rants and prostitutes+ penalty. The ,ollowin4 are 3a4rants7
1* Any 2erson ha3in4 no a22arent means o, s.bsistence, who has the 2hysical ability to
work an+ who ne4lects to a22ly himsel, or hersel, to some law,.l callin49
0* Any 2erson ,o.n+ loiterin4 abo.t 2.blic or semi/2.blic b.il+in4s or 2laces or tram2lin4
or wan+erin4 abo.t the co.ntry or the streets witho.t 3isible means o, s.22ort9
3* Any i+le or +issol.te 2erson who le+4es in ho.ses o, ill ,ame9 r.,,ians or 2im2s an+
those who habit.ally associate with 2rostit.tes9
:* Any 2erson who, not bein4 incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, other articles o, this "o+e, shall
be ,o.n+ loiterin4 in any inhabite+ or .ninhabite+ 2lace belon4in4 to another witho.t
any law,.l or 6.sti,iable 2.r2ose9
<* Prostit.tes*
5-
!or the 2.r2oses o, this article, women who, ,or money or 2ro,it, habit.ally in+.l4e in
se1.al interco.rse or lasci3io.s con+.ct, are +eeme+ to be 2rostit.tes*
Any 2erson ,o.n+ 4.ilty o, any o, the o,,enses co3ere+ by this articles shall be 2.nishe+
by arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos, an+ in case o, reci+i3ism, by arresto mayor
in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to
0,000 2esos, or both, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt*
Title &e3en
")#?E& "??#TTED =@ P>='#" !!#"E)&

"ha2ter ne
P)E'#?#%A)@ P)$#&#%&

Art* 003* !ho are public officers. !or the 2.r2ose o, a22lyin4 the 2ro3isions o, this an+ the
2rece+in4 titles o, this book, any 2erson who, by +irect 2ro3ision o, the law, 2o2.lar election or
a22ointment by com2etent a.thority, shall take 2art in the 2er,ormance o, 2.blic ,.nctions in the
8o3ernment o, the Phili22ine #slan+s, o, shall 2er,orm in sai+ 8o3ernment or in any o, its
branches 2.blic +.ties as an em2loyee, a4ent or s.bor+inate o,,icial, o, any rank or class, shall
be +eeme+ to be a 2.blic o,,icer*
"ha2ter Two
?A'!EA&A%"E A%D ?#&!EA&A%"E #% !!#"E

&ection ne* Dereliction o, +.ty

Art* 00:* =nowin"ly renderin" un%ust %ud"ment. Any 6.+4e who shall knowin4ly ren+er an
.n6.st 6.+4ment in any case s.bmitte+ to him ,or +ecision, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor
an+ 2er2et.al absol.te +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 00<* &ud"ment rendered throu"h ne"li"ence* Any 6.+4e who, by reason o, ine1c.sable
ne4li4ence or i4norance shall ren+er a mani,estly .n6.st 6.+4ment in any case s.bmitte+ to him
,or +ecision shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor an+ tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 00B* 7n%ust interlocutory order. Any 6.+4e who shall knowin4ly ren+er an .n6.st
interloc.tory or+er or +ecree shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its minim.m 2erio+ an+
s.s2ension9 b.t i, he shall ha3e acte+ by reason o, ine1c.sable ne4li4ence or i4norance an+ the
interloc.tory or+er or +ecree be mani,estly .n6.st, the 2enalty shall be s.s2ension*
Art* 00C* 'alicious delay in the administration of %ustice. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in
its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any 6.+4e 4.ilty o, malicio.s +elay in the
a+ministration o, 6.stice*
+)
Art* 008* Prosecution of offenses+ ne"li"ence and tolerance. The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ s.s2ension shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer, or
o,,icer o, the law, who, in +ereliction o, the +.ties o, his o,,ice, shall malicio.sly re,rain ,rom
instit.tin4 2rosec.tion ,or the 2.nishment o, 3iolators o, the law, or shall tolerate the commission
o, o,,enses*
Art* 009* *etrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor. > Revelation of secrets. #n a++ition to the
2ro2er a+ministrati3e action, the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 1,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any attorney/at/law or solicitor
(2roc.ra+or 6.+icial) who, by any malicio.s breach o, 2ro,essional +.ty or o, ine1c.sable
ne4li4ence or i4norance, shall 2re6.+ice his client, or re3eal any o, the secrets o, the latter
learne+ by him in his 2ro,essional ca2acity*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on an attorney/at/law or solicitor
(procurador %udicial) who, ha3in4 .n+ertaken the +e,ense o, a client or ha3in4 recei3e+
con,i+ential in,ormation ,rom sai+ client in a case, shall .n+ertake the +e,ense o, the o22osin4
2arty in the same case, witho.t the consent o, his ,irst client*
&ection Two* =ribery

Art* 010* Direct bribery. Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall a4ree to 2er,orm an act constit.tin4 a
crime, in connection with the 2er,ormance o, this o,,icial +.ties, in consi+eration o, any o,,er,
2romise, 4i,t or 2resent recei3e+ by s.ch o,,icer, 2ersonally or thro.4h the me+iation o, another,
shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine Io, not
less than the 3al.e o, the 4i,t an+H not less than three times the 3al.e o, the 4i,t in a++ition to the
2enalty corres2on+in4 to the crime a4ree+ .2on, i, the same shall ha3e been committe+*
#, the 4i,t was acce2te+ by the o,,icer in consi+eration o, the e1ec.tion o, an act which
+oes not constit.te a crime, an+ the o,,icer e1ec.te+ sai+ act, he shall s.,,er the same 2enalty
2ro3i+e+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h9 an+ i, sai+ act shall not ha3e been accom2lishe+, the o,,icer
shall s.,,er the 2enalties o, 2rision correccional, in its me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine o, not less than
twice the 3al.e o, s.ch 4i,t*
#, the ob6ect ,or which the 4i,t was recei3e+ or 2romise+ was to make the 2.blic o,,icer
re,rain ,rom +oin4 somethin4 which it was his o,,icial +.ty to +o, he shall s.,,er the 2enalties o,
2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine Io, not less than the 3al.e o, the 4i,t an+H
not less than three times the 3al.e o, s.ch 4i,t*
#n a++ition to the 2enalties 2ro3i+e+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs, the c.l2rit shall s.,,er
the 2enalty o, s2ecial tem2orary +isA.ali,ication*
The 2ro3isions containe+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs shall be ma+e a22licable to
assessors, arbitrators, a22raisal an+ claim commissioners, e12erts or any other 2ersons
2er,ormin4 2.blic +.ties* (As amen+e+ by =atas Pambansa =l4* 8C0, -.ne 10, 198<)*
+1
Art* 011* -ndirect bribery. The 2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m
2erio+s, an+ 2.blic cens.re shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer who shall acce2t 4i,ts
o,,ere+ to him by reason o, his o,,ice* (As amen+e+ by =*P* =l4* 8C0, -.ne 10, 198<)*
Art* 010* Corruption of public officials. The same 2enalties im2ose+ .2on the o,,icer corr.2te+,
e1ce2t those o, +isA.ali,ication an+ s.s2ension, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall
ha3e ma+e the o,,ers or 2romises or 4i3en the 4i,ts or 2resents as +escribe+ in the 2rece+in4
articles*
"ha2ter Three
!)A>D& A%D #''E8A' EDA"T#%& A%D T)A%&A"T#%&
Art* 013* 6rauds a"ainst the public treasury and similar offenses. The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+, or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom
000 to 10,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer who7
1* #n his o,,icial ca2acity, in +ealin4 with any 2erson with re4ar+ to ,.rnishin4 s.22lies,
the makin4 o, contracts, or the a+6.stment or settlement o, acco.nts relatin4 to 2.blic
2ro2erty or ,.n+s, shall enter into an a4reement with any intereste+ 2arty or
s2ec.lator or make .se o, any other scheme, to +e,ra.+ the 8o3ernment9
0* =ein4 entr.ste+ with the collection o, ta1es, licenses, ,ees an+ other im2osts, shall be
4.ilty or any o, the ,ollowin4 acts or omissions7
(a) Deman+in4, +irectly, or in+irectly, the 2ayment o, s.ms +i,,erent ,rom or
lar4er than those a.thori5e+ by law*
(b) !ailin4 3ol.ntarily to iss.e a recei2t, as 2ro3i+e+ by law, ,or any s.m o,
money collecte+ by him o,,icially*
(c) "ollectin4 or recei3in4, +irectly or in+irectly, by way o, 2ayment or otherwise
thin4s or ob6ects o, a nat.re +i,,erent ,rom that 2ro3i+e+ by law*
;hen the c.l2rit is an o,,icer or em2loyee o, the =.rea. o, #nternal )e3en.e or the
=.rea. o, ".stoms, the 2ro3isions o, the A+ministrati3e "o+e shall be a22lie+*
Art* 01:* $ther frauds. #n a++ition to the 2enalties 2rescribe+ in the 2ro3isions o, "ha2ter &i1,
Title Ten, =ook Two, o, this "o+e, the 2enalty o, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication in its ma1im.m
2erio+ to 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer who, takin4
a+3anta4e o, his o,,icial 2osition, shall commit any o, the ,ra.+s or +eceits en.merate+ in sai+
2ro3isions*
+2
Art* 01<* Prohibited transactions. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ or
a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 1,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any a22ointi3e 2.blic
o,,icer who, +.rin4 his inc.mbency, shall +irectly or in+irectly become intereste+ in any
transaction o, e1chan4e or s2ec.lation within the territory s.b6ect to his 6.ris+iction*
Art* 01B* Possession of prohibited interest by a public officer. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in
its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to
1,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on a 2.blic o,,icer who +irectly or in+irectly, shall
become intereste+ in any contract or b.siness in which it is his o,,icial +.ty to inter3ene*
This 2ro3isions is a22licable to e12erts, arbitrators an+ 2ri3ate acco.ntants who, in like
manner, shall take 2art in any contract or transaction connecte+ with the estate or 2ro2erty in
a22raisal, +istrib.tion or a+6.+ication o, which they shall ha3e acte+, an+ to the 4.ar+ians an+
e1ec.tors with res2ect to the 2ro2erty belon4in4 to their war+s or estate*
"ha2ter !o.r
?A'$E)&AT#% ! P>='#" !>%D& ) P)PE)T@

Art* 01C* 'alversation of public funds or property+ Presumption of malversation. Any 2.blic
o,,icer who, by reason o, the +.ties o, his o,,ice, is acco.ntable ,or 2.blic ,.n+s or 2ro2erty, shall
a22ro2riate the same or shall take or misa22ro2riate or shall consent, thro.4h aban+onment or
ne4li4ence, shall 2ermit any other 2erson to take s.ch 2.blic ,.n+s, or 2ro2erty, wholly or
2artially, or shall otherwise be 4.ilty o, the misa22ro2riation or mal3ersation o, s.ch ,.n+s or
2ro2erty, shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the
amo.nt in3ol3e+ in the misa22ro2riation or mal3ersation +oes not e1cee+ two
h.n+re+ 2esos*
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the amo.nt
in3ol3e+ is more than two h.n+re+ 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ si1 tho.san+ 2esos*
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to recl.sion tem2oral in its
minim.m 2erio+, i, the amo.nt in3ol3e+ is more than si1 tho.san+ 2esos b.t is less
than twel3e tho.san+ 2esos*
:* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral, in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the amo.nt
in3ol3e+ is more than twel3e tho.san+ 2esos b.t is less than twenty/two tho.san+
2esos* #, the amo.nt e1cee+s the latter, the 2enalty shall be recl.sion tem2oral in its
ma1im.m 2erio+ to recl.sion 2er2et.a*
#n all cases, 2ersons 4.ilty o, mal3ersation shall also s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2er2et.al
s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine eA.al to the amo.nt o, the ,.n+s mal3erse+ or eA.al to the total
3al.e o, the 2ro2erty embe55le+*
+3
The ,ail.re o, a 2.blic o,,icer to ha3e +.ly ,orthcomin4 any 2.blic ,.n+s or 2ro2erty with
which he is char4eable, .2on +eman+ by any +.ly a.thori5e+ o,,icer, shall be 2rima ,acie
e3i+ence that he has 2.t s.ch missin4 ,.n+s or 2ro2erty to 2ersonal .se* (As amen+e+ by )A
10B0)*
Art* 018* 6ailure of accountable officer to render accounts. Any 2.blic o,,icer, whether in the
ser3ice or se2arate+ there,rom by resi4nation or any other ca.se, who is reA.ire+ by law or
re4.lation to ren+er acco.nt to the #ns.lar A.+itor, or to a 2ro3incial a.+itor an+ who ,ails to +o so
,or a 2erio+ o, two months a,ter s.ch acco.nts sho.l+ be ren+ere+, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, or by a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to B,000 2esos, or both*
Art* 019* 6ailure of a responsible public officer to render accounts before leavin" the country.
Any 2.blic o,,icer who .nlaw,.lly lea3es or attem2ts to lea3e the Phili22ine #slan+s witho.t
sec.rin4 a certi,icate ,rom the #ns.lar A.+itor showin4 that his acco.nts ha3e been ,inally settle+,
shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor, or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 1,000 2esos or both*
Art* 000* -lle"al use of public funds or property. Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall a22ly any 2.blic
,.n+ or 2ro2erty .n+er his a+ministration to any 2.blic .se other than ,or which s.ch ,.n+ or
2ro2erty were a22ro2riate+ by law or or+inance shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in
its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom one/hal, to the total o, the s.m misa22lie+, i, by reason
o, s.ch misa22lication, any +ama4es or embarrassment shall ha3e res.lte+ to the 2.blic ser3ice*
#n either case, the o,,en+er shall also s.,,er the 2enalty o, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
#, no +ama4e or embarrassment to the 2.blic ser3ice has res.lte+, the 2enalty shall be a
,ine ,rom < to <0 2er cent o, the s.m misa22lie+*
Art* 001* 6ailure to make delivery of public funds or property* Any 2.blic o,,icer .n+er
obli4ation to make 2ayment ,rom 8o3ernment ,.n+s in his 2ossession, who shall ,ail to make
s.ch 2ayment, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor an+ a ,ine ,rom < to 0< 2er cent o, the s.m
which he ,aile+ to 2ay*
This 2ro3ision shall a22ly to any 2.blic o,,icer who, bein4 or+ere+ by com2etent a.thority
to +eli3er any 2ro2erty in his c.sto+y or .n+er his a+ministration, shall re,.se to make s.ch
+eli3ery*
The ,ine shall be 4ra+.ate+ in s.ch case by the 3al.e o, the thin4, 2ro3i+e+ that it shall
not less than <0 2esos*
Art* 000* $fficers included in the precedin" provisions* The 2ro3isions o, this cha2ter shall
a22ly to 2ri3ate in+i3i+.als who in any ca2acity whate3er, ha3e char4e o, any ins.lar, 2ro3incial or
m.nici2al ,.n+s, re3en.es, or 2ro2erty an+ to any a+ministrator or +e2ository o, ,.n+s or 2ro2erty
attache+, sei5e+ or +e2osite+ by 2.blic a.thority, e3en i, s.ch 2ro2erty belon4s to a 2ri3ate
in+i3i+.al*
+*
"ha2ter !i3e
#%!#DE'#T@ ! P>='#" !!#"E)&

&ection ne* #n,i+elity in the c.sto+y o, 2risoners

Art* 003* Connivin" with or consentin" to evasion* Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall consent to the
esca2e o, a 2risoner in his c.sto+y or char4e, shall be 2.nishe+7
1* =y 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ tem2orary s2ecial
+isA.ali,ication in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication, i, the
,.4iti3e shall ha3e been sentence+ by ,inal 6.+4ment to any 2enalty*
0* =y 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication, in
case the ,.4iti3e shall not ha3e been ,inally con3icte+ b.t only hel+ as a +etention
2risoner ,or any crime or 3iolation o, law or m.nici2al or+inance*
Art* 00:* (vasion throu"h ne"li"ence. #, the e3asion o, the 2risoner shall ha3e taken 2lace
thro.4h the ne4li4ence o, the o,,icer char4e+ with the con3eyance or c.sto+y o, the esca2in4
2risoner, sai+ o,,icer shall s.,,er the 2enalties o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 00<* (scape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a public officer. Any 2ri3ate
2erson to whom the con3eyance or c.sto+y or a 2risoner or 2erson .n+er arrest shall ha3e been
con,i+e+, who shall commit any o, the o,,enses mentione+ in the two 2rece+in4 articles, shall
s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ ,or the 2.blic o,,icer*
&ection Two* #n,i+elity in the c.sto+y o, +oc.ment

Art* 00B* Removal, concealment or destruction of documents. Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall
remo3e, +estroy or conceal +oc.ments or 2a2ers o,,icially entr.ste+ to him, shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos, whene3er
serio.s +ama4e shall ha3e been ca.se+ thereby to a thir+ 2arty or to the 2.blic
interest*
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos, whene3er the +ama4e to a thir+ 2arty or to the 2.blic interest
shall not ha3e been serio.s*
#n either case, the a++itional 2enalty o, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication in its ma1im.m
2erio+ to 2er2et.al +isA.ali,ication shall be im2ose+*
Art* 00C* $fficer breakin" seal. Any 2.blic o,,icer char4e+ with the c.sto+y o, 2a2ers or
2ro2erty seale+ by 2ro2er a.thority, who shall break the seals or 2ermit them to be broken, shall
+5
s.,,er the 2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, tem2orary s2ecial
+isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 0,000 2esos*
Art* 008* $penin" of closed documents. Any 2.blic o,,icer not incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, the
ne1t 2rece+in4 article who, witho.t 2ro2er a.thority, shall o2en or shall 2ermit to be o2ene+ any
close+ 2a2ers, +oc.ments or ob6ects entr.ste+ to his c.sto+y, shall s.,,er the 2enalties or arresto
mayor, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine o, not e1cee+in4 0,000 2esos*
&ection Three* )e3elation o, secrets

Art* 009* Revelation of secrets by an officer. Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall re3eal any secret
known to him by reason o, his o,,icial ca2acity, or shall wron4,.lly +eli3er 2a2ers or co2ies o,
2a2ers o, which he may ha3e char4e an+ which sho.l+ not be 2.blishe+, shall s.,,er the
2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, 2er2et.al s2ecial
+isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 0,000 2esos i, the re3elation o, s.ch secrets or the
+eli3ery o, s.ch 2a2ers shall ha3e ca.se+ serio.s +ama4e to the 2.blic interest9 otherwise, the
2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a
,ine not e1cee+in4 <0 2esos shall be im2ose+*
Art* 030* Public officer revealin" secrets of private individual. Any 2.blic o,,icer to whom the
secrets o, any 2ri3ate in+i3i+.al shall become known by reason o, his o,,ice who shall re3eal s.ch
secrets, shall s.,,er the 2enalties o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
"ha2ter &i1
T(E) !!E%&E& ) #))E8>'A)#T#E& =@ P>='#" !!#"E)&

