Media in the Philippines

See main article: Philippine Media

Media is defined by Encarta as the various means of mass communications considered as a whole, including
television, radio, magazines, and newspapers, together with the people involved in their production. The term, in this
context, is taken as synonymous to mass media, so called because it is designed to reach the mass of people.
In the Philippines, mass media forms can be divided into three major categories: print, electronic, and special media.
The print media includes newspapers (both broadsheets and tabloids) and magazines. Electronic media, strictly
speaking, encompasses both analog and digital types of media that use electronic equipment for its distribution.
Hence, this comprises radio, television, cinema, and the internet. Special media refers to forms that cannot be
classified as either print or electronic. Examples of special media forms are the billboards, t-shirts, balloons that also
carry messages meant for the masses. The most widely used media forms in the Philippines, however, are print and
some forms of electronic media.
Media has a tripartite role in Philippine society: political, economic, and social. It is the political aspect that media
satisfies when it disseminates information, creates and reflects public opinion, and serves as as a watchdog on
government. This role is mostly carried out by the different news and public information media forms, both in print and
broadcasting, through the varied journalists, reporters and broadcasters of Philippine media.
Entertainment in Media
See main article: Philippine Entertainment
One of the major functions of Philippine media is entertainment. It is mainly through this that media assumes its
social, as well as its economic role. The bulk of the entertainment industry in the Philippines is centered around mass
media, mainly through print (magazines), broadcasting (radio and television), film, and music.
Philippine entertainment is littered with celebrities from television, cinema, and the music scene, appearing in
varied TV shows, movies, concerts, special events, and even in the realm of politics. Some of these celebrities are
connected with a specific television network or recording company.
The Filipinos are heavily engrossed in entertainment. In fact, oftentimes, the line between media and entertainment
becomes blurred, what with the entry of Philippine TV or movie celebrities into the political arena. Even news
reportage can oftentimes morph into entertainment.
Philippine Constitution
The Philippines as a nation acknowledges the power of media, especially due to the role it played in the course of
Philippine history. The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines states that it recognizes the vital role of
communication and information in nation-building. The country also recognizes the basic rights of freedom of speech
and of the press. Additionally, in Article XVI, the constitution expressly states that the State should provide for the full
development of Filipino capability and the emergence of communication structures that can support the needs and
aspirations of the nation.
Types of Media
Print
See main article: Print media in the Philippines
Print media began in the Philippines during the Spanish era, through Spanish-language newsletters. National
newspapers during that era, however, aided greatly to the Philippine Revolution. The first English language
newspapers came out in 1898, which ushered in the era of modern media.
Of the print media, the most popular are the newspapers, both broadsheets or tabloids, being the cheapest and most
accessible to the public. Several newspapers enjoy national distribution, although each region in the country also has
its own regional newspapers. Apart from these, the print industry, through varied trade, educational, and
magazine publishers, produces glossy and non-glossy magazines, comic books, pocketbook series, textbooks, trade
books, and periodicals.

Broadcasting
Among the electronic media forms, radio and television enjoy the highest patronage, with every Filipino home having
one or both appliances.
Radio
See main article: Philippine Radio
Radio broadcasting began in the Philippines in 1922. Since then, radio has become the most accessible electronic
media. Filipinos either own or enjoy its services even in public transportation or areas. Aside from the newspaper, it is
the most favored source of information, opinion, and entertainment.
Philippine radio stations broadcast in either FM or AM bands. Some stations, especially in the AM band, broadcast
mostly talk or news programs. Music radio stations are usually found in the FM band. Often, radio stations specialize
in a particular type of music, such as pop, classical, new wave, or mellow. Radio stations also broadcast either
nationally or regionally.
Television
See main article: Philippine Television
The first television broadcast in the Philippines occurred in the 1950s. Since then, the television industry has been
considered as a very strong influence on society. There are hundreds of local stations that populate the airwaves,
most of them belonging to a broadcast network, the largest of which are ABS-CBN and GMA, also the most
popular television stations.
Television networks and stations broadcast through satellite or free channels and cable channels. Most channels
broadcast in both English and Filipino languages, and programming is mostly general interest. Networks, though,
often reserve certain stations for a specific format, such as music, news, animation, children's programs, educational
TV, etc. Philippine TV programs range from canned foreign series to locally produced soap operas
or telenovelas, fantaseryes, news and information programs, variety shows, game shows, educational shows and
reality TV, starred in by a bevy of Philippine celebrities. Most of these celebrities are connected to a specific television
network.
The content of television programs is monitored by the Movie and Television Review and Classification
Board (MTRCB), which also assigns ratings to the TV shows.

Cinema
See main article: Philippine Cinema
Considered as the youngest of Philippine arts, film first appeared in the Philippines in 1904. As a media form,
Philippine cinema, at present, is thriving industry. Movies in the Philippines are mostly produced by one of the
major film studios. The most popular genre among movies is the drama. However, there is also a big niche
for comedy, romance, horror, andhistorical films. Philippine cinema has also been used to promote or foster certain
political or historical insights.
Film stars are among the most popular celebrities in Philippine entertainment. The country also has its share of
renowned film makers and films which have gained recognition in several international film festivals.
Currently, independent films are gaining a stronger footing in the industry, with the establishment of groups
like Cinemalaya.

Advertising
See main article: Philippine Advertising
Philippine advertising ranges from print to television commercials to billboards or special media. These ads are
commissioned through varied advertising agencies around the country. Often Philippine entertainment celebrities are
paid to endorse products.

New Media
See main article: Internet in the Philippines
New media refers mainly to digital media forms such as computers and the Internet. The Philippines is relatively new
to this media, officially entering the world of global Internet only in 1994. However, in a span of less than 10 years, the
country has made up for it by being avid users of the Internet and digital communications in general.


In 2004 the Philippines had 225 television stations, 369 AM radio broadcast stations, 583 FM
radio broadcast stations, 10 internet radio stations, 5 shortwave stations and 7 million
newspapers in circulation.
[1]

Some media outlets, such as IBC (television) and the Philippine Broadcasting Service (radio), are
government-run. Most outlets are privately owned.
[1]

The most widely read newspapers are the Manila Bulletin, The Philippine Star, Philippine Daily
Inquirer, The Manila Times, andBusinessWorld.
[1]

Media culture[edit]
Much media ownership is concentrated in the hands of prominent families and businesses.
Consequently, some reports tend to be one-sided presentations favoring special interests. The
privately owned press also tends toward sensationalism at times.
[1]

Freedom of the press[edit]
Further information: Human rights in the Philippines
The Office of the President is responsible for managing the governments policy toward the
press. Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are enshrined in the 1987 constitution. Although
independent observers credit the government with respecting freedom of the press in general, the
government has been criticized for failing to investigate thoroughly summary killings
of journalists and for subjecting journalists to harassment and surveillance.
Violence against journalists[edit]
The fifth annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index released by the international press freedom
watchdog Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has ranked the Philippines among the worst-ranked
countries for 2006 at 142nd place. It indicates the continuing murders of journalists and increased
legal harassment in the form of libel suits as part of the problem in the Philippines.
[2]
Between 1986
to 2005, 52 journalists have been murdered.
[3]


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difference between regional, national and local news
Local News is what happens in your city, county or state.

Regional News is what happens in the states around your state.

National News is what happen in the rest of the US and in Washington.

International News is that which happens in the rest of the world.


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