952

I EEE Transactions on Power Delivery ,Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1991

DESIGN OF POWER LINE CARRIER SYSTEMS ON MULTITRANSPOSED DELTA TRANSMISSION LINES.
Jos6 Luis Naredo V.
Student member.
Avrum C. Soudack
The University of British Columbia
Department of Electrical Engineering
Vancouver, B. C.
V6T 1W5, Canada
ABSTRACT. It is shown in this paper that some of the most
widely accepted coupling recommendations for power line
carrier systems (PLC) do not prevent modal cancellation. It is
also shown that computer programs for calculating line
frequency response may fail to detect modal cancellation
conditions. A method of PLC system design, for
multitransposed horizontal and delta transmission lines is
proposed. It is based in Senn's technique [61 for calculating
PLC frequency responses and allows for the consideration of
line data uncertainties and line parameter variations. Another
technique proposed in the paper makes use of shunt
capacitors connected at a few points along the line. The risk
of nodal cancellation is decreased and, in some cases, it can
be eliminated.
Key words: power line carrier, modal analysis, transmission line
modeling. horizontal lines, delta lines, teleprotection.
1. INTRODUCTION.
Communication signal loss due to modal cancellation is
a major concern in the design of power line carrier systems
(PLC). An electromagnetic wave on a multiconductor line can
be considered as an ensemble of modes, each one with its
own propagation velocity and attenuation [ I ] . Due to velocity
differences, the phase angles between modes change as the
wave propagates along the line. Sometimes in PLC systems
hvo 0: more modes arrive at the far end of the line with a
phase difference such as to make the signal at the receiver's
input practically zero 121. Delta transmission lines, for which
horizontal lines are a particular case, are considered the most
prone to modal cancellation [61. They are also among the
most commonly found ones in practice. The work here
reported focusses on these types of lines.
PLC design is restricted to the selection of couplings
and of carrier frequencies only. Coupling selection is. done
either by applying a set of given recommendations or by
comparing the calculated frequency responses of each coupling
alternative. It is shown in this paper that neither of these
approaches guarantees a modal cancellation-free system
response, Section 2 provides an ovewiew of the method of
analysis used throughout the paper. In section 3, it is shown
that some of the most widely accepted coupling
recommendations present modal cancellation and, furthermore,
that for some line transposition schemes it is not possible to
obtain cancellation-free couplings. In section 4 the limitations
of frequency response calculations as applied to practical design
are discussed. Line calculations are based on field data which,
in most practical situations, cannot be obtained with the
90 SiI Lu3-0 P;C?D P. paper recommended and approved
by the I EEZ Power Syster'i Communications Committee of
tie IETk Power Engi neeri ng Soci ety for presentati on
at the ILEE/FES 1990 Summer bi eeti ng, K i nneapol i s,
.i i nnesota, J ul y 15-19, 1990. Si anuscri pt submi tted
September 1, lqb9; nade avai l abl e f or pri nti ng
J une 6, 1990.
required detail and accuracy; moreover, some of these data
may be subjected to climatic changes. Calculated responses,
may not then show the risk of modal cancellation.
Because of the limitations of the aforesaid design
methods, an alternative is proposed in section 5. It is based
on Senn's technique for calculating PLC response [6,71 and
allows for the consideration of line parameter variztions and of
field information uncertainties. In section 6, a technique of
recent consideration by the authors is introduced. This
technique requires the connection of shunt capacitors at some
points along the line in order to improve the sensitivity of
the PLC system response to line parameter changes. In some
cases, modal cancellation can be completely eliminated.
2. OVERVIEW OF THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
OF PLC SYSTEMS.
2.1 Preliminaries.
For a transmission line where wave propagation can be
described by only two dominant modes and where reflected
waves are neglected, the attenuation is given by the following
relationship [31:
- 20 /0g1,/L K i =O 2 ci xi j
,..(I)
where a, is mode 1 attenuation, L is the length of the line,
n is the minimum number of homogeneous sections of equal
length into which the line can be divided, K. CO, C 1 , C2 ...,
Cn are coefficients that depend on the transposition scheme,
on the coupling connections and on the elements of the
modal transformation matrices. X stands for:
X = exp[-(Aa+jAe)] J 2)
where Da and A0 are, respectively, the difference of
attenuation and of phase shift between mode 2 and mode 1
as they travel along any of the homogeneous line sections
into which the line has been divided.
