1. What happens to the rate of leaching with increase in temperature?

2. State some common problems of packed columns.

3. What types of towers are suitable for corrosive and foamy liquids?
4. Why plate towers are preferred to packed columns when large temperature changes
are involved?
5. for vacuum operation why packed towers are desirable?
6. Give some essential characteristics of a good absorbent.
7. What are the main criteria for a binary fractionation?
8. When is steam distillation recommended?
9. When a natural draft cooling tower is generally used?
10. What are spray chambers?
11. What do you mean by constant drying conditions?
12. What is unbound moisture?
13. What are the advantages of continuous drying over the batch process?
14. What is hold up in a dryer?
15. How adsorption is applied to gaseous separations?
16. What are fights in rotary dryers?
17. What is critical solution temperature?
18. Why are horizontal compartmenting plates or bafes provided in most mechanically
agitated liquid-liquid extractors?
19. Why solids having cellular structure are not ground to small size before leaching
operation is carried out?
20. What is adsorption hysteresis?
21. What should be properties of good adsorbent?
1. What is meant by differential distillation?
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2. Draw a equilibrium diagram and boiling point diagram for an azeotropic binary
system.
3. Raoults law applies to the !!!!!!!!!! and "enrys law applies to the !!!!!!!!!
#. What is relati$e $olatility?
%. What is &urphree tray efficiency?
'. What is meant by constant molal o$erflow?
(. Define the term minimum reflu) ratio.
*. +onchon,-a$arit method analyses the fractionating equipment based on
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
.. What is stripping factor?
1/. Draw a neat s0etch of pac0ed absorption tower.
11. Write down the properties of a good pac0ing for an absorption tower.
12. Write few industrial application of absorption.
13. What is a plait point?
1#. What is selecti$ity? -electi$ity of sol$ent used in e)traction should be
!!!!!!!!!!!!
1%. What are the factors which affect a leaching operation?
1'. 1)plain the terms e)traction and leaching.
1(. What are the desirable properties of an industrial adsorption?
1*. What is meant by a brea0 through cur$e for adsorption?
1.. What are the $arious types of dialysis?
2/. Write the principle of 2on,e)change.
21. Differentiate between flash distillation3 differential distillation and rectification
22. What is distillation?
23. What are the limitations of distillation?
2#. Deri$e the e)pression y 4 5x67187 5,19x9
2%. 1)plain :lash ;aporization.
2'. 1)plain the term total reflu).
2(. What is the use of open steam and how to calculate the number of stages in case of
open steam
2*. Define molecular distillation.
2.. What is the use of entrainer in <zeotropic distillation?
3/. What is meant by desorption?
31. Define the term &inimum Reflu) ratio.
32. =i$e the ;ont "offs law of mobile equilibrium.
33. Define flooding and loading in an absorber.
3#. Define the term leaching and e)traction.
3%. What is distribution law?
3'. 1)plain the use of triangular graph for e)traction.
3(. What are the different types of adsorption?
3*. 1)plain the process of 2on e)change.
3.. Define selecti$ity and distribution coefficient.
#/. Define >hermal and sweep diffusion.
#1. What are the $arious types of dialysis?
#2. What are the ad$antages of distillation o$er absorption?
#3. Define the term relati$e $olatility
##. -tate "enrys law
#%. What is &urphree tray efficiency?
#'. What is meant by equilibrium distillation?
#(. What is absorption factor?
#*. What is molecular distillation?
#.. -0etch the operating line and equilibrium cur$e for an absorber and stripper
%/. What is meant by minimum liquid gas ratio?
%1. What is plait point?
%2. 1)plain percolation method of leaching?
%3. Define distribution coefficient and state its importance
%#. What is electrodialysis?
%%. What are the properties of sol$ent for e)traction?
%'. What is ion retardation?
%(. &ention few industrial adsorbents
%*. What is adsorption hysteresis?
%.. Write the principle of ion,e)change
'/. What is meant by constant molal o$er flow?
'1. What is the role of Raoults law in distillation?
'2. Write short notes on?
7i9 <zeotropic distillation 7ii9 1)tracti$e distillation 7iii9 Rayleighs equation
'3. >he ">@ and A>@ concepts in pac0ed columns.
'#. <diabatic saturation temperature.
'%. &iers theory of crystallization
''. -pray drying
'(. Dehumidification process
'*. 2nduced draft cooling tower
'.. ;acuum crystallizer
(/. >wo film theory
(1. Booling towers
(2. Reynolds analogy
(3. Wet,bulb temperature
(#. ">@ and "1>+
(%. C$er all and indi$idual phase mass transfer coefficients
('. +sychrometric chart
((. Dewis number and its significance
(*. 1ffect of gas $elocity on batch drying characteristics
(.. Drying of food grains
*/. Britical3 bound and unbound moisture contents
*1. <nalogy between momentum3 heat and mass transfer
*2. :luidized bed dryers
*3. <ir,conditioning equipments
*#. -wenson,Wal0er crystallizer
*%. -chmidt number and its significance
*'. E , factors
*(. 1stimation of diffusi$ities
**. 2nduced draft cooling towers
*.. Rotary dryers
./. &olecular and 1ddy diffusion
.1. Aucleation
.2. 1)plain the term F:D@GF
.3. What is meant by molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion?
.#. Define the term diffusi$ity
.%. =i$e the Wil0e,Bhang equation and e)plain the terms in$ol$ed in it.
.'. Why $arious theories of mass transfer ha$e been proposed?
.(. 1)plain the term stage and stage efficiency
.*. What is meant by absorption factor?
... 1)plain the theory of humidification
1//. What is meant by wet bulb temperature approach?
1/1. What is the principle of recirculating liquid gas humidifier?
1/2. Define Dew point
1/3. Define the term FHound moistureF
1/#. 1)plain the effect of temperature and mass flow rate of air on the constant drying
rate3 AB.
1/%. What is meant by holdup in a rotary dryer?
1/'. Which type of drier is used in the manufacture of 7a9 tablets 7b9 +araffin wa)?
1/(. What is crystallization?
1/*. D law of crystal growth-tate &cBabes
1/.. What is the purpose of agitator in the crystallizer?
11/. =i$e e)amples of batch crystallizer and continuous crystallizer
Diffusion and Mass Transfer Coefficients:
111. Define the terms a9 diffusion b9 mass diffusi$ity c9 eddy diffusion
112. What is the unit for mass diffusi$ity?
113. Draw a graph showing concentration gradient for equimolal diffusion
11#. What is -herwood number and gi$e its significance?
11%. =i$e the relationship between mass transfer coefficient and diffusi$ity
11'. What is the effect of pressure and temperature on the diffusion coefficient in gases?
11(. Define <bsorption factor
11*. Define? a9 humidity b9 percentage humidity and c9 relati$e humidity
11.. "ow the cooling effect in a cooling tower can be increased?
12/. Define a9 Dew point and b9 bubble +oint
121. Define the term 1quilibrium moisture and free moisture content of solid
122. What is freeze,drying?
123. Which drier is suitable for handling fragile crystals?
12#. During drying operation3 critical moisture content $aries with !!!!!!!!!.
12%. Write down the sequence of stages in the e$olution of a crystal
12'. Write down the three methods used to produce super,saturation
12(. What is magma?
12*. What is the purpose of agitator in a crystallizer
12.. 1)plain. What do you understand by ID and I" factors?
13/. Write short notes on following mass transfer theories
7i9 :ilm theory 7ii9 -urface renewaltheory 7iii9 +enetration theory
Absorption

