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To find the function containing a kernel crash address from the EIP, use 'nm vmlinux | sort | less' to get a sorted list of kernel addresses, then look for the function with a starting address lower than the EIP but followed by a higher address function. Alternatively, gdb can be used on a running kernel after recompiling the kernel with debug symbols enabled to look up the crash address. The document also provides tips for reporting kernel issues and investigating setup details if the above debugging steps cannot be performed.
To find the function containing a kernel crash address from the EIP, use 'nm vmlinux | sort | less' to get a sorted list of kernel addresses, then look for the function with a starting address lower than the EIP but followed by a higher address function. Alternatively, gdb can be used on a running kernel after recompiling the kernel with debug symbols enabled to look up the crash address. The document also provides tips for reporting kernel issues and investigating setup details if the above debugging steps cannot be performed.
To find the function containing a kernel crash address from the EIP, use 'nm vmlinux | sort | less' to get a sorted list of kernel addresses, then look for the function with a starting address lower than the EIP but followed by a higher address function. Alternatively, gdb can be used on a running kernel after recompiling the kernel with debug symbols enabled to look up the crash address. The document also provides tips for reporting kernel issues and investigating setup details if the above debugging steps cannot be performed.
This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending order, from which it is simple to fnd the function that contains the oending address! "ote that the address given #y the kernel de#ugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the function addresses $in fact, that is very unlikely%, so you can&t 'ust &grep& the list: the list will, however, give you the starting point of each kernel function, so #y looking for the function that has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for #ut is followed #y a function with a higher address you will fnd the one you want! In fact, it may #e a good idea to include a #it of (context( in your pro#lem report, giving a few lines around the interesting one! If you for some reason cannot do the a#ove $you have a pre)compiled kernel image or similar%, telling me as much a#out your setup as possi#le will help! Please read the *EP+*TI",)-.,/ document for details! ) 0lternately, you can use gd# on a running kernel! $read)only1 i!e! you cannot change values or set #reak points!% To do this, frst compile the kernel with )g1 edit arch2i34526akefle appropriately, then do a (make clean(! 7ou&ll also need to ena#le 8+"9I,:P*+8:9/ $via (make confg(%! 0fter you&ve re#ooted with the new kernel, do (gd# vmlinux 2proc2kcore(! 7ou can now use all the usual gd# commands! The command to look up the point where your system crashed is (l ;<x========(! $*eplace the ===es with the EIP value!% gd#&ing a non)running kernel currently fails #ecause gd# $wrongly% disregards the starting oset for which the kernel is compi >! If your eth< card is not detected and your system is ok then what will you do? ,ive the steps and possi#ilities! @! Ahere your all install drivers are get stored? ,ive the path of it! ans: 2li#2modules2in the kerenel directory! 3! If in 0P08BE PBP is not getting loaded then what you will do? ,ive the steps and possi#ilities! 0ns: C! 6y/Dl commands and Duery! E! "etworking related Duestions! These are few questions asked @ REDHAT for redhat Technical support position. 1 ) what is initrd if it is not there wht will happend system oot if it is not there or not ! ) kernel panic errror" steps you will follow #) what is fsta how many fileds are there $) if kernel panic .. will u ale to oot in sin%le user or rescue mode & ) what you wil do if u want to run any script or command when system oot ') what is the permission of rc.local rc.local is a file or symlink ()what is tcp and udp ..diff it )) what are osi layert" e*plain osi layer +) which layer start actual hand shakin% 1, ) what is hand shakin% in -. 11 ) what is sticky it" e*plain it 1! ) what is setuid" e*plain it 1# ) what does ',, in permission 1$ ) oot process 1& ) oot default runle/el -. " file name 1' ) in which area you are comfirtale -. 0 1etworkin% 0 application 1( ) at 23. 4 2526 what is cluster how u will monitor cluster status what is the use of 23. if it is stand alone for what purpose cluster use ha/e you e/er work on redhat cluster how u will initiate disk in cluster tell me & /*/m command 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 How The Kernel Version is Numbered 8et us ha/e a closer look at the kernel /ersion numer. # uname r 2.6.18-194.el5 These numers aren9t for nothin%" they indicates many aspects of the kernel /ersion. The 8inu* kernel /ersion numer is a set of $ numers and sometimes may e supplemented y few additional characters First Number Kernel version (2) This is the actual /ersion of the kernel and it is chan%ed only when sustantially ma:or chan%es are made in the kernel code. And this has happened only twice in the history of the kernel. ;irst was in 1++$ with /ersion 1., and the second was in 1++' with /ersion !.,. Second Number Major evision (!) This denotes the 6a:or Re/ision of the kernel. -dd numers indicate that that the /ersion is a non<release testin% /ersion to test the new features and de/ice dri/er supports =e.