Since by convention [5], mode 1 is the lowest
attenuation mode, the first term of (1) corresponds to the
theoretical minimum attenuation of the line and is denoted by
"A 1 'I. After an elementary manipulation, A 1 becomes:
A1 = 8.686 ( a1 L). J3)
The second term of (I ), known as supplementary attenuation
and denoted by "A,":
... (4)
accounts for the interactions between the two propagating
modes as well as foi the losses in the couplings. While the
calculation of A1 is straightfoward. that of A, is quite
irwolved. Senn's method [6,7] provides a simple way for
determining " As" .
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
953
2.2 Senn's method.
The key point in the development of Senn's method i s
that when the modal transformation matrices are constant, the
coefficients K, CO, C ,, C,, ... and C, are independent of the
physical parameters of the line. They depend, instead, on its
topological properties only; i. e., the transposition schemes and
the coupling connections. There is always, therefore, a
polynomial known as "the propagation polynomial"
p ( x ) = CO + c, x + c*x, + ... +c,x"
which is associated with each line topology. The roots of
p( X ) are the values of X that make A S infinite. Only the
roots known as "poles" or "cancellation poles", where:
0 s 1x1 5 1 ... (5)
represent the possibility of modal cancellation [6,7,131.
It is well known [ 7] that the modal transformation
matrices of a horizontal line are approximated very closely by
the Clarke components. In the more general case of delta
lines, it has been shown in [14] that it is still possible to
approximate the modal matrices by real constant matrices.
Senn's method can thus be extended to these types of lines.
Furthermore, for most delta lines, Senn's method can be
applied as a first approximation 1141.
As an example, consider the PLC system layout of
figure la. By applying the Clarke components, the following
propagation polynomial i s obtained I121:
p( X) = X3 + 3Xz + 15X - 3 ... (6)
and
K = 16.
The loots of the polynomial are X, =0.192 Xz =-1.6+3.6/ and
X,=-l.6--3.6; According to (5). the first root is a pole.
TRANSMI ~ER RECEIVER
t" U3 4 u3+ U 3 4
a)
L= 210 km
Phase
conductors.
Hcavg __-
Dhc -
conductors-
Db -
Ground
wires.
Mavg -
Dhg -
radius-
material-
15.24m
12.65m
2x1113 ACSR
0.40m
23.00m
11.00m
0.489cm
ALUMOWELD
A,, as defined in (3), i s a function of the complex
variable X, or, of the two independent variables Aa and AB.
Its graphical representation is thus a surface in a tridimensional
space. Senn introduced a bidimensional representation of A, in
the A a 4 0 plane by means of contour maps. The contour
map corresponding to the line topology of figure l a is shown
in figure 2. The map i s obtained by replacing p( X) of (6) in
(3) and by assigning values to AS.
Figure 2. Contour map corresponding to figure l a 'PLC system
layout.
A,, as well as its contour representation, depends on
the line topology only. The physical properties of the line are
required only to determine specific values of Aa and A0 and,
subsequently, of A S and A t o t . To this end, Senn has
introduced another type of plot [6,71 known as the "modal
plot". Given the physical data of a specific line, the values of
AB are plotted against the corresponding ones of Aa with the
frequency as a running parameter. Figure 3, for example,
shows five modal plots for the line data of figure I b, each
one corresponding to a different value of earth resistivity.
Figure 1. PLC system example. a) System layout. b)Line data.
Figure 3. Modal plots corresponding to figure t b line data for
five different resistivities.
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
954
Assuming that the supplementary attenuation of the
system specified by figure 1 is to be obtained, the modal
plot corresponding to the earth resistivity of p=7000m should
be superimposed on figure 2 contour plot. The values of A,,
read at the crossings of the modal plot and the contour
curves, are plotted in figure 4 along with the values of A1
obtained from (2). The addition of A, and X I , which is also
plotted in figure 4, yields the total line attenuation A t o t .
