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This document lists and defines various "-philia" and "-mania" words related to types of love, attraction, wisdom and knowledge, and obsessions. It discusses how "-philia" words refer to a special love or attraction for a certain type of thing, and "-mania" words represent unusual obsessions. It provides tables defining words like "bibliophilia" (love of books), "aerophilately" (collecting airmail stamps), "myrmecophilia" (relationship with ants), and "verbomania" (obsession with words). The document examines the range of unusual attractions and fixations that these words represent.
This document lists and defines various "-philia" and "-mania" words related to types of love, attraction, wisdom and knowledge, and obsessions. It discusses how "-philia" words refer to a special love or attraction for a certain type of thing, and "-mania" words represent unusual obsessions. It provides tables defining words like "bibliophilia" (love of books), "aerophilately" (collecting airmail stamps), "myrmecophilia" (relationship with ants), and "verbomania" (obsession with words). The document examines the range of unusual attractions and fixations that these words represent.
This document lists and defines various "-philia" and "-mania" words related to types of love, attraction, wisdom and knowledge, and obsessions. It discusses how "-philia" words refer to a special love or attraction for a certain type of thing, and "-mania" words represent unusual obsessions. It provides tables defining words like "bibliophilia" (love of books), "aerophilately" (collecting airmail stamps), "myrmecophilia" (relationship with ants), and "verbomania" (obsession with words). The document examines the range of unusual attractions and fixations that these words represent.
This group of 30 odd 'sophy' and 'sopher' words have in common an
etymological derivation from the Greek sophia, meaning 'wisdom'. They refer to an odd group of systems of knowledge, esoteric doctrines, and philosophical practices, most of which are obsolete or extremely rare, with philosophy being the only maor exception. !ot "uite sciences or studies, nor are they isms, they tend to refer to mystical or occult concepts rather than strictly religious or scienti#c canons of knowledge. Word Defnition anthroposophy knowledge of the nature of humanity$ human wisdom chirosophy knowledge of palm%reading cosmosophy knowledge of the cosmos deipnosophy learned dinner%conversation demonosopher one who is inspired by a demon or devil gastrosopher a person skilled in matters of eating gymnosophy deep contemplation performed while naked helicosophy geometry that deals with spirals hypnosophy knowledge of phenomena relating to sleep misosophy hatred of knowledge or wisdom morosophy foolish pretence of wisdom mysteriosophy system of knowledge concerning secrets and mysteries neutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities ontosophy knowledge of being or existence palaeosophy ancient learning or thought pansophy universal knowledge pantosophy universal knowledge$ pansophy philosophy science of knowledge or wisdom physiophilosophy system of knowledge concerning principles of natural history physiosophy assumption of knowledge of nature phytosophy knowledge of plants pneumatophilosophy philosophy of spirits or the spirit world pseudosophy pretension to wisdom psilosophy shallow philosophy$ limited knowledge psychosophy doctrine or theory of the soul pyrosophy knowledge of the properties of #re rhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rods sciosophy system of knowledge without basis in science theanthroposophy system of belief concerning &hrist as god and man theosophy immediate divine illumination or wisdom 'oosophy knowledge or learning concerning animals ( LOVE AND ATTRACTION )hile this list might seem a bit ris"u* udging from its title, it's not as bad +or good, as you might think. -ach of these ../ weird words contains the word element 0phil0, from ancient Greek phileein to love, and so a 'philia' is a special love, a1ection, attraction or preference for a certain type of thing. 2rom aerophilately % a pastime practiced by few % to 'oophily % a pastime hopefully practiced by few, but unfortunately not % if you're a logophile, you'll love this list. 3ncidentally, since 0'oophily0 is regularly one of the 4hrontistery's top keywords, a note to any aspiring 'oophilists5 There's nothing to see here6 Get out6 7s for the rest of you, enoy6 To complement this list of philias, you may also #nd my list of manias to be of interest. Word Defnition aerophilately collecting of air%mail stamps ailurophilia love of cats ammophilous sand%loving$ preferring to dwell in sand anemophilous pollinated by wind anglophilia love or fondness for -ngland or the -nglish anthophilous loving or fre"uenting 8owers apodysophilia feverish desire to undress arctophily study of teddy bears astrophile person interested in astronomy audiophile one who loves accurately reproduced recorded sound belonephilia sexual obsession with sharp obects bibliophily love or fondness for books or reading canophilia love or fondness for dogs cartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cards chasmophilous fond of nooks, crevices and crannies chiropterophilous pollinated or fre"uented by bats chromophilous staining easily chrysophilist gold%lover clinophilia passion for beds coprophilia abnormal love or fondness for feces cynophilist one who loves dogs dendrophilous fond of trees discophile one who loves and studies sound recordings electrophile substance having an a9nity for electrons or negative charge entomophilous adapted for pollination by insects ergophile one who loves work -urophile one who loves -urope 2rancophile one who loves 2rance or the 2rench Gallophile one who loves 2rance or the 2rench geophilous living in or near the ground Germanophilia love or fondness for Germany or the Germans gerontophilia sexual attraction towards the elderly 3 gynotikolobomassophile one who nibbles on women:s earlobes haemophilia hereditary disease causing excesssive bleeding halophilous tolerant of salt or salt%water heliophilous preferring or attracted to the sunlight hippophile lover of horses homophile one who prefers the company of the same sex$ a homosexual hydrophilous loving or preferring water hygrophilous preferring or living where there is an abundance of moisture iconophilism a taste for pictures and symbols apanophilia love or admiration for ;apan or the ;apanese labeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labels limnophilous living in ponds or marshes lithophilous living among stones logophile a lover of words lygophilia love of darkness lyophile easily dispersed in a suitable medium malacophilous pollinated by snails myrmecophilous having a symbiotic relationship with ants necrophilia unusual love or sexual attraction for corpses negrophile one who is sympathetic towards black people nemophilist one who loves the woods neophile one who loves novelty and trends nitrophilous 8ourishing in or preferring locations with abundant nitrogen notaphily collecting of bank%notes and che"ues oenophile one who is fond of or loves wine ombrophilous tolerant of large amounts of rainfall ophiophilist snake%lover ornithophilous pollinated by birds paedophilia abnormal love or sexual attraction for children palaeophile anti"uarian paraphilia any abnormal sexual attraction peristerophily pigeon%collecting petrophilous living on or thriving in rocky areas philalethist lover of truth philately study of postage stamps philhippic loving or admiring horses phillumeny collecting of matchbox labels philocaly love of beauty philodemic fond of commoners or the lower classes philogyny love of women philomath lover of learning philonoist one who seeks knowledge philopornist lover of prostitutes philotechnical devoted to the arts philotherianism love of animals philoxenia hospitality photophilous preferring or thriving in lighted conditions phytophilous fond of plants pogonophile one who loves beards / psammophile sand%loving plant psychrophilic thriving in cold temperatures retrophilia love of things of the past rheophile living or thriving in running water rhi'ophilous growing or thriving on or near roots <ussophile one who admires <ussia or the <ussians sarcophilous fond of 8esh sciophilous thriving in or loving shady conditions scopophilia obtaining sexual pleasure from seeing things =cotophilia admiration for =cotland or the =cots scripophily collection of bond and share certi#cates =inophile one who admires &hina or the &hinese =lavophile one who admires the =lavs spermophile member of family of seed%loving rodents stegophilist one who climbs buildings for sport stigmatophilia obsession with tattooing or branding symphily living together for mutual bene#t technophile one who is fond of technology thalassophilous living in or fond of the sea theophile one who loves or is loved by God thermophilous preferring or thriving in high temperatures timbrophily love or fondness for stamps$ stamp%collecting tobaccophile one who loves tobacco topophilia great love or a1ection for a particular place toxophily love of archery$ archery$ study of archery tropophilous 8ourishing in seasonal extremes of climate turophile cheese lover typhlophile one who is kind to the blind xenophilia love of foreigners xerophily adaptation to very dry conditions xylophilous fond of wood$ living in or on wood 'oophilia loving or caring for animals$ bestiality 'oophily loving or caring for animals$ bestiality > MANIAS AND OBSESSIONS =ometimes, when 3 look over what 3've created in the 4hrontistery, 3 start to think 3'm more than a bit cra'y, and must be su1ering from verbomania. =till, 3 probably don't ofcially have any of the ./( manias or obsessions listed below. =ome of these mania words represent clinical illnesses, while others are merely facetious. They show the range of unusual and weird things with which one can become obsessed. These words are the ones found in maor dictionaries$ no doubt there are many others, given that, like phobias, manias are easy to form by taking a root word from ?atin or Greek and a9xing the su9x 'mania'. 7lso my word list of types of love and attraction or 'philias', some of which indicate pathological attractions. Word Defnition ablutomania mania for washing oneself aboulomania pathological indecisiveness agromania intense desire to be in open spaces andromania nymphomania anglomania cra'e or obsession with -ngland and the -nglish anthomania obsession with 8owers aphrodisiomania abnormal sexual interest arithmomania obsessive preoccupation with numbers balletomania abnormal fondness for ballet bibliomania cra'e for books or reading bruxomania compulsion for grinding teeth cacodemomania pathological belief that one is inhabited by an evil spirit catapedamania obsession with umping from high places chinamania obsession with collecting china choreomania dancing mania or fren'y clinomania excessive desire to stay in bed copromania obsession with feces cytheromania nymphomania @ dacnomania obsession with killing demonomania pathological belief that one is possessed by demons dinomania mania for dancing dipsomania abnormal craving for alcohol discomania obsession for disco music doramania obsession with owning furs doromania obsession with giving gifts drapetomania intense desire to run away from home dromomania compulsive longing for travel ecdemomania abnormal compulsion for wandering egomania irrational self%centered attitude or self%worship eleutheromania manic desire for freedom empleomania mania for holding public o9ce enosimania pathological belief that one has sinned entheomania abnormal belief that one is divinely inspired epomania cra'e for writing epics ergasiomania excessive desire to work$ ergomania ergomania excessive desire to work$ workaholism erotomania abnormally powerful sex drive etheromania craving for ether ethnomania obsessive devotion to one's own people eulogomania obsessive cra'e for eulogies 8agellomania abnormal enthusiasm for 8ogging 8orimania cra'e for 8owers francomania cra'e or obsession with 2rance and the 2rench gallomania cra'e or obsession with 2rance and the 2rench gamomania obsession with issuing odd marriage proposals A Graecomania obsession with Greece and the Greeks graphomania obsession with writing gynaecomania abnormal sexual obsession with women habromania insanity featuring cheerful delusions hagiomania mania for sainthood Bellenomania obsession with Greece and the Greeks$ Graecomania hexametromania mania for writing in hexameter hieromania pathological religious visions or delusions hippomania obsession with horses hydromania irrational craving for water hylomania excessive tendency towards materialism hypermania severe mania hypomania minor mania hysteromania nymphomania iconomania obsession with icons or portraits idolomania obsession or devotion to idols infomania excessive devotion to accumulating facts islomania cra'e or obsession for islands 3talomania obsession with 3taly or 3talians kleptomania irrational predilection for stealing klopemania kleptomania logomania pathological lo"uacity lypemania extreme pathological mournfulness macromania delusion that obects are larger than natural si'e megalomania abnormal tendency towards grand or grandiose behaviour melomania cra'e for music methomania morbid craving for alcohol C metromania insatiable desire for writing verse micromania pathological self%deprecation or belief that one is very small monomania abnormal obsession with a single thought or idea morphinomania habitual craving or desire for morphine musomania obsession with music mythomania lying or exaggerating to an abnormal extent narcomania uncontrollable craving for narcotics necromania sexual obsession with dead bodies$ necrophilia nosomania delusion of su1ering from a disease nostomania abnormal desire to go back to familiar places nymphomania excessive or cra'ed sexual desire oenomania obsession or cra'e for wine oligomania obsession with a few thoughts or ideas oniomania mania for making purchases onomamania mania for names onomatomania irresistible desire to repeat certain words onychotillomania compulsive picking at the #ngernails opiomania craving for opium opsomania abnormal love for one kind of food orchidomania abnormal obsession with orchids parousiamania obsession with the second coming of &hrist pathomania moral insanity peotillomania abnormal compulsion for pulling on the penis phagomania excessive desire for food or eating phaneromania habit of biting one:s nails pharmacomania abnormal obsession with trying drugs phonomania pathological tendency to murder D photomania pathological desire for light phyllomania excessive or abnormal production of leaves phytomania obsession with collecting plants planomania abnormal desire to wander and disobey social norms plutomania mania for money polemomania mania for war politicomania mania for politics polkamania cra'e for polka dancing polymania mania a1ecting several di1erent mental faculties poriomania abnormal compulsion to wander pornomania obsession with pornography potichomania cra'e for imitating Eriental porcelain potomania abnormal desire to drink alcohol pseudomania irrational predilection for lying pteridomania passion for ferns pyromania cra'e for starting #res rhinotillexomania compulsive nose picking rinkomania obsession with skating satyromania abnormally great male sexual desire$ satyriasis scribbleomania obsession with scribbling sebastomania religious insanity sitiomania morbid aversion to food sophomania delusion that one is incredibly intelligent s"uandermania irrational propensity for spending money wastefully stampomania obsession with stamp%collecting syphilomania pathological belief that one is aFicted with syphilis technomania cra'e for technology .0 Teutomania obsession with Teutonic or German things thanatomania belief that one has been a1ected by death magic, and resulting illness theatromania cra'e for going to plays theomania belief that one is a god timbromania cra'e for stamp collecting tomomania irrational predilection for performing surgery toxicomania morbid craving for poisons trichotillomania neurosis where patient pulls out own hair tulipomania obsession with tulips typhomania delirious state resulting from typhus fever typomania cra'e for printing one:s lucubrations uranomania obsession with the idea of divinity verbomania cra'e for words xenomania inordinate attachment to foreign things 'oomania insane fondness for animals .. LATIN ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS ?ike most high schools in the late .DC0s, mine did not o1er courses in ?atin. 3 #nally got to take a full year of ?atin during my G.7., which was marvelous, but 3'm certain that nobody receives the sort of classical education that one might have #fty years ago. Then again, 3 suspect that 3'm part of that tiny minority that actually would have pro#ted from such a course of study. Gut enough of this biographical detail. This list contains @0 ?atin adverbs +with some prepositions and conunctions hiding away too, that have found their way into -nglish unchanged in form or meaning. Though some of them are extraordinarily obscure, others are regularly found in academic papers, though often abbreviated +ibidem H ibid.$ videlicet H vi'.,. 7nd, while some of these terms have perfectly good 7nglo%=axon e"uivalents, others are due for resuscitation. Try them on for si'e6 Word Defnition alternatim alternately ana in e"ual "uantities bis twice$ in two places circa about$ around circiter about$ around coram in the presence of$ before divisim separately ergo therefore$ hence gradatim step by step gratis without charge$ for free gregatim in 8ocks guttatim drop by drop ibidem in the same place idem the same word as mentioned before imprimis in the #rst place infra below$ later in a text .