Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers

5-1

Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
Heat exchan work input

heat transfer) device) H

flui transfer)
hot fluid hot medium
cold fluid cold medium

(heat (transfer)
Heat exchanger
transfer) transfer
(phase transfer)
heat exchanger Saturated s
l (transfer)
h
(types) selection
criteria)


-
liquid) vapor)


- condens


Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-2
. (Fundamentals)

Where Rate of heat transfer
Overall coefficient of heat transfer from hot fluid to cold fluid
Heat transfer area of the heat exchanger associated with U

Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

Overall coefficient of heat transfer fluid fluid overall coefficient
of heat transfer

) (

)
(

)(

)

heat t
overall coefficient of h
Log Mean Temperature D L
counter



T1= Hot fluid (in)
T2= Hot fluid (out)
t1= Cold fluid (in)
t2= Cold fluid (out)


- Temperature distribution in conunter flow heat
exchanger
-) (temperatu temperature differential)
heating fluid H (t2) cold
flu (T2) T2 < t2 100% true counter
heat excha temperature cross


application
lo

)
surface area)
performance)

Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
5-3
heat exch
surface area)
A

heat transfer surface)
. Heat Exchanger

() Counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger
() Counter flow plate heat exchanger fluid

.. Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Shell and tubular)
welded)
welded) U tube
(both ends straight tube)
tube
longitudinal center
S
Tube
() U Tube Heat Exchangers


- U-Tube shell and tube heat exchangers
( Straight Tube Exchangers

-() Straight Tube Exchangers -() Straight Tube Exchangers
( Shell and Coil Exchangers

- Shell and coil exchangers - Shell and coil exchangers
Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-4

- Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger

-() U tube heat exchanger
-() Heat exchanger baffles

- Flow path of gasketed plat heat exchanger - Flow path of welded plate heat exchanger
.. Plate Heat Exchangers
Plate heat exchanger
Plate plate heat exchanger Hot
fluid cold fluid
plate w


opening or port)


plate pack
(bar)
ca
pressure drop)
Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
5-5
Plate


gasket material
Ga Nitrile butyl rubber
( gasket Ethylene-propylene
terpolymer (EPDM) gasket Gaske

counter

- Flow Path of Heat Exchanger - Components of a gasketed plate heat exchanger
Plate
Plate cassette

N- standard
R

Brazing Plate
b-
plate)
(brazing) closed
(plate)

Double
Double shell and plate heat exchanger

Double single




Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-6

- Double wall plate heat exchanger
- welding
p
. Heat Exchanger (Components)
HVAC
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
kPa


- Exploded view of straight tube heat exchanger -
.. Shell and Tube Components
(-) shell and

() Shells () Tube sheets
() Baffles tube supports tie rods spacers () Heads
() Tubes
Shell (c
(inlet nozzle) outlet nozzle)
nozzle)

spacers stainless steel)
V b
V shell
pressure drop)
Tube steel pipe)
Tube diameter gauge) material
exchanger (performance)
Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
5-7
Tube sheet baffle Tube sheet

pitch
Head
c



- Plate heat exchanger - Plate heat exchanger
(-)
.. Plate Heat Exchanger Component
c
Fixed Frame Plates
-
cold
fixed frame pla -

NPT connection
St

( Movable Pressure Plate
movable)

Movable pressure plate

Plate Pack
channel p
titanium

thermal performance
Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-8
(pressure drop)
( olt
Compression bolt mov f

Carrying and Guide Bar
Carrying and guide bar
carrying bar guide bar stainless steel)
aluminum) carbon steel) zinc
chromate -

Support Column
Support column

Splash guard
Splash guard aluminum)
Drip pan
Drip pan stainless steel) shut down)


. Application)
primary energy source)

heat exchanger
ASHRAE handbook heat exchanger
() (boiler) (steam) central water system
hot water condense
() hot water system
() (special temperature requirement) hot
fluid cold fluid isolation
() (energy saving application)
() Refrigeration application (evaporators condensers liquid coolers)

. (Selection Criteria)
Heat exchanger

Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
5-9
.. Thermal/Mechanical Design
Shell and tube heat exchanger
Plate heat exchanger

.. Thermal Performance
H
(heat transfer surface area) heat
transfer surface) material)
stainless steel) (flow rate velo
(v


..

Fixed tube sheet heat exchan
(temperature differences)
gasketed plate unit
.. (Pressure Drop)
Shell and f
pressure drop) p
pressure drop)
p surface area) thermal performance
pressure dr

..
Heat transfer
(performance) heat transfer (surface)

Fouling factor
Fouling allowance shell
and tube exchanger (suspended solid) plate unit
Plate unit (flow channel) Plate
exchanger fluid velocity
Shell and tube exchanger tube (surface area)
fluid velocity thermal performance

Shell and
shell
Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-10
Plate unit velocity (flow channel)
(heat transfer surface area)
channel V
performance
.. (Cost)
Approach temperature plate heat exchanger
(initial cost) Approach temperature
shell and tube unit Stainless steel
plate unit
.. Serviceability
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger service Tube
configuration Plate heat exchanger
plate Gasket plate
Capacity plate
.. (Space Requirements)
(small-diameter) tube shell and tube heat
exchanger (cost effective)

(large diameters) heat exchanger Plate heat exchanger

.. Steam
HVAC application (steam) shell and tube unit
(industrial) (food process)
(steam) plate heat exchanger
. (Installation)
.. Control
Temperature sensor h
Temperature sensor
secondary flow Valve secondary flow
regulate
.. Piping
Heat exchanger
(air vent)

.. Pressure Relief

Chapter-5 Heat Exchangers
5-11
heat exchanger
safety pressure relief valve shutoff valve
.. Flow Path
Hot fluid cooled fluid
heat exchanger (performance)
.. Condensate Removal
(steam) heat exchanger
(steam) condensate
Condensate (drain)
(capacity)
modulating steam control valve system vacuum breaker
(draining)
steam trap Steam trap
condensate removal ASHRAE chapter 10
.. Insulation
fluid heat exchanger insulate
2005 ASHRAE handbook Fundamentals chapter 23 insulation

. ()
Shell and tube heat exchanger ()

.. Heat Exchanger Tube Diameter
Heat exchanger tube diameter
velocity
(pressure drop) T

.. Thickness of the Tube
Heat corrosion) flow resistance)
axial force) pressure
.. Heat Exchanger Shell Diameter and Tube Length
Shell (diameter) tube heat exchanger
Tube
.. Tube Corrugation
Tube corrugation shell and tube heat exchanger performance
Corrugated cardboard tube fluid turbulence

Chillers and Chilled Water Systems
5-12
.. Tube Layout
Tube layout heat exchanger tube
layout Triangular twisted triangular square
rotated square Triangular tube (heat transfer) Square
tubing
.. Tube Pitch
(interconnected tube) (center
pitch (outside diameter) (.)

.. Heat Exchanger Baffles
shell and tube heat exchanger Baffle tube
(sagging) (vibrating)
(pressure drop) (heat transfer) baffle
(spacing)

- Heat exchanger baffles

- Heat exchanger baffles

End