Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Baguio City
FIRST DIVISIO
!"R" o" #$%&$$ 'p(il )* +,#,
-RI.I' -'TRI' T/0DE .U.U'RRE!UI* Petitione(*
1s"
T2E 2O" 3OSE4ITO C" VI44'ROS'* in his capacity as P(esi5ing 3u5ge of B(anch 66
of the RTC of Ma7ati City* an5 F'IE TORRES0T/* Respon5ents"
D E C I S I O
VI44'R'M'* 3R"* 3"8
This is a petition fo( (e1ie9 on ce(tio(a(i# un5e( Rule :) of the #;;& Rules of Ci1il
P(oce5u(e* as a<en5e5* assailing the Resolutions 5ate5 'ugust +%* +,,&+ an5 3uly #:*
+,,$% of the Cou(t of 'ppeals in C'0!"R" SP o" ;$;&$" The Cou(t of 'ppeals
5is<isse5 the petition fo( ce(tio(a(i an5 p(ohibition file5 by petitione( see7ing the
(e1e(sal of the o1e<be( #6* +,,6 an5 Ma(ch ;* +,,& O(5e(s: of the Regional T(ial
Cou(t =RTC> of Ma7ati City* B(anch 66* 9hich foun5 that the(e 9as no p(e?u5icial
@uestion to 9a((ant the suspension of the c(i<inal actions against petitione("
The follo9ing facts a(e establishe58
So<eti<e in 'ugust +,,,* Rose<a(y To((es Ty0Rase7hi =Rose<a(y>* the siste( of
petitione(As late fathe( 'leBan5e( To((es Ty* file5 a petition fo( the issuance of lette(s of
a5<inist(ation of the estate of he( <othe(* Bella To((es =Bella>* befo(e the RTC of Pasig
City") Petitione( initially oppose56 Rose<a(yAs petition* but they e1entually (eache5 an
a<icable settle<ent an5 ente(e5 into a co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent 9hich they sub<itte5 to
the RTC fo( app(o1al"& In a Decision$ 5ate5 o1e<be( #;* +,,+* the RTC app(o1e5 the
co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent"
Subse@uently* t9o =+> of Rose<a(yAs allege5 siblings* Pete( To((es Ty =Pete(> an5
Cathe(ine To((es Ty0Cha1eC =Cathe(ine>* file5 9ith the Cou(t of 'ppeals a Petition to
'nnul 3u5g<ent 'pp(o1ing Co<p(o<ise 'g(ee<ent* 5oc7ete5 as C'0!"R" SP o"
$&+++"; Pete( an5 Cathe(ine clai<e5 that they a(e also biological chil5(en of the late
Bella* an5 a(e entitle5 to pa(ticipate in the settle<ent of the latte(As estate" 4ate(* p(i1ate
(espon5ent Fannie To((es0Ty =Fannie>* 9ho li7e9ise clai<e5 to be a biological chil5 of
the late Bella an5 the(efo(e also entitle5 to inhe(it f(o< he(* file5 a petition0in0
inte(1ention in the action fo( annul<ent of ?u5g<ent"#,
Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie allege5 that upon the 5eath of Bella* they hel5 a nu<be( of
5iscussions pe(taining to the settle<ent of the latte(As estate" Rose<a(y* thei( el5e( siste(*
p(o<ise5 to ta7e ca(e of the p(ocessing of pape(s so that the estate <ay be 5i1i5e5 a<ong
the< in the <anne( p(o1i5e5 by la9" 2o9e1e(* in subse@uent 5iscussions* Rose<a(y
<a5e 7no9n to the< he( intention to get a 5isp(opo(tionately la(ge( sha(e of the estate*
but they 5i5 not ag(ee" o ag(ee<ent 9as (eache5 an5 as fa( as they 7no9* no p(og(ess
9as <a5e to9a(5s the settle<ent of BellaAs estate" They 9e(e not a9a(e that Rose<a(y
ha5 file5 a petition fo( the issuance of lette(s of a5<inist(ation an5 that a ?u5g<ent by
co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent 9as (en5e(e5 by the RTC of Pasig City" Rose<a(y ha5 falsely