( interim meanwhile item likewise$ also iterum again$ afresh$ anew ure by law literatim letter for letter pace contrary to the opinion of$ in respectful disagreement with partim in part passim everywhere$ dispersedly per through$ according to$ by means or agency of primo in the #rst place pro in favour of$ for proximo of next month punctatim point for point "ua in the capacity of "uasi as if$ seemingly$ in a manner "uatenus in the capacity of$ in so far as "uoad with respect to$ as regards "uondam former$ sometime$ formerly scilicet to wit$ namely secundum according to secus otherwise semper always seriatim in succession$ one after another sic thus similiter in a similar manner sine without singillatim singly .3 solus alone sparsim here and there statim immediately$ at once stillatim drop by drop subito at once$ immediately supra above$ earlier in a text syllabatim syllable by syllable tanti worthwhile tempore in the time of ubi"ue everywhere ultimo of last month variorum including the notes of earlier scholars or editors verbatim word for word versus against$ in contrast to vice in place of$ rather than videlicet to wit$ namely vulgo commonly$ popularly ADJECTIVES OF RELATION There are many terms which refer to a state of relating to or pertaining to a certain thing or category of things. 3nstead of using a phrase such as 0pertaining to buttercups0, you can substitute the adective 0ranunculaceous0. Ising the admittedly invented phrase 0adectives of relation0, 3 have compiled C/( such terms below, making this topical list the largest in the 4hrontistery. The list is highly incomplete, mostly because we use many of these words every day without reali'ing that they are part of this larger category. Jake good use of this rhematic list. Word Defnition ./ abbatial of, like or pertaining to abbots or an abbey abecedarian of, like or pertaining to the order of the alphabet$ rudimentary abiectic of, like or pertaining to #r trees or #r sap absinthial of, like or pertaining to wormwood$ bitter abyssopelagic of, like or pertaining to the depths of the ocean acarine of, like or pertaining to ticks or mites accipitrine of, like or pertaining to falcons and hawks acerate of, like or resembling a needle acolouthic of, like or pertaining to an after%image or other after%sensation acrologic of, like or pertaining to initials addititious of, pertaining to or resulting from addition adenoid of, like or pertaining to or like a gland adipic of, like or pertaining to fatty substances aeropleustic of, like or pertaining to aerial navigation aeruginous of, like or pertaining to copper%rust or verdigris aestival of, like or pertaining to summer agonistic of, like or pertaining to or being aggressive or argumentative agravic having no gravity$ pertaining to the condition of 'ero%gravity agrestic of the #elds$ rural$ unpolished alar of, like or pertaining to the wing or shoulder alaudine of, like or pertaining to skylarks alcine of, like or pertaining to elks$ of, like or pertaining to auks aliphatic of, like or pertaining to fat or fats in general alliaceous of, like or pertaining to garlic$ garlicky alopecoid of or resembling a fox alpestrine of, like or pertaining to alpine regions alveolate of or like a honeycomb alvine of the belly .> ampelidious of, like or pertaining to vines amphiscian of, like or pertaining to torrid regions amygdaloid almond%shaped$ of, like or pertaining to tonsils amyloid containing or pertaining to starch$ starchy anacardic of, like or pertaining to cashews anaclastic refractive$ of, like or pertaining to refraction anatine of, like or pertaining to ducks anconoid of, like or pertaining to the elbow ancoral of, shaped like or resembling an anchor anguine of, like or pertaining to snakes anopheline of, like or pertaining to malarial mos"uitoes anserine of, like or pertaining to geese apatetic of an animal's coloration or markings apian of, like or pertaining to bees apiarian of, like or pertaining to bees or beekeeping apical of or at the apex a"uiline of, like or pertaining to eagles$ hooked like an eagle's beak araneidan of, like or pertaining to spiders archididascalian of, like or pertaining to headmasters architectonics of, like or pertaining to the arrangement of knowledge areopagitic of, like or pertaining to tribunals or courts arietine of, like or pertaining to rams arval of, like or pertaining to ploughed land asinine of, like or pertaining to asses$ stupid aularian of, like or pertaining to a hall in a university aurantiaceous of, like or pertaining or pertaining to oranges or orange trees auricular of, like or pertaining to the ear$ spoken secretly .@ aval of, like or pertaining to a grandparent avian of, like or pertaining to birds avicular of, like or pertaining to birds avuncular like an uncle$ of, like or pertaining to uncles baculine of, like or pertaining to the stick or cane$ of, like or pertaining to 8ogging banausic materialistic$ merely mechanical$ pertaining to workshops basial of, like or pertaining to kissing bathyorographical of, like or pertaining to depth underwater or elevation above sea level bathysmal of, like or pertaining to the depths of the ocean batrachian of, like or pertaining to frogs or toads bdelloid of, like or pertaining to leeches benthic of, like or pertaining to the depths of the ocean bibitory of, like or pertaining or pertaining to drinking binaural of, pertaining to or heard by both ears bisontine of, like or pertaining to bison biverbal of, like or pertaining to two words$ having a double sense blattoid of, like or pertaining to cockroaches blennoid of or resembling mucus blepharal of, like or pertaining to eyelids bolar of, like or pertaining to clay bombic of, like or pertaining to silkworms bombycine of, like or pertaining to silk or cotton bovine of, like or pertaining to cows branchial of, like or pertaining to gills brumal of, like or pertaining to winter bubaline of, like or pertaining to bu1alo or antelopes buccal of, like or pertaining to the mouth or cheek .A bucolic of, like or pertaining to the tending of cattle$ rustic$ rural burgensic of, like or pertaining to a borough or its citi'ens bursal of, like or pertaining to a state's revenues buteonine of, like or pertaining to bu''ards butyric of, like or pertaining to butter caballine of, like or pertaining to or suited to a horse cacuminal retro8ex, pertaining to a point, crown, top or peak calycine of, like or pertaining to a cup or calyx cameline of, like or pertaining to camels campestral of, like or pertaining to the country$ pertaining to level ground cancellarial of, like or pertaining to a chancellor cancrine of, like or pertaining to crabs$ palindromic canicular of, like or pertaining to the dog star canine of, like or pertaining to dogs cantative of, like or pertaining to singing capitulary of, like or pertaining to a chapter of an organi'ation capric having a goatlike smell$ of, like or pertaining to goats caprifoliaceous of, like or pertaining to the honeysuckle plant caprine of, like or pertaining to goats carceral of, like or pertaining to prisons cardinalitial of, like or pertaining to church cardinals caricous of, like or pertaining to #gs carious of, like or pertaining to dental cavities$ decayed carneous 8eshy$ 8esh%coloured$ like or pertaining to 8esh carni#cial of, like or pertaining to butchers or executioners carpal of, like or pertaining to the wrist castellar of, like or pertaining to a castle .C castral of or belonging to the camp catalactic of, like or pertaining to exchange catarrhine of, like or pertaining to Eld )orld Jonkeys catenarian of, like or pertaining to chains catoptric of, like or pertaining to re8ection or re8ected light caudal of, like or pertaining to the tail causidical of, like or pertaining to those who plead legal cases cenatory of, like or pertaining to supper centrobaric of, like or pertaining to the centre of gravity cercopithecan of, like or pertaining to long%tailed monkeys cervine of, pertaining to or resembling deer, elk or moose cervisial of, like or pertaining or pertaining to beer chelonian of, like or pertaining to tortoises or turtles chiral of, like or pertaining to the hand or handedness cholic of, like or pertaining to bile chorepiscopal of, like or pertaining to an early local bishop choreutic of, like or pertaining to a chorus chrematistic of, like or pertaining to the pursuit of wealth or to business chrestomathic of, like or pertaining to useful knowledge chthonian of, like or pertaining to the earth or the underworld cibarious of, like or pertaining to food$ useful for food ciconine of, like or pertaining to storks cinerary of, like or pertaining to ashes clysmian of, like or pertaining to or caused by 8ood cnemial of, like, or pertaining to the tibia +shin%bone, cnidarian of, like, or pertaining to invertebrates such as elly#sh and anemones coeliac of, like or pertaining to the abdomen .D colubrine like a snake$ cunning$ of, like or pertaining to snakes columbaceous of, like or pertaining to doves or pigeons columbine of or like a dove$ dove%coloured compital of, like or pertaining to crossroads conative of, like or pertaining to purposeful action or desire connubial of, like or pertaining to marriage coriaceous having a leathery appearance$ consisting, of, like or pertaining to leather corvine crow%like$ of, like or pertaining to crows or ravens cosmotellurian of, like or pertaining to both heaven and earth costal of, like or pertaining to the ribs cothurnal of, like or pertaining to tragedy coticular of, like or pertaining to whetstones creatic of, like or pertaining to 8esh credal of, like or pertaining to a creed crenitic of, like or pertaining to mineral springs crepuscular of, like or pertaining to twilight cretaceous of or resembling chalk$ of a whitish colour crinal of or related to the hair crotaline of, like or pertaining to rattlesnakes crural of or belonging to the leg cryptaesthetic of, like or pertaining to supranormal perception cryptous of, like or pertaining to crypts cuculine of, like or pertaining to cuckoos cucurbitaceous of, like or pertaining to gourds cupulate of, like or pertaining to a cup$ cup%shaped cutaneous of or related to the skin cynegetic of or related to hunting (0 cyprinoid of, like or pertaining to carp cypseline of, like or pertaining to swifts decanal of, like or pertaining to a dean or deacon decennoval of, like or pertaining to the number nineteen decretal of, like or pertaining to a decree delphine pertaining to the Kauphin of 2rance delphinine of, like or pertaining to dolphins demegoric of, like or pertaining to demagogues or demagogic speech demogenic of, like or pertaining to membership by citi'enship rather than kinship demotic of, like or pertaining to the common people denary one of ten$ tenfold$ of, like or pertaining to group of ten deontic of or relating to duty or obligation deric of, like or pertaining to the skin diaconal of, like or pertaining to a deacon diacoustic of, like or pertaining to the refraction of sound diadermic of, like or pertaining to the puncturing of the skin dianoetic capable of, like or pertaining to thought didascalic didactic$ pertaining to education or teaching didelphine of, like or pertaining to opossums didine of, like or pertaining to dodos diluvial of, like or pertaining to 8oods$ especially mythical ones dinic of, like or pertaining to vertigo or di''iness discophoran of, like or pertaining to elly#shes dista1 of, like or pertaining to the female branch of a family or women's work dolabrate of, like or pertaining to axes or hatchets domal of, like or pertaining to a house or dome doxastic of, like or pertaining to opinion (. dromic of, like or pertaining to a racecourse drupaceous of, like or pertaining to drupes or stone%fruits duodenary of, like or pertaining to the number twelve eburnean of or like ivory$ ivory%coloured edacious voracious$ gluttonous$ pertaining to eating edaphic of, like or pertaining to the soil edentate toothless$ without teeth$ pertaining to aardvarks and sloths elaphine of, like or belonging to a red deer$ of, of, like or pertaining to red deer elapid of, like or pertaining to cobras eleemosynary of, like or pertaining to charity or giving alms$ dependent on charity elenctic of, like or pertaining to argument$ cross%examination or refuting elephantine of, like or pertaining to elephants empaestic of, like or pertaining to the art of embossing emporeutic of, like or pertaining to trade empyreal of, like or pertaining to heaven$ sublime$ skyward emunctory conveying waste$ pertaining to nose%blowing enteral of, pertaining to or within the intestine entomical of, like or pertaining to insects eoan of, like or pertaining to dawn epedaphic of, like or pertaining to atmospheric conditions epicedial of, like or pertaining to dirges or elegies epichoric belonging or pertaining to a rural area epistolary of, like or pertaining to letters epithymetic of, like or pertaining to desire epulary of, like or pertaining to ban"uets e"uine of, like or pertaining to horses eristic of, like or pertaining to controversy or argument (( erotetic engaging in or pertaining to rhetorical "uestioning estival of, like or pertaining to summer ethmoid of or like a sieve eupeptic of, like or pertaining to good digestion$ cheerful eusuchian of, like or pertaining to alligators and crocodiles excrementitial of, like or pertaining to excrement falconine of, like or pertaining to falcons or hawks familic pertaining to a family$ domestic favonian of, like or pertaining to the west wind$ mild and favourable feline of, like or pertaining to cats fenestral of, like or pertaining to windows ferial of, like or pertaining to holidays #ctile capable of being moulded$ of, like or pertaining to pottery #dicinal of, like or pertaining to stringed musical instruments #guline of, like or pertaining to earthenware #metic of, like or pertaining to dung fodient of, like or pertaining to digging foraneous of, like or pertaining to forums forcipate of, like or pertaining to forceps formic of, like or pertaining to ants formicine of, like or pertaining to ants fringillaceous of, like or pertaining to #nches fringilline of, like or pertaining to #nches frumentarious of, like or pertaining to corn fulgural of, like or pertaining to lightning fuliginous sooty$ dusky$ soot%coloured$ of or pertaining to soot fuliguline of, like or pertaining to sea ducks (3 fullonical of, like or pertaining or belonging to a fuller fulmineous of, like or pertaining to thunder and lightning funebral of, like or pertaining to a funeral fungous of or like fungus$ soft$ spongy funicular of, like or pertaining to a string or cable furuncular of, like or pertaining to boils gadoid of, resembling or pertaining to the cod galactic of, like or pertaining to or obtained from milk gallinaceous of or resembling pheasants and other domestic birds geal of, like or pertaining or pertaining to the earth gelastic of, like or pertaining to or provoking laughter gemmeous of, like or pertaining to gems$ like a gem genesic of, like or pertaining to procreation or the genitals geocyclic of, like or pertaining to the rotation and revolution of the -arth georgic of, like or pertaining to agricultural or rustic a1airs$ rural$ agrarian geoselenic of, like or pertaining to both the -arth and the moon geostrophic of, like or pertaining to de8ection due to e1ects of -arth's rotation gerontogenous of, like or pertaining to the Eld )orld gestatorial of, like or pertaining to carrying gestic of, like or pertaining to gestures glirine rodent%like$ of, like or pertaining to rodents glottogonic of, like or pertaining to the origins of language glyptic of, like or pertaining to carving or gem%engraving gnathal of, like or pertaining to the aws gnomic signifying general truth$ pertaining to aphorisms or proverbs goetic of, like or pertaining to black magic grallatory of, like or pertaining to wading birds (/ gramineous of, like or pertaining to grass$ grassy gravimetrical of, like or pertaining to measuring by weight gregal of, like or pertaining to a 8ock gremial intimate$ pertaining to the lap or bosom gromatic of, like or pertaining to surveys or surveying gruine of, like or pertaining to cranes or similar birds habilatory of, like or pertaining to clothes or dressing haemal of, like or pertaining to blood halcyonine of, like or pertaining to king#shers halibiotic of, like or pertaining to the entirety of life under the sea halieutic of, like or pertaining to #shing halolimnic of, like or pertaining to sea creatures who spend time in fresh water haptic of, like or pertaining to the sense of touch hebamic of, like or pertaining to the socratic method hebetic of, like or pertaining to puberty hederaceous of, like or pertaining to ivy hepatic of, like or pertaining to or acting upon the liver hephaestic of, like or pertaining to iron%working and blacksmiths hermeneutic of, like or pertaining to the interpretation of passages hermetic of, like or pertaining to sorcery or alchemy herpetoid of, like or pertaining to snakes hesternal of, like or pertaining to yesterday hibernal of, like or pertaining to winter hiemal of, like or pertaining to winter hippiatric of, like or pertaining to the treatment of horses' diseases hippic of, like or pertaining to horses hippoid e"uine$ of, like or pertaining to horses (> hircine goat%like$ having a goatish smell$ of, like or pertaining to smelly goats hirudine of, like or pertaining to leeches hirudinean of, like or pertaining to leeches hirundine of, like or pertaining to swallows histrionic of, like or pertaining to the stage or actors hodiernal of, like or pertaining to the present day homarine of, like or pertaining to lobsters homiletical of, like or pertaining to homilies horal of, like or pertaining to hours$ hourly horary of, like or pertaining to an hour$ continuing for an hour$ hourly hordeaceous of, like or pertaining to barley hortensial of, like or pertaining to gardens hortulan of, like or pertaining to gardens humoral of, like or pertaining to body 8uid hyaloid of, like or pertaining to glass hydric of, like or pertaining to an abundance of moisture hyetal rainy$ of, like or pertaining to rainfall hygeian of, like or pertaining to health$ healthy hygric of, like or pertaining to water or moisture hylobatine of, like or pertaining to gibbons hymeneal of, like or pertaining to marriage hypnagogic sleep%inducing$ pertaining to drowsiness or sleep hypnoetic of, like or pertaining to unconscious logical thought hypnopompic of, like or pertaining to period between sleep and wakefulness hypothecary of, like or pertaining to mortgages hystricine of, like or pertaining to porcupines ibidine pertaining to the ibis (@ ichneutic of, like or pertaining to a tracker or tracking ichthyic of, resembling or pertaining to #sh icterical of, like or pertaining to or su1ering from aundice icterine of, like or pertaining to orioles and related birds ictic of, pertaining to, or caused by, a blow or stroke$ pertaining to metrical stress iliac of, like or pertaining to the loins ilicic of, like or pertaining to holly inescatory of, like or pertaining to baiting$ adapted to bait inguinal of, like or pertaining to the groin institorial of, like or pertaining to an agent or factor intercrural within or pertaining to the area between the legs interstitial of, like or pertaining to the space between things ipecacuanhic of or relating to ipecac iridaceous of, like, or pertaining to iris plants iridal of or pertaining to the rainbow iridic of, like or pertaining to the iris of the eye ischiatic of or pertaining to the ischium or hip islandic of or pertaining to an island ixiodic of, like or pertaining to ticks ecoral of, like or pertaining to the liver entacular of, like or pertaining to breakfast uglandaceous of, like or pertaining to walnuts uncaceous of, like or pertaining to rushes ural of, like or pertaining to the law uratory of, like or pertaining to an oath kerygmatic of, like or pertaining to preaching the Gospel (A lacertilian of, like or pertaining to li'ards lacuscular of, like or pertaining to pools lacustrine of, like or pertaining to lakes laic of, like or pertaining to lay people rather than clergy lamiaceous minty$ of, like or pertaining to the mint plant laminary of, like or pertaining to thin plates or layer lampyridine of, like or pertaining or pertaining to glow%worms or #re8ies laniary of teeth or claws designed for tearing +canine teeth, lapidarian of, like or pertaining to stones$ inscribed on stones lardaceous of, like or pertaining to lard larine of, like or pertaining to gulls laroid of, like or pertaining to gulls lavic of, like or pertaining to lava legatine of, like or pertaining to a legate lemurine of, like or pertaining to lemurs leonine of, like or pertaining to lions leonine of or like a lion$ rhyming last two or three syllables in a line leporine of, like or pertaining to the hare lienal of, like or pertaining to the spleen limacine of, like or pertaining to slugs limicoline living on a shore$ of, like or pertaining to wading birds limnetic living in fresh water$ pertaining to fresh water linaceous of, like or pertaining to 8ax lingual of, like or pertaining to language, speech or the tongue littoral of, like or pertaining to the shore of a body of water lobar of, like or pertaining to a lobe loimic of, like or pertaining to plagues loranthaceous of, like or pertaining to the mistletoe (C lucernal of, like or pertaining to lamps lumbricine of, like or pertaining to earthworms lunisolar pertaining ointly to the moon and sun lupanarian of, like or pertaining to a brothel lupine of, like or pertaining to wolves lupulic of, like or pertaining to hops lutaceous of, like or pertaining to or comprised of mud lutrine of, like or pertaining to otters macropodine of, like or pertaining to kangaroos magistral of, like or pertaining to a master or teacher malar of, like or pertaining to the cheek malvaceous of, like or pertaining to the mallow family of plants manal of, like or pertaining to the hand mandative of, like or pertaining to commands or leadership mantic of, like or pertaining to divination$ prophetic$ divinely inspired marmoreal of or like marble materteral of or resembling an aunt matinal of, like or pertaining to the morning matrical of, like or pertaining to a womb or a matrix matricular of, like or pertaining to a register matriherital of, like or pertaining to inheritance along the female line matripotestal of, like or pertaining to the power of mothers matutinal of, like or pertaining to the morning$ happening early in the day maxillary of, like or pertaining to a aw medianic of, like or pertaining to spiritualists, mediums or prophets megachiropteran of, like or pertaining to fruit bats meleagrine of, like or pertaining to turkeys (D mellaginous of, like or pertaining to or resembling honey membral of, like or pertaining to the limbs rather than the trunk mensal of, like or pertaining to the dinner%table$ monthly mental of, like or pertaining to the chin meretricious of, like or pertaining to prostitution$ super#cially attractive but lacking value metameric of, like or pertaining to serial division or segmentation of body metopic of, like or pertaining to the forehead milvine of, like or pertaining to kites and similar birds mimetic imitative$ of, like or pertaining to mimicry miothermic of, like or pertaining to temperature conditions of the present day mnesic of, like or pertaining to memory molendinar of, like or pertaining to a mill or miller molinary of, like or pertaining to mills or grinding morassic of, like or pertaining to a morass morganatic of, like or pertaining to a marriage between those of une"ual rank morphean of, like or pertaining to dreams morphotic of, like or pertaining to formation or development morsal of, like or pertaining to the cutting edge of a knife mucopurulent of mucus and pus mulciberian of, like or pertaining to metalworking murine of, like or pertaining to mice and rats musal of, like or pertaining to poetry or the Juses muscicapine of, like or pertaining to 8ycatchers and related birds muscid of, like or pertaining to house%8ies muscoid of, like or pertaining to mosses$ moss%like musteline of, like or pertaining to weasels, martens and badgers 30 mycteric of, like or pertaining to the nostrils myelic of, like or pertaining to the spinal cord myoxine of, like or pertaining to dormice myrmecophagid of, like or pertaining to anteaters myrmicine of, like or pertaining to ants mystagogical of, like or pertaining to religious ritual initiation nacreous of or resembling mother%of%pearl narial of, like or pertaining to the nostrils natalitial of, like or pertaining to a birthday natricine of, like or pertaining to water%snakes neanic of, like or pertaining to the adolescent period$ young nectareal of or like nectar nemaline of or like a thread nemoral of a wood or grove neoblastic of, like or pertaining to new growth neophrastic of, like or pertaining to neologisms nephric of, like or pertaining to the kidneys nepionic of, like or pertaining to the embryonic period of development nepotal of, like or pertaining to one's nephew neurergic of, like or pertaining to the function or action of the nerves niccolic made of, like or pertaining to nickel nicotian of, like or pertaining to tobacco nidatory of, like or pertaining to nests nimonic of alloys used in high%temperature work nobiliary of, like or pertaining to nobility nosocomial of, like or pertaining to a hospital novenary of, like or pertaining to the number nine novercal of, like or pertaining to a stepmother 3. noxal of, like or pertaining to wrongful inury by obect or animal of another nucal of, like or pertaining to nuts nuchal of, like or pertaining to the nape of the neck numinous of, like or pertaining to a deity$ su1used with religious awe nummary of, like or pertaining to coins or money nundinal of, like or pertaining to a fair or market nutricial of, like or pertaining to nurses nychthemeral of, like or pertaining to a nychthemeron or (/%hour period nymphean of, like or pertaining to a nymph obitual of, like or pertaining to obituaries obsidional of, like or pertaining to a siege occipital of, like or pertaining to the back of the head octonary of, like or pertaining to or consisting of eight things$ grouped in eights oecodomic of, like or pertaining to architecture oenopoetic of, like or pertaining to wine%making olamic of or belonging to a vast period or eon oleic of, like or pertaining to or derived from oil oleraceous of the nature of a pot%herb$ for kitchen use$ edible oligodynamic of, like or pertaining to the e1ect of small "uantities olitory of, like or pertaining to kitchen vegetables oneiric of, like or pertaining to dreams onomastic of, like or pertaining to a name or signature ontal of, like or pertaining to reality or existence onymatic of, like or pertaining to names ophic of, like or pertaining to serpents ophidian of or like a snake opisthosomal of, like or pertaining to posteriors 3( optimate of the nobility or aristocracy ordalian of, like or pertaining to an ordeal orectic of, like or pertaining to appetite or desires ornithic of, like or pertaining to birds orobathymetric of, like or pertaining to map showing submerged heights and sea depths oscheal of, like or pertaining to the scrotum oscinine of, like or pertaining to song%birds oscular of, like or pertaining to the mouth or to kissing osteal of, like or pertaining to, or comprised of bone ostracean of, like or pertaining to oysters ostraceous of, like or pertaining to oysters otarine of, like or pertaining to seals otic of, like or pertaining to the ear ovibovine of, like or pertaining to musk%oxen ovine of, like or pertaining to sheep pabulous of, like or pertaining to nourishment paginal of, like or pertaining to pages or pagination palladian of, like or pertaining to wisdom or learning palmar of, like or pertaining to the palm palpebral of, like or pertaining to the eyelid paludal of, like or pertaining to marshes$ marshy$ malarial panary of, like or pertaining to bread$ bread store papaverous of, like or pertaining to poppies papilionaceous of, like or pertaining to butter8ies papuliferous pimply$ bearing or pertaining to pimples parastatic of, like or pertaining to protective mimicry of animals pardine of, like or pertaining to leopards 33 parietal of a wall or walls, especially anatomical walls parine of, like or pertaining to titmouses parthenian of, like or pertaining to virgins pascual growing on land used for gra'ing$ of, like or pertaining to pastures passerine of, like or pertaining to sparrows patibulary of, like or pertaining to the gallows patrial of, like or pertaining to one:s native land pavonian of, like or pertaining to peacocks pavonine of, like or pertaining to peacocks pectinal of a comb$ comb%like pectineal of the pubic bone pecuniary of, like or pertaining to money$ consisting of money pedalian of, like or pertaining to the foot or to metrical feet pedary of, like or pertaining to walking or feet pedicular of, like or pertaining to lice pedological of, like or pertaining to soils pelargic of, like or pertaining to storks pendular of, like or pertaining to a pendulum penial of, like or pertaining to the penis perdicine of, like or pertaining to partridges peristeronic of, like or pertaining to pigeons petrean of, like or pertaining to or made of rock phacochoerine of, like or pertaining to warthogs phallic of, pertaining to or resembling a penis phemic of, like or pertaining to speech phenetic of, like or pertaining to classi#cation by phenotype philomelian of, like or pertaining to nightingales 3/ philoprogenitive of, like or pertaining to instinctive love for o1spring phocine of, like or pertaining to seals phreatic of, like or pertaining to underground water supplying or wells phrenic of or near the midri1 phthongal of, pertaining to, or consisting of a sound$ vocali'ed phugoid of, like or pertaining to the longitudinal stability of aircraft picares"ue of, like or pertaining or pertaining to rogues or roguish behaviour picine of, like or pertaining to woodpeckers piscatorial of, like or pertaining to #shing or #shers piscine of, like or pertaining to #sh planetesimal of, like or pertaining to asteroids or similar tiny celestial bodies plantar of, like or pertaining to the sole of the foot plaustral of, like or pertaining to a wagon plebeian of the common people or vulgar classes plenilunar of, like or pertaining to the full moon pliothermic of, like or pertaining to periods of above%average temperatures plumeopicean of tar and feathers poaceous of, like or pertaining or pertaining to grass podalic of, like or pertaining to feet poliorcectic of, like or pertaining to siegecraft or besiegement pomaceous of, like or pertaining to or consisting of apples popliteal of, like or pertaining to the back of the knee poral of, like or pertaining to pores porcine of, like or pertaining to pigs$ swinish potamic of, like or pertaining to rivers praedial of, like or pertaining to or connected with the land or farming prandial of, like or pertaining to dinner 3> prebendal of, like or pertaining to stipends issued by a church prenarial of, like or pertaining to or in front of the nostrils preputial of, like or pertaining to the foreskin presidial of, like or pertaining to a garrison 4riapean of, like or pertaining to male reproductive power$ phallic pridian of, like or pertaining to yesterday primitial of, like or pertaining to #rst fruits$ primeval primogenous of, like or pertaining to the earliest or #rst developmental stage procephalic of, like or pertaining to the front of the head proctal of, like or pertaining to the anus or rectum procyonine of, like or pertaining to raccoons proethnic of, like or pertaining to primitive races prosodic of, like or pertaining to versi#cation prosopic of, like or pertaining to the face psephitic of, like or pertaining to pebbles psittacine of, like or pertaining to macaws, parakeets or parrots psittacine of or like parrots pteric of, like or pertaining to the wing or the shoulder pteropine of, like or pertaining to 8ying foxes puerperal of, like or pertaining to childbirth pulicine of, like or pertaining to 8eas pullastrine of, like or pertaining to pigeons pulmonic of, like or pertaining to the lungs pygal belonging to the rump end$ pertaining to the rump pyretic of, pertaining to or for the cure of fevers pyrrhic of, like or pertaining to the dance or to the foot pyrrhuline of, like or pertaining to bull#nches 3@ "uadragesimal of, like or pertaining to ?ent$ lasting forty days "uercine of, like or pertaining to oak trees rabic of, like or pertaining to rabies rachidian of or concerning the spine rameal of, like or pertaining to branches rangiferine of, like or pertaining to or like reindeer ranine of, like or pertaining to or like frogs ranunculaceous of, like or pertaining to buttercups raptorial predacious$ of, like or pertaining to a bird of prey ratite of, like or pertaining to 8ightless birds reginal of, like or pertaining to a "ueen regnal of a reign renal of, like or pertaining to the kidneys reptilian of, like or pertaining to reptiles retiary of nets$ using nets as a weapon$ catching insects in webs reticular of, like or pertaining to nets$ intricate rhematic of words or verbs$ forming a word or words rhinal of, like or pertaining to the nose rhinocerotic of, like or pertaining to the rhinoceros rhi'ic of the root of an e"uation rhonchial of, like or pertaining to snoring rictal of the gape$ of the corner of the mouth riparian of or inhabiting a riverbank$ a riverside inhabitant risible laughable risorial of, like or pertaining to or causing laughter roseaceous of the rose family$ roselike rupicaprine of, like or pertaining to chamoises 3A sacerdotal priestly$ pertaining to priestly interests sanguineous bloody$ of, like or pertaining to blood$ blood%red saporine of, like or pertaining to the sense of taste sarcous of 8esh or muscle sartorial of, like or pertaining to a tailor or tailored clothes scabious of, like or pertaining to scabies or scabs scacchic of, like or pertaining to chess scarabaean of, like or pertaining to scarabs schi'tic of, like or pertaining to or marked by splitting schoenabatic of, like or pertaining to rope walking sciatheric of, like or pertaining to measurement of time by shadows sciatic of, like or pertaining to the hip scincoid of or resembling a skink scioptic of, like or pertaining to formation of images in darkrooms sciurine of, like or pertaining to s"uirrels sciuroid of, like or pertaining to s"uirrels or chipmunks scolopacine of, like or pertaining to snipes scorbutic of or su1ering from scurvy scriptory by, in or pertaining to writing scutal of, like or pertaining to shields scytodepsic of, like or pertaining to tanning leather sebaceous of or like tallow selachian of, like or pertaining to sharks or rays selenic of, like or pertaining to the moon semic of, like or pertaining to a sign or signs septentrional northern$ of, like or pertaining to the north septimal of, like or pertaining to or based on the number seven 3C seral of, like or pertaining to the development of ecological communities serous of, like or pertaining to serum$ watery serpentine of, like or pertaining to serpents or snakes shrieval of, like or pertaining to a sheri1 sialic of, like or pertaining to saliva sidereal of, like or pertaining to the stars sigillary of, like or pertaining to a seal simian of, like or pertaining to apes sinal of, like or pertaining to the sinuses siphonic of, like or pertaining to a siphon skelic of, like or pertaining to the skeleton soliterraneous of, like or pertaining to the oint e1ect of the sun and earth somnial of, like or pertaining to dreams sophianic of, like or pertaining to wisdom soricine of, like or pertaining to shrews soricine shrewlike$ of, like or pertaining to shrews sororal of, like or pertaining to sisters soterial of, like or pertaining to salvation spatiotemporal of, like or pertaining to time and space speluncar of, like or pertaining to caves spermatic of, like or pertaining to sperm sphecoid wasp%like sphingal of, like or pertaining to sphinxes sphragistic of, like or pertaining to seals and signets sphygmic of, like or pertaining to the pulse or heartbeat spintrian of, like or pertaining to orgies or male sexual deviance splenic of, like or pertaining to the spleen 3D s"ualoid of, like or pertaining to sharks stadial of, like or pertaining to a stage statuary of, pertaining to or suitable for sculpture stercoraceous of, like or pertaining to feces steric of, like or pertaining to the organi'ation of atoms in a molecule ster"uilinian of, like or pertaining to a dunghill stibial of, like or pertaining to antimony stochastic of, like or pertaining to a se"uence of random events stradometrical of, like or pertaining to the measurement of streets and roads stratonic of an army or armies strigine owl%like$ of, like or pertaining to owls struthious of, like or pertaining to ostriches stylogalmaic of, like or pertaining to #gures serving as columns or pillars suberic of or pertaining to cork suberous of, like or having the appearance of cork$ pertaining to cork suburbicarian of, like or pertaining to suburbs succinic of, pertaining to or derived from amber suidian of, like or pertaining to pigs suilline of, like or pertaining to hogs suilline like a pig$ of, like or pertaining to pigs sulcal of a sulcus$ grooved$ furrowed sulphorous of, like or pertaining to hell#re$ infernal$ blasphemous sumptuary of, like or pertaining to expense or extravagance superciliary of, on or near the eyebrow sural of, like or pertaining to the calf of the leg sur#cial of, like or pertaining to the surface of the earth surnominal of, like or pertaining to surnames /0 sutorian of, like or pertaining to cobbling or sewing sybotic of, like or pertaining to a swineherd sylvestral of, like or pertaining to trees synodical of, like or pertaining to conunction syringadenous of, like or pertaining to sweat glands syrtic of, like or pertaining to "uicksand tabernacular of, like or pertaining to a tabernacle tactual of, like or pertaining to or derived from the sense of touch talaric of, like or pertaining to or reaching the ankles taurean of, like or pertaining to a bull taurine of, like or pertaining to bulls taxaceous of, like or pertaining to yew trees technolithic of, like or pertaining to stone tools tectonic of, like or pertaining to building$ structural tegmental of, like or pertaining to coverings or outer shells tegular of, like or overlapping like tiles or slates telestic of, like or pertaining to the mysteries tellural of, like or pertaining to the earth telodynamic of, like or pertaining to transmission of power to a distance tergal of, like or pertaining to the back terpsichorean of, like or pertaining to dancing terraneous of, like or pertaining to the earth terrene of the earth$ earthly$ worldly$ mundane tesserarian of, like or pertaining to dice games testaceous of or having a hard shell$ brick%red testudinal of, like or pertaining to tortoises or tortoise%shell textorial of, like or pertaining to weaving /. textrine of, like or pertaining to weaving thelematic of, like or pertaining to will or volition$ voluntary theriacal of, like or pertaining to antidotes thermic of, like or pertaining to heat thermonous of, like or pertaining to stimulation by heat theroid of, like or pertaining to a beast or wild animal thesaurarial of or pertaining to the o9ce of a treasurer thesial of, like or pertaining to a thesis thionic of, like or pertaining to or containing sulphur threptic of, like or pertaining to the rearing of young thronal of, like or pertaining to a throne tigrine of, like or pertaining to tigers tinctorial of, like or pertaining to dyeing$ giving colour tolypeutine of, like or pertaining to armadillos tonetic of, like or pertaining to tonal pronunciation or languages tonsorial of, like or pertaining to a barber or a barber:s work toponomastic of, like or pertaining to place names torrentine of, like or pertaining to a torrent$ having the character of a torrent toxophilite lover of archery$ an archer$ of, like or pertaining to archery tribunitial of, like or pertaining to a tribune tributorian of, like or pertaining to tribute or payment tringoid of, like or pertaining to sandpipers trochilic of, like or pertaining to rotatory motion trochilidine of, like or pertaining to hummingbirds trochiline of, like or pertaining to hummingbirds troglodytine of, like or pertaining to wrens truttaceous of, like or pertaining to trout /( turdine of, like or pertaining to thrushes turdine of, like or pertaining to thrushes turrical of, like or pertaining to a tower or turret$ like a turret tussicular of, like or pertaining to coughs typographia matter pertaining to printing or printers tyroid resembling cheese$ cheesy uletic of, like or pertaining to the gums ulmaceous of or like elms umbilical of, like or pertaining to the navel$ related on the mother's side uncial of, like or pertaining to an inch or an ounce ungual of a claw, hoof, or talon$ clawed unguentary of, like or pertaining to unguents$ one who makes or sells unguents uranic of the palate uretic of, like or pertaining to urine ursine of, like or pertaining to bears urticaceous of, like or pertaining to nettles uxorial of, like or pertaining to a wife vaccine of, like or pertaining to cows$ preparation conferring immunity to disease vadose of, like or pertaining to underground water above the water table valetudinarian of, like or pertaining to ill%health$ anxious about health vapulatory of, like or pertaining to 8ogging varietal of, like or pertaining to a variety vascular of, like or pertaining to 8uid%carrying vessels vectigal of, like or pertaining to the paying of tribute or rent velamentous of, like or pertaining to or like a membrane or sail venatic of, like or pertaining to hunting venous of, like or pertaining to veins /3 ventral of, like or pertaining to the underside or the belly vermicular of, like or pertaining to worms vernal of, like or pertaining to spring versicular of or in verse vertiginous of, like or pertaining to vertigo$ di''y$ giddy vesical of, like or pertaining to the bladder vespal of, like or pertaining to wasps vespertinal of, like or pertaining to the evening vespine of, like or pertaining to hornets or wasps vestiary robing%room$ cloakroom$ of, like or pertaining to clothes vexillary standard%bearer$ pertaining to regimental colours or 8ags viatical of, like or pertaining to roads or travel vibronic of or caused by electronic vibration vicarial of, like or pertaining to a vicar or delegate villar of, like or pertaining to a manor or village villatic rural$ of, like or pertaining to a villa vinal of or due to wine vindemial of, like or pertaining to the vintage vineatic of, like or pertaining to vines vinous like wine$ pertaining to wine$ wine%coloured viperine of, like or pertaining to vipers viperous of, like, or pertaining to vipers$ treacherous$ venomous visceral of the organs of the body visile of, like or pertaining to sight$ learning easily by sight visive of, like or pertaining to sight$ visual$ able to see or be seen vitular of, like or pertaining to a calf or to calving vituline of, like or pertaining to calves or veal // viverrine of, like or pertaining to civets and mongoose viverrine of, like or pertaining to the civet vocabularian of, like or pertaining to vocabulary vocicultural of, like or pertaining to voice training volar of, like or pertaining to the palm or the sole$ of, like or pertaining to 8ight volitive of, like or pertaining to the will volucrine of, like or pertaining to birds$ bird%like voluminal of, like or pertaining to volume or cubic capacity voraginous of, like or pertaining to a whirlpool$ voracious vortical of, like or pertaining to a vortex$ whirling vulpecular of, like or pertaining to a young fox vulpine of, like or pertaining to foxes$ cunning vulturine rapacious$ of, like or pertaining to a vulture vulvar of, like or pertaining to or resembling the vulva xilinous of, like or pertaining to cotton xylary of, like or pertaining to xylem yogic of or pertaining to yoga 'ebrine of, like or pertaining to 'ebras 'ibeline of, like or pertaining to the sable 'incic of, pertaining to or containing 'inc 'irconic of or pertaining to 'irconium 'oic of, like or pertaining to animals$ containing evidence of life 'onal of or like a 'one$ arranged in 'ones 'onarious of or pertaining to a girdle or purse 'onary of or like a 'one$ arranged in 'ones 'oochorous of seeds or spores spread by animals 'oonic of, like or pertaining to or derived from animals /> 'ygal formed like the letter B$ of, like or pertaining to a yoke or union 'ymic of, like or pertaining to fermentation 'ymotic of, like or pertaining to fermentation FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 3t has been suggested that every government which has ever existed has been a prime example of kakistocracy, or the rule of the worst, but this list of .@D di1erent types of government suggests that that might be a bit too simplistic. -ach of the following words indicates a form of government or type of leadership by a certain kind of person or institution. -veryone seems to want to get in on this rulership gig, from saints and mothers to beggars and prostitutes +hmm ...,. -tymologically%minded folks should note the di1erence between the su9x 'archy', meaning 'rulership', and 'cracy', meaning 'power', which both come from Greek roots. This fact, of course, should suggest to any reasonable%minded person that the Greek people are inherently more #t to rule than all other groups. ;ust a theory, mind you ... Word Defnition acracy government by none$ anarchy adhocracy government in an unstructured fashion$ an unstructured organi'ation albocracy government by white people anarchy government by none androcracy government by men anemocracy government by the wind or by whim angelocracy government by angels antarchy opposition to government$ anarchy argentocracy government by money aristarchy government by the best aristocracy government by the nobility arithmocracy government by simple maority /@ autarchy government by an absolute ruler autocracy government by one individual barbarocracy government by barbarians beerocracy government by brewers or brewing interests bestiocracy rule by beasts biarchy government by two people$ diarchy binarchy government by two people$ diarchy bureaucracy government by civil servants cannonarchy government by superior #repower or by cannons capelocracy government by shopkeepers chiliarchy government by one thousand people chirocracy government by physical force chromatocracy government by rulers of a particular skin colour chrysoaristocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracy chrysocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracy corpocracy government by corporate bureaucrats cosmarchy rulership over the entire world, esp. by the devil cottonocracy government by those involved in the cotton trade cryptarchy secret rulership decadarchy government by ten individuals$ decarchy decarchy government by ten individuals demarchy government by the people$ popular government democracy government by the people demonarchy government by a demon demonocracy government by demons or evil forces despotocracy government by despots or tyrants diabolocracy government by the Kevil diarchy government by two people /A dinarchy government by two people$ diarchy dodecarchy government by twelve people doulocracy government by slaves duarchy government by two people$ diarchy dulocracy government by slaves$ doulocracy dyarchy government by two people$ diarchy ecclesiarchy government by clerics or ecclesiastical authorities endarchy centralised government ergatocracy government by the workers or the working class ethnarchy government over an ethnic group ethnocracy government by an ethnic group or race exarchy government by bishops foolocracy government by fools gerontocracy government by the aged gunarchy government by women$ gynarchy gymnasiarchy government over a school or academy gynaecocracy government by women$ gynarchy gynarchy government by women gynocracy government by women$ gynarchy hagiarchy government by saints or holy persons hagiocracy government by holy men hamarchy government by a cooperative body of parts hecatarchy government by one hundred people$ hecatontarchy hecatontarchy government by one hundred people hendecarchy government by eleven people heptarchy government by seven people heroarchy government by heroes /C hetaerocracy government by paramours heterarchy government by a foreign ruler hierarchy government by a ranked body$ government by priests hierocracy government by priests or religious ministers hipparchy rule or control of horses hoplarchy government by the military hyperanarchy condition of extreme anarchy hyperarchy excessive government iatrarchy government by physicians idiocracy personal rule$ self%rule infantocracy government by an infant isocracy e"ual political power esuitocracy government by ;esuits untocracy government by a unta kakistocracy government by the worst kleptocracy government by thieves kritarchy government by udges landocracy government by the propertied class$ timocracy logocracy government of words matriarchy government by women or mothers meritocracy government by the meritorious merocracy government by a part of the citi'enry mesocracy government by the middle classes metrocracy government by mothers or women$ matriarchy millionocracy government by millionaires millocracy government by mill owners mobocracy government by mobs or crowds /D monarchy government by one individual moneyocracy government by the monied classes monocracy government by one individual myriarchy government by ten thousand individuals narcokleptocracy government by those who pro#t from trade in illegal drugs navarchy rulership over the seas neocracy government by new or inexperienced rulers nomocracy government based on legal system$ rule of law ochlocracy government by mobs octarchy government by eight people oligarchy government by the few paedarchy government by children paedocracy government by children$ paedarchy panarchy universal rule or dominion pantarchy government by all the people$ world government pantisocracy government by all e"ually paparchy government by the pope papyrocracy government by newspapers or literature parsonarchy government by parsons partocracy government by a single unopposed political party patriarchy government by men or fathers pedantocracy government by pedants or strict rule%bound scholars pentarchy government by #ve individuals phallocracy government by men philosophocracy government by philosophers phylarchy government by a speci#c class or tribe physiocracy government according to natural laws or principles >0 pigmentocracy government by those of one skin colour plantocracy government by plantation owners plousiocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracy plutarchy government by the wealthy$ plutocracy plutocracy government by the wealthy polarchy government by many people$ polyarchy policeocracy government by police pollarchy government by the multitude or a mob$ ochlocracy polyarchy government by many people polycracy government by many rulers$ polyarchy popocracy government by populists pornocracy government by harlots prophetocracy government by a prophet psephocracy government resulting from election by ballot ptochocracy government by beggars or paupers$ wholesale pauperi'ation punditocracy government by political pundits "uangocracy rule of "uasi%autonomous non%governmental organi'ations rotocracy government by those who control rotten boroughs septarchy government by seven rulers$ heptarchy shopocracy government by shopkeepers slavocracy government by slave%owners snobocracy government by snobs sociocracy government by society as a whole s"uarsonocracy government by landholding clergymen s"uatterarchy government by s"uatters$ s"uattocracy s"uattocracy government by s"uatters s"uirearchy government by s"uires >. s"uirocracy government by s"uires$ s"uirearchy statocracy government by the state alone, without ecclesiastical in8uence stratarchy rulership over an army stratocracy military rule or despotism strumpetocracy government by strumpets synarchy oint sovereignty technocracy government by technical experts tetradarchy government by four people$ tetrarchy tetrarchy government by four people thalassiarchy sovereignty of the seas$ thalassocracy thalassocracy sovereignty of the seas thearchy rule by a god or gods$ body of divine rulers theatrocracy goverment by gathered assemblies of citi'ens theocracy government by priests or by religious law timarchy government by the propertied class$ timocracy timocracy government by the propertied class triarchy government by three people tritarchy government by three people$ triarchy tritheocracy government by three gods whiggarchy government by )higs xenocracy government by a body of foreigners FORMS OF WORSHIP This list of @0 words refers to forms of worship % not speci#c religions or belief systems, but rather terms that denote a speci#c obect of worship, be it saints, snakes or whatever. <elated word lists you might want to check out are those for philosophical 'isms' and ecclesiastical terms. The words in this list mostly end in 0%latry0, from the Greek latreuein, to worship. )hile my wife >( might obect, it is clear that my own reverence for words makes me a grammatolater. 