%. 1.+" !.& etc.). E/en numer here indicates that the release is a production release and is stale kernel =e.%. 1.)" !.' etc.). >ut startin% from the kernel !.'" this phenomenon has chan%ed and kernel !.' onwards the new features testin% are done in the same /ersion numer. Third Number Minor evision ("#) As the name indicates this chan%e only when there is minor re/ision chan%es like new de/ice dri/er support or if some small new features are included. Fourth Number corrections ("$%) This is chan%ed when any u% is patched or any error is corrected in the kernel. &dditional 'haracters (el() These are supplentary additional characters. ?n our case it is el& meanin% @Enterprise 8inu* &A as in RHE8 &. .o the kernel /ersion numer !.'.1).1+$ indicates that the kernel is of /ersion ! series of kernels and is has under%one a ma:or re/ision for the si*th time and minor re/ision for 1)th time" and it has een corrected =or u% fi*ed) 1+$ times. 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 1)Bhat is child name ser/er. C AnsD<ns.domain.com is a child nameser/er of domain.com C C !)where to upload default pa%e in windows =Eleask). C AnsD< when you create a domain with physical hostin% plesk copies C default files into its httpdocs folder. C that is why you %et domain default pa%e C C ut you can customiFe these files. C you can upload ones at Elesk <C .er/er <C .keleton C C #)?f my 1 domain is hosted with A ser/er and my dataase which is on > C ser/er.? want to access my D.>" HowG C $)?f u re%ister imran.com ut not done D1. entry " .o now your domain C is :ust re%ister not li/e C in this case how you will make ns1.imran.com without addin% any entry. C &) ?f u ook any domain and client dont want to show his personal C detail in =who.is) then what will you do. C 6eans if you will do who is domain name " ?t will show you all domain detail. inter/iew questions in 1eural ?T <Airoli C C C 1) How to chan%e the force the password to ne*t lo% on user C C !) Bhat is the Diff et Home Directory 4 workin% directory C C #) How to recursi/ely copy to other location C C $) How to install packa%e with @yumH dpk%G C C &) How to chan%e the file access permissions G C C ') How to e*tract the compressed file C C () Bhat is the linksG And symolic links C C Ans< ;iles are arran%ed in directories =or folders if you prefer that term)" C and each file can e reached throu%h a series of directories and C su<directories from the root < correctG Ies ... >JT ... there are some C times that the same file can e reached throu%h se/eral names" and on Jni* C and 8inu* systems this is known as a KlinkK. C C 1.8inks ha/e different inode numers. !. ls <l command shows all links with C second column /alue 1 and the link points to ori%inal file #. 8ink has the C path for ori%inal file and not the contents. C C $.Remo/in% soft link doesnLt affect anythin% ut remo/in% C ori%inal file the link ecomes dan%lin% link which points to none*istant C file C C )) Bhat is dff et AT 4 cron C C +) Bhat is path G system lo% C C 1,) Bhat is 6A3 address 4 how to check it on 8inu* machine G C C 11) How to modified the ?E 4 net mask online on Jantu C C 1!) 8s Ml file first characters C C 1#) How to %et compresses ackup of users home directory G C C 1$) How to reco/er a file was deleted C C 1&) 3an we create apache ser/er ha/e different /ersions G C C 1') E*plean this statement C C 8s Ml hrs N%rep Mi OJ.ER Ntail <# Nawk Pprint Os"O+DQ C C 1() what is diff et su root 4 su M root C C 1)) what is diff et kill E?D 4 kill <+ E?D C C 1+) what is feel aout @.JD-H
How to stop a processG
How to kill a process other than kill commandG Bhat all parameters does T-E command showsRe*plain itG Bhat is ash shellG Bhy it was called ashG Bhy 1;.G Bhy .A6>A How to remotely access 8inu* ser/erG How to take ackup in 8inu*G Bhat if portale harddisk doesn9t %et detectedG Bhat if unale to pin% linu* ser/erG 6achine runs /ery slowG Si/e ReasonsG Bhat is E?DG Bhat is load on .er/erG How will you check itG Bhat criteria define the T of ser/er loadG 8ike if its $ core ) core processorG Bhat is RA?DG Bhich RA?D is recommendedG BhyG Ha/e you install any hardware on 8inu* machineG Ha/e you install any applications on 8inu* machineG Bhy it is called cloudR..in cloud computin%G ?s it a new technolo%y or oldG Bhat are the main ad/anta%es of 2irtualiFationG Eth, doesn9t %ets detectedG ?fconfi% shows ?E address ut doesn9t pin% to ser/erG BhyG 3an ? install rpm in a different locationG...............................................................1o ?f T-E command is runnin% " can ? run any other commandG Bhat all you monitor on 8inu* .er/erG HowG 1ame some tools to monitorG J.> dri/e unale to detectG Bhat will you doG Jnale to access ser/er which is out of ?ndiaG Si/e trouleshootin% stepsG Bhy did you decided to switch from Bindows to 8inu*G There are few answers of below questions.
Q.what is filesystem in linux? A UNIX file system is a collection of files and directories stored. Each file system is stored in a searate whole dis! artition. The followin" are a few of the file system# $ % &ecial file system that incororates the files under se'eral directories includin" $de'( $sbin( $tm etc $usr % &tores alication ro"rams $'ar % &tores lo" files( mails and other data $tm % &tores temorary files
)*.+hich are the file systems are suorted in linux?
),.-ow to chan"e hostname?tell me location of home file? A. /root0hello 123 hostname hello.co.or" 4. /root0hello123 cat $etc$sysconfi"$networ! NET+567IN89yes -5&TNA:E9hello.co.or" );.<ifferent command to chec! hostname A. hostname 4. cat $roc$sys$!ernel$hostname
/root0hello 123sysctl !ernel.hostname !ernel.hostname 9 hello.co.or" /root0hello 123sysctl !ernel.hostname9NE+=-5&TNA:E to chan"e it. hostname % show or set the system>s host name domainname % show or set the system>s NI&$?@ domain name dnsdomainname % show the system>s <N& domain name nisdomainname % show or set system>s NI&$?@ domain name ydomainname % show or set the system>s NI&$?@ domain name nodename % show or set the system>s <EAnet node name )B.<ifference between symlin! and hard lin!? -ard Cin! is a mirror coy of the ori"inal file. -ard lin!s share the same inode. Any chan"es made to the ori"inal or -ard lin!ed file will reflect the other. E'en if you delete any one of the files( nothin" will haen to the other. -ard lin!s can>t cross file systems. &oft Cin! is a symbolic lin! to the ori"inal file. &oft Cin!s will ha'e a different Inode 'alue. A soft lin! oints to the ori"inal file. If you delete the ori"inal file( the soft lin! fails. If you delete the soft lin!( nothin" will haen. &oft lin!s can cross file systems. )D.-ow to &ee the contain of file without editin"? cat( less( more( tail( head( " EF.-ow to chan"e runle'els usin" command? init Grunle'el no. telinit Grunle'el no.
E).Tell me about runle'els in linux? H F &ystem -alt H ) &in"le user H E Iull multi%user mode G<efault. H *%; &ame as E H J &ystem 6eboot E,.-ow to ta!e database bac!u in mysql? mysqldum %u /Username2 % /assword2 /databasename2 K /bac!ufile.sql2 /username2 % this is your database username /assword2% this is the assword for your database /databasename2 % the name of your database /bac!ufile.sql2 % the filename for your database bac!u
E;.In case of i for"et my root asswd of mysql ser'er then whats your stes for reco'er the asswd?
From: sadhiD)linux)groupFgooglegroups!com Gmailto:sadhiD)linux)groupFgooglegroups!comH On Behalf Of Pratik /hevle Sent: 9riday, 0pril >3, @<>@ I:@J P6 To: sadhiD)linux)groupFgooglegroups!com Subject: *e: K/adhiD Linux ,roupM Interview Duestions faced F 8apgemini
%ood....well done Ameer"Ueep it up D<) -n ;ri" Apr 1#" !,1! at &D#) E6" A6EER .HA?U Vaameershaik@%mail.comC wroteD 1.How many fields in 0etc0passwd and what are theyG AnswerD 0etc0passwd file stores essential information" which is required durin% lo%in i.e. user account information. 0etc0passwd is a te*t file" that contains a list of the systemLs accounts" %i/in% for each account some useful information like user ?D" %roup ?D" home directory" shell" etc. ?t should ha/e %eneral read permission as many utilities" like ls use it to map user ?Ds to user names" ut write access only for the superuser =root). )nderstandin* +ields in ,etc,-asswd The 0etc0passwd contains one entry per line for each user =or user account) of the system. All fields are separated y a colon =D) symol. Total se/en fields as follows. Senerally" passwd file entry looks as follows =click to enlar%e ima%e)D =;i%.,1D 0etc0passwd file format < click to enlar%e) 1. )sernameD ?t is used when user lo%s in. ?t should e etween 1 and #! characters in len%th. 2. .asswordD An * character indicates that encrypted password is stored in 0etc0shadow file. 3. )ser /0 ()/0)D Each user must e assi%ned a user ?D =J?D). J?D , =Fero) is reser/ed for root and J?Ds 1<++ are reser/ed for other predefined accounts. ;urther J?D 1,,<+++ are reser/ed y system for administrati/e and system accounts0%roups. 4. 1rou- /0 (1/0)D The primary %roup ?D =stored in 0etc0%roup file) 5. )ser /0 /n+oD The comment field. ?t allow you to add e*tra information aout the users such as userLs full name" phone numer etc. This field use y fin%er command. 6. Home director2D The asolute path to the directory the user will e in when they lo% in. ?f this directory does not e*ists then users directory ecomes 0 7. 'ommand,shellD The asolute path of a command or shell =0in0ash). Typically" this is a shell. Elease note that it does not ha/e to e a shell.
