Wires and Cables

Wire
Domestic and small industry wiring in appliances.
Cable
A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted, or
braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.

Types of Wires and Cables

ELECTRICAL CABLES
Electri cal cabl es may be made more flexibl e by strandi ng the wi res. In
this process, small er i ndividual wires are twisted or braided together to
produce larger wi res that are more fl exible than solid wires of s i milar size.
Bunchi ng smal l wires before concentri c stranding adds the most flexibility.
Copper wi res i n a cable may be bare, or they may be pl ated with a thin l ayer
of another metal, most often ti n but sometimes gold, si lver or some other
material. Tin, gold, and silver are much l ess prone to oxidation than copper,
which may l engthen wire l ife, and makes solderi ng easier. Ti nni ng is also
used to provide lubri cation between strands
Electrical cables can be classified as follows:
Based on shape
Ribbon Cable
Based on construction and
cable properties
Coaxial cable
Twinax cabl e
Flexible cable
Non-metall ic sheathed cable
Metallic sheathed cabl e
Multicore cabl e
Shielded cabl e
Single cable
Twisted Pair cable
Twisting Cabl e
Special cables
Arresti ng Cabl e
Bowden Cable
Heliax Cabl e
Direct-Buri ed Cabl e
Heavy lift Cable
Elevator Cabl e

RIBBON CABLE
A Ribbon cable (also known as multi -wi re planar cabl e) i s a cable with many
conducting wires running parall el to each other on the same flat plane. As a
result the cabl e is wi de and flat. Its name comes from the resemblance of
the cable to a pi ece of ribbon.

COAXIAL CABLE
Coaxial cabl e, or coax, is a type of cable that has an inner conductor
surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubul ar conducti ng
shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulati ng outer sheath or jacket.
The term coaxi al comes from the i nner conductor and the outer shield
shari ng a geometri c axis.





TWINAX CABLE
Twinaxial cabling, or "Twinax", is a type of cable
similar to coaxial cable, but with two inner
conductors instead of one. Due to cost efficiency it is
becoming common in modern (2013) very-short-
range high-speed differential signaling applications.

MULTICORE CABLE
A multicore cable is a generic term for an electrical cable that has multiple cores made
of copper wire. The term is normally only used in relation to a cable that has more cores
than commonly encountered. For example, a four core mains cable is never referred to
as multicore, but a cable comprising four coaxial cables in a single sheath would be
considered multicore.

SHEILDED CABLE
A shielded cable is an electrical cable of one or more
insulated conductors enclosed by a common
conductive layer. The shield may be composed of
braided strands of copper (or other metal, such as
aluminum), a non-braided spiral winding of copper
tape, or a layer of conducting polymer. Usually, this
shield is covered with a jacket. The shield acts as a
Faraday cage to reduce electrical noise from
affecting the signals, and to reduce electromagnetic
radiation that may interfere with other devices (see
electromagnetic interference). The shield minimizes
capacitive coupled noise from other electrical sources. The shield must be applied across
cable splices.




TWISTED PAIR CABLE

Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two
conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for
the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic
interference (EMI) from external sources; for
instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded
twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between
neighboring pairs. It was invented by Alexander
Graham Bell.

BOWDEN CABLE
A Bowden cable is a type of flexible cable
used to transmit mechanical force or energy
by the movement of an inner cable (most
commonly of steel or stainless steel)
relative to hollow outer cable housing. The
housing is generally of composite
construction, consisting of a helical steel
wire, often lined with nylon, and with a
plastic outer sheath.

DIRECTLY BURIED CABLE
Direct-buried cable (DBC) is a kind of
communications or transmissions cable
which is especially designed to be
buried under the ground without any
kind of extra covering, sheathing, or
piping to protect it.
Most direct-buried cable is built to
specific tolerances to heat, moisture,
conductivity, and soil acidity. Unlike
standard telecommunications and
power cables, which have only a thin
layer of insulation and a waterproof
outer cover, DBC consists of multiple
layers of heavy metallic-banded sheathing, reinforced by heavy rubber covers, shock
absorbing gel, wrapped thread-fortified waterproof tape, and stiffened by a heavy metal
core.


Domestic Cable: Domestic or House Wiring is a major sector where you can find extensive
use of wires and cables. This variety is generally popular for secure light wiring and is not
meant for carrying heavy power load.
Shielded Instrumentation Cable: This type of cable is popular for its high strength and
durability. It is used in Connection of Instruments, Process Control Systems, Computers, Data
Transmission, etc.
PTFE: This type of cable has fantastic mechanical and electric properties and is highly popular.
Because of its heat resistant property, it is used in adverse conditions where temperature
ranges can vary from + 180C and above to below -40C.
Silicon Rubber Insulated Wires: This cable finds use in electric utilities such as the
generation and transmission of electricity. It is a most suitable wire for places that require long
service life with safety considerations, places with normal environment surroundings like
Nuclear and conventional power generation stations.
Fire Survival Cables: It is a special cable used to operate for a defined period during a fire
outbreak. It is extensively used for their excellent safety feature.