Art* 031* $pen disobedience. Any 6.+icial or e1ec.ti3e o,,icer who shall o2enly re,.se to
e1ec.te the 6.+4ment, +ecision or or+er o, any s.2erior a.thority ma+e within the sco2e o, the
6.ris+iction o, the latter an+ iss.e+ with all the le4al ,ormalities, shall s.,,er the 2enalties o, arresto
mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, tem2orary s2ecial
+isA.ali,ication in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
Art* 030* Disobedience to order of superior officers, when said order was suspended by inferior
officer. Any 2.blic o,,icer who, ha3in4 ,or any reason s.s2en+e+ the e1ec.tion o, the or+ers o,
his s.2eriors, shall +isobey s.ch s.2eriors a,ter the latter ha3e +isa22ro3e+ the s.s2ension, shall
s.,,er the 2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ 2er2et.al
s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 033* Refusal of assistance. The 2enalties o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4
1,000 2esos, shall be im2ose+ .2on a 2.blic o,,icer who, .2on +eman+ ,rom com2etent a.thority,
shall ,ail to len+ his coo2eration towar+s the a+ministration o, 6.stice or other 2.blic ser3ice, i,
s.ch ,ail.re shall res.lt in serio.s +ama4e to the 2.blic interest, or to a thir+ 2arty9 otherwise,
arresto mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be
im2ose+*
++
Art* 03:* Refusal to dischar"e elective office. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, ha3in4 been electe+ by
2o2.lar election to a 2.blic o,,ice, shall re,.se witho.t le4al moti3e to be sworn in or to +ischar4e
the +.ties o, sai+ o,,ice*
Art* 03<* 'altreatment of prisoners. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to
2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, in a++ition to his liability ,or the 2hysical in6.ries or
+ama4e ca.se+, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyee who shall o3er+o himsel,
in the correction or han+lin4 o, a 2risoner or +etention 2risoner .n+er his char4e, by the
im2osition o, 2.nishment not a.thori5e+ by the re4.lations, or by in,lictin4 s.ch 2.nishment in a
cr.el an+ h.miliatin4 manner*
#, the 2.r2ose o, the maltreatment is to e1tort a con,ession, or to obtain some in,ormation
,rom the 2risoner, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+,
tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos, in a++ition to his liability
,or the 2hysical in6.ries or +ama4e ca.se+*
&ection Two* Antici2ation, 2rolon4ation
an+ aban+onment o, the +.ties an+ 2owers o, 2.blic o,,ice*

Art* 03B* Anticipation of duties of a public office. Any 2erson who shall ass.me the
2er,ormance o, the +.ties an+ 2owers o, any 2.blic o,,icer or em2loyment witho.t ,irst bein4
sworn in or ha3in4 4i3en the bon+ reA.ire+ by law, shall be s.s2en+e+ ,rom s.ch o,,ice or
em2loyment .ntil he shall ha3e com2lie+ with the res2ecti3e ,ormalities an+ shall be ,ine+ ,rom
000 to <00 2esos*
Art* 03C* Prolon"in" performance of duties and powers. Any 2.blic o,,icer shall contin.e to
e1ercise the +.ties an+ 2owers o, his o,,ice, em2loyment or commission, beyon+ the 2erio+
2ro3i+e+ by law, re4.lation or s2ecial 2ro3isions a22licable to the case, shall s.,,er the 2enalties
o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, s2ecial tem2orary +isA.ali,ication in its minim.m
2erio+ an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos*
Art* 038* Abandonment of office or position. Any 2.blic o,,icer who, be,ore the acce2tance o,
his resi4nation, shall aban+on his o,,ice to the +etriment o, the 2.blic ser3ice shall s.,,er the
2enalty o, arresto mayor*
#, s.ch o,,ice shall ha3e been aban+one+ in or+er to e3a+e the +ischar4e o, the +.ties o,
2re3entin4, 2rosec.tin4 or 2.nishin4 any o, the crime ,allin4 within Title ne, an+ "ha2ter ne o,
Title Three o, =ook Two o, this "o+e, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its
minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, an+ by arresto mayor i, the 2.r2ose o, s.ch aban+onment is to
e3a+e the +.ty o, 2re3entin4, 2rosec.tin4 or 2.nishin4 any other crime*
+,
&ection Three* >s.r2ation o, 2owers an+ .nlaw,.l a22ointments

Art* 039* 7surpation of le"islative powers. The 2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m
2erio+, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos, shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2.blic o,,icer who shall encroach .2on the 2owers o, the le4islati3e branch o, the
8o3ernment, either by makin4 4eneral r.les or re4.lations beyon+ the sco2e o, his a.thority, or
by attem2tin4 to re2eal a law or s.s2en+in4 the e1ec.tion thereo,*
Art* 0:0* 7surpation of eecutive functions. Any 6.+4e who shall ass.me any 2ower 2ertainin4
to the e1ec.ti3e a.thorities, or shall obstr.ct the latter in the law,.l e1ercise o, their 2owers, shall
s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m
2erio+*
Art* 0:1* 7surpation of %udicial functions. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to
2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any o,,icer o, the e1ec.ti3e
branch o, the 8o3ernment who shall ass.me 6.+icial 2owers or shall obstr.ct the e1ec.tion o,
any or+er or +ecision ren+ere+ by any 6.+4e within its 6.ris+iction*
Art* 0:0* Disobeyin" re)uest for dis)ualification. Any 2.blic o,,icer who, be,ore the A.estion o,
6.ris+iction is +eci+e+, shall contin.e any 2rocee+in4 a,ter ha3in4 been law,.lly reA.ire+ to re,rain
,rom so +oin4, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos*
Art* 0:3* $rders or re)uests by eecutive officers to any %udicial authority* Any e1ec.ti3e o,,icer
who shall a++ress any or+er or s.44estion to any 6.+icial a.thority with res2ect to any case or
b.siness comin4 within the e1cl.si3e 6.ris+iction o, the co.rts o, 6.stice shall s.,,er the 2enalty o,
arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos*
Art* 0::* 7nlawful appointments. Any 2.blic o,,icer who shall knowin4ly nominate or a22oint to
any 2.blic o,,ice any 2erson lackin4 the le4al A.ali,ications there,or, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o,
arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
&ection !o.r* Ab.ses a4ainst chastity

Art* 0:<* Abuses a"ainst chastity+ Penalties* The 2enalties o, 2rision correccional in its
me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication shall be im2ose+7
1* >2on any 2.blic o,,icer who shall solicit or make immoral or in+ecent a+3ances to a
woman intereste+ in matters 2en+in4 be,ore s.ch o,,icer ,or +ecision, or with res2ect
to which he is reA.ire+ to s.bmit a re2ort to or cons.lt with a s.2erior o,,icer9
0* Any war+en or other 2.blic o,,icer +irectly char4e+ with the care an+ c.sto+y o,
2risoners or 2ersons .n+er arrest who shall solicit or make immoral or in+ecent
a+3ances to a woman .n+er his c.sto+y*
+8
#, the 2erson solicite+ be the wi,e, +a.4hter, sister o, relati3e within the same +e4ree by
a,,inity o, any 2erson in the c.sto+y o, s.ch war+en or o,,icer, the 2enalties shall be 2rision
correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*

Title Ei4ht
")#?E& A8A#%&T PE)&%&

"ha2ter ne
DE&T)>"T#% ! '#!E

&ection ne* Parrici+e, m.r+er, homici+e

Art* 0:B* Parricide* Any 2erson who shall kill his ,ather, mother, or chil+, whether le4itimate or
ille4itimate, or any o, his ascen+ants, or +escen+ants, or his s2o.se, shall be 4.ilty o, 2arrici+e
an+ shall be 2.nishe+ by the 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath*
Art* 0:C* Death or physical in%uries inflicted under eceptional circumstances* Any le4ally
marrie+ 2erson who ha3in4 s.r2rise+ his s2o.se in the act o, committin4 se1.al interco.rse with
another 2erson, shall kill any o, them or both o, them in the act or imme+iately therea,ter, or shall
in,lict .2on them any serio.s 2hysical in6.ry, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, +estierro*
#, he shall in,lict .2on them 2hysical in6.ries o, any other kin+, he shall be e1em2t ,rom
2.nishment*
These r.les shall be a22licable, .n+er the same circ.mstances, to 2arents with res2ect
to their +a.4hters .n+er ei4hteen years o, a4e, an+ their se+.cer, while the +a.4hters are li3in4
with their 2arents*
Any 2erson who shall 2romote or ,acilitate the 2rostit.tion o, his wi,e or +a.4hter, or shall
otherwise ha3e consente+ to the in,i+elity o, the other s2o.se shall not be entitle+ to the bene,its
o, this article*
Art* 0:8* 'urder* Any 2erson who, not ,allin4 within the 2ro3isions o, Article 0:B shall kill
another, shall be 4.ilty o, m.r+er an+ shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m
2erio+ to +eath, i, committe+ with any o, the ,ollowin4 atten+ant circ.mstances7
1* ;ith treachery, takin4 a+3anta4e o, s.2erior stren4th, with the ai+ o, arme+ men, or
em2loyin4 means to weaken the +e,ense or o, means or 2ersons to ins.re or a,,or+
im2.nity*
0* #n consi+eration o, a 2rice, rewar+, or 2romise*
+-
3* =y means o, in.n+ation, ,ire, 2oison, e12losion, shi2wreck, stran+in4 o, a 3essel,
+erailment or assa.lt .2on a street car or locomoti3e, ,all o, an airshi2, by means o,
motor 3ehicles, or with the .se o, any other means in3ol3in4 4reat waste an+ r.in*
:* n occasion o, any o, the calamities en.merate+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, or o,
an earthA.ake, er.2tion o, a 3olcano, +estr.cti3e cyclone, e2i+emic or other 2.blic
calamity*
<* ;ith e3i+ent 2reme+itation*
B* ;ith cr.elty, by +eliberately an+ inh.manly a.4mentin4 the s.,,erin4 o, the 3ictim, or
o.tra4in4 or sco,,in4 at his 2erson or cor2se*
Art* 0:9* 5omicide* Any 2erson who, not ,allin4 within the 2ro3isions o, Article 0:B, shall kill
another witho.t the atten+ance o, any o, the circ.mstances en.merate+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4
article, shall be +eeme+ 4.ilty o, homici+e an+ be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral*
Art* 0<0* Penalty for frustrated parricide, murder or homicide. The co.rts, in 3iew o, the ,acts o,
the case, may im2ose .2on the 2erson 4.ilty o, the ,r.strate+ crime o, 2arrici+e, m.r+er or
homici+e, +e,ine+ an+ 2enali5e+ in the 2rece+in4 articles, a 2enalty lower by one +e4ree than
that which sho.l+ be im2ose+ .n+er the 2ro3ision o, Article <0*
The co.rts, consi+erin4 the ,acts o, the case, may likewise re+.ce by one +e4ree the
2enalty which .n+er Article <1 sho.l+ be im2ose+ ,or an attem2t to commit any o, s.ch crimes*
Art* 0<1* Death caused in a tumultuous affray* ;hen, while se3eral 2ersons, not com2osin4
4ro.2s or4ani5e+ ,or the common 2.r2ose o, assa.ltin4 an+ attackin4 each other reci2rocally,
A.arrel an+ assa.lt each other in a con,.se+ an+ t.m.lt.o.s manner, an+ in the co.rse o, the
a,,ray someone is kille+, an+ it cannot be ascertaine+ who act.ally kille+ the +ecease+, b.t the
2erson or 2ersons who in,licte+ serio.s 2hysical in6.ries can be i+enti,ie+, s.ch 2erson or
2ersons shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor*
#, it cannot be +etermine+ who in,licte+ the serio.s 2hysical in6.ries on the +ecease+, the
2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on all
those who shall ha3e .se+ 3iolence .2on the 2erson o, the 3ictim*
Art* 0<0* Physical in%uries inflicted in a tumultuous affray* ;hen in a t.m.lt.o.s a,,ray as
re,erre+ to in the 2rece+in4 article, only serio.s 2hysical in6.ries are in,licte+ .2on the 2artici2ants
thereo, an+ the 2erson res2onsible thereo, cannot be i+enti,ie+, all those who a22ear to ha3e
.se+ 3iolence .2on the 2erson o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty shall s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree
than that 2ro3i+e+ ,or the 2hysical in6.ries so in,licte+*
,)
;hen the 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+ are o, a less serio.s nat.re an+ the 2erson
res2onsible there,or cannot be i+enti,ie+, all those who a22ear to ha3e .se+ any 3iolence .2on
the 2erson o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor ,rom ,i3e to ,i,teen +ays*
Art* 0<3* #ivin" assistance to suicide. Any 2erson who shall assist another to commit s.ici+e
shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor9 i, s.ch 2erson lea+s his assistance to another to the
e1tent o, +oin4 the killin4 himsel,, he shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral* (owe3er, i, the
s.ici+e is not cons.mmate+, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s,
shall be im2ose+*
Art* 0<:* Dischar"e of firearms. Any 2erson who shall shoot at another with any ,irearm shall
s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, .nless the ,acts o,
the case are s.ch that the act can be hel+ to constit.te ,r.strate+ or attem2te+ 2arrici+e, m.r+er,
homici+e or any other crime ,or which a hi4her 2enalty is 2rescribe+ by any o, the articles o, this
"o+e*
&ection Two* #n,antici+e an+ abortion*

Art* 0<<* -nfanticide. The 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or 2arrici+e in Art* 0:B an+ ,or m.r+er in Article 0:8
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall kill any chil+ less than three +ays o, a4e*
#, the crime 2enali5e+ in this article be committe+ by the mother o, the chil+ ,or the 2.r2ose o,
concealin4 her +ishonor, she shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s, an+ i, sai+ crime be committe+ ,or the same 2.r2ose by the maternal
4ran+2arents or either o, them, the 2enalty shall be 2rision mayor*
Art* 0<B* -ntentional abortion. Any 2erson who shall intentionally ca.se an abortion shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral, i, he shall .se any 3iolence .2on the 2erson o, the
2re4nant woman*
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor i,, witho.t .sin4 3iolence, he shall act witho.t the
consent o, the woman*
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the woman
shall ha3e consente+*
Art* 0<C* 7nintentional abortion* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+
me+i.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall ca.se an abortion by 3iolence, b.t
.nintentionally*
Art* 0<8* Abortion practiced by the woman herself of by her parents* The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on a woman who shall
2ractice abortion .2on hersel, or shall consent that any other 2erson sho.l+ +o so*
,1
Any woman who shall commit this o,,ense to conceal her +ishonor, shall s.,,er the
2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s*
#, this crime be committe+ by the 2arents o, the 2re4nant woman or either o, them, an+
they act with the consent o, sai+ woman ,or the 2.r2ose o, concealin4 her +ishonor, the o,,en+ers
shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s*
Art* 0<9* Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife and dispensin" of abortives. The
2enalties 2ro3i+e+ in Article 0<B shall be im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+, res2ecti3ely, .2on any
2hysician or mi+wi,e who, takin4 a+3anta4e o, their scienti,ic knowle+4e or skill, shall ca.se an
abortion or assist in ca.sin4 the same*
Any 2harmacist who, witho.t the 2ro2er 2rescri2tion ,rom a 2hysician, shall +is2ense any
aborti3e shall s.,,er arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
&ection Three* D.el

Art* 0B0* Responsibility of participants in a duel. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall kill his a+3ersary in a +.el*
#, he shall in,lict .2on the latter 2hysical in6.ries only, he shall s.,,er the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+
there,or, accor+in4 to their nat.re*
#n any other case, the combatants shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor, altho.4h no
2hysical in6.ries ha3e been in,licte+*
The secon+s shall in all e3ents be 2.nishe+ as accom2lices*
Art* 0B1* Challen"in" to a duel* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall
be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall challen4e another, or incite another to 4i3e or acce2t a
challen4e to a +.el, or shall sco,, at or +ecry another 2.blicly ,or ha3in4 re,.se+ to acce2t a
challen4e to ,i4ht a +.el*
"ha2ter Two
P(@&#"A' #%->)#E&