!.what is nfsGhow can u confi%ure nfsGwhich packa%es are required for nfsG AnswerD 1;. stands for 1etwork ;ile .ystem" a file system de/eloped y .un 6icrosystems
There are three main confi%uration files you will need to edit to set up an 1;. ser/erD /etc/exports" /etc/hosts.allow" and /etc/hosts.deny . .trictly speakin%" you only need to edit /etc/exports to %et 1;. to work" ut you would e left with an e*tremely insecure setup. rpm <qaN%rep <i nfs nfs<utils<li<1.,.)<(.!.F! nfs<utils<1.,.+<##.el& system<confi%<nfs<1.#.!#<1.el& #.How to set /ariales in linu* $.what is SRJ>G Answer 1N) 1)3 =short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader) is a oot loader packa%e from the S1J Ero:ect. SRJ> is the reference implementation of the 6ultioot .pecification" which pro/ides a user the choice to oot one of multiple operatin% systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel confi%uration a/ailale on a particular operatin% systemLs partitions.
&.Tell me difference etween 8?8- and SRJ>G Answer 4/45 1)3 4/45 has no interactive command inter+ace SRJ> has interacti/e command interface 4/45 does not su--ort bootin* +rom a networ6 SRJ> does support ootin% from a network /+ 2ou chan*e 2our 4/45 con+i* +ile7 2ou have to rewrite the 4/45 sta*e one boot loader to the M3 SRJ> automatically detects any chan%e in confi% file and auto loads the -. 4/45 su--orts onl2 linu8 o-eratin* s2stem SRJ> supports lar%e numer of -.
'.How to add users in linu*G AnswerD Jseradd username = e* useradd ameer )
(.what is rpmGand tell me all the parameters of rpmG rpm is a powerful Eacka%e 6ana%er" which can e used to uild" install" query" /erify" update" and erase indi/idual software packa%es. A pack< a%e consists of an archi/e of files and meta<data used to install and erase the archi/e files. The meta<data includes helper scripts" file attriutes" and descripti/e information aout the packa%e. Eacka%es come in two /arietiesD inary packa%es" used to encapsulate software to e installed" and source packa%es" containin% the source code and recipe necessary to produce inary packa%es.
-ne of the followin% asic modes must e selectedD Wuery" 2erify" .i%< nature 3heck" ?nstall0Jp%rade0;reshen" Jninstall" ?nitialiFe Dataase" Reuild Dataase" Resi%n" Add .i%nature" .et -wners0Sroups" .how Wuery< ta%s" and .how 3onfi%uration.
).How can check information aout particular .rpm applicationG rpm Mqi =rpm packa%e name)
+.How to check whether it install or notG rpm MqaN%rep Mi =packa%e name) if installed then it will displayR
1,.what is port no of telnet"nfs".6TE"pop#"opensshG TelnerX!#"nfs<!,$+ " .6TE<!&"pop#<11,"openssh<!! Re%ards Ameer .haik
-n Thu" Apr 1!" !,1! at #D&1 E6" Eratik .he/le Vpratikshe/le@%mail.comC wroteD Round<1 and Round<!
