Fonrrula

of acid
6 (a)
The
pK" values o{ four carboxyiic
acids are listed in the table below
Ko
u
h
t
I
rlr^
- r''.r
1l'\T
#Q
cf
i6m)
{5m}
6(b)
6 (c)
7 (a)
7
(b)
{4mi
(2m)
ii)
Describe afld sxptair'r th trrd
in ecisic slrengtlt
shown
by acids
L2
and
:t>t
\
fiar\re
*^t\
)
{Ii}Giveanexplanationfolt|.led?fferenceinthepKav*luesforacids2and4
{iii}
Calculste lhe
sf a 0.0't0
rnol dmi solu'tion o{ proparroic
add
(acid 1}
or|
"-.Et
Pu('
-'{-'1
(rLrl
The sotubirity
produnt,.Kr*,
o{ magnesium
hydroxide
h*e a
lrglnqds3lj{e-$g
iilwri!.e
an expre*ion
for tne@,
$taling
its unitc
tir)UsethevalueofK*giventoca|culatethaooncentrstionofMg(oH}zina
saNrated
ealution"
{iii}Ep|ainwhethermagnetiurnhydrcxid*r*ouldbeftlorasol$bleor|8ss
solu-ble ln S,t motdm{
Mg$Ortaq}
than in water'
fiil
Catcula& the
mas* of *Wds
that needx to be addBd to 450
crns of 0.{ 0 rnot dm"3 arnrnonia
to
pradtrce a Eolution with
pH
t
9'0
Ilt
of NH3
=
1'7 x 10'5
rnol dm']
l
St*te Le {b*teliet'r PllociPle-
Re⋼1
to ii:e eryulibririm
r:r
-
$ft( r-r rr
+UH:ig)
I 5O:{gl <s
$NOig)
+ oH;O(g}
lH=-90SIJumf'
Lrplain
($ ibe eftk{ c*l the
fel
d of }{O rafien prEll}tsE rll} equilitniuu
urlshu
e ts
ull:Ie8$eo
fii'l tbe etlct +tl egtrilibriun
cosJLlol' Id" u'bel teuryaratrue
ou tlre eqtrilihiuor
rtlxtrirt is decrea*ed'
(4ni)
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If 0.40 nr':l oflr:Hi aadiJ 50 **;l of 0: ia r.i drli c+aiaiss
il allc"l'edtoreact
rathe
prFlence,,icatal-+-.-.r
pfotior*...ffioaiirnrr'lJ3trf
alequiliL,riusri*
extabli:lred'
the
feld
of I'{O ii l'-ltc b-v l]lo}e' J*ii"ttt*
tftu u"*tUtr-.
'rf
ursl of }ffl
ptodlrced.
Cnl'eo tLar tire teactiot '{
-?
B iv:ecoud
atdet'
Sl:etctr the grapL'; rrf (il couceqh
atic'l] of A
r'et:trs tiue :urd (ii) t:ate '"'ert?s
cccceltratioa of
$-
- I
;ru time is as g{v'etl l-relota-
If rbegffiphot
1*
to.
t2m)
(2m)
7(e)
7 (f)
8
{a)
B
tb)
e (a)
t
fAt
L..J
i rnoL'l dra-:'
10
i i nrn"'
0
(i*lcr{ate
iil
the ral* cctg-rlnlr
{nl
fire uritial colceobatios
of
(3m)
(2m)
(2m)
I
Sueqest
rl:e urechn:ristu
f'f,r'the
reactrsfl
il
'-":t--'
'a
hatflnccd
c*luuriun
ftrr thc prcpur'ation
of
{iiJ
State the ref,gcn(s1
conditions
nnd wriie
amtn(rni
a I ronr gqlgilumjglts-
lrirric
scirl is ohtrrinerr
lnrnr
afimoflia
by rhe ostwuld's
process, Nitric acid undergo+r
conrprere
dissocjrtion
i,, ;;;Jr;;-;;;r,*-
rhc hvdmgen
irn enrt
the nilrxte i(ln'
ji;outii'IerhePrei}e'ationcfnitricacidfrqnramnroniaio'1;1qt}tlrv:ald'sFroce$s.