a1e((e5 that asi5e f(o< he(self* petitione(* 9ho 9as he( niece* 9as the only othe( hei( of
Bella" In petitione(As opposition* it 9as li7e9ise a1e((e5 that petitione( an5 Rose<a(y
9e(e the only hei(s of Bella" The subse@uent co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent containe5 si<ila(
a1e(<ents* an5 it 9as not 5isclose5 that Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie 9e(e also BellaAs
hei(s" It 9as only so<eti<e in 3une +,,: that they ca<e to 7no9 of the 5ecision by
co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent of the Pasig City RTC"
Petitione( an5 Rose<a(y file5 thei( ans9e(s## to the petition fo( annul<ent of ?u5g<ent
an5 the petition0in0inte(1ention" They (aise5 si<ila( 5efenses" They 5enie5 that Pete(*
Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie 9e(e hei(s of Bella fo(* as fa( as they 7ne9* the th(ee =%> 9e(e
lite(ally pu(chase5 f(o< thi(5 pe(sons 9ho (ep(esente5 to Bella an5 the latte(As co<<on0
la9 husban5* 'le?an5(o Ty* that they 9e(e aban5one5 chil5(en" Bella an5 'le?an5(o too7
pity on the th(ee =%> an5 b(ought the< up as thei( o9n" This 9as 7no9n 9ithin the fa<ily
ci(cle* but 9as not 5isclose5 to Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie in o(5e( to p(otect the< f(o<
the stig<a of 7no9ing they 9e(e un9ante5 chil5(en" 2o9e1e(* 'le?an5(o an5 Bella 5i5
not legally a5opt the<D hence* they 9e(e ne1e( confe((e5 the (ights of legiti<ate chil5(en"
Ehile the action fo( annul<ent of ?u5g<ent 9as pen5ing befo(e the Cou(t of 'ppeals*
Fannie file5 a co<plaint#+ fo( falsification an5 pe(?u(y against petitione( an5 Rose<a(y"
Fannie allege5 that petitione( an5 Rose<a(y falsely an5 <aliciously state5 in the
pe(tinent plea5ings file5 befo(e the RTC of Pasig City that the late Bella ha5 only t9o =+>
hei(s* na<ely the t9o =+> of the<" Petitione( an5 Rose<a(y fo(th9ith file5 a ?oint <otion
to suspen5 the p(eli<ina(y in1estigation on the g(oun5 of a pen5ing p(e?u5icial @uestion
befo(e the Cou(t of 'ppeals"#% They a(gue5 that the issue of 9hethe( Pete(* Cathe(ine*
an5 Fannie a(e (elate5 to Bella an5 the(efo(e legal hei(s of the latte( 9as pen5ing befo(e
the Cou(t of 'ppeals" The in1estigating p(osecuto( 5enie5 the ?oint <otion an5 foun5
p(obable cause against petitione( an5 Rose<a(y fo( t9o =+> counts each of falsification of
public 5ocu<ents"#: The p(osecuto( hel5 that the issue befo(e the Cou(t of 'ppeals is the
1ali5ity of the co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent 9hich is not 5ete(<inati1e of the c(i<inal case
9hich in1ol1es the liability of petitione( an5 Rose<a(y fo( falsification* allege5ly fo(
9illfully <a7ing the false state<ents in the opposition to the petition fo( lette(s of
a5<inist(ation an5 in the subse@uent co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent file5 befo(e the RTC of
Pasig City"
On Dece<be( +,* +,,)* th(ee =%> info(<ations#) against petitione( an5 Rose<a(y 9e(e
thus file5 9ith the Met(opolitan T(ial Cou(t =MeTC> of Ma7ati City* B(anch 6#"