Art* 0B0* 'utilation* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral to recl.sion 2er2et.a shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall intentionally m.tilate another by +e2ri3in4 him, either totally or
2artially, or some essential or4an o, re2ro+.ction*
Any other intentional m.tilation shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s*
,2
Art* 0B3* ,erious physical in%uries. Any 2erson who shall wo.n+, beat, or assa.lt another, shall
be 4.ilty o, the crime o, serio.s 2hysical in6.ries an+ shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor, i, in conseA.ence o, the 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+, the
in6.re+ 2erson shall become insane, imbecile, im2otent, or blin+9
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, in
conseA.ence o, the 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+, the 2erson in6.re+ shall ha3e lost the
.se o, s2eech or the 2ower to hear or to smell, or shall ha3e lost an eye, a han+, a
,oot, an arm, or a le4 or shall ha3e lost the .se o, any s.ch member, or shall ha3e
become inca2acitate+ ,or the work in which he was there,or habit.ally en4a4e+9
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, in
conseA.ence o, the 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+, the 2erson in6.re+ shall ha3e become
+e,orme+, or shall ha3e lost any other 2art o, his bo+y, or shall ha3e lost the .se
thereo,, or shall ha3e been ill or inca2acitate+ ,or the 2er,ormance o, the work in
which he as habit.ally en4a4e+ ,or a 2erio+ o, more than ninety +ays9
:* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its
minim.m 2erio+, i, the 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+ shall ha3e ca.se+ the illness or
inca2acity ,or labor o, the in6.re+ 2erson ,or more than thirty +ays*
#, the o,,ense shall ha3e been committe+ a4ainst any o, the 2ersons en.merate+ in
Article 0:B, or with atten+ance o, any o, the circ.mstances mentione+ in Article 0:8, the case
co3ere+ by s.b+i3ision n.mber 1 o, this Article shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral in its
me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s9 the case co3ere+ by s.b+i3ision n.mber 0 by 2rision correccional
in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+9 the case co3ere+ by s.b+i3ision
n.mber 3 by 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s9 an+ the case co3ere+ by
s.b+i3ision n.mber : by 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s*
The 2ro3isions o, the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h shall not be a22licable to a 2arent who shall
in,lict 2hysical in6.ries .2on his chil+ by e1cessi3e chastisement*
Art* 0B:* Administerin" in%urious substances or bevera"es. The 2enalties establishe+ by the
ne1t 2rece+in4 article shall be a22licable in the res2ecti3e case to any 2erson who, witho.t intent
to kill, shall in,lict .2on another any serio.s, 2hysical in6.ry, by knowin4ly a+ministerin4 to him any
in6.rio.s s.bstance or be3era4es or by takin4 a+3anta4e o, his weakness o, min+ or cre+.lity*
Art* 0B<* 3ess serious physical in%uries* Any 2erson who shall in,lict .2on another 2hysical
in6.ries not +escribe+ in the 2rece+in4 articles, b.t which shall inca2acitate the o,,en+e+ 2arty ,or
labor ,or ten +ays or more, or shall reA.ire me+ical assistance ,or the same 2erio+, shall be 4.ilty
o, less serio.s 2hysical in6.ries an+ shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor*
,3
;hene3er less serio.s 2hysical in6.ries shall ha3e been in,licte+ with the mani,est intent
to kill or o,,en+ the in6.re+ 2erson, or .n+er circ.mstances a++in4 i4nominy to the o,,ense in
a++ition to the 2enalty o, arresto mayor, a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+*
Any less serio.s 2hysical in6.ries in,licte+ .2on the o,,en+erEs 2arents, ascen+ants,
4.ar+ians, c.rators, teachers, or 2ersons o, rank, or 2ersons in a.thority, shall be 2.nishe+ by
2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, 2ro3i+e+ that, in the case o, 2ersons in
a.thority, the +ee+ +oes not constit.te the crime o, assa.lt .2on s.ch 2erson*
Art* 0BB* ,li"ht physical in%uries and maltreatment* The crime o, sli4ht 2hysical in6.ries shall be
2.nishe+7
1* =y arresto menor when the o,,en+er has in,licte+ 2hysical in6.ries which shall
inca2acitate the o,,en+e+ 2arty ,or labor ,rom one to nine +ays, or shall reA.ire
me+ical atten+ance +.rin4 the same 2erio+*
0* =y arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 00 2esos an+ cens.re when the o,,en+er
has ca.se+ 2hysical in6.ries which +o not 2re3ent the o,,en+e+ 2arty ,rom en4a4in4
in his habit.al work nor reA.ire me+ical assistance*
3* =y arresto menor in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <0 2esos when the
o,,en+er shall ill/treat another by +ee+ witho.t ca.sin4 any in6.ry*
Title %ine
")#?E& A8A#%&T PE)&%A' '#=E)T@ A%D &E">)#T@

"ha2ter ne
")#?E& A8A#%&T '#=E)T@

Art* 0BC* =idnappin" and serious ille"al detention. Any 2ri3ate in+i3i+.al who shall ki+na2 or
+etain another, or in any other manner +e2ri3e him o, his liberty, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o,
recl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath7
1* #, the ki+na22in4 or +etention shall ha3e laste+ more than ,i3e +ays*
0* #, it shall ha3e been committe+ sim.latin4 2.blic a.thority*
3* #, any serio.s 2hysical in6.ries shall ha3e been in,licte+ .2on the 2erson ki+na22e+ or
+etaine+9 or i, threats to kill him shall ha3e been ma+e*
:* #, the 2erson ki+na22e+ or +etaine+ shall be a minor, ,emale or a 2.blic o,,icer*
,*
The 2enalty shall be +eath where the ki+na22in4 or +etention was committe+ ,or the
2.r2ose o, e1tortin4 ransom ,rom the 3ictim or any other 2erson, e3en i, none o, the
circ.mstances abo3e/mentione+ were 2resent in the commission o, the o,,ense*
Art* 0B8* ,li"ht ille"al detention. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2ri3ate in+i3i+.al who shall commit the crimes +escribe+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article witho.t the
atten+ance o, any o, circ.mstances en.merate+ therein*
The same 2enalty shall be inc.rre+ by anyone who shall ,.rnish the 2lace ,or the
2er2etration o, the crime*
#, the o,,en+er shall 3ol.ntarily release the 2erson so ki+na22e+ or +etaine+ within three
+ays ,rom the commencement o, the +etention, witho.t ha3in4 attaine+ the 2.r2ose inten+e+,
an+ be,ore the instit.tion o, criminal 2rocee+in4s a4ainst him, the 2enalty shall be 2rision mayor
in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 se3en h.n+re+ 2esos*
Art* 0B9* 7nlawful arrest. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, in any case other than those a.thori5e+ by law, or
witho.t reasonable 4ro.n+ there,or, shall arrest or +etain another ,or the 2.r2ose o, +eli3erin4
him to the 2ro2er a.thorities*
&ection Two* Fi+na22in4 o, minors

Art* 0C0* =idnappin" and failure to return a minor. The 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, bein4 entr.ste+ with the c.sto+y o, a minor 2erson, shall
+eliberately ,ail to restore the latter to his 2arents or 4.ar+ians*
Art* 0C1* -nducin" a minor to abandon his home. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional an+ a ,ine
not e1cee+in4 se3en h.n+re+ 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on anyone who shall in+.ce a minor to
aban+on the home o, his 2arent or 4.ar+ians or the 2ersons entr.ste+ with his c.sto+y*
#, the 2erson committin4 any o, the crimes co3ere+ by the two 2rece+in4 articles shall be
the ,ather or the mother o, the minor, the 2enalty shall be arresto mayor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4
three h.n+re+ 2esos, or both*
Art* 0C0* ,lavery* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor an+ a ,ine o, not e1cee+in4 10,000 2esos shall
be im2ose+ .2on anyone who shall 2.rchase, sell, ki+na2 or +etain a h.man bein4 ,or the
2.r2ose o, ensla3in4 him*
#, the crime be committe+ ,or the 2.r2ose o, assi4nin4 the o,,en+e+ 2arty to some
immoral tra,,ic, the 2enalty shall be im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
Art* 0C3* (ploitation of child labor. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+
me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on anyone who, .n+er
,5
the 2rete1t o, reimb.rsin4 himsel, o, a +ebt inc.rre+ by an ascen+ant, 4.ar+ian or 2erson
entr.ste+ with the c.sto+y o, a minor, shall, a4ainst the latterEs will, retain him in his ser3ice*
Art* 0C:* ,ervices rendered under compulsion in payment of debt. The 2enalty o, arresto
mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+ .2on
any 2erson who, in or+er to reA.ire or en,orce the 2ayment o, a +ebt, shall com2el the +ebtor to
work ,or him, a4ainst his will, as ho.sehol+ ser3ant or ,arm laborer*
"ha2ter Two
")#?E& A8A#%&T &E">)#T@

&ection ne* Aban+onment o, hel2less 2ersons
an+ e12loitation o, minors*
Art* 0C<* Abandonment of person in dan"er and abandonment of one:s own victim. The
2enalty o, arresto mayor shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any one who shall ,ail to ren+er assistance to any 2erson whom he shall ,in+ in an
.ninhabite+ 2lace wo.n+e+ or in +an4er o, +yin4, when he can ren+er s.ch
assistance witho.t +etriment to himsel,, .nless s.ch omission shall constit.te a more
serio.s o,,ense*
0* Anyone who shall ,ail to hel2 or ren+er assistance to another whom he has
acci+entally wo.n+e+ or in6.re+*
3* Anyone who, ha3in4 ,o.n+ an aban+one+ chil+ .n+er se3en years o, a4e, shall ,ail to
+eli3er sai+ chil+ to the a.thorities or to his ,amily, or shall ,ail to take him to a sa,e
2lace*
Art* 0CB* Abandonin" a minor. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00
2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any one who shall aban+on a chil+ .n+er se3en years o, a4e, the
c.sto+y o, which is inc.mbent .2on him*
;hen the +eath o, the minor shall res.lt ,rom s.ch aban+onment, the c.l2rit shall be
2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s9 b.t i, the li,e o, the minor
shall ha3e been in +an4er only, the 2enalty shall be 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+
me+i.m 2erio+s*
The 2ro3isions containe+ in the two 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs shall not 2re3ent the
im2osition o, the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or the act committe+, when the same shall constit.te a more
serio.s o,,ense*
,+
Art* 0CC* Abandonment of minor by person entrusted with his custody+ indifference of parents.
The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on anyone
who, ha3in4 char4e o, the rearin4 or e+.cation o, a minor, shall +eli3er sai+ minor to a 2.blic
instit.tion or other 2ersons, witho.t the consent o, the one who entr.ste+ s.ch chil+ to his care or
in the absence o, the latter, witho.t the consent o, the 2ro2er a.thorities*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on the 2arents who shall ne4lect their chil+ren by
not 4i3in4 them the e+.cation which their station in li,e reA.ire an+ ,inancial con+itions 2ermit*
Art* 0C8* (ploitation of minors* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who shall ca.se any boy or 4irl .n+er si1teen years o, a4e to 2er,orm any
+an4ero.s ,eat o, balancin4, 2hysical stren4th, or contortion*
0* Any 2erson who, bein4 an acrobat, 4ymnast, ro2e/walker, +i3er, wil+/animal tamer or
circ.s mana4er or en4a4e+ in a similar callin4, shall em2loy in e1hibitions o, these
kin+s chil+ren .n+er si1teen years o, a4e who are not his chil+ren or +escen+ants*
3* Any 2erson en4a4e+ in any o, the callin4s en.merate+ in the ne1t 2ara4ra2h
2rece+in4 who shall em2loy any +escen+ant o, his .n+er twel3e years o, a4e in s.ch
+an4ero.s e1hibitions*
:* Any ascen+ant, 4.ar+ian, teacher or 2erson entr.ste+ in any ca2acity with the care
o, a chil+ .n+er si1teen years o, a4e, who shall +eli3er s.ch chil+ 4rat.ito.sly to any
2erson ,ollowin4 any o, the callin4s en.merate+ in 2ara4ra2h 0 hereo,, or to any
habit.al 3a4rant or be44ar*
#, the +eli3ery shall ha3e been ma+e in consi+eration o, any 2rice, com2ensation, or
2romise, the 2enalty shall in e3ery case be im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
#n either case, the 4.ar+ian or c.rator con3icte+ shall also be remo3e+ ,rom o,,ice as
4.ar+ian or c.rator9 an+ in the case o, the 2arents o, the chil+, they may be +e2ri3e+,
tem2orarily or 2er2et.ally, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt, o, their 2arental a.thority*
<* Any 2erson who shall in+.ce any chil+ .n+er si1teen years o, a4e to aban+on the
home o, its ascen+ants, 4.ar+ians, c.rators, or teachers to ,ollow any 2erson
en4a4e+ in any o, the callin4s mentione+ in 2ara4ra2h 0 hereo,, or to accom2any
any habit.al 3a4rant or be44ar*
Art* 0C9* Additional penalties for other offenses* The im2osition o, the 2enalties 2rescribe+ in
the 2rece+in4 articles, shall not 2re3ent the im2osition .2on the same 2erson o, the 2enalty
2ro3i+e+ ,or any other ,elonies +e,ine+ an+ 2.nishe+ by this "o+e*

,,
&ection Two* Tres2ass to +wellin4

Art* 080* 9ualified trespass to dwellin"* Any 2ri3ate 2erson who shall enter the +wellin4 o,
another a4ainst the latterEs will shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000
2esos*
#, the o,,ense be committe+ by means o, 3iolence or intimi+ation, the 2enalty shall be
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
The 2ro3isions o, this article shall not be a22licable to any 2erson who shall enter
anotherEs +wellin4 ,or the 2.r2ose o, 2re3entin4 some serio.s harm to himsel,, the occ.2ants o,
the +wellin4 or a thir+ 2erson, nor shall it be a22licable to any 2erson who shall enter a +wellin4
,or the 2.r2ose o, ren+erin4 some ser3ice to h.manity or 6.stice, nor to anyone who shall enter
ca,es, ta3erns, inn an+ other 2.blic ho.ses, while the same are o2en*
Art* 081* $ther forms of trespass. The 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000
2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall enter the close+ 2remises or the
,ence+ estate o, another, while either or them are .ninhabite+, i, the 2rohibition to enter be
mani,est an+ the tres2asser has not sec.re+ the 2ermission o, the owner or the caretaker
thereo,*
&ection Three* Threats an+ coercion

Art* 080* #rave threats. Any 2erson who shall threaten another with the in,liction .2on the
2erson, honor or 2ro2erty o, the latter or o, his ,amily o, any wron4 amo.ntin4 to a crime, shall
s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ by law ,or the crime be
threatene+ to commit, i, the o,,en+er shall ha3e ma+e the threat +eman+in4 money or
im2osin4 any other con+ition, e3en tho.4h not .nlaw,.l, an+ sai+ o,,en+er shall ha3e
attaine+ his 2.r2ose* #, the o,,en+er shall not ha3e attaine+ his 2.r2ose, the 2enalty
lower by two +e4rees shall be im2ose+*
#, the threat be ma+e in writin4 or thro.4h a mi++leman, the 2enalty shall be im2ose+
in its ma1im.m 2erio+*
0* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos, i, the threat shall
not ha3e been ma+e s.b6ect to a con+ition*
Art* 083* 3i"ht threats. Any threat to commit a wron4 not constit.tin4 a crime, ma+e in the
manner e12resse+ in s.b+i3ision 1 o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto
mayor*
,8
Art* 08:* *ond for "ood behavior* #n all cases ,allin4 within the two ne1t 2rece+in4 articles, the
2erson makin4 the threats may also be reA.ire+ to 4i3e bail not to molest the 2erson threatene+,
or i, he shall ,ail to 4i3e s.ch bail, he shall be sentence+ to +estierro*
Art* 08<* $ther li"ht threats. The 2enalty o, arresto menor in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 000 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who, witho.t bein4 incl.+e+ in the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rece+in4
article, shall threaten another with a wea2on or +raw s.ch wea2on in a A.arrel,
.nless it be in law,.l sel,/+e,ense*
0* Any 2erson who, in the heat o, an4er, shall orally threaten another with some harm
not constit.tin4 a crime, an+ who by s.bseA.ent acts show that he +i+ not 2ersist in
the i+ea in3ol3e+ in his threat, 2ro3i+e+ that the circ.mstances o, the o,,ense shall
not brin4 it within the 2ro3isions o, Article 080 o, this "o+e*
3* Any 2erson who shall orally threaten to +o another any harm not constit.tin4 a ,elony*
Art* 08B* #rave coercions. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, witho.t a.thority o, law, shall, by means o, 3iolence,
2re3ent another ,rom +oin4 somethin4 not 2rohibite+ by law, or com2el him to +o somethin4
a4ainst his will, whether it be ri4ht or wron4*
#, the coercion be committe+ ,or the 2.r2ose o, com2ellin4 another to 2er,orm any
reli4io.s act or to 2re3ent him ,rom so +oin4, the 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree shall be im2ose+*
Art* 08C* 3i"ht coercions* Any 2erson who, by means o, 3iolence, shall sei5e anythin4
belon4in4 to his +ebtor ,or the 2.r2ose o, a22lyin4 the same to the 2ayment o, the +ebt, shall
s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its minim.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine eA.i3alent to the 3al.e o, the
thin4, b.t in no case less than C< 2esos*
Any other coercions or .n6.st 3e1ations shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto menor or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom < 2esos to 000 2esos, or both*
Art* 088* $ther similar coercions+ ?Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wa"es
by means of tokens.@ > The 2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to <00 2esos, or
both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson, a4ent or o,,icer, o, any association or cor2oration who
shall ,orce or com2el, +irectly or in+irectly, or shall knowin4ly 2ermit any laborer or em2loyee
em2loye+ by him or by s.ch ,irm or cor2oration to be ,orce+ or com2elle+, to 2.rchase
merchan+ise or commo+ities o, any kin+*
The same 2enalties shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall 2ay the wa4es +.e a
laborer or em2loyee em2loye+ by him, by means o, tokens or ob6ects other than the le4al ten+er
c.rrency o, the laborer or em2loyee*
,-
Art* 089* 6ormation, maintenance and prohibition of combination of capital or labor throu"h
violence or threats. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 300 2esos shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, ,or the 2.r2ose o, or4ani5in4, maintainin4 or 2re3entin4 coalitions
or ca2ital or labor, strike o, laborers or lock/o.t o, em2loyees, shall em2loy 3iolence or threats in
s.ch a +e4ree as to com2el or ,orce the laborers or em2loyers in the ,ree an+ le4al e1ercise o,
their in+.stry or work, i, the act shall not constit.te a more serio.s o,,ense in accor+ance with the
2ro3isions o, this "o+e*
"ha2ter Three
D#&"$E)@ A%D )E$E'AT#% ! &E")ET&

Art* 090* Discoverin" secrets throu"h seiAure of correspondence. The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be
im2ose+ .2on any 2ri3ate in+i3i+.al who in or+er to +isco3er the secrets o, another, shall sei5e
his 2a2ers or letters an+ re3eal the contents thereo,*
#, the o,,en+er shall not re3eal s.ch secrets, the 2enalty shall be arresto mayor an+ a ,ine
not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos*
The 2ro3ision shall not be a22licable to 2arents, 4.ar+ians, or 2ersons entr.ste+ with the
c.sto+y o, minors with res2ect to the 2a2ers or letters o, the chil+ren or minors 2lace+ .n+er their
care or st.+y, nor to s2o.ses with res2ect to the 2a2ers or letters o, either o, them*
Art* 091* Revealin" secrets with abuse of office* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not
e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on any mana4er, em2loyee, or ser3ant who, in s.ch
ca2acity, shall learn the secrets o, his 2rinci2al or master an+ shall re3eal s.ch secrets*
Art* 090* Revelation of industrial secrets. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m
an+ me+i.m 2erio+s an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <00 2esos shall be im2ose+ .2on the 2erson in
char4e, em2loyee or workman o, any man.,act.rin4 or in+.strial establishment who, to the
2re6.+ice o, the owner thereo,, shall re3eal the secrets o, the in+.stry o, the latter*
Title Ten
")#?E& A8A#%&T P)PE)T@

"ha2ter ne
)==E)@ #% 8E%E)A'

Art* 093* !ho are "uilty of robbery. Any 2erson who, with intent to 4ain, shall take any
2ersonal 2ro2erty belon4in4 to another, by means o, 3iolence or intimi+ation o, any 2erson, or
.sin4 ,orce .2on anythin4 shall be 4.ilty o, robbery*

&ection ne* )obbery with 3iolence or intimi+ation o, 2ersons*
8)