1.How many fields in 0etc0passwd and what are theyG !.what is nfsGhow can u confi%ure nfsGwhich packa%es are required for nfsG #.How to set /ariales in linu* $.what is SRJ>G &.Tell me difference etween 8?8- and SRJ>G '.How to add users in linu*G (.what is rpmGand tell me all the parameters of rpmG ).How can check information aout particular .rpm applicationG +.How to check whether it install or notG 1,.what is port no of telnet"nfs".6TE"pop#"opensshG 11.what is the difference etween 0etc0passwd and 0etc0shadow fileG 1!.what is filesystem in linu*G 1#.Bhich are the file systems are supported in linu*G 1$.How to chan%e hostnameGtell me location of home fileG 1&.Different command to check hostname 1'.How 8inu* hardenin% is doneG 1(.How to .ee the contain of file without editin%G 1).Difference etween symlink and hard linkG 1+.Tell me how to 3onfi%uration .endmailG !,.How to chan%e runle/els usin% commandG !1.Tell me aout runle/els in linu*G !!.Bhat is ldapG !#.Bhat is ;WD1Gand what is sudomainG !$.How to take dataase ackup in mysqlG !&.?n case of i for%et my root passwd of mysql ser/er then whats your steps for reco/er the passwdG
Round<1 and Round<! 1.How many fields in 0etc0passwd and what are theyG !.what is nfsGhow can u confi%ure nfsGwhich packa%es are required for nfsG #.How to set /ariales in linu* $.what is SRJ>G &.Tell me difference etween 8?8- and SRJ>G '.How to add users in linu*G (.what is rpmGand tell me all the parameters of rpmG ).How can check information aout particular .rpm applicationG +.How to check whether it install or notG 1,.what is port no of telnet"nfs".6TE"pop#"opensshG 11.what is the difference etween 0etc0passwd and 0etc0shadow fileG 1!.what is filesystem in linu*G 1#.Bhich are the file systems are supported in linu*G 1$.How to chan%e hostnameGtell me location of home fileG 1&.Different command to check hostname 1'.How 8inu* hardenin% is doneG 1(.How to .ee the contain of file without editin%G 1).Difference etween symlink and hard linkG 1+.Tell me how to 3onfi%uration .endmailG !,.How to chan%e runle/els usin% commandG !1.Tell me aout runle/els in linu*G !!.Bhat is ldapG !#.Bhat is ;WD1Gand what is sudomainG !$.How to take dataase ackup in mysqlG !&.?n case of i for%et my root passwd of mysql ser/er then whats your steps for reco/er the passwdG ypes of D1. Domain name system translate domain name to ip address. There are different types of dns ser/er a/ailale we can install any of them as per our requirement. ") 3/N0 9: 3/N0 is the reference implementation of a D1. ser/er and usually ser/es as the ase for e*perimentation with D1. protocol e*tensions. >?1D is free and has een ported to many operatin% systemsY see the respecti/e entries in the inde*. 6ost >?1D ser/ers run on some /ariant of Jni*" althou%h >?1D on Bindows is also a/ailale. JrlD< httpD00www.ind+.net0download 2) djbdns;9 The two main name ser/er functions of cachin% and actin% as an authoritati/e ser/er are sensily split into two separate pro%rams =dnscache and tinydns). The d:dns packa%e is free" and comes with a O&,, security %uarantee. httpD00httpD00www.d:dnsrocks.or%0sin%le0download.htm <) &NS,'NS;9 A1.031. full form is Authoritati/e 1ame .er/er0 3achin% 1ame .er/er. A1.031. are commercial D1. ser/ers from 1ominum" for enterprise applications that need ma*imum performance. JrlD< httpD00www.nominum.com0products.phpGid7' %) .ower0NS;9 EowerD1. has de/eloped a complete suite of technolo%ies surroundin% ?nternet 1amin% and email. ?nternet 1amin% is at the core of all online acti/ities and is in/ol/ed in each and e/ery transaction on the net. JrlD< httpD00www.powerdns.com0 () NS0;9 NS0 full form is 1ame .er/er Daemon. 1.D is an authoritati/e only" hi%h performance" simple and open source name ser/er. JrlD< httpD00www.nlnetlas.nl0 !) Mara0NS;9 6araD1. is a packa%e that implements the Domain 1ame .er/ice =D1.)" an essential internet ser/ice. 6araD1. is easy to use hi%hly secure. JrlD< httpD00www.maradns.or%0 =) M20NS;9 6yD1. is a free D1. ser/er for J1?5. 6yD1. does not include recursi/e name ser/ice" nor a resol/er lirary. ?t is primarily desi%ned for or%aniFations with many Fones and0or resource records who desire the aility to perform real<time dynamic updates on their D1. data /ia 6y.W8. JrlD< httpD00mydns.oy.net0 #) 340NS0 ;9 6eanin% is @D1. daemon suitale for runnin% D1.<ased locklistsH. rldnsd is a small D1.< protocol daemon which is desi%ned to handle queries to D1.