0 THEOR. MIN.
ATTENUATION. I
0 SUPPLEMENTARY
ATTENUATION.
ATTENUATION.
0 0
0 0
FREQUENCY - KHZ
Figure 4. Plots of total attenuation, supplementary attenuation
and theoretical minimum attenuation for the PLC system
specified in figure 1.
3. CONSIDERATIONS OF COUPLING
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PLC DESIGN.
3.1 Analysis of the IEC PLC coupling
Recommendations.
The two most common PLC coupling configurations are
phase to ground and phase to phase in differential mode [41.
The latter is also known as push-pull coupling. On a three
phase line these two configurations provide up to eighteen
alternatives of coupling. In order to make a selection, design
engineers usually resort to given sets of recommendations. The
ones issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) are perhaps the most widely adopted [81. Figures 5, 6
and 7 show the couplings recommended by the IEC for
nontransposed, single transposed and double transposed
horizontal lines, respectively.
The couplings of figures 5, 6 and 7 are referred to in
181 as "optimum" couplings. This designation, however, can
cause confusion. Only the coupling of figure Sa is optimum in
the usual sense that its attenuation is lower than that of any
other phase to ground coupling alternative [121. The
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
TRANSMIlTER RECEIVER
Figure 5. Couplings recommended by the IEC
transposed lines, a) Phase to ground Configuration. b)
phase configuration.
coupling
for non
Phase to
of figure Sb, for instance, often produces more attenuation
than that of figure 8a; the region of the Pa-A0 plane in
which this happens is the shadowed one of figure 8b [12]. It
has been shown in I131 that in the case of single transposed
lines, some couplings may produce lower attenuation than
those of figures 6a and 6b. Although figures 5b, 6a and 6b
couplings are not optimum in the sense stated above, the fact
that they prevent modal cancellation and that their
supplementary attenuation levels are well below 20 dB make
them highly recommendable.
TRANSMI ~ER RECEIVER
77
a)
b)
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
x
0
Figure 6. Couplings recommended by the IEC for single
transposed lines. a) Phase to ground configuration. b) Phase to
phase configuration.
RECEIVER
TRANSMIlTER
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
Figure 7. Couplings recommended by the IEC for double
transposed lines. a) Phase to ground configuration. b) Phase to
phase configuration.
TRANSMmR RECEIVER
a) T
3600E13 270
A0
180
b) oo Fftf-ttl
10 20 30
Figure 8. Phase to phase coupling on a non transposed line.
a) Layout. b) The shadowed region corresponds to the cases
in which coupling 8a presents lower attenuation than the one
in figure 5b.
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
955
For the case of double transposed lines, the couplings
recommended by the IEC (figures 7a and 7b) present a risk
of modal cancellarion. This has been shown already for figure
7b coupling in the previous example in section 2. For the
phase to ground coupling of figure 7a, the following
propagation polynomial is obtained I121:
p( X ) = 3x - 1. ... (7)
The only root of (7) i s X = 113 which, according to ( S) , is
a cancellation pole. The corresponding contour map is shown
in figure 9.
Instead of pursuing the concept of "optimum" couplings
further, the authors consider that a more useful approach is to
identify those couplings that can be prescribed in the most
general practical situations. Couplings preventing modal
cancellation and whose supplementary attenuation levels are
below 20 dB [5] will thus be referred to as "recommended"
couplings. Whereas figures 5, 6 and 8a couplings fall into this
cathegory, the ones in figures 7a and 7b do not. Their
application requires a careful analysis.
0
0
A'ITENUATION DIFTERENCE Aa
Figure 9. Contour map corresponding to the coupling of
figure 7a.
3.2 Further coupling studies.
A desirable feature of the recommended couplings, as
they have been defined above, is that they can be applied
without further analysis. The cases of lines divided in three
homogeneous sections of equal length by two transpositions
and of triple transposed lines in which the transpositions are
located at one sixth, one half and five sixths of the line
length are very common. It i s therefore attractive to look for
recommended couplings for these transposition schemes. The
results of an extensive search conducted by the authors are
reported as follows.