Petitione( file5 a petition fo( (e1ie9#6 9ith the Depa(t<ent of 3ustice =DO3> an5 a
<otion to 5efe( p(ocee5ings#& befo(e the MeTC on the g(oun5 of the pen5ing appeal
befo(e the DO3" 'lso* petitione( an5 Rose<a(y file5 9ith the MeTC sepa(ate <otions to
suspen5 p(ocee5ings on the g(oun5 of p(e?u5icial @uestion"#$ 2o9e1e(* petitione(As
appeal 9as 5is<isse5 by the DO3*#; 9hile he( <otions befo(e the MeTC 9e(e 5enie5 by
the sai5 cou(t"+, The MeTC ag(ee5 9ith the p(osecuto( that the issue befo(e the Cou(t of
'ppeals in the action fo( annul<ent of ?u5g<ent is the 1ali5ity of the co<p(o<ise
ag(ee<ent 9hile the c(i<inal case in1ol1es thei( liability fo( falsification of public
5ocu<ents" The MeTC also 5enie5 petitione(As <otion fo( (econsi5e(ation"+#
'gg(ie1e5* petitione( file5 a petition fo( ce(tio(a(i an5 p(ohibition++ 9ith the RTC of
Ma7ati City* B(anch 66" In an O(5e(+% 5ate5 o1e<be( #6* +,,6* the RTC 5enie5 the
petition on the g(oun5 that the(e 9as no p(e?u5icial @uestionD hence* the MeTC 5i5 not act
9ith g(a1e abuse of 5isc(etion in 5enying petitione(As <otion to suspen5 p(ocee5ings"
The RTC hel5 that the(e 9as no p(e?u5icial @uestion as the @uantu< of e1i5ence in the
ci1il action fo( annul<ent of ?u5g<ent 5iffe(s f(o< the @uantu< of e1i5ence (e@ui(e5 in
the c(i<inal action fo( falsification of public 5ocu<ents" Petitione(As <otion fo(
(econsi5e(ation+: 9as also 5enie5 by the RTC in its O(5e(+) 5ate5 Ma(ch ;*
+,,&"#a11phi#
Un5aunte5* petitione( file5 a petition fo( ce(tio(a(i an5 p(ohibition befo(e the Cou(t of
'ppeals assailing the RTCAs o(5e(s" In its 'ugust +%* +,,& Resolution*+6 the appellate
cou(t 5is<isse5 the petition on the g(oun5 that the ce(tification of non0fo(u< shopping
9as signe5 only by petitione(As counsel an5 not by petitione( he(self" Petitione(As <otion
fo( (econsi5e(ation 9as also 5enie5 in the 3uly #:* +,,$ Resolution+& of the Cou(t of
'ppeals"
2ence* the p(esent (ecou(se"
Petitione( alleges that8
I
T2E 2OOR'B4E COURT OF 'PPE'4S !R'VE4/ ERRED I DISMISSI! T2E
PETITIO FOR CERTIOR'RI O T2E !ROUD T2'T T2E CERTIFIC'TIO OF
O0FORUM S2OPPI! E'S SI!ED B/ COUSE4 '44E!ED4/ I
VIO4'TIO OF SEC" %* RU4E :6* I RE4'TIO TO SEC" # RU4E 6)* #;;& RU4ES
OF CIVI4 PROCEDURE"
II
T2E 2OOR'B4E COURT OF 'PPE'4S !R'VE4/ ERRED I OT
U44IF/I! T2E 'SS'I4ED ORDERS OF PUB4IC RESPODET 3OSE4ITO
VI44'ROS' O T2E !ROUD T2'T T2E S'ME E'S ISSUED EIT2 !R'VE
'BUSE OF DISCRETIO 'MOUTI! TO 4'C- OF OR EFCESS OF
3URISDICTIO"+$
The petition is <e(ito(ious"
Un5e( Rule :6* Section %* pa(ag(aph % of the #;;& Rules of Ci1il P(oce5u(e* as a<en5e5*
petitions fo( ce(tio(a(i <ust be 1e(ifie5 an5 acco<panie5 by a s9o(n ce(tification of non0
fo(u< shopping"+; The p(i<a(y @uestion that has to be (esol1e5 in this case is 9hethe(
the 1e(ification an5 ce(tification of non0fo(u< shopping* e((oneously signe5 by counsel*
<ay be cu(e5 by subse@uent co<pliance"%,
!ene(ally* subse@uent co<pliance 9ith the (e@ui(e<ent of a ce(tification of non0fo(u<
shopping 5oes not eBcuse a pa(ty f(o< failu(e to co<ply in the fi(st instance"%# '