<ased ?E<listin% or 1A6E<listin% ser/ices. .uch ser/ices are a simple way to share0pulish a list of ?E addresses or =domain) names which are @listedH for for some reason" for e*ample in order to e ale to refuse a ser/ice to a client which is @listedH in some locklist. JrlD< httpD00www.corpit.ru0m:t0rldnsd.html $) .dnsd;9 -dnsd is a pro*y D1. ser/er that caches entries permanently to disk. pdnsd allows you to confi%ure one address as the D1. ser/er for all your internet software. This can e localhost" ut ? personally use a separate machine that ?9/e confi%ured as a %ateway to the internet for my home 8A1. pdnsd can then e confi%ured to contact your ?.E9s D1. ser/ers when you make a dial<up connection. JrlD< httpD00www.phys.uu.nl0Zromouts0pdnsd.html ">) 0ents;< Dents is a from scratch implementation of the ser/er side of the Domain 1ame .ystem =D1.) protocol and it shares no code with any other pro:ect. Amon% its se/eral features are compatiility with the named D1. daemon" a modular dri/er system and an e*tensile control facility which allows the administrator to control the runnin% ser/er. JrlD< httpD00sourcefor%e.net0pro:ects0dents0 or httpD00www.europe.redhat.com0documen....1<1.i#)'.php# "") Microso+t?s 0NS server ;9 The D1. ser/er in Bindows !,,# has seen increasin% adoption since its first release for Bindows !,,, in 1+++. ?t is re%arded as stale and is well<inte%rated with 6icrosoft9s ser/er administration tools. JrlD< httpD00www.microsoft.com0downloads0d...displaylan%7en "2) Sim-le 0NS .lus;9 .imple D1. Elus is commercial software for Bindows =any /ersion from Bindows +& to !,,#). ?t seems fully functional and tar%eted to small sites and home users with permanent ?nternet connections. ?t has some inno/ati/e features" ut ? ha/e no first hand e*perience with it. JrlD< httpD00www.simpledns.com CCCCC 1) what is /irtualiFationG CCCCC !) how you will check the load on the linu* machineG CCCCC #) oot process CCCCC $) what are different types of cloud computin%G CCCCC &) do you ha/e any knowled%e of /irtuliFation =*en" hyper/isor)G CCCCC ') what are different types of raidG CCCCC () e*plain raid 1 ! & CCCC CCCC )) mail ser/er postfi*G CCCC +) what is top commandG CCCC 1,) l/m CCCCC CCCCC Hi ?mran" They will e %oin% to take ur inter/w as per ur e*p. means whate/er had u done in ur company. complete knowled%e of it. Apacha<< then load checkin and all confi%uration then 6y.ql<<ackup" restore" query sol/in% cmds and replication of it. D1.<< what do mean y dot ser/er and D1. workin% and any one scenarion it will %i/e u. 1.lookup<<how it works. RA?D=1 and &)" diff. etween oth its 1scenarion it will %i/e u on raid &. if there is 1,S> [ # ser/ers are present and 1 ser/er is ha/in% !,S> what is ur steps to secure data and failo/er and all. 1;.<<its conf. file n entry of it how u will e %oin% to do that and its ser/ice. 1) what is /irtualiFationG !) how you will check the load on the linu* machineG #) oot process $) what are different types of cloud computin%G &) do you ha/e any knowled%e of /irtuliFation =*en" hyper/isor)G ') what are different types of raidG () e*plain raid 1 ! & )) mail ser/er postfi*G +) what is top commandG 1,) l/m what is initrd if it is not there wht will haend system boot if it is not there or not E . !ernel anic errror( stes you will follow *. what is fstab how many fileds are there ,. if !ernel anic .. will u able to boot in sin"le user or rescue mode ; . what you wil do if u want to run any scrit or command when system boot J. what is the ermission of rc.local rc.local is a file or symlin! D.what is tc and ud ..diff it B. what are osi layert( exlain osi layer M. which layer start actual hand sha!in" )F . what is hand sha!in" in 5& )) . what is stic!y bit( exlain it )E . what is setuid( exlain it )* . what does JFF in ermission ), . boot rocess ); . boot default runle'el 5& ( file name )J . in which area you are comfirtable 5& $ Networ!in" $ alication )D . abt NA& O NXN: what is cluster how u will monitor cluster status what is the use of NA& if it is stand alone for what urose cluster use ha'e you e'er wor! on redhat cluster how u will initiate dis! in cluster tell me ; 'x'm command
1..hell .criptin%. !.>ackup in 8inu* Throu%h Tar command. #.? want to :ust %i/e read permission to particular user in a %roup while %roup ha/e all read" write" e*ecute permission of one t*t file. $..ee the contain of file without editin%. &.?n one folder" Be ha/e & directories and & files" Bhat is the comand to see only files in this folder. '.Difference etween symlink and hard link. (.?n Uillall <+" Bhat is the meanin% of +G ).?n /i mode" a.How to %o end of line .if there is 1,,, lines" How to search line numer (!) +.?f qmail is not workin%" How will you rectify its workin% or notG 1,..enmail 3onfi%uration. 11.Bhat is 6>R. 1!.Different command to check hostname 1#.?f ser/er load is hi%h" Bhat steps you will follow for troule shootin%.