All the conventional coupling options (i. e., phase to
ground and phase to phase differential mode) were analyzed
first. For all cases of triple transposed lines and of phase to
ground couplings on double transposed lines the propagation
polynomials contain cancellation poles [121. Only two of the
phase to phase differential coupling options for double
transposed lines are pole-free; however, their contour plots
show that their supplementary attenuation i s usually above
20 dB [121.
The possibility that there could be some regions in the
Aa-A9 plane which are seldomly crossed by the modal curves
or, even better, not crossed at all was explored. It would be
possible, then, to disregard the poles inside such regions. A
statistical approach was adopted [11]. It was found that only
the Aa-axis and its immediate neighborhood are seldomly
crossed by the modal curves. Apart from this narrow region,
the rest of the Aa-A0 plane for values of Aa up to 35 dB
i s crossed frequently by the modal curves.
The following non-conventional coupling alternatives
were also analyzed:
1. Phase to phase couplings with differential mode on one
side and equal polarity on the other side
2. phase to ground on one side of the line and phase to
phase on the other side
3. Three phase mode 1 coupling.
For all these couplings, the corresponding propagation
polynomials contain cancellation poles. It can therefore be
concluded that there are no recommended couplings ior the
considered cases of double and triple transposed lines. The
fact that mode I couplings were considered is stressed, as
they are often prescribed for critical communication links [151.
The contour map of mode 1 coupling for a double transposed
line is provided in figure IO. The one for a triple transposed
line has been provided in 1131
(Push-pullipush-push).
A9
10 20 30 ha
Figure 10. Contour map corresponding to mode 1 coupling
on a single transposed line.
4. LINE RESPONSE CALCULATIONS I N PLC DESIGN.
The results of section 3 show that for some line
transposition schemes, it i s not possible to find recommended
couplings. For these cases, an effective method of analysis is
required to ensure the PLC system reliability. PLC frequency
response can be calculated in principle through the methods
described in [ 2 ] . A common design practice is to predict the
frequency responses for each coupling alternative and to
compare them in order to make a selection. The problem with
this approach i s that PLC system calculations are based on line
information which, in most practical situations, cannot be
obtained within the desired accuracy. Predicted line responses,
therefore, often differ substantially froin the actual line
responses. Moreover, as some of the line parameters are
affected by the climate. PLC system responses may not be
even constant.
Of all the line data, the earth resistivity is usually the
most uncertain. PLC designers have to rely on rough
measurements made for power transmission purposes or on
information from tables of soil resistivity. To attempt a more
accurate specification is impractical in most cases. Apart from
the difficulties in performing this type of measurement,
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
956
resistivity values usually change from one point to another
along the line as well as at different depths under the ground
[9]. Since the depth of penetration of the ground return
currents depends on the frequency, the equivalent earth
resistivity at each point along the line has to be a function of
frequency. Although to a lesser degree than the ground
resistivity, the conductor height data have a degree of
uncertainty also, especially when the line runs across irregular
terrain.
As an example of the effects of climate on the line
parameters, consider the sag of the conductors, which is
affected by temperature changes. This is known to provoke
recurrent loss of communications in some PLC systems.
Another example is the earth resistivity which may be affected
by seasonal changes of soil humidity. To illustrate the effect of
earth resistivity the frequency response of the PLC system
described by figure 1 is calculated for the following earth
resistivities: p=200Slm, p=300Qm, p=50051m, p=70052m and
p=1000Slm. Note that these resistivities are the same as for
the modal curves of figure 3. The obtained frequency
responses are plotted in figure 11. It can be seen that the
frequency response is more sensitive to line parameter changes
in the neighborhood of a cancellation pole.
The difficulties in detecting cancellation poles by using
frequency response calculations only can be observed in figure
11. The plots for p = 200 Qm and p = 300 am, for
instance, do not show any sign of modal cancellation. These
difficulties are further illustrated in the plots of figure 12. Both
plots correspond to the PLC system of figure 1 for an earth
resistivity of p = 700 am. One plot is made with ten
computation intervals whilst the other is made with fifty of
such intervals. It can be observed that the cancellation peak is
almost missed in the ten interval plot.