ce(tification of the plaintiffAs counsel 9ill not suffice fo( the (eason that it is the
petitione(* an5 not the counsel* 9ho is in the best position to 7no9 9hethe( he actually
file5 o( cause5 the filing of a petition"%+ ' ce(tification against fo(u< shopping signe5 by
counsel is a 5efecti1e ce(tification that is e@ui1alent to non0co<pliance 9ith the
(e@ui(e<ent an5 constitutes a 1ali5 cause fo( the 5is<issal of the petition"%%
2o9e1e(* the(e a(e instances 9hen 9e t(eate5 co<pliance 9ith the (ule 9ith (elati1e
libe(ality* especially 9hen the(e a(e ci(cu<stances o( co<pelling (easons <a7ing the
st(ict application of the (ule clea(ly un?ustifie5"%:
In the case of Fa( Easte(n Shipping Co<pany 1" Cou(t of 'ppeals*%) 9hile 9e sai5 that*
st(ictly* a ce(tification against fo(u< shopping by counsel is a 5efecti1e ce(tification* the
1e(ification* signe5 by petitione(As counsel in sai5 case* is substantial co<pliance
inas<uch as it se(1e5 the pu(pose of the Rules of info(<ing the Cou(t of the pen5ency of
anothe( action o( p(ocee5ing in1ol1ing the sa<e issues" Ee then eBplaine5 that
p(oce5u(al (ules a(e inst(u<ents in the spee5y an5 efficient a5<inist(ation of ?ustice
9hich shoul5 be use5 to achie1e such en5 an5 not to 5e(ail it"%6
In Sy Chin 1" Cou(t of 'ppeals*%& 9e catego(ically state5 that 9hile the petition 9as
fla9e5 as the ce(tification of non0fo(u< shopping 9as signe5 only by counsel an5 not by
the pa(ty* such p(oce5u(al lapse <ay be o1e(loo7e5 in the inte(est of substantial ?ustice"%$
Finally* the Cou(t has also on occasion hel5 that the pa(ty nee5 not sign the 1e(ificationD a
pa(tyAs (ep(esentati1e* la9ye( o( any pe(son 9ho pe(sonally 7no9s the t(uth of the facts
allege5 in the plea5ing <ay sign the 1e(ification"%;
2e(e* the 1e(ification an5 ce(tification of non0fo(u< shopping 9as signe5 by petitione(As
counsel" Upon (eceipt of the (esolution of the Cou(t of 'ppeals 5is<issing he( petition fo(
non0co<pliance 9ith the (ules* petitione( sub<itte5* togethe( 9ith he( <otion fo(
(econsi5e(ation* a 1e(ification an5 ce(tification signe5 by he( in co<pliance 9ith the sai5
(ule":, Ee 5ee< this to be sufficient co<pliance especially in 1ie9 of the <e(its of the
case* 9hich <ay be consi5e(e5 as a special ci(cu<stance o( a co<pelling (eason that
9oul5 ?ustify te<pe(ing the ha(5 conse@uence of the p(oce5u(al (e@ui(e<ent on non0
fo(u< shopping":#
On the secon5 assign<ent of e((o( that the Cou(t of 'ppeals e((e5 in 5enying petitione(As
p(aye( fo( a 9(it of ce(tio(a(i an5 p(ohibition* 9e li7e9ise fin5 fo( petitione("
Un5e( Rule ### of the Re1ise5 Rules of C(i<inal P(oce5u(e* as a<en5e5* a c(i<inal
action <ay be suspen5e5 upon the pen5ency of a p(e?u5icial @uestion in a ci1il action* to
9it8
SEC" 6" Suspension by (eason of p(e?u5icial @uestion" 0 ' petition fo( suspension of the
c(i<inal action base5 upon the pen5ency of a p(e?u5icial @uestion in a ci1il action <ay be
file5 in the office of the p(osecuto( o( the cou(t con5ucting the p(eli<ina(y in1estigation"