Art* 09<* Robbery with violence a"ainst or intimidation of persons+ Penalties. Any 2erson 4.ilty
o, robbery with the .se o, 3iolence a4ainst or intimi+ation o, any 2erson shall s.,,er7
1* The 2enalty o, recl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath, when by reason or on occasion o, the
robbery, the crime o, homici+e shall ha3e been committe+*
0* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral in its me+i.m 2erio+ to recl.sion 2er2et.a when
the robbery shall ha3e been accom2anie+ by ra2e or intentional m.tilation, or i, by
reason or on occasion o, s.ch robbery, any o, the 2hysical in6.ries 2enali5e+ in
s.b+i3ision 1 o, Article 0B3 shall ha3e been in,licte+9 Pro3i+e+, howe3er, that when
the robbery accom2anie+ with ra2e is committe+ with a .se o, a +ea+ly wea2on or by
two or more 2ersons, the 2enalty shall be recl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath (As amen+e+
by PD %o* CBC)*
3* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral, when by reason or on occasion o, the robbery, any
o, the 2hysical in6.ries 2enali5e+ in s.b+i3ision 0 o, the article mentione+ in the ne1t
2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, shall ha3e been in,licte+*
:* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to recl.sion tem2oral in its
me+i.m 2erio+, i, the 3iolence or intimi+ation em2loye+ in the commission o, the
robbery shall ha3e been carrie+ to a +e4ree clearly .nnecessary ,or the commission
o, the crime, or when the co.rse o, its e1ec.tion, the o,,en+er shall ha3e in,licte+
.2on any 2erson not res2onsible ,or its commission any o, the 2hysical in6.ries
co3ere+ by s.b/+i3isions 3 an+ : o, sai+ Article 03*
<* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its
me+i.m 2erio+ in other cases* (As amen+e+ by )* A* 18)*
Art* 09<* Robbery with physical in%uries, committed in an uninhabited place and by a band, or with
the use of firearm on a street, road or alley. #, the o,,enses mentione+ in s.b+i3isions three,
,o.r, an+ ,i3e o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article shall ha3e been committe+ in an .ninhabite+ 2lace or
by a ban+, or by attackin4 a mo3in4 train, street car, motor 3ehicle or airshi2, or by enterin4 the
2assen4erEs com2artments in a train or, in any manner, takin4 the 2assen4ers thereo, by s.r2rise
in the res2ecti3e con3eyances, or on a street, roa+, hi4hway, or alley, an+ the intimi+ation is
ma+e with the .se o, a ,irearm, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by the ma1im.m 2erio+ o, the
2ro2er 2enalties*
#n the same cases, the 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree shall be im2ose+ .2on the lea+er o,
the ban+*
Art* 09B* Definition of a band and penalty incurred by the members thereof. ;hen more than
three arme+ male,actors take 2art in the commission o, a robbery, it shall be +eeme+ to ha3e
been committe+ by a ban+* ;hen any o, the arms .se+ in the commission o, the o,,ense be an
.nlicense+ ,irearm, the 2enalty to be im2ose+ .2on all the male,actors shall be the ma1im.m o,
81
the corres2on+in4 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ by law, witho.t 2re6.+ice o, the criminal liability ,or ille4al
2ossession o, s.ch .nlicense+ ,irearms*
Any member o, a ban+ who is 2resent at the commission o, a robbery by the ban+, shall
be 2.nishe+ as 2rinci2al o, any o, the assa.lts committe+ by the ban+, .nless it be shown that he
attem2te+ to 2re3ent the same*
Art* 09C* Attempted and frustrated robbery committed under certain circumstances. ;hen by
reason or on occasion o, an attem2te+ or ,r.strate+ robbery a homici+e is committe+, the 2erson
4.ilty o, s.ch o,,enses shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to recl.sion
2er2et.a, .nless the homici+e committe+ shall +eser3e a hi4her 2enalty .n+er the 2ro3isions o,
this "o+e*
Art* 098* (ecution of deeds by means of violence or intimidation* Any 2erson who, with intent
to +e,ra.+ another, by means o, 3iolence or intimi+ation, shall com2el him to si4n, e1ec.te or
+eli3er any 2.blic instr.ment or +oc.ments, shall be hel+ 4.ilty o, robbery an+ 2.nishe+ by the
2enalties res2ecti3ely 2rescribe+ in this "ha2ter*
&ection Two* )obbery by the .se o, ,orce .2on thin4s

Art* 099* Robbery in an inhabited house or public buildin" or edifice devoted to worship* Any
arme+ 2erson who shall commit robbery in an inhabite+ ho.se or 2.blic b.il+in4 or e+i,ice
+e3ote+ to reli4io.s worshi2, shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral, i, the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty
taken shall e1cee+ 0<0 2esos, an+ i,7
(a) The male,actors shall enter the ho.se or b.il+in4 in which the robbery was committe+,
by any o, the ,ollowin4 means7

1* Thro.4h a o2enin4 not inten+e+ ,or entrance or e4ress*
0* =y breakin4 any wall, roo,, or ,loor or breakin4 any +oor or win+ow*
3* =y .sin4 ,alse keys, 2icklocks or similar tools*
:* =y .sin4 any ,ictitio.s name or 2reten+in4 the e1ercise o, 2.blic a.thority*
r i,
(b) The robbery be committe+ .n+er any o, the ,ollowin4 circ.mstances7

1* =y the breakin4 o, +oors, war+robes, chests, or any other kin+ o, locke+ or
seale+ ,.rnit.re or rece2tacle9
0* =y takin4 s.ch ,.rnit.re or ob6ects to be broken or ,orce+ o2en o.tsi+e the
2lace o, the robbery*
82
;hen the o,,en+ers +o not carry arms, an+ the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty taken e1cee+s 0<0
2esos, the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree shall be im2ose+*
The same r.le shall be a22lie+ when the o,,en+ers are arme+, b.t the 3al.e o, the
2ro2erty taken +oes not e1cee+ 0<0 2esos*
;hen sai+ o,,en+ers +o not carry arms an+ the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty taken +oes not
e1cee+ 0<0 2esos, they shall s.,,er the 2enalty 2rescribe+ in the two ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs,
in its minim.m 2erio+*
#, the robbery be committe+ in one o, the +e2en+encies o, an inhabite+ ho.se, 2.blic
b.il+in4, or b.il+in4 +e+icate+ to reli4io.s worshi2, the 2enalties ne1t lower in +e4ree than those
2rescribe+ in this article shall be im2ose+*
Art* 300* Robbery in an uninhabited place and by a band. The robbery mentione+ in the ne1t
2rece+in4 article, i, committe+ in an .ninhabite+ 2lace an+ by a ban+, shall be 2.nishe+ by the
ma1im.m 2erio+ o, the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ there,or*
Art* 301* !hat is an inhabited house, public buildin" or buildin" dedicated to reli"ious worship
and their dependencies. #nhabite+ ho.se means any shelter, shi2 or 3essel constit.tin4 the
+wellin4 o, one or more 2ersons, e3en tho.4h the inhabitants thereo, shall tem2orarily be absent
there,rom when the robbery is committe+*
All interior co.rts, corrals, waterho.ses, 4ranaries, barns, coach/ho.ses, stables or other
+e2artments or inclose+ 2laces conti4.o.s to the b.il+in4 or e+i,ice, ha3in4 an interior entrance
connecte+ therewith, an+ which ,orm 2art o, the whole, shall be +eeme+ +e2en+encies o, an
inhabite+ ho.se, 2.blic b.il+in4 or b.il+in4 +e+icate+ to reli4io.s worshi2*
rchar+s an+ other lan+s .se+ ,or c.lti3ation or 2ro+.ction are not incl.+e+ in the terms
o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, e3en i, close+, conti4.o.s to the b.il+in4 an+ ha3in4 +irect
connection therewith*
The term "public buildin"" incl.+es e3ery b.il+in4 owne+ by the 8o3ernment or belon4in4
to a 2ri3ate 2erson not incl.+e+ .se+ or rente+ by the 8o3ernment, altho.4h tem2orarily
.nocc.2ie+ by the same*
Art* 300* Robbery is an uninhabited place or in a private buildin". Any robbery committe+ in an
.ninhabite+ 2lace or in a b.il+in4 other than those mentione+ in the ,irst 2ara4ra2h o, Article 099,
i, the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty taken e1cee+s 0<0 2esos, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional i,
any o, the ,ollowin4 circ.mstances is 2resent7
1* #, the entrance has been e,,ecte+ thro.4h any o2enin4 not inten+e+ ,or entrance or
e4ress*
83
0* #, any wall, roo,, ,lo.r or o.tsi+e +oor or win+ow has been broken*
3* #, the entrance has been e,,ecte+ thro.4h the .se o, ,alse keys, 2icklocks or other
similar tools*
:* #, any +orm, war+robe, chest or by seale+ or close+ ,.rnit.re or rece2tacle has been
broken*
<* #, any close+ or seale+ rece2tacle, as mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h, has
been remo3e+ e3en i, the same to broken o2en elsewhere*
;hen the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty takes +oes not e1cee+ 0<0 2esos, the 2enalty ne1t lower
in +e4ree shall be im2ose+*
#n the cases s2eci,ie+ in Articles 09:, 09<, 09C, 099, 300, an+ 300 o, this "o+e, when the
2ro2erty taken is mail matter or lar4e cattle, the o,,en+er shall s.,,er the 2enalties ne1t hi4her in
+e4ree than those 2ro3i+e+ in sai+ articles*
Art* 303* Robbery of cereals, fruits, or firewood in an uninhabited place or private buildin". #n
the cases en.merate+ in Articles 099 an+ 300, when the robbery consists in the takin4 o, cereals,
,r.its, or ,irewoo+, the c.l2rit shall s.,,er the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ in
sai+ articles*
Art* 30:* Possession of picklocks or similar tools* Any 2erson who shall witho.t law,.l ca.se
ha3e in his 2ossession 2icklocks or similar tools es2ecially a+o2te+ to the commission o, the
crime o, robbery, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall make s.ch tools* #, the
o,,en+er be a locksmith, he shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s*
Art* 30<* 6alse keys. The term "false keys" shall be +eeme+ to incl.+e7
1* The tools mentione+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 articles*
0* 8en.ine keys stolen ,rom the owner*
3* Any keys other than those inten+e+ by the owner ,or .se in the lock ,orcibly o2ene+ by
the o,,en+er*
"ha2ter Two
=)#8A%DA8E

Art* 30B* !ho are bri"ands+ Penalty. ;hen more than three arme+ 2ersons ,orm a ban+ o,
8*
robbers ,or the 2.r2ose o, committin4 robbery in the hi4hway, or ki+na22in4 2ersons ,or the
2.r2ose o, e1tortion or to obtain ransom or ,or any other 2.r2ose to be attaine+ by means o,
,orce an+ 3iolence, they shall be +eeme+ hi4hway robbers or bri4an+s*
Persons ,o.n+ 4.ilty o, this o,,ense shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor in its me+i.m
2erio+ to recl.sion tem2oral in its minim.m 2erio+ i, the act or acts committe+ by them are not
2.nishable by hi4her 2enalties, in which case, they shall s.,,er s.ch hi4h 2enalties*
#, any o, the arms carrie+ by any o, sai+ 2ersons be an .nlicense+ ,irearms, it shall be
2res.me+ that sai+ 2ersons are hi4hway robbers or bri4an+s, an+ in case o, con3ictions the
2enalty shall be im2ose+ in the ma1im.m 2erio+*
Art* 30C* Aidin" and abettin" a band of bri"ands. Any 2erson knowin4ly an+ in any manner
ai+in4, abettin4 or 2rotectin4 a ban+ o, bri4an+s as +escribe+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, or
4i3in4 them in,ormation o, the mo3ements o, the 2olice or other 2eace o,,icers o, the 8o3ernment
(or o, the ,orces o, the >nite+ &tates Army), when the latter are actin4 in ai+ o, the 8o3ernment,
or acA.irin4 or recei3in4 the 2ro2erty taken by s.ch bri4an+s shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision
correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+*
#t shall be 2res.me+ that the 2erson 2er,ormin4 any o, the acts 2ro3i+e+ in this article
has 2er,orme+ them knowin4ly, .nless the contrary is 2ro3en*
"ha2ter Three
T(E!T

Art* 308* !ho are liable for theft. The,t is committe+ by any 2erson who, with intent to 4ain b.t
witho.t 3iolence a4ainst or intimi+ation o,2ersons nor ,orce .2on thin4s, shall take 2ersonal
2ro2erty o, another witho.t the latterEs consent*
The,t is likewise committe+ by7
1* Any 2erson who, ha3in4 ,o.n+ lost 2ro2erty, shall ,ail to +eli3er the same to the local
a.thorities or to its owner9
0* Any 2erson who, a,ter ha3in4 malicio.sly +ama4e+ the 2ro2erty o, another, shall
remo3e or make .se o, the ,r.its or ob6ect o, the +ama4e ca.se+ by him9 an+
3* Any 2erson who shall enter an inclose+ estate or a ,iel+ where tres2ass is ,orbi++en
or which belon4s to another an+ witho.t the consent o, its owner, shall h.nt or ,ish
.2on the same or shall 4ather cereals, or other ,orest or ,arm 2ro+.cts*
Art* 309* Penalties* Any 2erson 4.ilty o, the,t shall be 2.nishe+ by7
85
1* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the 3al.e o, the
thin4 stolen is more than 10,000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 00,000 2esos, b.t i, the
3al.e o, the thin4 stolen e1cee+s the latter amo.nt the 2enalty shall be the ma1im.m
2erio+ o, the one 2rescribe+ in this 2ara4ra2h, an+ one year ,or each a++itional ten
tho.san+ 2esos, b.t the total o, the 2enalty which may be im2ose+ shall not e1cee+
twenty years* #n s.ch cases, an+ in connection with the accessory 2enalties which
may be im2ose+ an+ ,or the 2.r2ose o, the other 2ro3isions o, this "o+e, the 2enalty
shall be terme+ 2rision mayor or recl.sion tem2oral, as the case may be*
0* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the 3al.e
o, the thin4 stolen is more than B,000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 10,000 2esos*
3* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the 3al.e o,
the 2ro2erty stolen is more than 000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos*
:* Arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, i,
the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty stolen is o3er <0 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos*
<* Arresto mayor to its ,.ll e1tent, i, s.ch 3al.e is o3er < 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ <0
2esos*
B* Arresto mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, s.ch 3al.e +oes not e1cee+ <
2esos*
C* Arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos, i, the the,t is committe+ .n+er the
circ.mstances en.merate+ in 2ara4ra2h 3 o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 article an+ the 3al.e
o, the thin4 stolen +oes not e1cee+ < 2esos* #, s.ch 3al.e e1cee+s sai+ amo.nt, the
2ro3ision o, any o, the ,i3e 2rece+in4 s.b+i3isions shall be ma+e a22licable*
8* Arresto menor in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 <0 2esos, when the
3al.e o, the thin4 stolen is not o3er < 2esos, an+ the o,,en+er shall ha3e acte+ .n+er
the im2.lse o, h.n4er, 2o3erty, or the +i,,ic.lty o, earnin4 a li3elihoo+ ,or the s.22ort
o, himsel, or his ,amily*
Art* 310* 9ualified theft. The crime o, the,t shall be 2.nishe+ by the 2enalties ne1t hi4her by
two +e4rees than those res2ecti3ely s2eci,ie+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, i, committe+ by a
+omestic ser3ant, or with 4ra3e ab.se o, con,i+ence, or i, the 2ro2erty stolen is motor 3ehicle,
mail matter or lar4e cattle or consists o, cocon.ts taken ,rom the 2remises o, the 2lantation or ,ish
taken ,rom a ,ish2on+ or ,ishery, or i, 2ro2erty is taken on the occasion o, ,ire, earthA.ake,
ty2hoon, 3olcanic err.2tion, or any other calamity, 3ehic.lar acci+ent or ci3il +ist.rbance* (As
amen+e+ by )*A* 100 an+ =*P* =l4* C1* ?ay 1, 1980)*
Art* 311* Theft of the property of the 4ational 3ibrary and 4ational 'useum. #, the 2ro2erty
stolen be any 2ro2erty o, the %ational 'ibrary or the %ational ?.se.m, the 2enalty shall be
arresto mayor or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to <00 2esos, or both, .nless a hi4her 2enalty sho.l+ be
8+
2ro3i+e+ .n+er other 2ro3isions o, this "o+e, in which case, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by
s.ch hi4her 2enalty*
"ha2ter !o.r
>&>)PAT#%

Art* 310* $ccupation of real property or usurpation of real ri"hts in property. Any 2erson who,
by means o, 3iolence a4ainst or intimi+ation o, 2ersons, shall take 2ossession o, any real
2ro2erty or shall .s.r2 any real ri4hts in 2ro2erty belon4in4 to another, in a++ition to the 2enalty
inc.rre+ ,or the acts o, 3iolence e1ec.te+ by him, shall be 2.nishe+ by a ,ine ,rom <0 to 100 2er
cent.m o, the 4ain which he shall ha3e obtaine+, b.t not less than C< 2esos*
#, the 3al.e o, the 4ain cannot be ascertaine+, a ,ine o, ,rom 000 to <00 2esos shall be
im2ose+*
Art* 313* Alterin" boundaries or landmarks* Any 2erson who shall alter the bo.n+ary marks or
mon.ments o, towns, 2ro3inces, or estates, or any other marks inten+e+ to +esi4nate the
bo.n+aries o, the same, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 100 2esos,
or both*
"ha2ter !i3e
">'PA='E #%&'$E%"@

Art* 31:* 6raudulent insolvency. Any 2erson who shall abscon+ with his 2ro2erty to the
2re6.+ice o, his cre+itors, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor, i, he be a merchant an+ the
2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+, i, he
be not a merchant*
"ha2ter &i1
&;#%D'#%8 A%D T(E) DE"E#T&

Art* 31<* ,windlin" ?estafa@* Any 2erson who shall +e,ra.+ another by any o, the means
mentione+ hereinbelow shall be 2.nishe+ by7
1st. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its
minim.m 2erio+, i, the amo.nt o, the ,ra.+ is o3er 10,000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 00,000
2esos, an+ i, s.ch amo.nt e1cee+s the latter s.m, the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ in this 2ara4ra2h shall be
im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+, a++in4 one year ,or each a++itional 10,000 2esos9 b.t the total
2enalty which may be im2ose+ shall not e1cee+ twenty years* #n s.ch cases, an+ in connection
with the accessory 2enalties which may be im2ose+ .n+er the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e, the
2enalty shall be terme+ 2rision mayor or recl.sion tem2oral, as the case may be*
2nd. The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the
amo.nt o, the ,ra.+ is o3er B,000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 10,000 2esos9
8,
Brd. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its
minim.m 2erio+ i, s.ch amo.nt is o3er 000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos9 an+
Cth. =y arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+, i, s.ch amo.nt +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos,
2ro3i+e+ that in the ,o.r cases mentione+, the ,ra.+ be committe+ by any o, the ,ollowin4 means7
1* ;ith .n,aith,.lness or ab.se o, con,i+ence, namely7