Bhat command is used to list the contents of directoryG 3odeD ls ls <l Bhat command is used to list the top 1, files 0 directories siFe wiseG 3odeD for 5 in O=du <s [ N sort <nr N cut <f !)Y do du <hs O5 Y done Bhat command is used to display a list of currently runnin% processesG 3odeD ps top pstree p%rep 0proc file system Bhat is a lo%in shellG A pro%ram %et e*ecuted when a user lo%s into J1?5 o*. E.%. ash" sh" ksh" csh Bhat is J?DG Jser identification numer which is assi%ned to each J1?5 0 8inu* userY it may or may not e unique =unique numer is recommended to a/oid security related issues). J?D and user relationship defined in 0etc0passswd file. 3odeD man id man users man %roups >elow are the questions that were asked in Ato. -ri%in.
1st round of technical ?nter/iew = Atos ?nter/iew Wuestions. )
1. Bhat is the name of the seri/ce which is responsile to create the lo%s 0 e/ents G !. Bhat is sticky<itG #. How will you allow a user to lo%in without password G $. Bhat are the reasons as to which a we pa%e does not open G &. Bhat is inode G '. Bhat is an 65 record G Bhy is it used G (. Bhat will you do if your machine is /ery hi%h load and the top command is takin% too lon% to %i/e the output G 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777
!nd round of technical ?nter/iew = Atos ?nter/iew Wuestions. )
1. How will you trouleshoot prolems related to 5en ser/er G
!. Bhat are the ser/ices necessary for nfs to work G Bhat is the command to see the shares in nfs from a client machine G
#. ?n a client machine " a directory is shared usin% an nfs ser/er" ut the client is unale to touch a file . Bhat could e the reason G The permission in 0etc0e*ports has KrwK permission and the directory has KrwK permission for the root .
$. ? ha/e 1, nfs ser/ers. The client does not know ?E address nor the hostname of these nfs ser/ers . ;rom a client machine" how will i e ale to see which nfs ser/er has what shares G
&. Bhat is K.tale ;ileK error in nfs G Bhen do you face this prolem and how will you trouleshoot this issue G
'. ? ha/e a directory called as KAppleK which is owned y user A . The owner and %roup of this directory is LAL. a. Bill another user K>K e ale to touch a file in this directory G . ? want user K>K should e ale to touch a file in this directory " with the owner of the file ein% K>K and %roup as KAK . How it can e done = Addin% the user K>K in KALsK %roup option is ruled out .)
(. Bhat is inode and what is the scope of inode G 3an we chan%e the inode of a file G Does a directory ha/e an inode G There is a partition with ) S free space " and a user is tryin% to create a file " ut he is not ale to do it . Bhy G
). Bhat is ?E aliasin% G Bhy is it used G Bhat is ondin% G
+. Bhat is .ama G Bhat are the different types of shares in samaG Bhere is .amaLs lo% file located G
1,. A client machine is connected to a sama ser/er" ut he is not ale to access his shares. Bhat could e the reason G How will you trouleshoot this issue G
11. Bhat are the steps to create an 826 G ?f your machine is connected to a .A1 stora%e " then what are the neccessary steps to create an 826 G
1!. ?f your hard disk has some issues " what are the possile checks you will carry out G
1#. Bhat is load a/era%e G Bhat is 3EJ utiliFation G How do they differ G
1$. Bhat will you do if your 0tmpfs partition %ets full G
1&. ? am not ale to %et ssh of a remote ser/er . How will i %et the console of the ser/er. = ssh is not workin% and /nc is also not allowed .) . Bhat is the otherway you can access the ser/er G
1'. ? want to know which process is usin% more memory resources usin% top command G Bhat is the switch to e used alon% with top command G
1(. Bhat are the steps to e taken for domain mi%ration in D1. G
1). Bhat is E5E oot installation G
Thanks 4 re%ards" .antosh 6uru%eshan.