131. What do you understand by liquid film controlling in gas absorption? -uggest
methods of increasing the rate of transfer for this condition.
132. Deri$e Jremser,Hrown,-ouders equation for the calculation of number of theoretical
stages for absorption in a stagewise contact tower.
133. Bompare the performance of bubble,cap column3 sie$e,tray column and pac0ed bed
column. Discuss in detail the operation of any column.
13#. When are the concepts of "1>+ and ">@ used? What is the difference between the
two? Drawing an equilibrium diagram3 indicate clearly the two concepts.
13%. 2llustrate the significance of operating line and equilibrium line for a steady state
counter,current process.
13'. Discuss briefly the flooding and loading conditions in a pac0ed tower stating the
factors which influence them.
13(. Discuss briefly the important design and operational aspects of
1. Hubble cap column and 2. -ie$e tray tower.
13*. Define absorption factor. 2ndicate its physical significance and uses in the design of
absorbers.
13.. Discuss the use of &urphree efficiency for the design of an absorber.
1#/. Discuss briefly how the minimum sol$ent requirement in counter,current gas
absorption may be determined.
1#1. What is flooding $elocity? What role does it play in the design of absorption column?
1#2. -pecify the important properties a pac0ing material should possess for being used in
mass transfer equipment. Aame a few pac0ing materials.
1#3. "ow do you e)press the efficiency of an absorption plate and an absorption column?
=i$e an idea of an ideal plate.
1##. 2ndicate the methods used for the design of absorption towers for absorption
with chemical reaction. 1)plain the type of data needed in the design and how this
data is obtained.
Adsorption

1#%. Bompare the se$eral adsorption isotherms you 0now of and discuss their importance
in adsorption steps in a chemical engineering operation.
1#'. Draw the brea0,through cur$e for an adiabatic batch adsorption bed. Discuss the
main features.
1#(. What are the characteristics to be possessed by industrial adsorbents? What are the
commonly used adsorbents?
Extraction

1#*. Discuss the factors which go$ern the selection of sol$ents to be used for liquid,liquid
e)tractions.
1#.. Write in short the procedure to determine the number of theoretical stages for
counter,current multistage e)traction.
Leaching

1%/. Discuss briefly the typical equilibrium diagrams in leaching
1%1. 1)plain the graphical method of determining the number of theoretical stages in a
multistage counter,current leaching.
Distillation

1%2. 1)plain entrainment3 foaming3 coning and limiting $apor $elocity in distillation.
1%3. What is flash $aporization? Cbtain relationship for liquid to $apor product ratio in
terms of enthalpies of different streams.
1%#. Deri$e RaleighKs equation for differential distillation.
1%%. Why the reflu) is used and how does it affect the size of the distillation tower?
1%'. 1)plain3 with necessary equations3 the utility of +onchon,-a$arit method of
determining the number of ideal plates in a fractionating column. "ow is the &cBabe,
>hiele method a simplification of this?
1%(. When is distillation by steam used? 1)plain with necessary e)pressions3 the effect of
using $acuum in steam consumption in such an operation.
1%*. Discuss the principles3 operation and industrial applications of the following gi$ing
e)amples.
19 <zeotropic distillation 29 1)tracti$e distillation 39 &olecular distillation
1%.. 2ndicate how the use of the enthalpy,composition diagram and &cBabe,>hiele
diagram could be utilized for the design of distillation columns. -pecify the
application of each method. 1)plain by means of both the methods to determine?
1. minimum reflu) 29 the number of plates at total reflu) and the
2. Docation of the correct feed plate in the fractionation of liquid mi)ture in a bubble
plate column using open steam.
1'/. -tate with reasons whether the following statements are correct or not3 gi$e
appropriate equations where$er possible.
1. Raoults law applies to the solute and "enrys law applies to the sol$ent.
2. 2n a rectification column3 the heat requirement in the re,boiler gets fi)ed if the
reflu) ratio is fi)ed.
3. &urphree plate efficiency can be abo$e 1//L.
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