(a) =y alterin4 the s.bstance, A.antity, or A.ality or anythin4 o, 3al.e which the
o,,en+er shall +eli3er by 3irt.e o, an obli4ation to +o so, e3en tho.4h s.ch
obli4ation be base+ on an immoral or ille4al consi+eration*
(b) =y misa22ro2riatin4 or con3ertin4, to the 2re6.+ice o, another, money, 4oo+s,
or any other 2ersonal 2ro2erty recei3e+ by the o,,en+er in tr.st or on
commission, or ,or a+ministration, or .n+er any other obli4ation in3ol3in4 the
+.ty to make +eli3ery o, or to ret.rn the same, e3en tho.4h s.ch obli4ation
be totally or 2artially 4.arantee+ by a bon+9 or by +enyin4 ha3in4 recei3e+
s.ch money, 4oo+s, or other 2ro2erty*
(c) =y takin4 .n+.e a+3anta4e o, the si4nat.re o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty in blank,
an+ by writin4 any +oc.ment abo3e s.ch si4nat.re in blank, to the 2re6.+ice
o, the o,,en+e+ 2arty or o, any thir+ 2erson*
0* =y means o, any o, the ,ollowin4 ,alse 2retenses or ,ra.+.lent acts e1ec.te+ 2rior to or
sim.ltaneo.sly with the commission o, the ,ra.+7

(a) =y .sin4 ,ictitio.s name, or ,alsely 2reten+in4 to 2ossess 2ower, in,l.ence,
A.ali,ications, 2ro2erty, cre+it, a4ency, b.siness or ima4inary transactions, or
by means o, other similar +eceits*
(b) =y alterin4 the A.ality, ,ineness or wei4ht o, anythin4 2ertainin4 to his art or
b.siness*
(c) =y 2reten+in4 to ha3e bribe+ any 8o3ernment em2loyee, witho.t 2re6.+ice to
the action ,or cal.mny which the o,,en+e+ 2arty may +eem 2ro2er to brin4
a4ainst the o,,en+er* #n this case, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by the
ma1im.m 2erio+ o, the 2enalty*
(+) I=y 2ost/+atin4 a check, or iss.in4 a check in 2ayment o, an obli4ation when
the o,,en+er therein were not s.,,icient to co3er the amo.nt o, the check* The
,ail.re o, the +rawer o, the check to +e2osit the amo.nt necessary to co3er
his check within three (3) +ays ,rom recei2t o, notice ,rom the bank an+Jor
the 2ayee or hol+er that sai+ check has been +ishonore+ ,or lack o,
ins.,,iciency o, ,.n+s shall be 2rima ,acie e3i+ence o, +eceit constit.tin4
88
,alse 2retense or ,ra.+.lent act* (As amen+e+ by )*A* :88<, a22ro3e+ -.ne
1C, 19BC*)H
(e) =y obtainin4 any ,oo+, re,reshment or accommo+ation at a hotel, inn,
resta.rant, boar+in4 ho.se, lo+4in4 ho.se, or a2artment ho.se an+ the like
witho.t 2ayin4 there,or, with intent to +e,ra.+ the 2ro2rietor or mana4er
thereo,, or by obtainin4 cre+it at hotel, inn, resta.rant, boar+in4 ho.se,
lo+4in4 ho.se, or a2artment ho.se by the .se o, any ,alse 2retense, or by
aban+onin4 or s.rre2titio.sly remo3in4 any 2art o, his ba44a4e ,rom a hotel,
inn, resta.rant, boar+in4 ho.se, lo+4in4 ho.se or a2artment ho.se a,ter
obtainin4 cre+it, ,oo+, re,reshment or accommo+ation therein witho.t 2ayin4
,or his ,oo+, re,reshment or accommo+ation*
3* Thro.4h any o, the ,ollowin4 ,ra.+.lent means7

(a) =y in+.cin4 another, by means o, +eceit, to si4n any +oc.ment*
(b) =y resortin4 to some ,ra.+.lent 2ractice to ins.re s.ccess in a 4amblin4
4ame*
(c) =y remo3in4, concealin4 or +estroyin4, in whole or in 2art, any co.rt recor+,
o,,ice ,iles, +oc.ment or any other 2a2ers*
Art* 31B* $ther forms of swindlin". The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m
2erio+ an+ a ,ine o, not less than the 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+ an+ not more than three times
s.ch 3al.e, shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who, 2reten+in4 to be owner o, any real 2ro2erty, shall con3ey, sell,
enc.mber or mort4a4e the same*
0* Any 2erson, who, knowin4 that real 2ro2erty is enc.mbere+, shall +is2ose o, the
same, altho.4h s.ch enc.mbrance be not recor+e+*
3* The owner o, any 2ersonal 2ro2erty who shall wron4,.lly take it ,rom its law,.l
2ossessor, to the 2re6.+ice o, the latter or any thir+ 2erson*
:* Any 2erson who, to the 2re6.+ice o, another, shall e1ec.te any ,ictitio.s contract*
<* Any 2erson who shall acce2t any com2ensation 4i3en him .n+er the belie, that it was
in 2ayment o, ser3ices ren+ere+ or labor 2er,orme+ by him, when in ,act he +i+ not
act.ally 2er,orm s.ch ser3ices or labor*
B* Any 2erson who, while bein4 a s.rety in a bon+ 4i3en in a criminal or ci3il action,
witho.t e12ress a.thority ,rom the co.rt or be,ore the cancellation o, his bon+ or
8-
be,ore bein4 relie3e+ ,rom the obli4ation contracte+ by him, shall sell, mort4a4e, or,
in any other manner, enc.mber the real 2ro2erty or 2ro2erties with which he
4.arantee+ the ,.l,illment o, s.ch obli4ation*
Art* 31C* ,windlin" a minor* Any 2erson who takin4 a+3anta4e o, the ine12erience or emotions
or ,eelin4s o, a minor, to his +etriment, shall in+.ce him to ass.me any obli4ation or to 4i3e any
release or e1ec.te a trans,er o, any 2ro2erty ri4ht in consi+eration o, some loan o, money, cre+it
or other 2ersonal 2ro2erty, whether the loan clearly a22ears in the +oc.ment or is shown in any
other ,orm, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine o, a s.m ran4in4 ,rom 10 to <0 2er
cent o, the 3al.e o, the obli4ation contracte+ by the minor*
Art* 318* $ther deceits. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine o, not less than the amo.nt o,
the +ama4e ca.se+ an+ not more than twice s.ch amo.nt shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson
who shall +e,ra.+ or +ama4e another by any other +eceit not mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 articles
o, this cha2ter*
Any 2erson who, ,or 2ro,it or 4ain, shall inter2ret +reams, make ,orecasts, tell ,ort.nes, or
take a+3anta4e o, the cre+.lity o, the 2.blic in any other similar manner, shall s.,,er the 2enalty
o, arresto mayor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos*
"ha2ter &e3en
"(ATTE' ?)T8A8E

Art* 319* Removal, sale or pled"e of mort"a"ed property. The 2enalty or arresto mayor or a
,ine amo.ntin4 to twice the 3al.e o, the 2ro2erty shall be im2ose+ .2on7
1* Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly remo3e any 2ersonal 2ro2erty mort4a4e+ .n+er the
"hattel ?ort4a4e 'aw to any 2ro3ince or city other than the one in which it was
locate+ at the time o, the e1ec.tion o, the mort4a4e, witho.t the written consent o,
the mort4a4ee, or his e1ec.tors, a+ministrators or assi4ns*
0* Any mort4a4or who shall sell or 2le+4e 2ersonal 2ro2erty alrea+y 2le+4e+, or any
2art thereo,, .n+er the terms o, the "hattel ?ort4a4e 'aw, witho.t the consent o, the
mort4a4ee written on the back o, the mort4a4e an+ note+ on the recor+ hereo, in the
o,,ice o, the )e4ister o, Dee+s o, the 2ro3ince where s.ch 2ro2erty is locate+*
"ha2ter Ei4ht
A)&% A%D T(E) ")#?E& #%$'$#%8 DE&T)>"T#%&

Art* 300* Destructive arson. The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to
recl.sion 2er2et.a shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall b.rn7
1* Any arsenal, shi2yar+, storeho.se or military 2ow+er or ,ireworks ,actory, or+inance,
storeho.se, archi3es or 4eneral m.se.m o, the 8o3ernment*
-)
0* Any 2assen4er train or motor 3ehicle in motion or 3essel o.t o, 2ort*
3* #n an inhabite+ 2lace, any storeho.se or ,actory o, in,lammable or e12losi3e
materials*
Art* 301* $ther forms of arson* ;hen the arson consists in the b.rnin4 o, other 2ro2erty an+
.n+er the circ.mstances 4i3en here.n+er, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishable7
1* =y recl.sion tem2oral or recl.sion 2er2et.a7

(a) i, the o,,en+er shall set ,ire to any b.il+in4, ,armho.se, wareho.se, h.t, shelter, or
3essel in 2ort, knowin4 it to be occ.2ie+ at the time by one or more 2ersons9
(b) #, the b.il+in4 b.rne+ is a 2.blic b.il+in4 an+ 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+
e1cee+s B,000 2esos9
(c) #, the b.il+in4 b.rne+ is a 2.blic b.il+in4 an+ the 2.r2ose is to +estroy e3i+ence
ke2t therein to be .se+ in instit.tin4 2rosec.tion ,or the 2.nishment o, 3iolators o,
the law, irres2ecti3e o, the amo.nt o, the +ama4e9
(+) #, the b.il+in4 b.rne+ is a 2.blic b.il+in4 an+ the 2.r2ose is to +estroy e3i+ence
ke2t therein to be .se+ in le4islati3e, 6.+icial or a+ministrati3e 2rocee+in4s,
irres2ecti3e o, the amo.nt o, the +ama4e9 Pro3i+e+, howe3er, That i, the
e3i+ence +estroye+ is to be .se+ a4ainst the +e,en+ant ,or the 2rosec.tion o,
any crime 2.nishable .n+er e1istin4 laws, the 2enalty shall be recl.sion
2er2et.a9
(e) #, the arson shall ha3e been committe+ with the intention o, collectin4 .n+er an
ins.rance 2olicy a4ainst loss or +ama4e by ,ire*
0* =y recl.sion tem2oral7

(a) #, an inhabite+ ho.se or any other b.il+in4 in which 2eo2le are acc.stome+ to
meet is set on ,ire, an+ the c.l2rit +i+ not know that s.ch ho.se or b.il+in4 was
occ.2ie+ at the time, or i, he shall set ,ire to a mo3in4 ,rei4ht train or motor
3ehicle, an+ the 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s B,000 2esos9
(b) #, the 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+ in 2ara4ra2h (b) o, the 2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision
+oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos9
(c) #, a ,arm, s.4ar mill, cane mill, mill central, bamboo 4ro3es or any similar
2lantation is set on ,ire an+ the +ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s B,000 2esos9 an+
-1
(+) #, 4rain ,iel+s, 2ast.re lan+s, or ,orests, or 2lantin4s are set on ,ire, an+ the
+ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s B,000 2esos*
3* =y 2rision mayor7

(a) #, the 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+ in the case mentione+ in 2ara4ra2hs (a), (c),
an+ (+) in the ne1t 2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision +oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos9
(b) #, a b.il+in4 not .se+ as a +wellin4 or 2lace o, assembly, locate+ in a 2o2.late+
2lace, is set on ,ire, an+ the +ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s B,000 2esos9
:* =y 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+7

(a) #, a b.il+in4 .se+ as +wellin4 locate+ in an .ninhabite+ 2lace is set on ,ire
an+ the +ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s 1,000 2esos9
(b) #, the 3al.e or the +ama4e ca.se+ in the case mentione+ in 2ara4ra2hs (c)
an+ (+) o, s.b+i3ision 0 o, this article +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos*
<* =y 2rision correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision mayor in its minim.m 2erio+,
when the +ama4e ca.se+ is o3er 000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 1,000 2esos, an+
the 2ro2erty re,erre+ to in 2ara4ra2h (a) o, the 2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision is set on ,ire9
b.t when the 3al.e o, s.ch 2ro2erty +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos, the 2enalty ne1t
lower in +e4ree than that 2rescribe+ in this s.b+i3ision shall be im2ose+*
B* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the
+ama4e ca.se+ in the case mentione+ in 2ara4ra2h (b) o, s.b+i3ision 3 o, this article
+oes not e1cee+ B,000 2esos b.t is o3er 000 2esos*
C* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the
+ama4e ca.se+ in the case mentione+ 2ara4ra2h (b) s.b+i3ision 3 o, this article
+oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos*
8* The 2enalty o, arresto mayor an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom ,i,ty to one h.n+re+ 2er cent.m
i, the +ama4e ca.se+ shall be im2ose+, when the 2ro2erty b.rne+ consists o, 4rain
,iel+s, 2ast.re lan+s, ,orests, or 2lantations when the 3al.e o, s.ch 2ro2erty +oes not
e1cee+ 000 2esos* (As amen+e+ by )*A* <:BC, a22ro3e+ ?ay 10, 19B9)*
Art* 300* "ases o, arson not incl.+e+ in the 2rece+in4 articles* "ases o, arson not incl.+e+ in
the ne1t 2rece+in4 articles shall be 2.nishe+7
1* =y arresto mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, when the +ama4e ca.se+
+oes not e1cee+ <0 2esos9
-2
0* =y arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+,
when the +ama4e ca.se+ is o3er <0 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos9
3* =y 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the +ama4e ca.se+ is
o3er 000 2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 1,000 2esos9 an+
:* =y 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, it is o3er 1,000 2esos*
Art* 303* Arson of property of small value* The arson o, any .ninhabite+ h.t, storeho.se, barn,
she+, or any other 2ro2erty the 3al.e o, which +oes not e1cee+ 0< 2esos, committe+ at a time or
.n+er circ.mstances which clearly e1cl.+e all +an4er o, the ,ire s2rea+in4, shall not be 2.nishe+
by the 2enalties res2ecti3ely 2rescribe+ in this cha2ter, b.t in accor+ance with the +ama4e
ca.se+ an+ .n+er the 2ro3isions o, the ,ollowin4 cha2ter*
Art* 30:* Crimes involvin" destruction. Any 2erson who shall ca.se +estr.ction by means o,
e12losion, +ischar4e o, electric c.rrent, in.n+ation, sinkin4 or stran+in4 o, a 3essel, intentional
+ama4in4 o, the en4ine o, sai+ 3essel, takin4 .2 the rails ,rom a railway track, malicio.sly
chan4in4 railway si4nals ,or the sa,ety o, mo3in4 trains, +estroyin4 tele4ra2h wires an+ tele4ra2h
2osts, or those o, any other system, an+, in 4eneral, by .sin4 any other a4ency or means o,
+estr.ction as e,,ecti3e as those abo3e en.merate+, shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral i,
the commission has en+an4ere+ the sa,ety o, any 2erson, otherwise, the 2enalty o, 2rision mayor
shall be im2ose+*
Art* 30<* *urnin" one:s own property as means to commit arson* Any 2erson 4.ilty o, arson or
ca.sin4 4reat +estr.ction o, the 2ro2erty belon4in4 to another shall s.,,er the 2enalties
2rescribe+ in this cha2ter, e3en tho.4h he shall ha3e set ,ire to or +estroye+ his own 2ro2erty ,or
the 2.r2oses o, committin4 the crime*
Art* 30B* ,ettin" fire to property eclusively owned by the offender. #, the 2ro2erty b.rne+ shall
be the e1cl.si3e 2ro2erty o, the o,,en+er, he shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor in its ma1im.m
2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+, i, the arson shall ha3e been committe+ ,or
the 2.r2ose o, +e,ra.+in4 or ca.sin4 +ama4e to another, or 2re6.+ice shall act.ally ha3e been
ca.se+, or i, the thin4 b.rne+ shall ha3e been a b.il+in4 in an inhabite+ 2lace*
Art* 30B/A* -n cases where death resulted as a conse)uence of arson. #, +eath res.lte+ as a
conseA.ence o, arson committe+ on any o, the 2ro2erties an+ .n+er any o, the circ.mstances
mentione+ in the 2rece+in4 articles, the co.rt shall im2ose the +eath 2enalty*
Art* 30B/=* Prima facie evidence of arson. Any o, the ,ollowin4 circ.mstances shall constit.te
2rima ,acie e3i+ence o, arson7
1* #, a,ter the ,ire, are ,o.n+ materials or s.bstances soake+ in 4asoline, kerosene,
2etrole.m, or other in,lammables, or any mechanical, electrical chemical or traces or
any o, the ,ore4oin4*
-3
0* That s.bstantial amo.nt o, in,lammable s.bstance or materials were store+ within the
b.il+in4 not necessary in the co.rse o, the +e,en+antEs b.siness9 an+
3* That the ,ire starte+ sim.ltaneo.sly in more than one 2art o, the b.il+in4 or locale
.n+er circ.mstances that cannot normally be +.e to acci+ental or .nintentional
ca.ses7 Pro3i+e+, howe3er, That at least one o, the ,ollowin4 is 2resent in any o, the
three abo3e/mentione+ circ.mstances7
(a) That the total ins.rance carrie+ on the b.il+in4 an+Jor 4oo+s are more than
80 2er cent o, the 3al.e o, s.ch b.il+in4 an+Jor 4oo+s at the time o, the ,ire9
(b) That the +e,en+ant a,ter the ,ire has 2resente+ a ,ra.+.lent claim ,or loss*
The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional shall be im2ose+ on one who 2lants the articles
abo3e/mentione+, in or+er to sec.re a con3iction, or as a means o, e1tortion or coercion* (As
amen+e+ by )*A* <:BC, a22ro3e+ ?ay 10, 19B9)*
"ha2ter %ine
?A'#"#>& ?#&"(#E!

