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QUESTION:
Design a RCC retaining wall with surface inclined at 20° and retains earth up to a height of
12’ above NSL. Base of the footing is to be placed 3’ below NSL. Soil has density of 120 lb /ft 3.
Angle of repose is30° .
Take q all =3000lb / ft 2
Usef 'c =4000 Psi∧f y =60,000 Psi.
SOLUTION:
Given that,
STEP 1
ASSUMPTION OF SIZES:
H H 15 ’ ×12 ”
Base thickness=stem thickness= = =15”=1.25’
12 10 12
2 2 1
Base width= H = ×15' =10 ’Width of toe= × 10' =3.3 ’
3 3 3
Width of heel=10' −3.3' −1.25' =5.45' Height of surcharge=5.45 × tan20 °=1.97 '
STEP 2
DESIGN OF STEM:
1 1
Pa= γ C a H 2 Pa= × 120× 0.414 ×13.75' 2=4696.3lb
2 2
P H =Pa ×cos Ѳ=4696.3 × cos 20°=4412.8 lb
f 'c
ρ=0.85
fy [ √
1 − 1−
2Mu
0.85 f 'c φb d2 ]
ρ=0.85×
4000
60000 [ √
1− 1−
2 ×388044
0.85 × 4000 ×0.9 ×12 {×12.52
¿
]
Where , φ=0.9∧b=12 & d=h- 2.5=15 -2.5 =12.5 ρ=0.0039
200 200
ρmin = = =0.0033
f y 60000
f 'c 87000
ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.75 × β 1 × 0.85 ×
(
f y 87000+f y )
4000 87000
ρmax =0.75 × 0.85× 0.85× × ( ρ =0.021
40000 87000+60000 max )
ρmax > ρ> ρmin OK
A st =ρbd A st=0.0039 ×12 ×12.5=0.585 ¿ 2 Provide ¿ 6 bars @ 9 c/c see Nilson page 736
A st =ρbh A st =0.0018 ×12 ×15=0.324 ¿2 Provide ¿ 3 bars @ 4 c/c see Nilson page 736
1 1
V u=1.6 × PaV u=1.6 × × C a × γ × ( H −d )2V u=1.6 × × 0.414 ×120 × ¿ ¿
2 2
V u=6418.725lb /ft =534.9lb /¿
v. Capacity of Section:
STEP 3
CURTAILMENT OF BARS:
M max
Bars are curtailed from top where B.M is
2
M u M max M max 1 2 H1
M u=M max =32337 lbft = =16168.5 lbft = ×1.6 × γ ×C a × H 1 cos Ѳ×
2 2 2 2 3
1 2 ° H1
16168.5= × 1.6 ×120 ×0.414 × H 1 cos 20 × H 1=10.91 '
2 3
According to ACI code, the following value should be added in the curtailed value of steel,
12
12 ×dia of ¯¿ 12 ×1 =12
0.04 × A b × f y 0.04 × 0.44 ×60000
= =16.7 =1.39
√cf '
√ 4000
M m ax
ρ for ,
2
0.0039
ρ= ρ=0.00195>min . value of temp .∧shrinkage steel i. e .0 .0018
2
A'st = Areaof curtailed steel A'st =ρbh=0.00195× 12×15=0.351 ¿2
Areaof steel , A s =ρbd=0.585 ¿2
1 2
A A 0.2925 ¿2 0.39 ¿2
2 s3 s
STABILITY CHECKS:
Resisting moment
>2
Overturning moment
Here use
1 2
H=13.75' +1.97' =15.72' Pa= γ C a H
2
1
Pa= × 120× 0.414 ×15.72' 2=6138.42 lb
2
P H =Pa ×cos 20° =6138.42 ×cos 20° =5768.23 lb
H 15.72' '
Centroidal distance , ȳ= = =5.24
3 3
O .T . M =P H × ȳ O .T . M =5768.23 ×5.24 '
O .T . M =30225.53 lbft
Sr.
Weight ( Area × Density )lb x̄“ ft ” Resiting Momentlbft
#
5.45
01 13.75 ' ×5.45 ' ×1 ×120=8992.5 +1.25+3.3=7.28 ' 65465.4
2
10
02 10 ' ×1.25 ' ×1 ×150=1875 =5 ' 9375
2
3.3
03 1.75 ' ×3.3 ' ×1 ×120=693 =1.65' 1143.45
2
1.25
04 13.75 ' ×1.25 ' ×1 ×150=2578.125 +3.3=3.925 ' 10119.15
2
1 2× 5.45
05 ×1.97 ×5.45 ×120=644.19 3.3+1.25+ =8.18 ' 5269.47
2 3
∑ W =14782.815 lb ∑ M =91372.47
Resisting force
≥ 1.5Sliding force=P H =5768.23 lb
Sliding force
Resisting force=μ ( ∑W + PV )=0.3 × ( 14782.815+2099.5 )
Resisting force=5064.7 lb
Here μ is the coefficient of friction between soil and earth and its value lies between 0.3-
0.45.
Design of Key:
1 1
Additional Resiting force , , P p= × γ × H 21 × 3587.65= 1 × 120× H 21 × 1 H 1=4.98' ≈5 '
2 Ca 2 0.414
Depth of Key=5' −1.25' =3.75'
Stablizing moment−O .T . M
a=
RV
RV =∑ W + PV =14782.815+2099.5=16882.315 lb
112367.1−30225.53 B 10 '
a= a=4.87 ' Eccentricity , e= −ae= −4.87 e=0.13 '
16882.315 2 2
B 10
e≯ = =1.67' 0.13' ≯1.67' OK
6 6
STEP 5
263.36 x1
= x =143.53 lb /ft 2
10 5.45 1
263.36 x2
= x 2=32.92 lb/ ft 2
10 1.25
263.36 x3
= x 3=86.91 lb/ft 2
10 3.3
i. Design Of Toe:
Taking moment about
junction of toe and stem.
f 'c
ρ=0.85
fy [ √
1 − 1−
2Mu
'
0.85 f c φb d ]
2
ρ=0.85×
4000
60000
1− 1−
[ √ 2 ×17 2764.32
0.85 × 4000 ×0.9 ×12 ×12.52 ]
200 200
Where , φ=0.9∧b=12 & d=h- 2.5=15 -2.5 =12.5 ρ=0.0017 ρmin = = =0.0033
f y 60000
f 'c 87000
ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.75 × β 1 × 0.85 ×
(
f y 87000+f y )
4000 87000
ρmax =0.75 × 0.85× 0.85× × ( ρ =0.021
40000 87000+60000 max )
ρmax > ρ> ρmin NOT OK
f 'c
ρ=0.85
fy [ √
1 − 1−
2Mu
'
0.85 f c φb d]2
ρ=0.85×
4000
60000 [ √
1− 1−
2 ×538672.66
0.85 × 4000 ×0.9 ×12 ×12.52 ]
200 200
Where , φ=0.9∧b=12 & d=h- 2.5=15 -2.5 =12.5 ρ=0.005 ρmin = = =0.0033
f y 60000
f 'c 87000
ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.75 × β 1 × 0.85 ×
(
f y 87000+f y )
4000 87000
ρmax =0.75 × 0.85× 0.85× × ( ρ =0.021
40000 87000+60000 max )
ρmax > ρ> ρmin OK
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS