DATE: September 12, 2007

Objectives:
At the end of the class the students should be able to:
1. State the operational definition of acids and bases.
2. Give the different properties of acid and base.
3. Discuss the significance of knowing the characteristics of acids and bases in relation to
the environment.
Subject Matter
Topic: Acids and Bases in Matter
References: Any Integrated Science or Physical Science Textbook
Tasks:
Daily routine
Checking of attendance
Recall
1. How are matters classified?
2. What are pure substances?
3. What are the different types of elements?
4. What are compounds?
5. What are the different types of compounds?
Lesson proper
1. What are acids and bases?
2. Give the different properties of acids and bases.
3. Give some uses of acids and bases.
Strategy
Lecture – Discussion
Generalization:
• PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Acids release a hydrogen ion into water (aqueous) solution.
Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction. An acid and a base combine to make
a salt and water. A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with the anion of an
acid and the cation of a base. The hydrogen ion of the acid and the hydroxide ion of the
base unite to form water.
Acids corrode active metals.
Acids turn blue litmus to red.
Acids taste sour.
• PROPERTIES OF BASES
Bases release a hydroxide ion into water solution.
Bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction.
Bases denature protein. This accounts for the "slippery" feeling on hands when exposed to
base. Strong bases that dissolve in water well, such as sodium or potassium lye are very
dangerous because a great amount of the structural material of human beings is made of
protein. Serious damage to flesh can be avoided by careful used of strong bases.
Bases turn red litmus to blue.
Bases taste bitter. Tasting of bases is more dangerous than tasting acids due to the
property of stronger bases to denature protein.
• ACID: A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word "acidus"
which means "sharp".
• BASE: A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is ALKALI.
• WEAK ACID: An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not
every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (3-6).
• AMPOTERIC: Substances that can react with an acid or a base.
Evaluation:
Identify the following compounds whether it is an acid or base.
1. LiOH 4. RbOH
2. HI 5. lye
3. HCl
REMARKS:
6. vinegar
7. bile
8. lemon juice
9. mustard
10. ammonia