3 suspect that this list may be rather incomplete, since people worship all kinds of cra'y things these days. Word Defnition aischrolatry worship of #lth, dirt, or smut allotheism belief in or worship of strange gods angelolatry worship of or belief in angels anthropolatry worship of human beings arborolatry worship of trees archaeolatry worship of archaic things or old customs astrolatry worship of stars autolatry self%worship bardolatry excessive devotion to or worship of =hakespeare bibliolatry worship of the Gible or other books &hristolatry worship of &hrist cosmolatry worship of the world cynolatry worship of dogs demonolatry worship of or devotion to demons dendrolatry worship of trees ecclesiolatry excessive devotion to church tradition and form epeolatry worship of words episcopolatry worship of bishops gamidolatry worship of marriage gastrolatry gluttony$ excessive love of food geolatry earth%worship grammatolatry worship of letters and words gyniolatry deep respect or devotion for women hagiolatry worship or reverence for saints heliolatry sun worship >3 hierolatry worship of saints or sacred things hygeiolatry excessive devotion to health ichthyolatry the worship of #sh iconolatry image%worship ideolatry worship of ideas idiolatry self%worship$ egotism idolatry worship of idols ignicolist #re%worshipper litholatry stone%worship lordolatry worship of nobility Jariolatry worship of the virgin mother martyrolatry excessive devotion to martyrs mechanolatry worship of machines monolatry worship of one god without excluding belief in others necrolatry worship of the dead neolatry worship of novelty onolatry worship of asses or donkeys ophiolatry worship of snakes ophism snake%worship pandemonism worship of spirits dwelling in all forms of nature parthenolatry worship of the Lirgin Jary patriolatry excessive devotion or worship of one's native country physiolatry nature%worship planetolatry worship of the planets plutolatry worship of wealth poetolatry worship of poets pseudolatry false worship >/ pyrolatry #re%worship selenolatry worship of the moon statolatry worship of the state staurolatry worship of the cross or cruci#x symbolatry undue worship of symbols thaumatolatry worship of miracles or wonders theriolatry animal%worship 'oolatry excessive devotion to animals or pets PHOBIAS This is a list that has been stewing on my hard drive for several years, de#ning .3@ phobias, irrational or pathological fears of various things. The reason 3've resisted is that someone else has done a far more thorough ob than 3 could ever do, over at The 4hobia ?ist, where around >30 phobias are listed. Bowever, so many people over the years have asked for a 4hrontistery phobia list that 3've #nally capitulated. )hile the 4hobia ?ist includes phobias used in medical papers or other printed sources, but not in a maor reference dictionary, 3 strongly recommend it to those interested in phobias. !ET-5 3 am not an expert on phobias or mental illness. Jy interest in phobias is strictly limited to words. Word Defnition acarophobia fear of itching or of insects causing itching acrophobia fear of heights aerophobia fear of 8ying or draughts agoraphobia fear of open spaces agyiophobia fear of crossing busy streets >> aichmophobia fear of sharp or pointed obects ailurophobia fear of cats algophobia fear of pain amathophobia fear of dust amaxophobia fear of riding in a car ambulophobia fear of walking anglophobia fear of -ngland or the -nglish anthrophobia fear of humans anuptaphobia fear of staying single a"uaphobia fear of water arachibutyrophobia fear of peanut butter sticking to roof of mouth arachnophobia fear of spiders astraphobia fear of being struck by lightning astrapophobia fear of thunder and lightning automysophobia fear of being dirty autophobia fear of solitude ballistophobia fear of missiles bathophobia fear of falling from a high place batophobia fear of heights or being close to tall buildings batrachophobia fear of frogs and toads belonephobia fear of pins and needles bibliophobia fear of books blennophobia fear of slime brontophobia fear of thunder and lightning cancerophobia fear of cancer cathisophobia fear of sitting cenophobia fear of empty spaces chrematophobia fear of money >@ cibophobia fear of or distaste for food claustrophobia fear of closed spaces climacophobia fear of falling down stairs clinophobia fear of staying in bed cremnophobia fear of cli1s and precipices cyberphobia fear of computers cynophobia fear of dogs dromophobia fear of crossing streets dysmorphophobia fear of physical deformities ecophobia fear of home eleutherophobia fear of freedom eosophobia fear of dawn ergasiophobia fear of work ergophobia fear of work erotophobia fear of sex erythrophobia fear of red lights or of blushing euphobia fear of good news 2rancophobia fear of 2rance or the 2rench gallophobia fear of 2rance or the 2rench gamophobia fear of marriage geniophobia fear of chins genophobia fear of sex gerascophobia fear of growing old graphophobia fear of writing gymnophobia fear of nudity heliophobia fear of sunlight herpetophobia fear of snakes >A hierophobia fear of sacred things homichlophobia fear of fog homophobia fear of homosexuals hydrophobia fear of water hypsophobia fear of high places iatrophobia fear of going to the doctor iconophobia fear or hatred of images kainotophobia fear of change kakorrhaphiophobia fear of failure kenophobia fear of empty spaces ligyrophobia fear of loud noises linonophobia fear of string lygophobia fear of darkness lyssophobia fear of hydrophobia macrophobia fear of prolonged waiting metrophobia fear of poetry monophobia fear of being alone muriphobia fear of mice myophobia fear of mice mysophobia fear of contamination or dirt nebulaphobia fear of fog necrophobia fear of corpses negrophobia fear of blacks neophobia fear of novelty nosophobia fear of disease novercaphobia fear of one's stepmother nyctophobia fear of the night or darkness >C ochlophobia fear of crowds oenophobia fear or hatred of wine ombrophobia fear of rain onomatophobia fear of hearing a certain word ophidiophobia fear of snakes ophthalmophobia fear of being stared at optophobia fear of opening one:s eyes ornithophobia fear of birds paedophobia fear of children$ fear of dolls panophobia melancholia marked by groundless fears pantophobia fear of everything parthophobia fear of virgins pathophobia fear of disease pediculophobia fear of lice pentheraphobia fear or hatred of one:s mother%in%law phagophobia fear of eating phengophobia fear of daylight phonophobia fear of noise or of speaking aloud photophobia fear of light pogonophobia fear of beards psychrophobia fear of the cold pteronophobia fear of being tickled by feathers pyrophobia fear of #re <ussophobia fear of <ussia or <ussians satanophobia fear of the devil sciaphobia fear of shadows scopophobia fear of being looked at >D scoptophobia fear of being looked at scotophobia fear of the dark sitiophobia fear of food sitophobia fear of food or eating spectrophobia fear of looking in a mirror symmetrophobia fear of symmetry syphilophobia fear of syphilis taphephobia fear of being buried alive technophobia fear of technology thalassophobia fear of the sea thanatophobia fear of death theophobia fear of God tocophobia fear of pregnancy or childbirth tonitrophobia fear of thunder topophobia fear of performing$ fear of certain places toxicophobia fear of poisoning toxiphobia fear of poison or being poisoned triskaidekaphobia fear of the number thirteen uranophobia fear of heaven xenophobia fear of foreigners 'elophobia fear of ealousy 'oophobia fear of animals NONSENSE WORDS This is a rather unusual glossary in that all of the words on the list are essentially synonymous % they are nouns meaning nonsense, gibberish, claptrap, hogwash, rubbish ... you get the idea. 3t probably shouldn't be @0 surprising that this category is so productive of weird words. 7fter all, what better way to disparage someone's ideas than to combine some nonsense syllables to make a descriptor for themM Nou more or less always can identify their meaning from context alone % either they're used as interections, preceded by words like 'such' or 'unadulterated' or 'ridiculous'. Gut which to chooseM Nou have the reduplicated ones +#ddle%faddle,, the pseudo%classical +brimborion,, the ones that literally mean something repulsive +spinach,, and of course the wide variety that are euphemisms for bodily functions. -xcluded from this list are the wide variety of very fun terms that are simple vulgarities without any speci#c reference to nonsense. Word Defnition ackamarackus pretentious or deceptive nonsense baboonery foolishness$ stupidity$ nonsense balderdash nonsense$ a umble of words ballyhoo bombastic or pretentious nonsense baloney humbug$ nonsense bambosh deceptive nonsense bilge lower point of inner hull of a ship$ nonsense or rubbish blague humbug$ pretentious nonsense blague pretentious nonsense blarney skilful 8attery$ nonsense bletherskate a garrulous talker of nonsense brimborion worthless nonsense$ trash bugaboo loud or empty nonsense buncombe speech%making intended for the mass media$ humbug bunk nonsense$ humbug bushwa nonsense cack rubbish$ worthless nonsense claptrap showy language designed to gain praise$ nonsense clatfart idle chatter$ nonsense @. codswallop something utterly senseless$ nonsense e1utiation twaddle$ humbug eyewash humbug$ something done merely for e1ect fadoodle nonsense falderal nonsense$ meaningless refrain of a song fandangle pretentious tomfoolery #ddlededee nonsense #ddle%faddle tri8ing talk 8am humbug$ trickery 8annel ostentatious nonsense 8apdoodle gross 8attery$ nonsense 8im8am nonsense$ trickery 8ummadiddle nonsense$ humbug 8ummery anything insipid$ empty compliment$ humbug fribble frivolous nonsense$ a tri8ing thing or person fustian pretentious writing or speech$ in8ated or nonsensical language galbanum nonsense$ a kind of gum resin galimatias nonsense$ confused mixture of unrelated things gammon to feign an action$ perpetrate a hoax on$ nonsense, rubbish gibberish nonsense talk grimgribber learned gibberish$ legal argon haver foolish nonsense hibber%gibber gibberish hogwash nonsense$ worthless idea hooey nonsense$ humbug humbug nonsense abberwock nonsense, gibberish iggery%pokery deceptive or manipulative humbug @( kelter nonsense kidology deceptive trickery$ nonsense linsey%woolsey coarse inferior wool or wool%8ax weave$ nonsense or confusion macaroni nonsense$ foolishness malarkey humbug$ nonsense morology nonsense mullock nonsense$ rubbish mumbo%umbo obscure nonsense narrischkeit foolishness$ nonsense nugament nonsense$ tri8e phonus%bolonus exaggerated trickery or nonsense piddle nonsense pigwash rubbish$ nonsense poppycock humbug$ nonsense posh nonsense "uatsch nonsense rannyga'oo foolish nonsense ra''mata'' meaningless talk$ hype$ nonsense rhubarb nonsense$ actors' nonsense background chatter riddle%me%ree nonsense language rottack rubbish$ nonsense schmegeggy nonsense$ an idiot shuck nonsense skittles rubbish$ nonsense slipslop nonsensical talk spinach nonsense s"uit silly talk$ nonsense$ an insigni#cant person @3 stultilo"uence foolish or senseless talk taradiddle senseless talk$ deception$ nonsense tarradiddle lie$ falsehood$ nonsense$ #b tootle nonsensical writing or speech tosh rubbish$ drivel$ nonsense trumpery deception$ trickery$ showy nonsense twaddle rubbish$ nonsense RARE THREE-LETTER WORDS 7dd two and one and you may ken the odd key 3'll use for now. !ot yetM 'Tis not too bad, but 3'll aid you. Thy tip5 0wee0. !ow can you spy the keyM Nes6 Nou win6 Gut you see how its use can vex the ego, and 3'll end. Gut who can say it's not funM 7ll right, enough of that6 This list consists of .>. very obscure, very short words, each with only three letters. Jy wife has always told me that si'e doesn't matter, and this list proves that maxim true. )hile you're not likely to use any of them in daily conversation, these tiny creatures might ust prove useful someday % if only in a game of =crabble+<,. !ote5 for a complete list of acceptable two and three%letter =crabble words, consult this page. Word Defnition aba garment of camel or goat hair$ camel or goat%hair fabric abb yarn used for warp aby to make amends$ atone$ pay a penalty ait small island in lake or river ala membranous outgrowth on a plant or animal alb long white robe worn by priests alk sap or resin from turpentine trees alt high musical tone ama a ;apanese pearl%diver @/ ana in e"ual "uantities ard plough used to scratch top surface of soil awn beard or similar bristly growth on stalk of grain bar unit of pressure of one million dynes per s"uare centimeter bee hardwood on either side of bowsprit through which forestays are reeved bel unit of noise intensity e"ual to ten decibels bis twice$ in two places bot larva of a bot8y that infests horses cep brown edible mushroom cog single%masted, s"uare%sailed ship with raised stern col depression or pass in a mountain range cwm valley or glen dag dirty tatted tuft of sheep's wool dah short heavy Gurmese knife dal a dried legume, such as lentils, beans or peas dap to dip gently into water$ to #sh with a surface 8y daw simpleton$ bird of the crow family dit poem$ words of a song dol unit for measuring intensity of pain dop copper cup for holding a diamond while cutting it eft again$ afterwards eft newt eke in addition$ also$ likewise ell old unit of length e"ual to /> inches ere before erg unit of work measuring force of one dyne applied over one centimeter eth old -nglish letter for voiced 'th' sound #d conical wooden pin used to splice strands of rope @> #e expression of disgust or disapproval fub to put o1$ to fob fug hot$ close$ smoky state of atmosphere gad to wander about idly or in pursuit of pleasure gal unit of acceleration of one centimeter per second per second gar mild oath gat opening or strait between two sandbanks gib wedge%shaped piece of metal that holds another in place gid brain disease su1ered by sheep gig light two%wheeled one%horse carriage hoc card game, now obsolete hod L%shaped trough for carrying bricks or mortar on the shoulders hoy large one%decked boat ife tropical 7frican #brous plant i1 if and only if ist one who holds to an 'ism' ivi Tahitian chestnut tree ib small triangular sail extending from the head of the foremast ow to ring a bell$ a stroke of a bell ud mass of coal ready for #nal removal ug sound of the nightingale us law$ legal right keb ewe that gives birth to stillborn lamb ked wingless 8y that feeds on livestock kef state of dreamy or drug%induced repose kep to catch an approaching obect or falling li"uid ket carrion$ matted wool @@ kex dry hollow plant stalk kif drug like mariuana smoked in !orth 7frica kip skin of a young animal kip unit of weight e"uivalent to .000 pounds kir drink of black currant syrup and white wine kit a small pocket violin kop bank of terracing at a football #eld lac dark red transparent resin used to make shellac lar local god of a house lea arable land left fallow or used for pasture lev monetary unit of Gulgaria ley mystical straight line between features of landscape lux unit of illumination e"ual to one lumen per s"uare meter mel honey mew to shed, moult or change mho unit of electrical conductance mil unit of .O.000 inch used for measuring thickness of wire mim prim, demure mon ;apanese family crest mor humus layer formed by slow decomposition in acidic soil mow to make a grimace neb bird's beak nef ornamental stand in shape of ship for holding salt or cutlery nim to steal$ to pilfer obi broad sash worn with a kimono ord point of a weapon$ a beginning orf viral infection of sheep @A ort scrap of food$ morsel pam card game in which ack of club has highest value pax tablet decorated with sacred #gure and kissed by participants in mass ped naturally formed mass or aggregate of soil per through$ according to$ by means or agency of pro in favour of$ for pug ground clay mixed with water puy small volcanic cone pyx box or vessel in which coins or consecrated -ucharist are kept "at leaves chewed or brewed in tea as a stimulant "ua in the capacity of ras headland rep plain%woven fabric with crosswise ribs ret to expose to moisture$ to soak$ to soften by soaking rev to run an engine before bringing it into use ria normal drowned valley$ long wide creek roc enormous legendary 7rabian bird rom a gypsy man rya colourful =candinavian knotted%pile rug sal a salt saw saying or proverb say delicate woollen fabric seg stud or metal plate in sole of a shoe to prevent wear sic thus su" Jiddle -astern marketplace ta crown or head%dress taw to prepare skins by soaking, salting, stretching and paring @C ted to spread grass for drying teg a sheep in its second year$ the 8eece of such a sheep te -thiopian honey%mead tex unit of measurement of #neness of #bres and yarn tod old unit of weight of wool e"ual to (C pounds tog unit of measurement for insulation properties of fabric ton unit of cooling power e"ual to .(,000 GTI per hour tot bone or other obect retrieved from garbage pile tow bundle of untwisted natural #bres tup ram$ pile%driver$ striking face of steam hammer or ackhammer tye inclined trough for washing ore ure use$ custom vis force$ power vug small cavity in a rock wen enormously congested city wey old measure for dry goods usually e"ual to /0 bushels wis to know, to believe wye a N%branching pipe or railroad track arrangement wyn old -nglish rune having value 'w' yad rod used by readers of the Torah as a pointer for following text yag synthetic diamond made of yttrium aluminum garnet yam posting%house along a road yaw to move unsteadily side to side$ to rotate about a vertical axis yen craving or yearning yeo stream or drain used in mining yew to rise, as a layer of froth in a boiling li"uid yex to hiccup, belch or spit @D yok peorative ;ewish term for a non%;ew yon yonder$ that over there$ those over there 'ek inmate of prison labour camp 'el form of Eriental cymbal 'ho cross between a yak and a cow 'ug waterproof leather used for boots FEEDING AND EATING ?ike many people, 3 enoy eating % perhaps too much so. This list of ..3 words describes di1erent things one could eat, although a human would have to be pretty desperate to eat lice or limestone. Then again, 3've eaten at JcKonald's hundreds of times, so 3'm not that sure that 3 haven't already done so. These words generally end in 0phagous0, from the Greek phagein, or 0vorous0, from ?atin vorare, both verbs meaning 0to eat0. )hich su9x you want to use depends on whether you feel like having souvlaki or spaghetti. Word Defnition allotriophagy craving for strange foods androphagy cannibalism anthropophaginian cannibal anthropophagous eating humans aphagia inability to eat or swallow apivorous eating bees arachnivorous feeding on spiders autocoprophagy eating one's own feces autophagy feeding on body's own tissues baccivorous eating berries batrachivorous frog%eating bibliophagist one who devours books, literally or #guratively A0 calcivorous feeding on or living in limestone cardophagus donkey$ something that eats thistles carnivorous eating 8esh carpophagous fruit%eating cepivorous onion%eating chthonophagia eating dirt comburivorous consuming by #re coprophagous eating feces creatophagous carnivorous$ 8esh%eating creophagous 8esh%eating$ carnivorous detritivore animal that eats decomposing organic matter dysphagia pathological di9culty in swallowing endophagy cannibalism within a tribe$ eating away from within entomophagous eating insects e"uivorous consuming horse8esh exophagy cannibalism outside one's own group foliophagous eating leaves$ eating folios of books formivorous eating ants fructivorous feeding on fruit frugivorous eating fruit fucivorous eating seaweed galactophagist milk drinker gamophagia destruction of one gamete by another geophagy practice of feeding on soil$ dirt%eating glossophagine eating using the tongue graminivorous feeding on grass or cereals granivorous feeding on seeds gumnivorous feeding on tree saps A. herbivorous eating only plant matter hippophagy feeding on horses homnivorous eating humans hylophagous eating wood hyperphagia eating too much ichthyophagous #sh%eating insectivorous eating insects kreatophagia eating of raw meat larvivorous feeding on larvae lignivorous feeding on wood limivorous eating mud lithophagous stone%swallowing$ rock%boring$ eating rock lotophagous feeding on lotuses$ indolent$ la'y$ dreamy mallophagous eating wool or 8eece meconophagist consumer of opium or heroin meliphagous feeding upon honey mellivorous honey%eating merdivorous dung%eating microphagous feeding on small creatures or plants monophagous feeding on only one type of food mucivorous feeding on plant uices mycophagous eating fungus myristicivorous feeding upon nutmegs myrmecophagous feeding on ants necrophagous feeding on the dead nectarivorous feeding on nectar nucivorous nut%eating A( omnivorous eating anything$ eating both plant and animal matter omophagy eating of raw 8esh as a ritual observance onychophagist nail%biter ophiophagous eating snakes ory'ivorous rice%eating ossivorous feeding on bones ostreophagous oyster%eating ovivorous eating eggs ovivorous eating sheep paedophage eater of children pagophagia eating trays of ice to help o1set iron de#ciency panivorous bread%eating pantophagy omnivorousness phthirophagous lice%eating phyllophagous leaf%eating phytivorous feeding on plants phytophagous feeding on vegetable matter piscivorous #sh%eating placentophagy eating of the placenta plantivorous plant%eating plasmophagous consuming plasma poephagous eating grass or herbs$ herbivorous poltophagy prolonged chewing of food polyphagous eating many types of food psomophagy swallowing food without thorough chewing radicivorous eating roots ranivorous eating frogs A3 rhi'ophagous root%eating rhypophagy eating #lth sanguivorous blood%drinking saprophagous feeding on decaying material sarcophagous feeding on 8esh$ carnivorous saurophagous eating li'ards scatophagous dung%eating seminivorous seed%eating stercovorous feeding on dung or excrement thalerophagous feeding on fresh vegetable matter theophagy sacramental consumption of a god toxicophagous eating poison toxiphagous poison%eating univorous living on only one host or source of food vegetivorous eating vegetables vermivorous eating worms xerophagy eating of dry food$ fast of dry food in the week preceding -aster xylophagous wood%eating 'oophagy eating animals DIVINATION AND FORTUNE-TELLING This list de#nes .