Art* 30C* !ho are liable for malicious mischief* Any 2erson who shall +eliberately ca.se the
2ro2erty o, another any +ama4e not ,allin4 within the terms o, the ne1t 2rece+in4 cha2ter shall be
4.ilty o, malicio.s mischie,*
Art* 308* ,pecial cases of malicious mischief. Any 2erson who shall ca.se +ama4e to obstr.ct
the 2er,ormance o, 2.blic ,.nctions, or .sin4 any 2oisono.s or corrosi3e s.bstance9 or s2rea+in4
any in,ection or conta4ion amon4 cattle9 or who ca.se +ama4e to the 2ro2erty o, the %ational
?.se.m or %ational 'ibrary, or to any archi3e or re4istry, waterworks, roa+, 2romena+e, or any
other thin4 .se+ in common by the 2.blic, shall be 2.nishe+7
1* =y 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, the 3al.e o, the
+ama4e ca.se+ e1cee+s 1,000 2esos9
0* =y arresto mayor, i, s.ch 3al.e +oes not e1cee+ the abo3ementione+ amo.nt b.t it is
o3er 000 2esos9 an+
3* =y arresto menor, in s.ch 3al.e +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos*
Art* 309* $ther mischiefs. The mischie,s not incl.+e+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article shall be
2.nishe+7
1* =y arresto mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s, i, the 3al.e o, the +ama4e
ca.se+ e1cee+s 1,000 2esos9
-*
0* =y arresto mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s, i, s.ch 3al.e is o3er 000
2esos b.t +oes not e1cee+ 1,000 2esos9 an+
3* =y arresto menor or ,ine o, not less than the 3al.e o, the +ama4e ca.se+ an+ not
more than 000 2esos, i, the amo.nt in3ol3e+ +oes not e1cee+ 000 2esos or cannot
be estimate+*
Art* 330* Dama"e and obstruction to means of communication. The 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall
+ama4e any railway, tele4ra2h or tele2hone lines*
#, the +ama4e shall res.lt in any +erailment o, cars, collision or other acci+ent, the
2enalty o, 2rision mayor shall be im2ose+, witho.t 2re6.+ice to the criminal liability o, the o,,en+er
,or the other conseA.ences o, his criminal act*
!or the 2.r2ose o, the 2ro3isions o, the article, the electric wires, traction cables, si4nal
system an+ other thin4s 2ertainin4 to railways, shall be +eeme+ to constit.te an inte4ral 2art o, a
railway system*
Art* 331* Destroyin" or dama"in" statues, public monuments or paintin"s. Any 2erson who
shall +estroy or +ama4e stat.es or any other .se,.l or ornamental 2.blic mon.ment shall s.,,er
the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+*
Any 2erson who shall +estroy or +ama4e any .se,.l or ornamental 2aintin4 o, a 2.blic
nat.re shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos, or both s.ch
,ine an+ im2risonment, in the +iscretion o, the co.rt*
"ha2ter Ten
EDE?PT#% !)? ")#?#%A' '#A=#'#T@
#% ")#?E& A8A#%&T P)PE)T@

Art* 330* Persons eempt from criminal liability* %o criminal, b.t only ci3il liability, shall res.lt
,rom the commission o, the crime o, the,t, swin+lin4 or malicio.s mischie, committe+ or ca.se+
m.t.ally by the ,ollowin4 2ersons7
1* &2o.ses, ascen+ants an+ +escen+ants, or relati3es by a,,inity in the same line*
0* The wi+owe+ s2o.se with res2ect to the 2ro2erty which belon4e+ to the +ecease+
s2o.se be,ore the same shall ha3e 2asse+ into the 2ossession o, another9 an+
3* =rothers an+ sisters an+ brothers/in/law an+ sisters/in/law, i, li3in4 to4ether*
The e1em2tion establishe+ by this article shall not be a22licable to stran4ers 2artici2atin4
in the commission o, the crime*
-5
Title Ele3en
")#?E& A8A#%&T "(A&T#T@

"ha2ter ne
AD>'TE)@ A%D "%">=#%A8E

Art* 333* !ho are "uilty of adultery* A+.ltery is committe+ by any marrie+ woman who shall
ha3e se1.al interco.rse with a man not her h.sban+ an+ by the man who has carnal knowle+4e
o, her knowin4 her to be marrie+, e3en i, the marria4e be s.bseA.ently +eclare+ 3oi+*
A+.ltery shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s*
#, the 2erson 4.ilty o, a+.ltery committe+ this o,,ense while bein4 aban+one+ witho.t
6.sti,ication by the o,,en+e+ s2o.se, the 2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree than that 2ro3i+e+ in the
ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h shall be im2ose+*
Art* 33:* Concubina"e. Any h.sban+ who shall kee2 a mistress in the con6.4al +wellin4, or
shall ha3e se1.al interco.rse, .n+er scan+alo.s circ.mstances, with a woman who is not his
wi,e, or shall cohabit with her in any other 2lace, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its
minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s*
The conc.bine shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, +estierro*
"ha2ter Two
)APE A%D A"T& ! 'A&"#$#>&%E&&

Art* 33<* !hen and how rape is committed* )a2e is committe+ by ha3in4 carnal knowle+4e o,
a woman .n+er any o, the ,ollowin4 circ.mstances7
1* =y .sin4 ,orce or intimi+ation9
0* ;hen the woman is +e2ri3e+ o, reason or otherwise .nconscio.s9 an+
3* ;hen the woman is .n+er twel3e years o, a4e, e3en tho.4h neither o, the
circ.mstances mentione+ in the two ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs shall be 2resent*
The crime o, ra2e shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion 2er2et.a*
;hene3er the crime o, ra2e is committe+ with the .se o, a +ea+ly wea2on or by two or
more 2ersons, the 2enalty shall be recl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath*
-+
;hen by reason or on the occasion o, the ra2e, the 3ictim has become insane, the
2enalty shall be +eath*
;hen ra2e is attem2te+ or ,r.strate+ an+ a homici+e is committe+ by reason or on the
occasion thereo,, the 2enalty shall be likewise +eath*
;hen by reason or on the occasion o, the ra2e, a homici+e is committe+, the 2enalty
shall be +eath* (As amen+e+ by )*A* 0B30, a22ro3e+ -.ne 18, 19B0, an+ )*A* :111, a22ro3e+
-.ne 00, 19B:)*
Art* 33B* Acts of lasciviousness. Any 2erson who shall commit any act o,
lasci3io.sness .2on other 2ersons o, either se1, .n+er any o, the circ.mstances mentione+ in the
2rece+in4 article, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional*
"ha2ter Three
&ED>"T#%, "))>PT#% ! ?#%)&
A%D ;(#TE &'A$E T)ADE

Art* 33C* 9ualified seduction. The se+.ction o, a 3ir4in o3er twel3e years an+ .n+er ei4hteen
years o, a4e, committe+ by any 2erson in 2.blic a.thority, 2riest, home/ser3ant, +omestic,
4.ar+ian, teacher, or any 2erson who, in any ca2acity, shall be entr.ste+ with the e+.cation or
c.sto+y o, the woman se+.ce+, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+
me+i.m 2erio+s*
The 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall se+.ce
his sister or +escen+ant, whether or not she be a 3ir4in or o3er ei4hteen years o, a4e*
>n+er the 2ro3isions o, this "ha2ter, se+.ction is committe+ when the o,,en+er has
carnal knowle+4e o, any o, the 2ersons an+ .n+er the circ.mstances +escribe+ herein*
Art* 338* ,imple seduction. The se+.ction o, a woman who is sin4le or a wi+ow o, 4oo+
re2.tation, o3er twel3e b.t .n+er ei4hteen years o, a4e, committe+ by means o, +eceit, shall be
2.nishe+ by arresto mayor*
Art* 339* Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party* The 2enalty o, arresto
mayor shall be im2ose+ to 2.nish any other acts o, lasci3io.sness committe+ by the same
2ersons an+ the same circ.mstances as those 2ro3i+e+ in Articles 33C an+ 338*
Art* 3:0* Corruption of minors* Any 2erson who shall 2romote or ,acilitate the 2rostit.tion or
corr.2tion o, 2ersons .n+era4e to satis,y the l.st o, another, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor,
an+ i, the c.l2rit is a 2.bic o,,icer or em2loyee, incl.+in4 those in 4o3ernment/owne+ or
controlle+ cor2orations, he shall also s.,,er the 2enalty o, tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ication* (As
amen+e+ by =atas Pambansa =l4* 90)*
-,
Art* 3:1* !hite slave trade. The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, in any manner, or .n+er any 2rete1t, shall en4a4e in the
b.siness or shall 2ro,it by 2rostit.tion or shall enlist the ser3ices o, any other ,or the 2.r2ose o,
2rostit.tion (As amen+e+ by =atas Pambansa =l4* 18B*)
"ha2ter !o.r
A=D>"T#%

Art* 3:0* 6orcible abduction. The ab+.ction o, any woman a4ainst her will an+ with lew+
+esi4ns shall be 2.nishe+ by recl.sion tem2oral*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ in e3ery case, i, the ,emale ab+.cte+ be .n+er
twel3e years o, a4e*
Art* 3:3* Consented abduction. The ab+.ction o, a 3ir4in o3er twel3e years an+ .n+er
ei4hteen years o, a4e, carrie+ o.t with her consent an+ with lew+ +esi4ns, shall be 2.nishe+ by
the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s*
"ha2ter !i3e
P)$#&#%& )E'AT#$E T T(E P)E"ED#%8
"(APTE)& ! T#T'E E'E$E%

Art* 3::* Prosecution of the crimes of adultery, concubina"e, seduction, abduction, rape and acts
of lasciviousness. The crimes o, a+.ltery an+ conc.bina4e shall not be 2rosec.te+ e1ce2t
.2on a com2laint ,ile+ by the o,,en+e+ s2o.se*
The o,,en+e+ 2arty cannot instit.te criminal 2rosec.tion witho.t incl.+in4 both the 4.ilty
2arties, i, they are both ali3e, nor, in any case, i, he shall ha3e consente+ or 2ar+one+ the
o,,en+ers*
The o,,enses o, se+.ction, ab+.ction, ra2e or acts o, lasci3io.sness, shall not be
2rosec.te+ e1ce2t .2on a com2laint ,ile+ by the o,,en+e+ 2arty or her 2arents, 4ran+2arents, or
4.ar+ian, nor, in any case, i, the o,,en+er has been e12ressly 2ar+one+ by the abo3e name+
2ersons, as the case may be*
#n cases o, se+.ction, ab+.ction, acts o, lasci3io.sness an+ ra2e, the marria4e o, the
o,,en+er with the o,,en+e+ 2arty shall e1tin4.ish the criminal action or remit the 2enalty alrea+y
im2ose+ .2on him* The 2ro3isions o, this 2ara4ra2h shall also be a22licable to the co/2rinci2als,
accom2lices an+ accessories a,ter the ,act o, the abo3e/mentione+ crimes*
Art* 3:<* Civil liability of persons "uilty of crimes a"ainst chastity* Person 4.ilty o, ra2e,
se+.ction or ab+.ction, shall also be sentence+7
1* To in+emni,y the o,,en+e+ woman*
-8
0* To acknowle+4e the o,,s2rin4, .nless the law sho.l+ 2re3ent him ,rom so +oin4*
3* #n e3ery case to s.22ort the o,,s2rin4*
The a+.lterer an+ the conc.bine in the case 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Articles 333 an+ 33: may
also be sentence+, in the same 2rocee+in4 or in a se2arate ci3il 2rocee+in4, to in+emni,y ,or
+ama4es ca.se+ to the o,,en+e+ s2o.se*
Art* 3:B* 3iability of ascendants, "uardians, teachers, or other persons entrusted with the custody
of the offended party* The ascen+ants, 4.ar+ians, c.rators, teachers an+ any 2erson who, by
ab.se o, a.thority or con,i+ential relationshi2s, shall coo2erate as accom2lices in the 2er2etration
o, the crimes embrace+ in cha2ters, secon+, thir+ an+ ,o.rth, o, this title, shall be 2.nishe+ as
2rinci2als*
Teachers or other 2ersons in any other ca2acity entr.ste+ with the e+.cation an+
4.i+ance o, yo.th, shall also s.,,er the 2enalty o, tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication in its
ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2er2et.al s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
Any 2erson ,allin4 within the terms o, this article, an+ any other 2erson 4.ilty o, corr.2tion
o, minors ,or the bene,it o, another, shall be 2.nishe+ by s2ecial +isA.ali,ication ,rom ,illin4 the
o,,ice o, 4.ar+ian*
Title Twel3e
")#?E& A8A#%&T T(E "#$#' &TAT>& ! PE)&%&

"ha2ter one
&#?>'AT#% ! =#)T(& A%D >&>)PAT#% ! "#$#' &TAT>&
Art* 3:C* ,imulation of births, substitution of one child for another and concealment or
abandonment of a le"itimate child. The sim.lation o, births an+ the s.bstit.tion o, one chil+ ,or
another shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision mayor an+ a ,ine o, not e1cee+in4 1,000 2esos*
The same 2enalties shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall conceal or aban+on
any le4itimate chil+ with intent to ca.se s.ch chil+ to lose its ci3il stat.s*
Any 2hysician or s.r4eon or 2.blic o,,icer who, in 3iolation o, the +.ties o, his 2ro,ession
or o,,ice, shall coo2erate in the e1ec.tion o, any o, the crimes mentione+ in the two ne1t
2rece+in4 2ara4ra2hs, shall s.,,er the 2enalties therein 2rescribe+ an+ also the 2enalty o,
tem2orary s2ecial +isA.ali,ication*
Art* 3:8* 7surpation of civil status* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2erson who shall .s.r2 the ci3il stat.s o, another, sho.l+ he +o so ,or the 2.r2ose o, +e,ra.+in4
the o,,en+e+ 2art or his heirs9 otherwise, the 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+*
--
"ha2ter Two
#''E8A' ?A))#A8E&

Art* 3:9* *i"amy. The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall
contract a secon+ or s.bseA.ent marria4e be,ore the ,ormer marria4e has been le4ally +issol3e+,
or be,ore the absent s2o.se has been +eclare+ 2res.m2ti3ely +ea+ by means o, a 6.+4ment
ren+ere+ in the 2ro2er 2rocee+in4s*
Art* 3<0* 'arria"e contracted a"ainst provisions of laws* The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in
its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who, witho.t bein4 incl.+e+
in the 2ro3isions o, the ne1t 2rocee+in4 article, shall ha3e not been com2lie+ with or that the
marria4e is in +isre4ar+ o, a le4al im2e+iment*
#, either o, the contractin4 2arties shall obtain the consent o, the other by means o,
3iolence, intimi+ation or ,ra.+, he shall be 2.nishe+ by the ma1im.m 2erio+ o, the 2enalty
2ro3i+e+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 2ara4ra2h*
Art* 3<1* Premature marria"es. Any wi+ow who shall marry within three h.n+re+ an+ one +ay
,rom the +ate o, the +eath o, her h.sban+, or be,ore ha3in4 +eli3ere+ i, she shall ha3e been
2re4nant at the time o, his +eath, shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor an+ a ,ine not e1cee+in4
<00 2esos*
The same 2enalties shall be im2ose+ .2on any woman whose marria4e shall ha3e been
ann.lle+ or +issol3e+, i, she shall marry be,ore her +eli3ery or be,ore the e12iration o, the 2erio+
o, three h.n+re+ an+ one +ay a,ter the le4al se2aration*
Art* 3<0* Performance of ille"al marria"e ceremony. Priests or ministers o, any reli4io.s
+enomination or sect, or ci3il a.thorities who shall 2er,orm or a.thori5e any ille4al marria4e
ceremony shall be 2.nishe+ in accor+ance with the 2ro3isions o, the ?arria4e 'aw*
Title Thirteen
")#?E& A8A#%&T (%)

"ha2ter ne
'#=E'

&ection ne* De,initions, ,orms, an+ 2.nishment o, this crime*

Art* 3<3* Definition of libel. A libel is 2.blic an+ malicio.s im2.tation o, a crime, or o, a 3ice or
+e,ect, real or ima4inary, or any act, omission, con+ition, stat.s, or circ.mstance ten+in4 to ca.se
the +ishonor, +iscre+it, or contem2t o, a nat.ral or 6.ri+ical 2erson, or to blacken the memory o,
one who is +ea+*
1))
Art* 3<:* Re)uirement for publicity* E3ery +e,amatory im2.tation is 2res.me+ to be malicio.s,
e3en i, it be tr.e, i, no 4oo+ intention an+ 6.sti,iable moti3e ,or makin4 it is shown, e1ce2t in the
,ollowin4 cases7
1* A 2ri3ate comm.nication ma+e by any 2erson to another in the 2er,ormance o, any
le4al, moral or social +.ty9 an+
0* A ,air an+ tr.e re2ort, ma+e in 4oo+ ,aith, witho.t any comments or remarks, o, any
6.+icial, le4islati3e or other o,,icial 2rocee+in4s which are not o, con,i+ential nat.re, or
o, any statement, re2ort or s2eech +eli3ere+ in sai+ 2rocee+in4s, or o, any other act
2er,orme+ by 2.blic o,,icers in the e1ercise o, their ,.nctions*
Art* 3<<* 3ibel means by writin"s or similar means. A libel committe+ by means o, writin4,
2rintin4, litho4ra2hy, en4ra3in4, ra+io, 2hono4ra2h, 2aintin4, theatrical e1hibition,
cinemato4ra2hic e1hibition, or any similar means, shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision correccional in its
minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to B,000 2esos, or both, in a++ition to
the ci3il action which may be bro.4ht by the o,,en+e+ 2arty*
Art* 3<B* Threatenin" to publish and offer to present such publication for a compensation. The
2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine ,rom 000 to 0,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any
2erson who threatens another to 2.blish a libel concernin4 him or the 2arents, s2o.se, chil+, or
other members o, the ,amily o, the latter or .2on anyone who shall o,,er to 2re3ent the 2.blication
o, s.ch libel ,or a com2ensation or money consi+eration*
Art* 3<C* Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official proceedin"s. The
2enalty o, arresto mayor or a ,ine o, ,rom 00 to 0,000 2esos, or both, shall be im2ose+ .2on any
re2orter, e+itor or mana4er or a news2a2er, +aily or ma4a5ine, who shall 2.blish ,acts connecte+
with the 2ri3ate li,e o, another an+ o,,ensi3e to the honor, 3irt.e an+ re2.tation o, sai+ 2erson,
e3en tho.4h sai+ 2.blication be ma+e in connection with or .n+er the 2rete1t that it is necessary
in the narration o, any 6.+icial or a+ministrati3e 2rocee+in4s wherein s.ch ,acts ha3e been
mentione+*
Art* 3<8* ,lander. ral +e,amation shall be 2.nishe+ by arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+
to 2rision correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ i, it is o, a serio.s an+ ins.ltin4 nat.re9 otherwise the
2enalty shall be arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos*
Art* 3<9* ,lander by deed. The 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision
correccional in its minim.m 2erio+ or a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom 000 to 1,000 2esos shall be im2ose+
.2on any 2erson who shall 2er,orm any act not incl.+e+ an+ 2.nishe+ in this title, which shall
cast +ishonor, +iscre+it or contem2t .2on another 2erson* #, sai+ act is not o, a serio.s nat.re,
the 2enalty shall be arresto menor or a ,ine not e1cee+in4 000 2esos*
&ection Two* 8eneral 2ro3isions
1)1