Ehen the c(i<inal action has been file5 in cou(t fo( t(ial* the petition to suspen5 shall be
file5 in the sa<e c(i<inal action at any ti<e befo(e the p(osecution (ests"
Fo( a p(e?u5icial @uestion in a ci1il case to suspen5 a c(i<inal action* it <ust appea( not
only that sai5 ci1il case in1ol1es facts inti<ately (elate5 to those upon 9hich the c(i<inal
p(osecution 9oul5 be base5* but also that in the (esolution of the issue o( issues (aise5 in
the ci1il case* the guilt o( innocence of the accuse5 9oul5 necessa(ily be 5ete(<ine5":+
The (ationale behin5 the p(inciple of p(e?u5icial @uestion is to a1oi5 t9o =+> conflicting
5ecisions"
Thus* fo( a ci1il action to be consi5e(e5 p(e?u5icial to a c(i<inal case as to cause the
suspension of the c(i<inal p(ocee5ings until the final (esolution of the ci1il case* the
follo9ing (e@uisites <ust be p(esent8 =#> the ci1il case in1ol1es facts inti<ately (elate5 to
those upon 9hich the c(i<inal p(osecution 9oul5 be base5D =+> in the (esolution of the
issue o( issues (aise5 in the ci1il action* the guilt o( innocence of the accuse5 9oul5
necessa(ily be 5ete(<ine5D an5 =%> ?u(is5iction to t(y sai5 @uestion <ust be lo5ge5 in
anothe( t(ibunal":%
If the (esolution of the issue in the ci1il action 9ill not 5ete(<ine the c(i<inal
(esponsibility of the accuse5 in the c(i<inal action base5 on the sa<e facts* o( the(e is no
necessity Gthat the ci1il case be 5ete(<ine5 fi(st befo(e ta7ing up the c(i<inal case*G the
ci1il case 5oes not in1ol1e a p(e?u5icial @uestion":: eithe( is the(e a p(e?u5icial @uestion
if the ci1il an5 the c(i<inal action can* acco(5ing to la9* p(ocee5 in5epen5ently of each
othe(":)
's state5* the 5ete(<ination of 9hethe( the p(ocee5ings <ay be suspen5e5 on the basis of
a p(e?u5icial @uestion (ests on 9hethe( the facts an5 issues (aise5 in the plea5ings in the
ci1il case a(e so (elate5 9ith the issues (aise5 in the c(i<inal case such that the (esolution
of the issues in the ci1il case 9oul5 also 5ete(<ine the ?u5g<ent in the c(i<inal case"
' pe(usal of the allegations in the petition to annul ?u5g<ent sho9s that C'0!"R" SP o"
$&+++ pen5ing befo(e the Cou(t of 'ppeals is p(incipally fo( the 5ete(<ination of the
1ali5ity of the co<p(o<ise ag(ee<ent 9hich 5i5 not inclu5e Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie
as hei(s of Bella" Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie p(esente5 e1i5ence to p(o1e that they a(e
also biological chil5(en of Bella an5 'le?an5(o" On the othe( han5* C(i<inal Case os"
%:%$#+ to %:%$#: befo(e the MeTC in1ol1e the 5ete(<ination of 9hethe( petitione(
co<<itte5 falsification of public 5ocu<ents in eBecuting plea5ings containing unt(uthful
state<ents that she an5 Rose<a(y 9e(e the only legal hei(s of Bella"
It is e1i5ent that the (esult of the ci1il case 9ill 5ete(<ine the innocence o( guilt of the
petitione( in the c(i<inal cases fo( falsification of public 5ocu<ents" The c(i<inal cases
a(ose out of the clai< of Pete(* Cathe(ine* an5 Fannie that they a(e also the legal hei(s of