@3 terms for kinds of divination and fortune telling, ranging from very common +runes, tarot cards, or horoscopes, to extraordinarily rare. 3n fact, you won't believe the range of methods that people have developed to rip other people o1 by claiming they can predict the future. The vast maority of these words end in 'mancy', from the Greek word for divination, manteia. This list thus does not include general terms such as 'astrology' and 'numerology', which are etymologically sciences rather than fortune%telling techni"ues. 2eel free to send me any new 'mancies' you may have A/ encountered. 2inally, allow me to propose a neologism5 novocentomancy, the art of divination by calling '.%D00' numbers for TL psychics. Word Defnition acultomancy divination using needles aeromancy divination by means of the weather ailuromancy divination by watching cats: movements alectormancy divination by sacri#cing a rooster alectryomancy divination by watching a rooster gather corn kernels aleuromancy divination using 8our or meal alomancy divination using salt alphitomancy divination using loaves of barley alveromancy divination using sounds ambulomancy divination by taking a walk amniomancy divination by examining afterbirth anthomancy divination using 8owers anthracomancy divination using burning coals anthropomancy divination using human entrails apantomancy divination using obects at hand arithmancy divination using numbers armomancy divination by examining one:s shoulders aspidomancy divination by sitting and chanting within a circle astragalomancy divination using dice or knucklebones astromancy divination using stars austromancy divination using wind axinomancy divination using an axe or hatchet batra"uomancy divination using frogs belomancy divination by means of arrows bibliomancy divination by opening a book at random A> botanomancy divination using burning branches or plants brontomancy divination using thunder capnomancy divination by means of smoke cartomancy telling fortunes using playing cards catoptromancy divination by examining mirror placed underwater causimancy divination by means of #re ceneromancy divination using ashes cephalonomancy divination by boiling an ass head ceraunomancy divination using thunderbolts ceraunoscopy divination using lightning ceromancy divination by means of wax drippings ceroscopy divination using wax chaomancy divination by examining phenomena of the air chirognomy divination by studying the hands chiromancy divination by means of palmistry chronomancy divination by means of time cleidomancy divination using keys cleromancy divination using dice conchomancy divination using shells coscinomancy divination using a sieve and a pair of shears crithomancy divination by strewing meal over sacri#ces critomancy divination using viands and cakes cromnyomancy divination using onions crystallomancy divination by means of clear obects crystalomancy divination using a crystal globe cubomancy divination by throwing dice dactyliomancy divination by means of a #nger dactylomancy divination using rings A@ daphnomancy divination using a laurel demonomancy divination using demons dririmancy divination by observing dripping blood emonomancy divination using demons enoptromancy divination using mirrors eromancy divination using water vessels extispicy divination using entrails 8oromancy belief that 8owers have feelings gastromancy divination by sounds from the belly geloscopy fortune%telling by means of laughter geomancy divination by casting earth onto a surface grafology divination by studying writing graptomancy divination by studying handwriting gyromancy divination by falling from di''iness halomancy divination using salt haruspication divination by inspecting animal entrails hematomancy divination using blood hepatoscopy divination by examining animal livers hieromancy divination by studying obects o1ered in sacri#ce hieroscopy divination using entrails hippomancy divination using horses hydromancy divination using water hypnomancy divination using sleep ichnomancy divination using footprints ichthyomancy divination by inspecting #sh entrails iconomancy divination using icons idolomancy divination using idols AA kephalonomancy divination using a baked ass:s head keraunoscopia divination using thunder knissomancy divination using burning incense labiomancy lip reading lampadomancy divination by 8ame lecanomancy divination using water in a basin or pool libanomancy divination by watching incense smoke lithomancy divination by stones or meteorites logarithmancy divination by means of algorithms logomancy divination using words macromancy divination using large obects maculomancy divination using spots margaritomancy divination using pearls mathemancy divination by counting meconomancy divination using sleep meteoromancy divination by studying meteors metopomancy divination using the forehead or face metoposcopy fortune%telling or udgement of character by the lines of the forehead micromancy divination using small obects myomancy divination from the movements of mice narcomancy divination using sleep necyomancy divination by summoning =atan nomancy divination by examining letters of name odontomancy divination using teeth oenomancy divination by studying appearance of wine oinomancy divination using wine ololygmancy fortune%telling by the howling of dogs AC omoplatoscopy divination by observing cracks in burning scapulae omphalomancy divination from the knots in the umbilical cord oneiromancy divination by dreams onomancy divination using a donkey or ass onomancy divination using proper names onychomancy divination by the #ngernails onymancy divination by the #ngernails oomancy divination using eggs ophidiomancy divination using snakes ophiomancy divination by watching snakes ornithomancy divination by observing 8ight of birds oryctomancy divination using excavated obects ossomancy divination using bones osteomancy divination using bones ouranomancy divination using the heavens pedomancy divination by examining the soles of the feet pegomancy divination by springs or fountains pessomancy divination using pebbles phyllomancy divination using leaves or tea leaves physiognomancy divination by studying the face psephomancy divination by drawing lots or markers at random psychomancy divination by means of spirits pyromancy divination using #re retromancy divination by looking over one:s shoulder rhabdomancy divination using a rod or stick rhapsodomancy divination by opening works of poetry at random scapulomancy divination by examining burnt shoulder blade AD scatomancy divination by studying excrement scatoscopy divination by studying excrement$ scatomancy schematomancy divination using the human form sciomancy divination using ghosts scyphomancy divination by means of a cup selenomancy divination by studying the moon sideromancy divination using stars$ divination by burning straws sortilege divination by drawing lots spasmatomancy divination by twitching or convulsions of the body spatilomancy divination by means of feces spheromancy divination using a crystal ball spodomancy divination by means of ashes stercomancy fortune%telling by studying seeds in dung stichomancy divination by picking passages from books at random stolisomancy divination by observing how one dresses oneself sycomancy divination using #g leaves tephromancy divination by ashes theomancy divination by means of oracles thrioboly divination using pebbles thumomancy divination by means of one's own soul tiromancy divination using cheese topomancy divination using landforms trochomancy divination by studying wheel tracks tyromancy divination using cheese uranomancy divination by studying the heavens urimancy divination by observing urine xenomancy divination using strangers C0 xylomancy divination by examining wood found in one:s path 'oomancy divination by observing animals PHILOSOPHICAL ISMS Bere are (3/ di1erent isms, each representing a philosophical, political or moral doctrine or a belief system. 3n selecting terms for the list, 3 have deliberately avoided any word which apply ism to a personal name, so that Jarxism doesn't count although it is otherwise an ideal candidate for the list. 3 also excluded isms which do not refer to a speci#c belief system, such as impressionism +an artistic movement, or alcoholism +a disease,. Kespite these omissions, enough remain to leave an ism in every pot, including beliefs about proper government, God, and the nature of existence itself. Ef the terms on the list that are of a religious nature, most are &hristian, which is not unexpected, but 3'm open to adding isms from other world religions. Word Defnition absolutism doctrine of government by a single absolute ruler$ autocracy absurdism doctrine that we live in an irrational universe academicism doctrine that nothing can be known accidentalism theory that events do not have causes acosmism disbelief in existence of eternal universe distinct from God adamitism nakedness for religious reasons adevism denial of gods of mythology and legend adiaphorism doctrine of theological indi1erence or latitudinarianism adoptionism belief that &hrist was the adopted and not natural son of God aestheticism doctrine that beauty is central to other moral principles agapism ethics of love agathism belief in ultimate triumph of good despite evil means agnosticism doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena anarchism doctrine that all governments should be abolished C. animism attribution of soul to inanimate obects annihilationism doctrine that the wicked are utterly destroyed after death anthropomorphism attribution of human "ualities to non%human things anthropotheism belief that gods are only dei#ed men antidisestablishmentarian ism doctrine opposed to removing &hurch of -ngland's o9cial religion status antilapsarianism denial of doctrine of the fall of humanity antinomianism doctrine of the reection of moral law antipedobaptism denial of validity of infant baptism apocalypticism doctrine of the imminent end of the world asceticism doctrine that self%denial of the body permits spiritual enlightenment aspheterism denial of the right to private property atheism belief that there is no God atomism belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particles autosoterism belief that one can obtain salvation through oneself autotheism belief that one is God incarnate or that one is &hrist bitheism belief in two gods bonism the doctrine that the world is good but not perfect bullionism belief in the importance of metallic currency in economics capitalism doctrine that private ownership and free markets should govern economies casualism the belief that chance governs all things catabaptism belief in the wrongness of infant baptism catastrophism belief in rapid geological and biological change collectivism doctrine of communal control of means of production collegialism theory that church is independent from the state conceptualism theory that universal truths exist as mental concepts conservatism belief in maintaining political and social traditions C( constructivism belief that knowledge and reality do not have an obective value cosmism belief that the cosmos is a self%existing whole cosmotheism the belief that identi#es God with the cosmos deism belief in God but reection of religion determinism doctrine that events are predetermined by preceding events or laws diphysitism belief in the dual nature of &hrist ditheism belief in two e"ual gods, one good and one evil ditheletism doctrine that &hrist had two wills dualism doctrine that the universe is controlled by one good and one evil force egalitarianism belief that humans ought to be e"ual in rights and privileges egoism doctrine that the pursuit of self%interest is the highest good egotheism identi#cation of oneself with God eidolism belief in ghosts emotivism theory that moral statements are inherently biased empiricism doctrine that the experience of the senses is the only source of knowledge entryism doctrine of oining a group to change its policies epiphenomenalism doctrine that mental processes are epiphenomena of brain activity eternalism the belief that matter has existed eternally eudaemonism ethical belief that happiness e"uals morality euhemerism explanation of mythology as growing out of history existentialism doctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universe experientialism doctrine that knowledge comes from experience fallibilism the doctrine that empirical knowledge is uncertain fatalism doctrine that events are #xed and humans are powerless #deism doctrine that knowledge depends on faith over reason C3 #nalism belief that an end has or can be reached fortuitism belief in evolution by chance variation functionalism doctrine emphasising utility and function geocentrism belief that -arth is the centre of the universe gnosticism belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge gradualism belief that things proceed by degrees gymnobiblism belief that the Gible can be presented to unlearned without commentary hedonism belief that pleasure is the highest good henism doctrine that there is only one kind of existence henotheism belief in one tribal god, but not as the only god historicism belief that all phenomena are historically determined holism doctrine that parts of any thing must be understood in relation to the whole holobaptism belief in baptism with total immersion in water humanism belief that human interests and mind are paramount humanitarianism doctrine that the highest moral obligation is to improve human welfare hylicism materialism hylomorphism belief that matter is cause of the universe hylopathism belief in ability of matter to a1ect the spiritual world hylotheism belief that the universe is purely material hylo'oism doctrine that all matter is endowed with life idealism belief that our experiences of the world consist of ideas identism doctrine that obective and subective, or matter and mind, are identical ignorantism doctrine that ignorance is a favourable thing illuminism belief in an inward spiritual light illusionism belief that the external world is philosophy C/ imagism doctrine of use of precise images with unrestricted subect immanentism belief in an immanent or permanent god immaterialism the doctrine that there is no material substance immoralism reection of morality indi1erentism the belief that all religions are e"ually valid individualism belief that individual interests and rights are paramount instrumentalism doctrine that ideas are instruments of action intellectualism belief that all knowledge is derived from reason interactionism belief that mind and body act on each other introspectionism doctrine that knowledge of mind must derive from introspection intuitionism belief that the perception of truth is by intuition irreligionism system of belief that is hostile to religions kathenotheism polytheism in which each god is considered single and supreme kenotism doctrine that &hrist rid himself of divinity in becoming human laicism doctrine of opposition to clergy and priests latitudinarianism doctrine of broad liberality in religious belief and conduct laxism belief that an unlikely opinion may be safely followed legalism belief that salvation depends on strict adherence to the law liberalism doctrine of social change and tolerance libertarianism doctrine that personal liberty is the highest value malism the belief that the world is evil materialism belief that matter is the only extant substance mechanism belief that life is explainable by mechanical forces meliorism the belief the world tends to become better mentalism belief that the world can be explained as aspect of the mind messianism belief in a single messiah or saviour millenarianism belief that an ideal society will be produced in the near future modalism belief in unity of 2ather, =on and Boly =pirit C> monadism theory that there exist ultimate units of being monergism theory that the Boly =pirit alone can act monism belief that all things can be placed in one category monophysitism belief that &hrist was primarily divine but in human form monopsychism belief that individuals have a single eternal soul monotheism belief in only one God