I
b o ,000 2000 3000 4000 5000 000.0
FREQUENCY - KHZ
Figure 11. Frequency responses for figure I PLC system for
different values of earth resistivity.
0. 0 10.0 20.0
ATTENUATION DIFFERENCE Aa
30.0
Figure 13. Modal plots corresponding to figure I b line data
for different values of conductor average heights.
5. PROPOSED METHOD FOR PLC SYSTEM DESIGN.
For the cases in which there are no pole-free
couplings the risk of modal cancellation can be minimized
through the selection of suitable carrier frequencies. It follows
from the discussion of section 4 that computed line responses
are of little assistance for this task. A method of design is
thus required. The one proposed here is based on Senn's
technique for calculating PLC response. A major obstacle in
the systematic design of PLC systems is the uncertainty of the
line physical data. In this respect, Senn's technique has the
advantage that physical and topological factors of signal
propagation are dealt with independently. The uncertainties of
physical data can be conveniently accounted for on the Senn
modal plots. An example is given next in which the proposed
method i s also illustrated.
Consider the PLC system described by figure 1.
Assume, now, that due to temperature changes mainly, the
conductor average heights can vary between 14 m and 18 m.
The modal plot of figure 13 is made for these values and for
the line data of figure I b. The shadowed regions indicate a
supplementary attenuation greater than 20 dB for the coupling
of figure la. As the conductor average heights decrease from
18 m to 14 m, the frequencies inside the range 225 kHz to
450 kHz will fall inside the shadowed region and, therefore,
this range should be avoided. In the same manner, a range of
frequencies to avoid may be determined because of uncertainty
of the earth resistivity information. For example, if a variation
of resistivities between 200 Qm and 1000 Slm is assumed, the
modal plot of figure 3 can be used. By superimposing the
shadowed regions of figure 13 onto figure 3, it can be seen
that the frequencies in the range 255 kHz and 350 kHz
should be avoided. Figure 14 shows the PLC system responses
for various conductor heights between 14 rn and 18 m. This
figure should be compared with figure 11 in order to observe
the difference of effects between earth resistivity variations and
conductor height variations. The dashed lines in figure 14 mark
the range of frequencies determined from figure 13 where
there is a risk of modal cancellation. Note also that
information concerning the dynamic range of the received
signal can be obtained from figure 14.
0 0 I O00 2000 3000
FREQUENCY -
1000 5000
KHZ
Figure 12. Plots of frequency response for figure 1 PLC
system with p=700Qm. One plot is made with ten
computational intervals and the other with fifty intervals.
The limit of 20 dB for the supplementary attenuation is
found to be rather conservative for this example. It can be
relaxed (say to 25 dB) with the consequent increase in the
dynamic range of the received signal. Although it has been
assumed that earth resistivity and conductor heights vary
independently, the analysis can be adapted to deal with
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
957
simultaneous variations of both parameters as well as to bring
more parameters into consideration. Finally, it should be
stressed that as soon as the required modal plots have been
produced, it is an easy matter to analyze additional coupling
options. These plots are simply superimposed on the
corresponding contour maps.
I
FREQUENCY - KHZ
1000 Z O O 0 3000 4000 5000
Figure 14. Frequency responses for figure 1 PLC system for
different va!ues of conductor average heights.
6. USE OF SHUNT CAPACITORS TO IMPROVE
PLC FREQUENCY RESPONSE.
Transpositions have the sole purpose of equalizing the
self and the mutual impedances of long transmission lines at
power frequency. At communication frequencies, however, they
art as discontinuities which cause mode conveisions.
Transpositions thus, tend to increase the risk of modal
cancellation. One may think that there are other discontinuities
that could minimize this risk. However, it has to be kept in
mind that these discontinuities must not affect the primary
function of power transmission. In addition, they have to be
economically feasible.
Recently the authors have been considering the
connection of shunt capacitors at certain points along the line.