Bella" If it is finally a5?u5ge5 in the ci1il case that they a(e not biological chil5(en of the
late Bella an5 conse@uently not entitle5 to a sha(e in he( estate as hei(s* the(e is no <o(e
basis to p(ocee5 9ith the c(i<inal cases against petitione( 9ho coul5 not ha1e co<<itte5
falsification in he( plea5ings file5 befo(e the RTC of Pasig City* the t(uth of he(
state<ents (ega(5ing the filiation of Pete(* Cathe(ine an5 Fannie ha1ing been ?u5icially
settle5"
E2EREFORE* the petition is !R'TED" The Resolutions 5ate5 'ugust +%* +,,& an5
3uly #:* +,,$ of the Cou(t of 'ppeals in C'0!"R" SP o" ;$;&$ a(e he(eby REVERSED
an5 SET 'SIDE" The c(i<inal p(ocee5ings against petitione( -(iCia -at(ina Ty0De
.uCua((egui in C(i<inal Case os" %:%$#+ to %:%$#: befo(e the Met(opolitan T(ial Cou(t
of Ma7ati City* B(anch 6# a(e he(eby o(5e(e5 SUSPEDED until the final (esolution of
C'0!"R" SP o" $&+++"
o costs"
SO ORDERED"
M'RTI S" VI44'R'M'* 3R"
'ssociate 3ustice
EE COCUR8
RE/'TO S" PUO
Chief 3ustice
Chai(pe(son
COC2IT' C'RPIO MOR'4ES
'ssociate 3ustice TERESIT' 3" 4EO'RDO0DE C'STRO
'ssociate 3ustice
4UC'S P" BERS'MI
'ssociate 3ustice
C E R T I F I C ' T I O
Pu(suant to Section #%* '(ticle VIII of the #;$& Constitution* I ce(tify that the
conclusions in the abo1e Decision ha5 been (eache5 in consultation befo(e the case 9as
assigne5 to the 9(ite( of the opinion of the Cou(tAs Di1ision"
RE/'TO S" PUO
Chief 3ustice
Footnotes
# Rollo* pp" #,0%)"
+ I5" at %;0:," Penne5 by 'ssociate 3ustice Regala5o E" Maa<bong an5 concu((e5 in by
'ssociate 3ustices Celia C" 4ib(ea04eagogo an5 SiBto C" Ma(ella* 3(" The Resolution
(ea5s as follo9s8
The Cou(t obse(1e5 that the ce(tification of non0fo(u< shopping of the instant petition is
signe5 by counsel instea5 of by the petitione( in 1iolation of Sec" %* Rule :6* in (elation to
Sec" #* Rule 6) of the #;;& Rules of Ci1il P(oce5u(e"
In 1ie9 the(eof* the instant petition is DISMISSED"
SO ORDERED"
% I5" at :%0::" The 5ispositi1e po(tion of the Resolution is as follo9s8
'cco(5ingly* the instant Motion fo( Reconsi5e(ation is he(eby DEIED"
SO ORDERED"
: I5" at %), an5 %#6" The o(5e(s 9e(e penne5 by 3u5ge 3oselito C" Villa(osa"
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+; Rules of Cou(t* Rule 6)* Section #"
%, See (ollo* pp" %%&0%%$"
%# Melo 1" Cou(t of 'ppeals* !"R" o" #+%6$6* o1e<be( #6* #;;;* %#$ SCR' ;:* #,%"
%+ Chan 1" Regional T(ial Cou(t of .a<boanga 5el o(te in Dipolog City* B(" ;* !"R" o"
#:;+)%* 'p(il #)* +,,:* :+& SCR' &;6* $,6"
%% I5" at $,60$,&"
%: I5" at $,$"
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%6 I5" at )%"
%& !"R" o" #%6+%%* o1e<be( +%* +,,,* %:) SCR' 6&%"
%$ I5" at 6$:"
%; Pa?uyo 1" Cou(t of 'ppeals* !"R" o" #:6%6:* 3une %* +,,:* :%, SCR' :;+* ),;"
:, Rollo* p" %:$"
:# T9in To9e(s Con5o<iniu< Co(po(ation 1" Cou(t of 'ppeals* !"R" o" #+%))+*
Feb(ua(y +&* +,,%* %;$ SCR' +,%* +#+"
:+ Saban5al 1" 2on" Tongco* :#; Phil" #%* #$ =+,,#>"
:% P(a5o 1" People* et al"* +#$ Phil )&%* )&& =#;$:>"
:: Sup(a note :+"
:) See Ro?as 1" People* #)6 Phil" ++:* +%# =#;&:>"