Art* 3B0* Persons responsible* Any 2erson who shall 2.blish, e1hibit, or ca.se the 2.blication
or e1hibition o, any +e,amation in writin4 or by similar means, shall be res2onsible ,or the same*
The a.thor or e+itor o, a book or 2am2hlet, or the e+itor or b.siness mana4er o, a +aily
news2a2er, ma4a5ine or serial 2.blication, shall be res2onsible ,or the +e,amations containe+
therein to the same e1tent as i, he were the a.thor thereo,*
The criminal an+ ci3il action ,or +ama4es in cases o, written +e,amations as 2ro3i+e+ ,or
in this cha2ter, shall be ,ile+ sim.ltaneo.sly or se2arately with the co.rt o, ,irst instance o, the
2ro3ince or city where the libelo.s article is 2rinte+ an+ ,irst 2.blishe+ or where any o, the
o,,en+e+ 2arties act.ally resi+es at the time o, the commission o, the o,,ense7 Provided, however,
That where one o, the o,,en+e+ 2arties is a 2.blic o,,icer whose o,,ice is in the "ity o, ?anila at
the time o, the commission o, the o,,ense, the action shall be ,ile+ in the "o.rt o, !irst #nstance o,
the "ity o, ?anila, or o, the city or 2ro3ince where the libelo.s article is 2rinte+ an+ ,irst
2.blishe+, an+ in case s.ch 2.blic o,,icer +oes not hol+ o,,ice in the "ity o, ?anila, the action
shall be ,ile+ in the "o.rt o, !irst #nstance o, the 2ro3ince or city where he hel+ o,,ice at the time
o, the commission o, the o,,ense or where the libelo.s article is 2rinte+ an+ ,irst 2.blishe+ an+ in
case one o, the o,,en+e+ 2arties is a 2ri3ate in+i3i+.al, the action shall be ,ile+ in the "o.rt o,
!irst #nstance o, the 2ro3ince or city where he act.ally resi+es at the time o, the commission o,
the o,,ense or where the libelo.s matter is 2rinte+ an+ ,irst 2.blishe+7 Provided, further, That the
ci3il action shall be ,ile+ in the same co.rt where the criminal action is ,ile+ an+ 3ice 3ersa7
Provided, furthermore, That the co.rt where the criminal action or ci3il action ,or +ama4es is ,irst
,ile+, shall acA.ire 6.ris+iction to the e1cl.sion o, other co.rts7 An+, 2ro3i+e+, ,inally, That this
amen+ment shall not a22ly to cases o, written +e,amations, the ci3il an+Jor criminal actions which
ha3e been ,ile+ in co.rt at the time o, the e,,ecti3ity o, this law*
Preliminary in3esti4ation o, criminal action ,or written +e,amations as 2ro3i+e+ ,or in the
cha2ter shall be con+.cte+ by the 2ro3incial or city ,iscal o, the 2ro3ince or city, or by the
m.nici2al co.rt o, the city or ca2ital o, the 2ro3ince where s.ch action may be instit.te+ in
accor+ance with the 2ro3isions o, this article*
%o criminal action ,or +e,amation which consists in the im2.tation o, a crime which
cannot be 2rosec.te+ +e o,,icio shall be bro.4ht e1ce2t at the instance o, an+ .2on com2laint
e12ressly ,ile+ by the o,,en+e+ 2arty* (As amen+e+ by )*A* 1089, a22ro3e+ -.ne 1<, 19<<, )*A*
:3B3, a22ro3e+ -.ne 19, 19B<)*
Art* 3B1* Proof of the truth. #n e3ery criminal 2rosec.tion ,or libel, the tr.th may be 4i3en in
e3i+ence to the co.rt an+ i, it a22ears that the matter char4e+ as libelo.s is tr.e, an+, moreo3er,
that it was 2.blishe+ with 4oo+ moti3es an+ ,or 6.sti,iable en+s, the +e,en+ants shall be acA.itte+*
Proo, o, the tr.th o, an im2.tation o, an act or omission not constit.tin4 a crime shall not
be a+mitte+, .nless the im2.tation shall ha3e been ma+e a4ainst 8o3ernment em2loyees with
res2ect to ,acts relate+ to the +ischar4e o, their o,,icial +.ties*
1)2
#n s.ch cases i, the +e,en+ant 2ro3es the tr.th o, the im2.tation ma+e by him, he shall be
acA.itte+*
Art* 3B0* 3ibelous remarks. 'ibelo.s remarks or comments connecte+ with the matter
2ri3ile4e+ .n+er the 2ro3isions o, Article 3<:, i, ma+e with malice, shall not e1em2t the a.thor
thereo, nor the e+itor or mana4in4 e+itor o, a news2a2er ,rom criminal liability*
"ha2ter Two
#%")#?#%AT)@ ?A"(#%AT#%&

Art* 3B3* -ncriminatin" innocent person. Any 2erson who, by any act not constit.tin4 2er6.ry,
shall +irectly incriminate or im2.te to an innocent 2erson the commission o, a crime, shall be
2.nishe+ by arresto menor*
Art* 3B:* -ntri"uin" a"ainst honor. The 2enalty o, arresto menor or ,ine not e1cee+in4 000
2esos shall be im2ose+ ,or any intri4.e which has ,or its 2rinci2al 2.r2ose to blemish the honor or
re2.tation o, a 2erson*
Title !o.rteen
K>A&#/!!E%&E&

&ole "ha2ter
")#?#%A' %E8'#8E%"E

Art* 3B<* -mprudence and ne"li"ence. Any 2erson who, by reckless im2r.+ence, shall commit
any act which, ha+ it been intentional, wo.l+ constit.te a 4ra3e ,elony, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o,
arresto mayor in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to 2rision correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+9 i, it wo.l+ ha3e
constit.te+ a less 4ra3e ,elony, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its minim.m an+ me+i.m 2erio+s
shall be im2ose+9 i, it wo.l+ ha3e constit.te+ a li4ht ,elony, the 2enalty o, arresto menor in its
ma1im.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+*
Any 2erson who, by sim2le im2r.+ence or ne4li4ence, shall commit an act which wo.l+
otherwise constit.te a 4ra3e ,elony, shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, arresto mayor in its me+i.m an+
ma1im.m 2erio+s9 i, it wo.l+ ha3e constit.te+ a less serio.s ,elony, the 2enalty o, arresto mayor
in its minim.m 2erio+ shall be im2ose+*
;hen the e1ec.tion o, the act co3ere+ by this article shall ha3e only res.lte+ in +ama4e
to the 2ro2erty o, another, the o,,en+er shall be 2.nishe+ by a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom an amo.nt eA.al
to the 3al.e o, sai+ +ama4es to three times s.ch 3al.e, b.t which shall in no case be less than
twenty/,i3e 2esos*
A ,ine not e1cee+in4 two h.n+re+ 2esos an+ cens.re shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson
who, by sim2le im2r.+ence or ne4li4ence, shall ca.se some wron4 which, i, +one malicio.sly,
wo.l+ ha3e constit.te+ a li4ht ,elony*
1)3
#n the im2osition o, these 2enalties, the co.rt shall e1ercise their so.n+ +iscretion,
witho.t re4ar+ to the r.les 2rescribe+ in Article si1ty/,o.r*
The 2ro3isions containe+ in this article shall not be a22licable7
1* ;hen the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or the o,,ense is eA.al to or lower than those 2ro3i+e+ in
the ,irst two 2ara4ra2hs o, this article, in which case the co.rt shall im2ose the
2enalty ne1t lower in +e4ree than that which sho.l+ be im2ose+ in the 2erio+ which
they may +eem 2ro2er to a22ly*
0* ;hen, by im2r.+ence or ne4li4ence an+ with 3iolation o, the A.tomobile 'aw, to
+eath o, a 2erson shall be ca.se+, in which case the +e,en+ant shall be 2.nishe+ by
2rision correccional in its me+i.m an+ ma1im.m 2erio+s*
)eckless im2r.+ence consists in 3ol.ntary, b.t witho.t malice, +oin4 or ,allin4 to +o an
act ,rom which material +ama4e res.lts by reason o, ine1c.sable lack o, 2reca.tion on the 2art o,
the 2erson 2er,ormin4 o, ,ailin4 to 2er,orm s.ch act, takin4 into consi+eration his em2loyment or
occ.2ation, +e4ree o, intelli4ence, 2hysical con+ition an+ other circ.mstances re4ar+in4 2ersons,
time an+ 2lace*
&im2le im2r.+ence consists in the lack o, 2reca.tion +is2laye+ in those cases in which
the +ama4e im2en+in4 to be ca.se+ is not imme+iate nor the +an4er clearly mani,est*
The 2enalty ne1t hi4her in +e4ree to those 2ro3i+e+ ,or in this article shall be im2ose+
.2on the o,,en+er who ,ails to len+ on the s2ot to the in6.re+ 2arties s.ch hel2 as may be in this
han+ to 4i3e* (As amen+e+ by )*A* 1C90, a22ro3e+ -.ne 01, 19<C)*
!#%A' P)$#&#%&

Art* 3BB* Application of laws enacted prior to this Code. ;itho.t 2re6.+ice to the 2ro3isions
containe+ in Article 00 o, this "o+e, ,elonies an+ mis+emeanors, committe+ 2rior to the +ate o,
e,,ecti3eness o, this "o+e shall be 2.nishe+ in accor+ance with the "o+e or Acts in ,orce at the
time o, their commission*
Art* 3BC* Repealin" Clause. E1ce2t as is 2ro3i+e+ in the ne1t 2rece+in4 article, the 2resent
Penal "o+e, the Pro3isional 'aw ,or the a22lication o, its 2ro3isions, an+ Acts %os* 0CC, 080 ,:80,
<18, <19, 899, 1101, 1:38, 1<03, 1<<9, 1B90, 1C<:, 19<<, 1CC3, 0000, 003B, 00C1, 01:0, 0010,
0093, 0098, 0300, 03B:, 0<:9, 0<<C, 0<9<, 0B09, 0C18, 3103, 319<, 30::, 3098, 3309, 3313,
339C, 3<<9, an+ 3<8B, are hereby re2eale+*
1)*
The 2ro3isions o, the Acts which are mentione+ here.n+er are also re2eale+, namely7
Act BBB, &ections B an+ 18*
Act 1<08, &ections 9, 10, 11, an+ 10*
Act 1<0:, &ections 1, 0, an+ B*
Act 1B9C, &ections 3 an+ :*
Act 1C<C, &ections 1, 0, 3, :, <, B, C, (,irst cla.se), 11, an+ 10*
Act 0381, &ections 0, 3, :, B, 8, an+ 9*
Act 0C11, &ections 100, 0BC0, 0BC1, an+ 0BC0*
Act 30:C, &ections 1, 0, 3, an+ <9 an+ 8** %o* <8, series o, 1900, &ec* 10B*
An+ all laws an+ 2arts o, laws which are contrary to the 2ro3isions o, this "o+e are
hereby re2eale+*