(.;iJ Det*]:min$
rhe {)xidntion
rtate of nitrogen in niuic acid"
(iii)frrurv i1''s 1's"!'is
diagrartt
lirr
the nitrate iolr and statn its thape' N$f
Alkcnestrlldetgortlditirrnteac{iottsac*ordirtgtotlrelvlarkovltikor,'srulc.stirlethc
,lfr*ourf*tt'i
.,tf*"
rut-r frum the follorving
lr<iditiil'n rcactionl'
Writc tlr{ structursl
fc'rrnulac
uf thc lnajDr
lntdu
'r-
HCI
-*-' '"'
(13m)
(5m)
llJr
trt0tllirlg
\\irIrT
1ii t C'l{1Cl{:-(,'=CI
l-(ll li
C'n'
liri) {
FcHr-HrS{J'
\-J c{ni:,
r
-t
v *"r'-hqtsrt
'"il!-ntloulld
f orr itt:hyilrirlioa'
l'rt'acts
v*irh brumtoc
il1;]?;'.:;#.1:'J;Ti:1ru*l:fq;i:ilfffii,,r''i'''-ir'--l'."rnpr:sitian-E-1'
nils:c:'rriin'
II l'", . hy-dl*gcn'
t t'-;,,1:;lili;"i;',-;ir.
(i.t I)"-rcrnrinc
thc cmplrtc''
_'.::,':]-".:;: i,..,,,t. of z.) Givc {rrl(} r{'iir:
'(il) \\:hat is ttrc n"'olsL 'fiiHt:ffi;;t*'r"*ulo
trf xJ'G!vr
tftrg rc$son
far
'r'cur
rrng1*:r'
ti.iiiSuggtsi.*ir.r'u*o.*ns.lthestruct'ulrirIllbrnrrr.laucrl-.l'-}''anelir..
f.lrf)
0
e (b)
(10m)
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'10
(a)
1o(b)
10 (c)
A rSuthe{ir, po\rnet I[ is rlxfhesised Bocrl rnotronrrs
fl'ald Q
rhoum belor'ri
P: H0fl}I1CTI;,SH
aud
q : UOrC-S-COgt
{
i
}
}farne,*his aluthetic
F*l}*tet
Rasd d*a r
q5--h5lryEgthi:
polluer'
( ii
)
state tbe t1pe,
,rfpal}rr*risatisn ttr*t t+kes, place ss:iag
the fsru:*tios of R ald glr'e
one n*e of R ib cr:r- dailYlife'
Draw the structural formulae of the organic products obtained from the reactions
of
aminoethanoic acid, H
2
NCH
,
COOH, with
{i}
aqueous sodium hydroxide
(ii) sulPhuric acid
(iii) nitric (lll) acid
(iv) ethanol
State the acid-base nature of each of the organic
E-\D Of
QLtr-9T{:Or
rl?ER.
$v
K,"
{5rn}
(2m)
Grystal of aminoethanoic
acid/
glycine melt between
230 and 235
u
C' Explain why the
melting
point of aminoethanoiJacidl
glycine is higher than that of hydroxylethanoic
acid'
HocH
2
GOOH (m.P 75
-
80
o
c)
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Theplssiblernolecr'tlalfornu|aeofthec|r|.oridesofanelementXareXC|,XCh.andXC|a.
ciate
,r'r
kJ molt1,
fo' rn* *t"**nt
X' chlorine'
unJ'nu
chlorides
of the element
X are
givern
Xis;
--+
n1rtt
enlhalpy
change
of alnmisatian
ol X
* +'14S
xis] '*->
x"qs)
l;e-;
;;"ili:;:'t-
enersv oi o
; +736
X+iql
-*:l
1r*igi'+ e-;
secord
icnlsallnn
*-ot'gy
of X =
+14d8
X""{!i--J,,-{.1.iu*,thirdionisati00energvni
)li cl,(s:)
-;t"*f
'
'
-lll:]:v J'nsu
oi;rornisalion
ol ct =
+'121
c,.,,)-
._
___,?li,lur,
:*;Xl;l;ll
.
-l:i^
'
*3s4
lattice energY of XCh
;
-zbu1
lalrrce energy
of XCh = -5440
EnthalPY
as follotrys:
By l"rl,rns the r:rithalpv
f lliflb*l,i
il,.,ll:.':-.::ililJi:['1"';:*i:'#3::iitl5,'iJi'il'ip+
(15m)
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