The capacitors are of the type normaly used in PLC couplings
and for potential transformers. Their location is determined in
such a way that the poles of the corresponding propagation
polynomial are in a position of the Aa-A6 plane where they
exert very low influence on the PLC response. As an example,
consider the system layout of figure 15 and the line data of
figure l b. By assuming that the PLC signal at the point of
connection is zero, the following polynomial is obtained [la?]:
p(X) = x2 + 1 ... ( 8)
Its poles X, =+ j and X2 =-j lie on the Pa-axis of the
Aa-A0 plane. As it is shown in [12], this is a region through
which modal curves seldomly pass. The system responses for
earth resistivities between p =20051m and p =100051m are
pi-ovided in figure 16a. Similarly, the responses for conductor
heights between 14 m and 18 m are provided in figure 16b.
-
1 K
e
-
1 K
e
Fi gure 15. Layout of a PLC system with shunt capacitor to
improve frequency response.
P i
m
0 0 1000 2000 3000 1000 5000
FREQUENCY - KHZ
a)
n Hcavg=14m
o Hcavg=15m
A Hcavg =16m
+Hcavg =17m
x Hcavg=18m
0 0 LOO0 C OO0 3000 1d O. O 500.0
FREQUENCY - KHZ
b)
Figure 16. Frequency responses for figure 15 PLC system. a)
Earth resistivity variations. b) Conductor average height
variations.
In some cases, the use of shunt capacitors results in
pole-free propagation polynomials. For example, the
arrangement shown in figure 17 has a propagation polynomial,
p( X) = 1.0 [la?]. Its supplementary attenuation A, = 19 dB
is constant all over the Aa-A0 plane. Up to now, the
location of the shunt capacitors has been determined by trial
and error. A systematic method for determining such locations
is highly desirable.
Figure 17. Layout of PLC system in which the shunt capacitor
eliminates the cancellation poles.
7. CONCLUSIONS.
PLC designers resort either to given sets of coupling
recommendations or to computer programs that predict iine
frequency response for the design of carrier systems. It has
been shown here that some of the most widely accepted
coupling recommendations do not prevent modal cancellation.
Among them are some of the couplings recommended by the
IEC and some of the mode 1 three-phase couplings. It has
been shown, furthermore, that for mme common transposition
schemes there are no pole-free couplings. Also convefitional
computer programs that predict line response may not be well
suited for the detection of modal cancellation conditions.
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
958
A method of design of PLC systems has been
proposed. This method allows for the consideration of the
uncertainty which is usually present in some of the line data
as well as of the variations that affect some of the line
parameters. The authors believe that the application of the
proposed method will result in more reliable PLC designs.
Although PLC design has been restricted so far to the
selection of couplings and of carrier frequencies, it has been
proposed that the connection of shunt capacitors at a few
points along the line may improve the line frequency response
without affecting its primary function of power transmission.
The authors have found that, in some cases, the possibility of
modal cancellation is completely eliminated. Further work is
required on this technique. For instance, the analvsis of section
6 is based on the simplified method of section 2. The authors
are currently performing more accurate simulations through the
methods of [21. Other future activity is the search for a
systematic method to determine the most convenient capacitor
locations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. L.
M. Wedepohl for the many valuable discussions and his
assistance. The financial assistance of the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada through Operating
Grant OCP 0008831 to Prof. H. W. Dommel is gratefully
acknowledged. Finally, Luis Naredo thanks the National Research
Council of Mexico (CONACM) for the provision of a
scholarship and the Electrical Research Institute of Mexico (HE)
for granting him a leave of absence to conduct graduate
studies.
REFERENCES.
[ 11Wedepohl L. M., "Application of Matrix Methods to the
Solution of Travelling-wave Phenomena in Polyphase
Systems.", Proc. IEE, Vol. 110 No. 12, pp. 2200-2212, Dec.
1963.
[ 2lWedepohl L. M., Wasley R. C., "Propagation of Carrier
Signals in Homogeneous, Nonhomogeneous and Mixed
Multiconductor Systems.", Proc. IEE, Vol. 115, No. 1,
J anuary 1968.
[ 31Belous B. P., Kostenko M. V., Mikutsky C. V., Sidelnikov
V. V., Shkarin Yup, "investigation and Calculation of
High-frequency paths of communication-channels of
Transmission Lines.", ClCRE 1966, 328.