if i want to create the flie of !% with the help odd dd command then what should e the comand for the sameGGG ? ha/e used the followin% command dd if70de/0Fero of7ac s71,!$ count7!S> it create the file ut it show the file siFe !.!% is the >. 4 3-J1T field proper in this cmdGGG please ad/ice aout the s 4 count parameters also 1) >oot Erocess in depth upto lo%in screen !) difference etween .ETJ?D 4 .JD- #) 826 = l/reduse steps and l/e*tend steps ) $) why use resiFe!fs G &) difference etween T-E 4 E. ') ha/e you seen ao/e 1,,T cpu usa%e in top command " if yes then how is that possile () .ticky it = apply on directory or on file G ) )) Transparent pro*y steps +) fsck /s e!fsck 1,) difference etween super user 4 root user 11) if normal user canLt read 0etc0shadow file then how will they reset own password 1!) .ETJ?D is set on shadow file G =y0n)G 1< Bhat is 826 and how to increase 826 partitionG !< what is raid G difference etween raid # < what is apache G what difference etween ip ased and named ased /irtual ased hostin%G how will fine tune it .... here is %ood link for it i httpsD00www.shell<tips.com0!,,'0110!&0fine<tunin%<a<linu*<apache<mysql<php<lamp<ser/er0 $< what is dns what are the record that you know &< e*plain what happens when you type %oo%le.com in the rowser. G now e*plain what happen when you do the di% command '< deference etween refresh and retry in dns G plF refer link httpD00www.netdummy.net0dnsrecords.html (< oot process )< top command and details aout it also /mstats 4 iostat +< how many partition mounted in linu* system and how many partition created in u r linu* system with out referrin% to fdisk 1,< what is /irtualiFation which /irtualiFation do u know 11< what is types of file in /mware 1!< what is difference etween es*$ and es*$i 1#< now what is difference etween es*$ and es*&i 1$< what is difference etween es*&1 n es*& this is what i can recollect it as if now inter/iew question at \E 1< some thin% aout u r self and u r profile that work place !< what u know /aritas cluster # difference etween /artas cluster and /aritas /olume mana%er $< how to reinstall the current rhel & ser/er to fedora with our reootin% it. &< do u know l/m how will reco/er the corrupt l/m '< do u know dns what is stu record << i am not sure on this one will ha/e check (< do u know nfs how to run nfs on tcp )< how to check how many lun e*posed to u r ser/er +< multipathin% do u know it G how will u check the multipathin% runnin% in u r system and also some information on multipathin% command 1,< oot process and how will u e*tract the inirt ima%e 11< do u know apache and its paramater and sore more which i was unale to recollect it ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] Ahich of the following commands would you use to determine what application or process created a core dump? Ahat is the signifcance of sDuare #rackets around a process when looking at a listing produced #y the ps command? The process has died The task is a kernel task and cannot #e killed The task is sleeping The task is #eing run from another virtual terminal Ahich of the following is reDuired to decrypt a fle that was initially encrypted with the ,P, key for fooF#ar!org? The secret key for fooF#ar!org The pu#lic key for fooF#ar!org The secret key and passphrase for fooF#ar!org The pu#lic key and passphrase for fooF#ar!org Ahich of the following is a valid reason to update your Linux kernel? Increased hardware support The a#ility to dual)#oot the Linux system "eed to use INE devices "eed to use /8/I devices Ahich of these fles do you edit to make a permanent change to an environment varia#le for the root user? 2etc2initta# 2etc2!#ash:profle 2root2!#ash:profle 2root2!#ash!env 0 server has unexpectedly crashed and it takes your team a#out C< minutes to get it #ack up) and)running! 0 large num#er of customers were aected, therefore during this time you are inundated with Dueries asking what is going on with their server, as well as a num#er of regular tech Dueries! Bow do you deal with this situation? 0t what point would you write to the aected customers and what would you tell them? 7ou are contacted #y an annoyed customer who complains a#out a recent outage of your service and mentions that he has lost many #usiness contracts, 'ust #ecause your company didn&t have a disaster recovery policies! Ahat do you think would #e the #est way to handle this situation? 0s a customer service rep it is inevita#le that at times you will #e presented with rude and2or a#usive customers who may use insulting language! 0 customer writes in using mildly a#usive language and is #laming your company for a pro#lem that is o#viously their own fault! Ahat do you think your primary goal should #e in situations such as this? Ahat do you think would #e the #est way to handle this situation Bi /uresh, Please try this for local users and reply, $>% create directories with follwing permission and ownership O ls )ld 2opt2center2 ))))))))))))))))$This is chroot directory% drwxr)xr)x 3 root root C<J5 Pun 3< >E:35 2opt2center2 O ls )ld 2opt2center2pu#lic2 drwxrwxr)x 3 ftp ftp C<J5 Pun 3< >5:>< 2opt2center2pu#lic2 $@% vim 2etc2vsftpd2vsftpd!conf anonymous:ena#leQ"+ local:ena#leQ7E/ local:rootQ2opt2center write:ena#leQ7E/ chroot:list:ena#leQ7E/ chroot:list:fleQ2etc2vsftpd2chroot:list ))))my username sachin $3% usermod ), ftp sachin $C% service vsftpd restart Thanks