A22ro3e+7 December 8, 1930
Title o, acts re2eale+ by the )e3ise+ Penal "o+e are7
1* Act %o* 0CC* 'aw on 'ibel an+ threats to 2.blish libel, etc*, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts*
3<3, 3B0*
0* Act %o* 090, amen+e+ by Act %o* 1B90* 'aw +e,inin4 an+ 2enali5in4 the crimes o,
treason, ins.rrection, se+ition, etc*, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts* 11:/11B an+ Arts 13:/
1:0*
3* Act %o* :80* 'aw 4o3ernin4 cock,i4htin4 an+ cock2its, now 4o3erne+ by Art* 199 an+
s2ecial laws*
:* Act %o* <18, amen+e+ by Act %os* 1101 an+ 003B* 'aw +e,inin4 an+ 2enali5in4
hi4hway robbery or bri4an+a4e, now co3ere+ by Arts* 30B/30C*
<* Act %o* <19* 'aw on 3a4rancy now 2enali5e+ by Art* 000*
B* Act %o* BBB, &ecs* an+ B an+ 18* 'aw on tra+e/marks an+ tra+e/names now
2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts* 188/189*
C* Act %o* 899, 'aw re4ar+in4 s.s2ension on sentence, etc*, .2on >*&* citi5ens*
8* Act %o* 1:38, amen+e+ by Act %os* 3003, 3309, an+ 3<<9, 2ro3isions 4o3ernin4
6.3enile o,,en+ers an+ +elinA.ent chil+ren, their care an+ c.sto+y, now 4o3erne+ by
Art* 80*
9* Act %o* 1<08, &ecs* 9, 10, 11, an+ 10* The "hattel ?ort4a4e 'aw, now 2enali5e+ in
Art* 319*
1)5
10* Act %o* 1<03* 'aw 2rohibitin4 im2ortation, sale etc*, o, lottery tickets an+ lottery, now
2enali5e+ in Arts* 19</19B*
11* Act %o* 1<0:* &ec* :* 'aw 4o3ernin4 +iscretion o, 8o3ernor/8eneral in 4rantin4
con+itional 2ar+ons, now co3ere+ by Art* 1<9*
10* Act %o* 1<<33, &ecs* 1, 0, an+ B amen+e+ by Act %o* 1<<9* 'aw 2ro3i+in4 ,or
+imin.tion o, sentences by reason o, 4oo+ con+.ct an+ +ili4ence, now 4o3erne+ by
Art* 9C*
13* Act %o* 1B9C, &ecs* 3 an+ :* Act ,or the 2.nishment o, 2er6.ry in o,,icial
in3esti4ations, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts* 180/183*
1:* Act %o* 1C<:* 'aw on co.nter,eitin4 an+ ,or4ery, now +e,ine+ an+ 2enali5e+ in Arts*
1B0/1B9*
1<* Act %o* 1CC<* Act 2enali5in4 crimes a4ainst le4islati3e bo+ies, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in
Arts* 1:3/1:<*
1B* Act %o* 1C<C* &ecs* 1, 0, 3, :, <, B, C, (,irst cla.se), 11 an+ 10 amen+e+ by Act %o*
30:0* Act 2rohibitin4 4amblin4, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts* 19</199*
1C* Act %o* 11C3* 'aw on the crime o, a+.lterio, est.2ro, ra2to, 3iolacion, cal.mnia,
in6.ria, etc*, now 4o3erne+ by Arts* 333/3:B*
18* Act %os* 00C1 an+ 0300* Act 4o3ernin4 sla3ery, in3ol.ntary ser3it.+e, 2eona4e, an+
the sale or 2.rchase o, h.man bein4s, now 2enali5e+ in Arts* 0C0/0C:*
19* Act %o* 0010* Act 2ro3i+in4 ,or the con,iscation an+ +is2osition o, money, articles,
instr.ments, a22liances an+ +e3ices in 4amblin4, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Art* :<*
00* Act %o* 093* Act 2enali5in4 will,.l +estr.ction, in6.ry, or takin4 or carryin4 away any
2ro2erty o, the Phili22ine 'ibrary, now 2ro3i+e+ ,or in Art* 311*
01* Act %o* 03B:* Act 2enali5in4 in,i+elity in the c.sto+y o, 2risoners +etaine+ ,or or a
con3icte+ o, a crime, now 4o3erne+ by Arts* 003/00<*
00* Act %o* 0381* &ecs* 0, 3, :, <, B, 8, an+ 9* Act restrictin4 the .se o, o2i.m, etc*, now
2ro3i+e+ ,or in Arts* 190/19:*
03* Act %o* 0<:9* Act 2rohibitin4 the ,orcin4, com2ellin4, or obli4in4 o, any laborer or
other em2loyee to 2.rchase merchan+ise, commo+ities, or 2ersonal 2ro2erty .n+er
certain con+itions, an+ the 2ayment o, wa4es o, a laborer or em2loyee by means o,
tokens or ob6ects other than le4al ten+er c.rrency, now 2enali5e+ by Art* 088, an+
1)+
also 4o3erne+ by "om* Act %o* 303 an+ the ?inim.m ;a4e 'aw, )e2* Act %o* B00,
as amen+e+ by )e2* Act* %o* 810*
0:* Act %o* 0<<C* Act 2ro3i+in4 ,or the allowance to 2ersons con3icte+ o, 2re3enti3e
im2risonment, etc*, now embo+ie+ in Art* 09*
0<* Act %o* 0<9<* 'aw ,i1in4 2rescri2tion o, the crime o, libel an+ o, a ci3il action arisin4
there,rom, now 2ro3i+e+ in Art* 90*
0B* Act %o* 0C11, &ecs* 100, 0BC0, 0BC1, an+ 0BC0* Act amen+in4 the )e3ise+
A+ministrati3e "o+e*
0C* Act %o* 310: amen+in4 Acts 0C0B* 'aw 4o3ernin4 manner in which the +eath 2enalty
shall be e1ec.te+, now embo+ie+ in Arts* 18/8<*
08* Act %o* 3<8B an+ 339C* 'aw 4o3ernin4 habit.al +elinA.ency, now 2ro3i+e+ in Art* B0,
2ar* <*
09* 8eneral r+ers %o* <8, series o, 1900, &ec* 10B* "o+e o, "riminal Proce+.re*
30* ther laws re2eale+ by the )e3ise+ Penal "o+e are Acts %os* 0030, 01:0, 0098,
0C10, 319<, 30::, 3098, an+ 3313, which are merely amen+atory laws on the ol+
Penal "o+e*
P)E&#DE%T#A' DE")EE %* 1B00
&#?P'#!@#%8 A%D P)$#D#%8 &T#!!E) PE%A'T#E& !)
$#'AT#%& ! P(#'#PP#%E 8A?='#%8 'A;&
;(E)EA&, Phili22ine 8amblin4 'aws 2artic.larly Articles 19</199, the )e3ise+ Penal
"o+e, )e2.blic Act %o* 30B3 ((orse )acin4 =ookies), Presi+ential Decree %o* :99
("ock,i4htin4), Presi+ential Decree %o* :83, (8ame !i1in4), Presi+ential Decree %o*, <19 (&lot
?achines) an+ Presi+ential Decree %o* 103B (-ai/alai =ookies) an+ other "ity an+ ?.nici2al
r+inances 4amblin4 all o3er the co.ntry ha3e become ine,,ecti3e an+ easily circ.m3ente+ in
3iew o, the con,.sin4 an+ ina22ro2riate system o, 2enalties im2ose+ on 3iolations thereo,*
;(E)EA&, there is an .r4ent nee+ to .2+ate these 4amblin4 laws ,or sim2licity an+
clearer .n+erstan+in4 an+ to stan+ar+i5e an+ 2ro3i+e sti,,er 2enalties ,or their 3iolations to make
them more e,,ecti3e an+ res2onsi3e to the 2resent norms o, con+.ct an+ beha3ior o, the 2eo2le*
%;, T(E)E!)E, #, !E)D#%A%D E* ?A)"&, Presi+ent o, the Phili22ines, by 3irt.e
o, the 2owers 3este+ in me by the "onstit.tion an+ in or+er to e,,ect the +esire+ an+ necessary
chan4es an+ re,orms in the social an+ economic str.ct.re o, o.r society, +o hereby or+er an+
+eclare to be 2art o, the laws o, the lan+, the ,ollowin47
1),
&ec* 1* $iolations an+ Penalties* The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its me+i.m +e4ree or a ,ine
ran4in4 ,rom !i3e (.n+re+ Pesos to Two Tho.san+ Pesos an+ in case o, reci+i3ism the 2enalty
o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m +e4ree or a ,ine o, ran4in4 ,rom ne Tho.san+ Pesos to &i1
Tho.san+ Pesos shall be im2ose+ .2on7
(a) Any 2erson other than those re,erre+ to in the s.ccee+in4 s.bsection who in any
manner, shall +irectly or in+irectly take 2art in any 4ame o, cock,i4htin4, 6.eten4, bookies (6ai/ alai
or horse racin4 to incl.+e 4ame ,i1in4) an+ other lotteries, cara y cr.5 or 2om2ian4 an+ the like,
black 6ack, l.cky nine, G2.soyG or ).ssian Poker, monte, baccarat an+ other car+ 4ames, 2alk
A.e, +omino, mah6on4, hi4h an+ low, slot machines, ro.llette, 2inball an+ other mechanical
in3entories or +e3ices, +o4 racin4, boat racin4, car raisin4 an+ other races, basketball, 3olleyball,
bo1in4, se3en/ele3en +ice 4ames an+ the like an+ other contests to incl.+e 4ame ,i1in4, 2oint
sha3in4 an+ other machinations bankin4 or 2ercenta4e 4ame, or any other 4ame or scheme,
whether .2on chance or skill, which +o not ha3e a ,ranchise ,rom the national 4o3ernment,
wherein wa4ers consistin4 o, money, articles o, 3al.e o, re2resentati3e o, 3al.e are ma+e9
(b) Any 2erson who shall knowin4ly 2ermit any ,orm o, 4amblin4 re,erre+ to in the
2rece+in4 s.b+i3ision to be carrie+ on in inhabite+ or .ninhabite+ 2laces or any b.il+in4, 3essel
or other means o, trans2ortation owne+ or controlle+ by him* #, the 2lace where 4amblin4 is
carrie+ on has a re2.tation o, a 4amblin4 2lace or that 2rohibite+ 4amblin4 is ,reA.ently carrie+
on therein or the 2lace is a 2.blic or 4o3ernment b.il+in4 or baran4ay hall, the c.l2rit shall be
2.nishe+ by the 2enalty 2ro3i+e+ ,or in its ma1im.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine o, &i1 Tho.san+ Pesos*
The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its ma1im.m +e4ree an+ a ,ine o, &i1 Tho.san+
Pesos shall be im2ose+ .2on the maintainer, con+.ctor o, the abo3e 4amblin4 schemes*
The 2enalty o, 2rision mayor in its me+i.m +e4ree an+ tem2orary absol.te
+isA.ali,ication an+ a ,ine o, &i1 Tho.san+ Pesos shall be im2ose+ i, the maintainer, con+.ctor or
banker is a 4o3ernment o,,icial, or i, a 2layer, 2romoter, re,eree, .m2ire, 6.+4e or coach in cases
o, 4ame/,i1in4, 2oint/sha3in4 an+ other 4ame machination*
The 2enalty o, 2rision correccional in its me+i.m +e4ree an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom !i3e
(.n+re+ 2esos to Two Tho.san+ Pesos shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall knowin4ly
an+ witho.t law,.l 2.r2ose in any ho.r o, any +ay shall ha3e in his 2ossession any lottery list,
2a2er, or other matter containin4 letter, ,i4.res, si4ns or symbols which 2ertain to or in any
manner .se+ in the 4ame o, 6.eten4, 6ai/alai or horse racin4 bookies an+ similar 4ame or lottery
which has taken 2lace or abo.t to take 2lace*
&ec* 0* =aran4ay ,,icial* Any baran4ay o,,icial in whose 6.ris+iction s.ch 4amblin4 ho.se is
,o.n+ an+ which ho.se has the re2.tation o, a 4amblin4 2lace shall s.,,er the 2enalty o, 2rision
correccional in its me+i.m 2erio+ an+ a ,ine ran4in4 ,rom !i3e (.n+re+ to Two Tho.san+ Pesos
an+ tem2orary absol.te +isA.ali,ications*
1)8
&ec* 3* #n,ormerEs )ewar+* Any 2erson who shall 4i3e the in,ormation that will lea+ to the arrest
an+ ,inal con3iction o, the o,,en+er shall be rewar+e+ an amo.nt eA.i3alent to Twenty Per
"ent.m (00L) o, the cash money con,iscate+ ,orm the o,,en+er*
&ec* :* )e2ealin4 "la.se* The 2ro3isions o, Articles 19B, 19C, 198 an+ 199 o, the )e3ise+
Penal "o+e, as amen+e+, )e2.blic Act %o* 30B3, Presi+ential Decree %os* :83, :99, <10, 130B,
'etter o, #nstr.ctions, laws, e1ec.ti3e or+ers, r.les an+ re4.lations, "ity an+ ?.nici2al
r+inances which are inconsistent with this Decree are hereby re2eale+ or accor+in4ly mo+i,ie+*
&ec* <* E,,ecti3ity* This Decree shall take e,,ect imme+iately .2on 2.blication thereo, by the
?inister o, the ?inistry o, P.blic #n,ormation at least once in a news2a2er o, 4eneral circ.lation*
D%E in the "ity o, ?anila, this 11th +ay o, -.ne in the year o, .r 'or+, nineteen
h.n+re+ an+ se3enty/ei4ht*
P)E&#DE%T#A' DE")EE %* 1B13
A?E%D#%8 T(E 'A; % A)&%
;(E)EA&, ,in+in4s o, the 2olice an+ intelli4ence a4encies o, the 4o3ernment re3eal that
,ires an+ other crimes in3ol3in4 +estr.ction in ?etro ?anila an+ other .rban centers in the
co.ntry are bein4 2er2et.ate+ by criminal syn+icates, some o, which ha3e ,orei4n connections9
;(E)EA&, the c.rrent law on arson s.,,er ,rom certain ina+eA.acies that im2e+e the
s.ccess,.l en,orcement an+ 2rosec.tion o, arsonists9
;(E)EA&, it is im2erati3e that the hi4h inci+ence o, ,ires an+ other crimes in3ol3in4
+estr.ction be 2re3ente+ to 2rotect the national economy an+ 2reser3e the social economic an+
2olitical stability o, the co.ntry9
%;, T(E)E!)E, #, !E)D#%A%D E* ?A)"&, Presi+ent o, the Phili22ines, by 3irt.e
o, the 2owers 3este+ in me by the "onstit.tion +o hereby or+er an+ +ecree as 2art o, the law o,
the lan+, the ,ollowin47
&ec* 1* Arson* Any 2erson who b.rns or sets ,ire to the 2ro2erty o, another shall be 2.nishe+
by Prision mayor*
The same 2enalty shall be im2ose+ when a 2erson sets ,ire to his own 2ro2erty .n+er
circ.mstances which e12ose to +an4er the li,e or 2ro2erty o, another*
&ec* 0* Destr.cti3e Arson* The 2enalty o, )ecl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to
)ecl.sion 2er2et.a shall be im2ose+ i, the 2ro2erty b.rne+ is any o, the ,ollowin47
1)-
1* Any amm.nition ,actory an+ other establishment where e12losi3es, in,lammable or
comb.stible materials are store+*
0* Any archi3e, m.se.m, whether 2.blic or 2ri3ate or any e+i,ice +e3ote+ to c.lt.re,
e+.cation or social ser3ices*
3* Any ch.rch or 2lace or worshi2 or other b.il+in4 where 2eo2le .s.ally assemble*
:* Any train, air2lane or any aircra,t, 3essel or watercra,t, or con3eyance ,or trans2ortation o,
2ersons or 2ro2erty*
<* Any b.il+in4 where e3i+ence is ke2t ,or .se in any le4islati3e, 6.+icial, a+ministrati3e or
other o,,icial 2rocee+in4s*
B* Any hos2ital, hotel, +ormitory, lo+4in4 ho.se, ho.sin4 tenement, sho22in4 center, 2.blic
or 2ri3ate market, theater or mo3ie ho.se or any similar 2lace or b.il+in4*
C* Any b.il+in4, whether .se+ as +wellin4 or not, sit.ate+ in a 2o2.late+ or con4este+ area*
&ec* 3* ther "ases o, Arson* The 2enalty o, )ecl.sion tem2oral to )ecl.sion 2er2et.a shall
be im2ose+ i, the 2ro2erty b.rne+ is any o, the ,ollowin47
1* Any b.il+in4 .se+ as o,,ices o, the 4o3ernment or any o, its a4encies9
0* Any .ninhabite+ ho.se or +wellin49
3* Any in+.strial establishment, shi2yar+, oil well or mine sha,t, 2lat,orm or t.nnel9
:* Any 2lantation, ,arm, 2ast.relan+, 4rowin4 cro2, 4rain ,ile+, orchar+, bamboo 4ro3e or
,orest9
<* Any rice mill, cane mill or mill central9 an+
B* Any railway or b.s station, air2ort, whar, or wareho.se*
&ec* :* &2ecial A44ra3atin4 "irc.mstances in Arson* The 2enalty in any case o, arson shall be
im2ose+ in its ma1im.m 2erio+7
1* #, committe+ with intent to 4ain9
0* #, committe+ ,or the bene,it o, another9
11)
3* #, the o,,en+er is moti3ate+ by s2ite or hatre+ towar+s the owner or occ.2ant o, the
2ro2erty b.rne+9
:* #, committe+ by a syn+icate*
The o,,ense is committe+ by a syn+icate i, it is 2lanne+ or carrie+ o.t by a 4ro.2 o, three (3)
or more 2ersons*
&ec* <* ;here Death )es.lts !rom Arson* #, by reason o, or on the occasion o, arson +eath
res.lts, the 2enalty o, )ecl.sion 2er2et.a to +eath shall be im2ose+*
&ec* B* Prima !acie E3i+ence o, Arson* Any o, the ,ollowin4 circ.mstances shall constit.te
2rima ,acie e3i+ence o, arson7
1* M#, the ,ire starte+ sim.ltaneo.sly in more than one 2art o, the b.il+in4 or establishment*
0* #, s.bstantial amo.nt o, ,lammable s.bstances or materials are store+ within the b.il+in4
not necessary in the b.siness o, the o,,en+er nor ,or ho.sehol+ .se*
3* 8asoline, kerosene, 2etrole.m or other ,lammable or comb.stible s.bstances or
materials soake+ therewith or containers, thereo,, or any mechanical, electrical, chemical,
or electronic contri3ance +esi4ne+ to start a ,ire, or ashes or traces o, any o, the
,ore4oin4 are ,o.n+ in the r.ins or 2remises o, the b.rne+ b.il+in4 or 2ro2erty*
:* #, the b.il+in4 or 2ro2erty is ins.re+ ,or s.bstantially more than its act.al 3al.e at the time
o, the iss.ance o, the 2olicy*
<* #, +.rin4 the li,etime o, the corres2on+in4 ,ire ins.rance 2olicy more than two ,ires ha3e
occ.rre+ in the same or other 2remises owne+ or .n+er the control o, the o,,en+er an+Jor
ins.re+*
B* #, shortly be,ore the ,ire a s.bstantial 2ortion o, the e,,ects ins.re+ an+ store+ in b.il+in4
or 2ro2erty ha+ been with+rawn ,rom the 2remises e1ce2t in the or+inary co.rse o,
b.siness*
C* #, a +eman+ ,or money or other 3al.able consi+eration was ma+e be,ore the ,ire in
e1chan4e ,or the +esistance o, the o,,en+er or ,or the sa,ety o, other 2erson or 2ro2erty
o, the 3ictim*
&ec* C* "ons2iracy to "ommit Arson* "ons2iracy to commit arson shall be 2.nishe+ by 2rision
mayor in its minim.m 2erio+*
&ec* 8* "on,iscation o, b6ect o, Arson* The b.il+in4 which is the ob6ect o, arson incl.+in4 the
lan+ on which it is sit.ate+ shall be con,iscate+ an+ escheate+ to the &tate, .nless the owner
111
thereo, can 2ro3e that he has no 2artici2ation in nor knowle+4e o, s.ch arson +es2ite the
e1ercise o, +.e +ili4ence on his 2art*
&ec* 9* )e2ealin4 "la.se* The 2ro3isions o, Articles 300 to 30B/= o, the )e3ise+ Penal "o+e
an+ all laws, e1ec.ti3e or+ers, r.les an+ re4.lations, or 2arts thereo,, inconsistent with the
2ro3isions o, this Decree are hereby re2eale+ or amen+e+ accor+in4ly*
&ec* 10* E,,ecti3ity* This Decree shall take e,,ect imme+iately .2on 2.blication thereo, at least
once in a news2a2er o, 4eneral circ.lation*
Done in the "ity o, ?anila this Cth +ay o, ?arch nineteen h.n+re+ an+ se3enty nine*
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

P)E&#DE%T#A' DE")EE %* 1C::
A?E%D#%8 A)T#"'E T()EE (>%D)ED A%D T;E%T@ !
T(E )E$#&ED PE%A' "DE P)$#&#%& % A)&%
;(E)EA&, there ha3e been ram2ant an+ wanton b.rnin4s o, resi+ential ho.ses, 2.blic
b.il+in4s, markets, hotels an+ other commercial establishments9
;(E)EA&, to e,,ecti3ely +isco.ra4e an+ +eter the commission o, arson, an+ to 2re3ent
+estr.ction o, 2ro2erties an+ 2rotect the li3es o, innocent 2eo2le, it is necessary that the ca2ital
2.nishment be im2ose+ .2on arsonists9
%;, T(E)E!)E, #, !E)D#%A%D E* ?A)"&, Presi+ent o, the Phili22ines by 3irt.e
o, the 2ower 3este+ in me by the "onstit.tion, +o hereby or+er an+ +ecree that Article 300,
)e3ise+ Penal "o+e be amen+e+7
&ec* 1* Article 300 o, the )e3ise+ Penal "o+e shall rea+ as ,ollows7
GArt* 300* Destr.cti3e Arson* The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to +eath
shall be im2ose+ .2on any 2erson who shall b.rn7
1* ne (1) or more b.il+in4s or e+i,ices, conseA.ent to one sin4le act o, b.rnin4 or as a
res.lt o, sim.ltaneo.s b.rnin4s, or committe+ on se3eral or +i,,erent occasions9
0* Any b.il+in4 o, 2.blic or 2ri3ate ownershi2, +e3ote+ to the 2.blic in 4eneral or where
2eo2le .s.ally 4ather or con4re4ate ,or a +e,inite 2.r2ose s.ch as b.t not limite+ to
o,,icial 4o3ernmental ,.nction or b.siness, 2ri3ate transaction, commerce, tra+e
worksho2, meetin4s an+ con,erences, or merely inci+ental to a +e,inite 2.r2ose s.ch as
b.t not limite+ to hotels, motels, transient +wellin4s, 2.blic con3eyance or sto2s or
terminals, re4ar+less o, whether the o,,en+er ha+ knowle+4e that there are 2ersons in
112
sai+ b.il+in4 or e+i,ice at the time it is set on ,ire an+ re4ar+less also o, whether the
b.il+in4 is act.ally inhabite+ or not*
3* Any train or locomoti3e, shi2 or 3essel, airshi2 or air2lane, +e3ote+ to trans2ortation or
con3eyance, or ,or 2.blic .se, entertainment or leis.re*
:* Any b.il+in4, ,actory, wareho.se installation an+ any a22.rtenances thereto, which are
+e3ote+ to the ser3ice o, 2.blic .tilities*
<* Any b.il+in4 the b.rnin4 o, which is ,or the 2.r2ose o, concealin4 or +estroyin4 e3i+ence
o, another 3iolation o, law, or ,or the 2.r2ose o, concealin4 bankr.2tcy or +e,ra.+in4
cre+itors or to collect ,rom ins.rance*
#rres2ecti3e o, the a22lication o, the abo3e en.merate+ A.ali,yin4 circ.mstances, the 2enalty
o, +eath shall likewise be im2ose+ when the arson is 2er2etrate+ or committe+ by two (0) or more
2ersons or by a 4ro.2 o, 2ersons, re4ar+less o, whether their 2.r2ose is merely to b.rn or
+estroy the b.il+in4 or the b.rnin4 merely constit.tes an o3ert act in the commission or another
3iolation o, law*
The 2enalty o, recl.sion tem2oral in its ma1im.m 2erio+ to +eath shall also be im2ose+ .2on
any 2erson who shall b.rn7
1* Any arsenal, shi2yar+, storeho.se or military 2ow+er or ,ireworks ,actory, or+inance,
storeho.se, archi3es or 4eneral m.se.m o, the 4o3ernment*
0* #n an inhabite+ 2lace, any storeho.se or ,actory o, in,lammable or e12losi3e materials*
#, as a conseA.ence o, his commission o, any o, the acts 2enali5e+ .n+er this Article, +eath
or in6.ry res.lts, or any 3al.able +oc.ments, eA.i2ment, machineries, a22arat.s, or other
3al.able 2ro2erties were b.rne+ or +estroye+, the man+atory 2enalty o, +eath shall be im2ose+*G
&ec* 0* Pro3isions o, Articles 300, 301 an+ 300 o, the )e3ise+ Penal "o+e which are or may be
inconsistent herewith are hereby re2eale+*
&ec* 3* E,,ecti3ity* This Decree shall take e,,ect imme+iately*
Done in the "ity o, ?anila, this 11th +ay o, %o3ember, in the year o, .r 'or+, nineteen
h.n+re+ an+ ei4hty*
113

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ACT NO.

3815 - The Revised Penal Code (Books 1 and 2) Page of 113

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