[ 41Podszeck H. K., "Carrier Communication over Power
Lines.", Springer-Verlag, Fourth Edition, 1972.
[ 51Senn W. H., Morf K. P., "Optimum Power Line Carrier
(PLC) Coupling Arrangement on Transposed Single Circuit
Power Lines." CICRE, 1974, 35-02.
[ 61Senn W. H,, "A New Approach to Determine the Carrier
Signal Attenuation on Horizontal H. V. Lines, Both Under
Normal and Abnormal Conditions. 'I, International Conference
on Large High Voltage Electric Systems, CICRE 35-03, 1976
Session, Aug. 25/Sept. 2.
[ 71 Eggimann F., Senn W., Morf K.,"Transmission Characteristics
of High-Voltage Lines at Carrier Frequencies.", Brown-Boveri
Revue. Vol. 8, pp. 1-11, 1977
[ 81 "Planning of (Single-sideband) Power Line Carrier Systems.",
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Report,
Publication 66311 980.
[ 91Deri A., Tevan C., Semlyen A., Castanheira A., "The
Complex Ground Return Plane, a Simplified Model for
Homogeneous and Multi-layered Earth Return.", IEEE
Transactions on PAS, Vol. PAS-100, Pp. 3686- 3693, Aug.
1981.
[I O] Naredo I . L., Cuardado L., "On Non-conventional
Couplings.", internal communication, lnstituto de
lnvestigaciones Electricas de M6xico, Divisibn Sistemas de
Potencia, March 1984.
1111 Naredo J . L., Silva I . L., Moreno P., Romero R.,
"Approximated Modal Analysis Methods for PLC Attenuation
Calculation and Coupling Recommendations Generation."
Report submitted to the CICRE Working Croup 35-03,
August 1986.
[I21 Naredo J ose Luis A., "Coinmunication Frequency Response
of High Voltage Power Lines.", M. A. Sc. Thesis,
Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of
British Columbia, April 1987.
[I31 Naredo 1. L., Silva 1. L., Romero R., Moreno P.,
"Application of Approximated Modal Methods for PLC
Systems Design.", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.
PWRD-2, No. 1, pp. 57-63, J anuary 1987.
[14] Naredo 1. L., Soudack A. C., "Extension of Senn's Method
to the Analysis of PLC Systems Applied to Delta
Transmission Lines.", Accepted for publication in the IEE
Proceedings-C., July 15th, 1989.
I151 Northwest Power Pool-Telecommunications, "Carrier Current
Channel Data Telemetering & Load Control Installations,
Microwave Channels as of March 1985.", Coordinating
Croup Office, 11 15 Public Service Building, Portland,
Oregon 97204, November 1, 1985.
]os& Luis Naredo was born in Puebla,
Pue., Mgxico in 1953. In 1976 he
obtained the bachelor's degree in
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
from Universidad Anahuac of Mkxico
DF. In 1987 he obtained the Master
of Applied Sciences degree from the
University of British Columbia (UBC) of
Vancouver, Canada, where he is
currently working towards the Ph. D.
degree.
Since 1978, Mr. Naredo has been with the lnstituto de
lnvestigaciones Electricas de Mkxico (HE) from which, in 1984,
he took a leave of absence to conduct graduate studies. At
IIE he has been, consecutively, research assistant, researcher
and project manager involved in microwave network design,
power line communications and frequency domain transient
analysis. Mr. Naredo's profesional interest is in power system
analysis, electromagnetic field calculations and
telecommunications.
Prof. Avrum C. Soudack obtained his
B. A. Sc. E. E. at the University of
Manitoba in 1957 and his Ph. D. in
Electrical Engineering at Stanford
University in 1961. He has been with
the Electrical Engineering department at
the University of British Columbia
since 1961, working in the area of
nonlinear systems.
He has published widely in
diverse journals on such topics as non-
linear circuits, control systems and ecological models. His
present interest is in chaotic behaviour in nonlinear systems.
Authorized licensed use limited to: IEEE Xplore. Downloaded on April 29, 2009 at 21:55 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.