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SOIL
IMPROVEMENT
2.1 General
Soil improvement in its broadest sense is the alteration of any property of a soil to
improve its engineering performance. This may be either a temporary process to permit
the construction of a facility or may be a permanent measure to improve the
performance of the completed facility. The result of an application of a technique may
be increased strength, reduced compressibility, reduced permeability, or improved
ground water condition.
An earth road is one whose foundation and wearing surface is composed of solely of
the natural soil present originally on the site. Soils can be classified into two categories
– cohesion less and cohesive soils. It has been observed that regions that are
predominantly clayey do not usually have sandy materials. Clays must be considered as
very important and often determining soil component since it has two objectionable
qualities that make it the most troublesome of the materials to be dealt with. It swells
when subjected to wetting, and shrinks with drying.
Clays and silts are low-grade construction materials, which find use in impervious
elements such as cores (dams), cut-offs, they are poorly drained, and they shrink and
swell. Also, clays when wet lose all strength; they are highly compressible, producing
undesirable settlement as sub-grades of highways. Sands, though, having good
drainage properties are also not suitable, as they lack cohesion and spread laterally
under vertical loads. Thus, either of the two types alone cannot take the traffic
independently. Therefore, combination of the two in certain specific proportions and
alone can solve the problem. The usual surface compaction devices are rollers, tampers
and rammers. All conventional rollers like smooth wheel, rubber-tyred, sheep foot,
vibratory and grid rollers can be used.
mechanically in place or by batch process. Some of the chemicals used are Lime,
Cement, and Fly Ash etc.