Source: http://controlcableindia.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/different-types-of-wires-and-cables/


Types of Wires

V.I.R (Vulcanized Indian Rubber)
wires: A VIR wire mainly consists of a
tinned conductor having rubber coating.
T.R.S. (Tough Rubber Sheathed)
wires: This type of wire is a modification
of V.I.R. wire. It consists of the ordinary
rubber coated conductors with an
additional sheath of tough rubber.

P.V.C. (Poly Vinyl Chloride) wires:
P.V.S. has following properties: Moisture
proof, Tough, Durable, Chemically
inert.

Lead alloy sheathed wires: The ordinary
wires can be used only at dry places but for
damp places these wires are covered with
continuous lead sheaths.
Weather proof wires: These types of wires
are used outdoor i.e. providing a service
connection from overhead line to building
etc.
Flexible wires: These wires consists of
number of strands instead of a single
conductor. (Strand is a very thin conductor).


Solid Core: Solid core wiring uses a solid metal core as a conductor
Stranded Core: Stranded core uses bunches of thin wires twisted together to form the
core. This makes the electrical wire more flexible.
Multiple Conductors: Electrical wiring can be made as a single conductor wire or several
wires bundled together with additional insulation.
Copper Wiring: Copper is a traditional metal used as a conductor in electrical wiring.
Copper is popular because it is flexible, durable and conducts electricity well.
Aluminum Wiring: Aluminum has come into common use as a conductor in electrical
wiring because it is cheaper than copper
Alloys: In some industrial and high-voltage installations, metal alloys
are needed to provide adequate power transmission and safety.
Types of Cables
BELTED CABLES: These cables are used for the voltage level up
to 11 kV. The cores are insulated from each other by use of
impregnated paper.
SCREENED TYPE CABLES: These cables are used for the
voltage levels of 22 kV. The two types of screened cables are:
H-Type cables and S.L. Type cables.
H-Type cables: Each conductor is
insulated with a paper, covered with a
metallic screen.
S.L. Cables:
Each lead is insulated
with an impregnated
paper than covered by separate
sheath lead.

SUPER TENSION (S.T.) CABLES: The S.T. cables are intended
for 132 kV to 25 kV voltage levels.

OIL FILLED CABLES: It consists of concentric
standard conductor but built around a hallow cylindrical steel spiral core, which
acts as a channel for oil.

GAS PRESSURE CABLES: An inert gas like N at
high pressure is introduced lead sheath and dielectric.
Source: http://www.ehow.com/facts_5597874_different-kinds-electrical-wire.html


6 Different Types of Electrical Conduits (Raceways)

An electrical conduit (EC) is a piping system that is used to carry electrical wiring for
either power or communication. These piping systems are commonly referred to as raceways.
The ECs are solid and they are used to both house and protect electrical cables and wiring.
Here is a list of your most common ECs.

Type 1 - Rigid Non Metallic Conduit (PVC)
PVC is made from a combination of both plastic and vinyl. PVC pipes can be installed
above ground, underground or encased in cement. PVCs are most commonly used
underground. These pipes are light weight, flexible, impact resistant, nonconductive, ultraviolet
resistant and corrosion resistant. They are popular because they have watertight joints and low
installation costs. They are not interchangeable with other ECs.

Type 2 - Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) / Rigid Steel Conduit (RSC)
RVCs and RSCs are your heaviest and thickest option, typically made of coated steel,
stainless steel, red brass or aluminum. These pipes can be installed above ground or
underground. They are similar in appearance to metal water pipes and are threaded at both
ends. The threads on the uncoupled end of the pipes are covered by industry color-coded
thread protectors, which protect the threads, keeping them clean and sharp. Although RMCs
and RSDs are generally corrosive resistant, a layer of PVC or zinc (see GRC) can be added in
areas that are wet or highly corrosive. If you opt for an organic coating you check for heat
restrictions. These types are interchangeable with GRCs.

Type 3 - Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
If you opt for an organic coating you check for heat restrictions. They are
interchangeable with GRCs.

Type 4 - Galvanized Rigid Conduit (GRC)
GRCs are created by taking one of your above RMC, RSD, or IMC and galvanizing it via
hot dipping it in zinc. The zinc coating provides extra coating in areas that are wet, or highly
corrosive. GRCs are interchangeable with most RMC, RSD, and IMC to use when only an area of
your piping is in need of additional protection. PVC coating can be added on top of GRC coating
for ECs that will be exposed to chemicals and other highly abrasive materials.

Type 5 - Electrical Metal Tubing (EMT)
EMTs are not interchangeable with other ECs.

Type 6 - Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC)
This is your option for areas that need to sustain large amounts of movement and
vibration. They are found with stainless steel, galvanized steel or aluminum. They are available
as water proof if needed and are installed above ground. The appearance is similar to that of
metallic armored cable.


Source: http://www.doityourself.com/stry/6-different-types-of-electrical-conduits#.U70ABEC6DLo#ixzz36xVoNQS9
Assignment:
o Wire and Cables
o Raceways





Mallari, Russel Ray Y

AR 1232


#23