monotheletism belief that &hrist had only one will mortalism belief that the soul is mortal mutualism belief in mutual dependence of society and the individual nativism belief that the mind possesses inborn thoughts naturalism belief that the world can be explained in terms of natural forces necessarianism theory that actions are determined by prior history$ fatalism neonomianism theory that the gospel abrogates earlier moral codes neovitalism theory that total material explanation is impossible nihilism denial of all reality$ extreme scepticism nominalism doctrine that naming of things de#nes reality nomism view that moral conduct consists in observance of laws noumenalism belief in existence of noumena nullibilism denial that the soul exists in space numenism belief in local deities or spirits obectivism doctrine that all reality is obective omnism belief in all religions optimism doctrine that we live in the best of all possible worlds organicism conception of life or society as an organism paedobaptism doctrine of infant baptism panaesthetism theory that consciousness may inhere generally in matter pancosmism theory that the material universe is all that exists C@ panegoism solipsism panentheism belief that world is part but not all of God:s being panpsychism theory that all nature has a psychic side pansexualism theory that all thought derived from sexual instinct panspermatism belief in origin of life from extraterrestrial germs pantheism belief that the universe is God$ belief in many gods pan'oism belief that humans and animals share vital life energy parallelism belief that matter and mind don:t interact but relate peorism severe pessimism perfectibilism doctrine that humans capable of becoming perfect perfectionism doctrine that moral perfection constitutes the highest value personalism doctrine that humans possess spiritual freedom pessimism doctrine that the universe is essentially evil phenomenalism belief that phenomena are the only realities physicalism belief that all phenomena reducible to veri#able assertions physitheism attribution of physical form and attributes to deities pluralism belief that reality consists of several kinds or entities polytheism belief in multiple deities positivism doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowable pragmatism doctrine emphasi'ing practical value of philosophy predestinarianism belief that what ever is to happen is already #xed prescriptivism belief that moral edicts are merely orders with no truth value primitivism doctrine that a simple and natural life is morally best privatism attitude of avoiding involvement in outside interests probabiliorism belief that when in doubt one must choose most likely answer probabilism belief that knowledge is always probable but never absolute psilanthropism denial of &hrist's divinity CA psychism belief in universal soul psychomorphism doctrine that inanimate obects have human mentality psychopannychism belief souls sleep from death to resurrection psychotheism doctrine that God is a purely spiritual entity pyrrhonism total or radical skepticism "uietism doctrine of enlightenment through mental tran"uility racism belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities rationalism belief that reason is the fundamental source of knowledge realism doctrine that obects of cognition are real reductionism belief that complex phenomena are reducible to simple ones regalism doctrine of the monarch's supremacy in church a1airs representationalism doctrine that ideas rather than external obects are basis of knowledge republicanism belief that a republic is the best form of government resistentialism humorous theory that inanimate obects display malice towards humans romanticism belief in sentimental feeling in artistic expression sacerdotalism belief that priests are necessary mediators between God and mankind sacramentarianism belief that sacraments have unusual properties scientism belief that the methods of science are universally applicable self%determinism doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself sensationalism belief that ideas originate solely in sensation siderism belief that the stars in8uence human a1airs skepticism doctrine that true knowledge is always uncertain socialism doctrine of centrali'ed state control of wealth and property solarism excessive use of solar myths in explaining mythology soli#dianism doctrine that faith alone will ensure salvation CC solipsism theory that self%existence is the only certainty somatism materialism spatialism doctrine that matter has only spatial, temporal and causal properties spiritualism belief that nothing is real except the soul or spirit stercoranism belief that the consecrated -ucharist is digested and evacuated stoicism belief in indi1erence to pleasure or pain subectivism doctrine that all knowledge is subective substantialism belief that there is a real existence underlying phenomena syndicalism doctrine of direct worker control of capital synergism belief that human will and divine spirit cooperate in salvation terminism doctrine that there is a time limit for repentance thanatism belief that the soul dies with the body theism belief in the existence of God without special revelation theocentrism belief that God is central fact of existence theopantism belief that God is the only reality theopsychism belief that the soul is of a divine nature thnetopsychism belief that the soul dies with the body, to be reborn on day of udgement titanism spirit of revolt or de#ance against social conventions tolerationism doctrine of toleration of religious di1erences totemism belief that a group has a special kinship with an obect or animal transcendentalism theory that emphasi'es that which transcends perception transmigrationism belief that soul passes into other body at death trialism doctrine that humans have three separate essences +body, soul, spirit, tritheism belief that the members of the Trinity are separate gods triumphalism belief in the superiority of one particular religious creed CD tuism theory that individuals have a second or other self tutiorism doctrine that one should take the safer moral course tychism theory that accepts role of pure chance ubi"uitarianism belief that &hrist is everywhere undulationism theory that light consists of waves universalism belief in universal salvation utilitarianism belief that utility of actions determines moral value vitalism the doctrine that there is a vital force behind life voluntarism belief that the will dominates the intellect 'oism doctrine that life originates from a single vital principle 'oomorphism conception of a god or man in animal form 'ootheism attribution of divine "ualities to animals NAMES FOR NAMES )hen my brother and 3 were little, our parents used to oke that if one of us had been a girl, they could have named us &hris and 7lice, so that we would be 0&hris and 7lice &hrisomalis0. 2ortunately for all concerned, they did not do so, because names are very powerful things +here are some more of my thoughts on the subect,. 7nyway, this short and probably incomplete list de#nes about /0 words relating to names. These words contain the root 0nym0, which comes from the Greek onoma, a name. Word Defnition acronym word formed from initial letters of another word allonym other person's name used by an author ananym name written backward$ often used as synonym anonym person whose name is not given$ pseudonym antonym word whose meaning is the opposite of a given word aptronym name that suits its owner autonym a writer's real name$ work published under writer's own name D0 caconym wrongly derived name cohyponym word which is one of multiple hyponyms of another word cryptonym secret name dionym name containing two parts or terms eponym personal name from which another name is derived euonym a pleasing or beautiful name euonymous appropriately named euphonym euphonious synonym exonym name for a town or country in a foreign language heteronym word having same spelling but di1erent sound and meaning homonym words having the same sound but di1erent meanings hypernym word representing a class of words or things hyponym term which is a member of a larger class isonym word having the same derivation or form as another meronym word whose relation to another is a part to the whole metonymy #gurative use of word to name an attribute of its subect metronymy system of naming after the mother's or female line onymous bearing the author:s name paedonymic name taken from one's child paranym euphemism$ word whose meaning altered to conceal evasion paronym word from same root or having same sound as another patronym name derived from father's name poecilonym synonym polyonym name consisting of several words pseudonym #ctitious name used by an author retronym new name as modi#cation of older term used alone synonym word whose meaning is the same as another word D. tautonym taxonomic name in which genus and species are the same teknonymy the naming of the parent from the child toponym place name derived from geographical feature trionym name consisting of three words D( UNUSUAL ANIMALS Ever the years, a number of correspondents have written to me, asking for the names of words for weird animals beginning with certain letters of the alphabet, especially those beginning with x, ", and '. Bere, #nally, is a glossary of 3(0 unusual words describing di1erent animals, both common and obscure. The list itself will never be complete, and is simply a selection of di1erent species and types of animal. 3t is not meant to be a representative sample of the world's faunal biodiversity % it is heavily skewed towards mammals, for instance % and speci#cally excludes multi%word common names +e.g. 'wood warbler', and purely scienti#c names +e.g. '4an troglodytes',. The words themselves are fascinating, and re8ect an extraordinary diversity of languages of origin, demonstrating the true globali'ation of -nglish over the past two centuries of exploration and imperialism. They also tell a real story of tragedy$ like some of these species themselves, the languages that gave us many of these words have gone extinct, leaving nothing but these names for maestic beasts, fowl, #sh, and insects. Word Defnition aardwolf =outh 7frican carnivorous fox%like "uadruped aasvogel =outh 7frican vulture aberdevine alternate name for the siskin accentor songbird acipenser sturgeon addax spiral%horned antelope dwelling in the =ahara desert adutant enormous 3ndian stork ad'ebill prehistoric 8ightless bird of !ew Pealand aepyornis gigantic 8ightless bird of Jadagascar agouti tropical rabbit%si'ed rodent amberack spiny%#nned 7tlantic sport #sh amphiuma a"uatic 7merican salamander with two pairs of small feet anhinga long%necked #sh%eating tropical 7merican bird anoa small wild ox of 3ndonesia anole arboreal 7merican li'ard with ability to change colour antechinus carnivorous mouselike 7ustralian marsupial argali large%horned 7sian wild sheep aurochs extinct wild ox avocet long%legged wading bird with upward%curving bill axolotl salamander dwelling in mountainous lakes aye%aye nocturnal lemur%like animal of Jadagascar babirusa large wild pig of 3ndonesia bandicoot small long%nosed ratlike marsupial bangtail mustang or wild horse D3 banteng wild ox of =outheast 7sia barasingha deer dwelling in swamps of 3ndia barbet stout%billed tropical bird beira pygmy antelope bharal bluish%gray Bimalayan goat binturong civet of southeastern 7sia with long prehensile tail biscacha burrowing =outh 7merican rodent bittern small heron blauwbok extinct bluish%coloured antelope of southern 7frica blenny small elongated marine #sh blesbok =outh 7frican antelope with white patch on forehead bongo reddish 7frican antelope with white vertical stripes bontbok =outh 7frican antelope with unusual coloration bor'oi wolf%hound brach female hunting hound brachet whelp$ brat$ bitch hound brandling striped earthworm used as #shing bait brocken two%year%old stag bulbul gregarious songbird bullock an ox or castrated bull cabrilla 7tlantic sea bass caiman small alligator%like reptile caple a horse capybara tailless a"uatic rodent of =outh 7merica caracal long%legged nocturnal cat of 7frican and 7sian savannahs with long ears caracara long%legged =outh 7merican falcon cassowary large 8ightless Jelanesian bird chamois goatlike antelope of mountainous regions of -urope chevrotain small cloven%footed deerlike animal of southeast 7sia chiru straight%horned Tibetan antelope chital 3ndian spotted deer chuckwalla herbivorous desert%dwelling li'ard civet long%tailed catlike carnivorous mammal with musk glands cleg horse%8y coelacanth lobe%#nned #sh long thought to be extinct colobus long%tailed 7frican monkey colocolo wild =outh 7merican cat colugo 8ying lemur conure tropical parrot%like bird of &entral and =outh 7merica corella cockateel coypu large a"uatic =outh 7merican rodent culex mos"uito culver dove or pigeon curlew long%legged migratory bird with downward%curving bill cusk large 7tlantic #sh like the cod dabchick small grebe daw simpleton$ bird of the crow family degu rat%like rodent of =outh 7merica desman a"uatic insectivorous musk%secreting <ussian rat D/ dhole wild 7sian dog dibatag =omali antelope with recurved horns dik%dik small east 7frican antelope diprotodon gigantic prehistoric marsupial with two incisors in lower aw dobbin workhorse dobson8y soft%bodied insect with large mandibles douc southern &hinese monkey douroucouli small =outh 7merican nocturnal monkey dowitcher long%billed !orth 7merican wading bird duarf #ctitious nineteen%toed #sh of -rewhon dugong a"uatic herbivorous mammal like the manatee duiker small 7frican antelope dunnart mouse%like marsupial with pointed snout earwig a small insect$ to bias$ to pester with demands$ to eavesdrop echidna 7ustralian toothless spined monotreme resembling a hedgehog eland large heavily built 7frican antelope emmet ant eyas un8edged falcon or other bird of prey falanouc carnivorous mongoose%like mammal of Jadagascar falconet small variety of falcon fossa carnivorous mongoose%like mammal of Jadagascar francolin type of 7sian and 7frican partridge froghopper leaping and spitting insect galago woolly long%tailed nocturnal lemur +bush baby, galah blue%gray 7ustralian cockatoo gannet large white 7tlantic seabird gaur wild ox gayal domesticated ox with tufted tail, native to south 7sia gelada long%haired -thiopian baboon gemsbok large =outh 7frican antelope genet spotted long%tailed carnivorous mammal like the civet gerenuk long%necked antelope with large eyes gharial large 3ndian crocodile with long snout goa Tibetan ga'elle with backward%curving horns goanna large 7ustralian li'ard goral small horned antelope living in mountainous regions of south 7sia gowk a cuckoo$ a fool graphiure 7frican rodent with pencil%thin tail grayling silver%grey freshwater #sh grebe diving bird resembling the loon grilse salmon #rst returning to the river from the sea grison weasel%like tropical 7merican gray and black carnivore grivet white and olive tufted 7frican monkey grysbok small speckled south 7frican antelope guenon small, slender bearded 7frican monkey guere'a black and white -thiopian tufted monkey guillemot narrow%billed 7tlantic auk gundi desert%dwelling small rodent of northern 7frica with bristles on feet gymnure hairy hedgehog D> hammerkop brown 7frican heron with hammer%shaped crest on head harrier medium%si'ed scenting dog for hunting hares havier castrated deer hellbender large 8at !orth 7merican a"uatic salamander hoat'in =outh 7merican tropical bird whose young have clawed wings hocco =outh 7merican bird resembling a turkey hogget one%year%old sheep or colt huemul yellow%brown =outh 7merican deer hutia large &aribbean rat%like rodent hyrax small rodent%like ungulate ibex wild mountain goat with recurved horns ibis large stork%like bird$ a pale apricot colour ichneumon small mongoose%like carnivorous "uadruped iguana large tropical !ew )orld li'ard iiwi bright red Bawaiian bird ipiti a small antelope isatis 7rctic fox ithomiid tropical =outh 7merican butter8y iulus millipede i'ard goatlike antelope found in the 4yrenees abiru large tropical stork with massive bill acana long%toed tropical freshwater wading bird ade pitiful horse$ a nag ennet small =panish horse erboa nocturnal desert%dwelling umping rodent iboya boa constrictor unco !orth 7merican #nch urel coastal #sh of southern Inited =tates kagu long%legged bird of !ew &aledonia kaka olive%brown parrot native to !ew Pealand kea green parrot of !ew Pealand ke1el a horse$ a nag kereru pigeon variety of !ew Pealand kiang wild Tibetan horse kine cows kinkaou carnivorous =outh 7merican raccoon%like mammal kleenebok small =outh 7frican antelope klipspringer small 7frican antelope knobber a stag in its second year kob 7frican water antelope kouprey wild ox of &ambodia kudu 7frican antelope with spiralling horns kyloe small long%haired cattle lammergeier giant vulture%like bird of prey langur long%tailed 3ndian monkey lechwe light brown water antelope of =outh 7frica leopon crossbreed between a leopard and a lion leveret a hare in its #rst year$ a mistress limpkin &aribbean crane%like bird D@ linsang white civet%like ;avanese mammal lorikeet brightly coloured southeast 7sian parrot loris large%eyed south 7sian arboreal primate lutung small monkey of Jalaysia malbrouck arboreal monkey of )est 7frica mangabey long%tailed tropical 7frican monkey markhor reddish%grey central 7sian wild goat meerkat small long%tailed 7frican ground s"uirrel or mongoose morel dark%coloured horse$ blackish colour muntac small tusked -ast 7sian deer murre white%breasted !orth 7tlantic seabird nightar nocturnal insectivorous Eld )orld migratory bird numbat termite%eating anteater%like marsupial with white stripes nutria amphibious =outh 7merican rodent nyala large south 7frican antelope octodont degu okapi short%necked gira1e olm blind a"uatic cave%dwelling -uropean salamander onager 7siatic wild ass onocrotal old term for the pelican oribi small 7frican antelope with vertical horns oropendola tropical oriole living in long hanging nests oryx large antelope of 7frica and 7rabia with long horns ou'el blackbird$ a dark%haired person oystercatcher wading shorebird with reddish bill palfrey riding horse, especially one for a lady pangolin scaly insectivorous mammal with elongated snout peccary tropical !ew )orld piglike mammal percheron dappled cart horse petrel long%winged seabird with hooked bill phalarope migratory shorebird with lobed feet phoenicopter 8amingo pichi small dark 7rgentinian armadillo pichiciego small =outh 7merican armadillo pika rabbit%like mountain%dwelling mammal with rounded ears porbeagle shark with a pointed snout potto small nocturnal )est 7frican monkey pratincole fork%tailed, long%winged 7ustralian bird prion small 7ntarctic petrel pudu small &hilean deer puku red &entral 7frican antelope "uarrion 7ustralian parrot like the cockatiel "uaviver #sh otherwise known as the sea%dragon or dragonet "uawk black%crowned night heron "uelea an 7frican weaver%bird "uer"uedule pin%tail duck$ a teal "uet'al gold and green bird with long tail feathers "ueyock heifer "uickhatch wolverine DA "uinnat the king salmon "uokka short%tailed wallaby "uoll native cat%like marsupial of 7ustralia raad electric cat#sh rach dog that hunts by scent ratel honey%eating Eld )orld badger reebok small =outh 7frican antelope reedbuck antelope fre"uenting reeds rooibok impala rooirhebok reddish =outh 7frican antelope ror"ual large whale with dorsal #n rosella bright%coloured 7ustralian parakeet saiga migratory <ussian antelope saki =outh 7merican monkey sambar large reddish deer of southern 7sia scanderoon homing pigeon seriema large crested Gra'ilian bird serow Bimalayan and =outh 7sian goatlike antelope serval tawny carnivorous =outh 7frican catlike "uadruped shearling one%year%old sheep siamang southeast 7sian gibbon%like black ape siskin small #nch%like songbird sitatunga medium%si'ed east 7frican antelope with elongated hooves skink small north 7frican li'ard skua large north 7tlantic gull solenodon large &aribbean ratlike insectivore with long snout sounder herd of pigs$ young boar spatangoid kind of sea%urchin springbok =outh 7frican antelope known for leaping springhare =outh 7frican umping hare steenbok small =outh 7frican antelope stellion li'ard with starry spots stirk yearling ox or cow$ pasture for yearlings sumpter pack horse$ beast of burden sunbittern brightly coloured =outh 7merican bird suni dwarfed southern 7frican antelope tabanid blood%sucking insect$ gad%8y tahr wild 7sian goat with shaggy reddish coat takin heavily built Bimalayan goatlike ruminant tamandua arboreal !ew )orld anteater with hairless tail tamaraw water bu1alo tarpan small wild horse of southern <ussia tayra small =outh 7merican weasel%like carnivore teg a sheep in its second year$ the 8eece of such a sheep tenrec spiny insectivorous mammal of Jadagascar thamin small deer with curved horns, native to southeast 7sia thylacine extinct doglike marsupial of Tasmania tinamou ground%dwelling =outh 7merican bird titi small =outh 7merican arboreal monkey DC topi reddish%brown antelope of sub%=aharan 7frica trogon tropical bird with brilliant plumage tsessebe central 7frican antelope with lyre%shaped horns tuatara spiny reptile of !ew Pealand with vestigial third eye tucutucu rat%like burrowing =outh 7merican rodent turaco crested 7frican colourful bird with long tail and red wings tu'a Jexican pouched rodent uakari short%tailed, long%haired monkey uguisu olive%plumed bush warbler uintathere extinct 4leistocene hoofed herbivore uraster star#sh urial wild central 7sian sheep with reddish coat and long curved horns urochs extinct wild ox or bison uromastix spiky%tailed ground%dwelling li'ard urraca noisy =outh 7merican bird urubu black tropical !ew )orld vulture va"uita small porpoise living in the Gulf of &alifornia vedalia 7ustralian pest%eating ladybug vicuna soft%8eeced 7ndean ruminant vireo olive%gray insectivorous 7merican bird viscacha =outh 7merican burrowing rodent wapiti elk wether castrated ram whi1et paltry person$ little dog whitecoat white%furred seal pup widgeon freshwater duck wisent extinct -uropean bison woolbird sheep xanthareel yellow eel formerly used in medicinal foods xeme fork%tailed gull xenops a small tropical rainforest bird xenurine species of armadillo xiphias sword#sh xiphosuran horseshoe crab yabby small edible freshwater cray#sh ya9ngale green woodpecker yakow animal crossbred from male yak and domestic cow yapok an amphibious opossum of =outh 7merica yeanling lamb$ kid yelt a young sow yelting glass%eyed snapper yowie a little ewe 'ander a variety of -uropean perch 'ebrinny o1spring of male horse and female 'ebra 'ebrule hybrid o1spring of male 'ebra and female horse 'ebu ox with hump and dewlap 'emni blind mole%rat 'eren light brown Jongolian ga'elle 'ho cross between a yak and a cow DD 'okor central 7sian mole%like burrowing rodent 'onure small =outh 7frican li'ard 'y''yva =outh 7merican weevil ILLING AND ILLERS 7nyone who has looked at the news lately knows that the human species seems to have an inordinate propensity for killing things. =imilarly, anyone looking at this list of C> terms relating to killing will "uickly reali'e that humans also have an inordinate propensity for making up words about killing things. 7ll of these words end in 'cide', from ?atin caedere, to kill. Bowever, some of them refer exclusively to the act of killing a speci#c thing +e.g. herbicide, while others can refer alternately to the act itself or to the person performing the act +e.g. homicide,. Ef all of these, though, perhaps the greatest crime of all is verbicide, the brutal slaughter of our language by incompetents and ignoramuses. )ill the atrocities never endM 7lso check out my list of #ghting words % those ending in 0machy0. Word Defnition aborticide killing of a fetus$ abortion acaricide killer of mites and ticks algicide killer of algae amicicide murder of a friend aphicide killer of aphids aphidicide killer of aphids avicide killing of birds bacillicide killer of bacteria bactericide killer of bacteria biocide killing living material bovicide slaughter of cattle$ one who kills cattle ceticide killing of whales and other cetaceans cimicide substance used to kill bed%bugs deicide destruction or killing of a god ecocide destruction of the environment episcopicide killing of bishops famicide one who destroys another's reputation$ slanderer felicide killing of a cat femicide killing of a woman feticide killing of a fetus #licide killing of one's own child 8oricide killing or killer of 8owers foeticide killing a fetus formicide substance that kills ants fratricide killing of one's brother fungicide killing of fungus .00 genocide killing of a race or ethnic group germicide substance that kills germs giganticide killing of a giant gynaecide killing of women herbicide killing of plants hereticide killing of heretics homicide killing of a human being infanticide killing of an infant insecticide killing of insects larvicide killing of larvae liberticide destruction of liberty lupicide killing of a wolf mariticide killing or killer of one's husband matricide killing of one's mother menticide reduction of mind by psychological pressure microbicide killing or killer of microbes miticide agent which kills mites molluscicide killing of mollusks muscicide substance for killing 8ies neonaticide killing or killer of a newborn infant ovicide killing insect eggs ovicide sheep%killing parasiticide killing of parasites parasuicide harmful act appearing to be an attempt at suicide parenticide killing or killer of one's parents parricide killing of parents or a parent%like close relative patricide killing of one's father perdricide killer of partridges pesticide killing of pests prolicide killing of o1spring$ killing of the human race pulicide 8ea%killer raticide substance or person who kills rats regicide killing of a monarch rodenticide killing of rodents senicide killing of old men serpenticide killing or killer of a snake siblicide killing or killer of a sibling silvicide substance that kills trees sororicide killing of one's own sister speciocide destruction of an entire species spermicide killing of sperm sporicide killing of spores suicide killing of oneself taeniacide killing of tapeworms tauricide killing or killer of a bull trypanocide killing of trypanosomes tyrannicide killing or killer of a tyrant urbicide destruction of a city ursicide killing or killer of a bear .0. utricide one who stabs an in8ated skin vessel instead of killing someone uxoricide killing of one's own wife vaticide killing or killer of a prophet verbicide destroying the meaning of a word vermicide killing of worms vespacide substance or person who kills wasps viricide killing of viruses$ killing of men or of husbands virucide killing of viruses vulpicide killing of a fox weedicide something that kills weeds DANCE ST!LES 3'm not a particularly good dancer, being part of that generation for which dancing involves shuFing one's feet about randomly while gyrating in provocative ways. 3 do manage to keep my feet o1 my wife's, though +well, most of the time,. This list of .0> dances won't actually turn you into a master of the ballroom, but it may help you recogni'e and understand the di1erences between certain dances. Kance styles vary immensely both by time period and by region, so please let me know if you know of other styles that 3 haven't listed. 4lease note that it's rather di9cult to de#ne a complex dance in one line, and so 3've avoided a lot of detail about speci#c steps, etc. Word Defnition allemande courtly baro"ue dance in which the arms are interlaced beguine vigorous &aribbean dance bergamask country dance bolero =panish dance with sudden pauses and sharp turns bossa%nova Gra'ilian dance similar to samba boston walt'%like dance bourr*e 2rench baro"ue dance with "uick rhythm bransle an old 2rench follow%the%leader dance buck%and%wing solo tap dance with many leg 8ings and leaps cabriole curved furniture leg ending in a ball$ exuberant dance or caper cakewalk prancing stage dance with backward tilt canary lively <enaissance courtly dance cancan 2rench woman's dance involving high kicks while holding up front of skirt carioca variation of the samba cha%cha fast rhythmic ballroom dance chaconne =panish baro"ue dance in triple time &harleston fast%paced .D(0s dance characteri'ed by energetic kicking cin"ue%pace lively medieval dance with #ve steps conga 7fro%&ongan dance performed by a group in a single line contredanse folk dance in which two lines of couples face each other cotillion elaborate ballroom dance with fre"uent changes of partner .0( courante "uick 3talian baro"ue dance involving running steps c'ardas Bungarian dance that increases in speed doppio double meter <enaissance dance step ductia vigorous stamping dance dump obsolete -nglish dance in /O/ time estampie vigorous rhythmic 4rovenQal stamping dance fandango lively =panish dance performed by a couple farandole lively 4rovenQal dance in which men and women hold hands farruca =panish gypsy dance with sudden tempo and mood changes 8amenco vigorous rhythmic dance originating with Gypsies fox%trot slow and complex ballroom dance galliard sprightly <enaissance and Garo"ue dance galop lively double%time dance gavotte moderate tempo 2rench peasant dance gigue lively Garo"ue dance in triple time habanera slow and seductive &uban dance hambo =wedish folk dance in three%four time hora circle dance hornpipe lively Gritish folk dance hula sinuous 4olynesian dance with rhythmic hip movements hustle lively disco dance derived from swing elements with a plus%like pattern ig springy and sprightly dance itterbug a'' dance featuring vigorous acrobatic feats ive fast dance done to a'' or swing music ota fast =panish folk dance in triple time uba dance with clapping and leg slapping performed by =outhern blacks ka'achoc =lavic fast dance in which dancer s"uats and kicks out legs alternately ka'at'ka =lavic folk dance performed by a couple ketak traditional Galinese dance accompanied by male chorus kolo &entral -uropean folk dance having a ring of dancers lavolta lively bouncy dance for two persons limbo dance of the )est 3ndies where dancers pass under hori'ontal pole lindy hop lively dance closely resembling the itterbug and famous for its aerials malaguena =panish dance performed by a couple, similar to the fandango mambo &uban ballroom dance resembling the rumba or cha%cha matachin =panish ritualised sword%dance or battle dance maxixe Gra'ilian ballroom dance resembling the two%step ma'urka 4olish folk dance in moderate triple measure merengue &aribbean ballroom dance in which feet are fre"uently dragged minuet slow and stately Garo"ue dance in 3O/ time moresco a Joorish dance or morris%dance morris vigorous -nglish dance performed by costumed men one%step ballroom dance marked by "uick walking steps paso%doble "uick =panish one%step dance passacaglia slow solemn 3talian or =panish dance passepied Greton dance resembling a "uick minuet pavane stately -nglish <enaissance court dance polacca stately 4olish dance$ polonaise polka lively Gohemian dance for a couple .03 polonaise stately 4olish dance of moderate tempo "uadrille s"uare dance for four couples$ card game for four people "uickstep fast march%like dance reel lively dance of the =cottish Bighlands rigadoon lively Garo"ue period dance round dance in a ring roundel anything circular$ circle$ disc$ ring%dance rumba &uban ballroom dance with pronounced hip movements salsa fast ?atin 7merican a''%in8uenced dance saltarello lively 3talian dance samba Gra'ilian dance of 7frican origin sarabande stately =panish Garo"ue court dance schottische old polka%like round dance seguidilla =panish folk dance shag dance where participants hop energetically shimmy a'' dance featuring rapid shaking of the body shuFe dance featuring sliding or scraping of the feet stomp a'' dance featuring heavy stamping of the feet strathspey reel%like =cottish dance of moderate tempo tango ?atin%7merican +orig. 7rgentinian, ballroom dance with long pauses tarantella fast violent 3talian folk dance tordion <enaissance dance similar to but slower than a galliard tricotee lively old dance twist dance featuring many gyrations of the hips two%step ballroom dance with two main steps varsovienne polka%like 4olish dance veleta -nglish ballroom round dance for couples volta old leaping dance walt' ballroom dance in 3O/ time 'amacueca &hilean dance where partners move around each other 'ambra =panish dance 'apateado ?atin%7merican dance with rhythmic tapping of the feet 'iganka <ussian country dance 'oppetto medieval 3talian limping hop dance 'ouk &aribbean disco dance and corresponding type of fast rhythmic music COLOUR TERMS This list contains .@C de#nitions of obscure colour terms using combinations of 'normal' colours of the rainbow and descriptive adectives$ e.g. cardinal H deep scarlet red$ russet H reddish brown. !ote that most -nglish speakers outside the I.=. spell colour with the added Gritish 'u' rather than the 7merican version color. Kon't worry if the colours +or colors, in your universe don't match up with the de#nitions 3've given for these words, though % 3've been known to have skewed perceptions of reality ... .0/ Word Defnition aeneous shining bron'e colour albicant whitish$ becoming white albugineous like the white of an eye or an egg$ white%coloured amaranthine immortal$ undying$ deep purple%red colour argent the heraldic colour silver or white atrous et black aubergine eggplant$ a dark purple colour aurulent gold%coloured a'uline blue a'ure light or sky blue$ the heraldic colour blue badious chestnut%coloured beige light creamy white%brown brunneous dark brown burnet dark brown$ dark woollen cloth caesious bluish or greyish green cardinal deep scarlet red colour castaneous chestnut%coloured castory brown colour$ brown dye derived from beaver pelts celadon pale green$ pale green gla'ed pottery celeste sky blue cerulean sky%blue$ dark blue$ sea%green cesious bluish%grey chartreuse yellow%green colour chlorochrous green%coloured chrysochlorous greenish%gold cinerious ashen$ ash%grey cinnabar red crystalline mercuric sul#de pigment$ deep red or scarlet colour citreous lemon%coloured$ lemony citrine dark greenish%yellow claret dark red%purple colour$ a dark%red wine coccineous bright red columbine of or like a dove$ dove%coloured co"uelicot brilliant red$ poppy red corbeau blackish green cramoisy crimson cretaceous of or resembling chalk$ of a whitish colour croceate sa1ron%coloured cyaneous sky blue eau%de%nil pale green colour eburnean of or like ivory$ ivory%coloured erythraean reddish colour ferruginous of the colour of rust$ impregnated with iron #lemot dead%leaf colour$ dull brown 8ammeous 8ame%coloured 8avescent yellowish or turning yellow fuliginous sooty$ dusky$ soot%coloured$ of or pertaining to soot fulvous dull yellow$ tawny fuscous brown$ tawny$ dingy .0> gamboge reddish%yellow colour glaucous sea%green$ greyish%blue goldenrod dark golden yellow greige of a grey%beige colour gridelin violet%grey griseous pearl%grey or blue%grey$ gri''led haematic blood%coloured heliotrope purplish hue$ purplish%8owered plant$ ancient sundial$ signalling mirror hoary pale silver%grey colour$ grey with age hyacinthine of a blue or purple colour ianthine violet%coloured ibis large stork%like bird$ a pale apricot colour icterine yellowish or marked with yellow icteritious aundiced$ yellow incarnadine carnation%coloured$ blood%red indigo deep blue%violet colour$ a blue%violet dye infuscate clouded or tinged with brown$ obscured$ cloudy brown colour isabelline greyish yellow acinthe orange colour essamy yellow like a asmine kermes brilliant red colour$ a red dye derived from insects khaki light brown or tan lateritious brick%red leucochroic white or pale%coloured liard grey$ dapple%grey lovat grey%green$ blue%green lurid red%yellow$ yellow%brown luteolous yellowish luteous golden%yellow lutescent yellowish madder red dye made from bra'il wood$ a reddish or red%orange colour magenta reddish purple maroon brownish crimson mauve light bluish purple ma'arine rich blue or reddish%blue colour melanic black$ very dark melichrous having a honey%like colour meline canary%yellow miniaceous colour of reddish lead minium vermilion$ red lead modena crimson morel dark%coloured horse$ blackish colour nacarat bright orange%red nankeen bu1%coloured$ durable bu1%coloured cotton nigricant of a blackish colour nigrine black niveous snowy$ white ochre yellowish or yellow%brown colour ochroleucous yellowish white .0@ olivaceous olive%coloured or heraldic colour gold or yellow pavonated peacock%blue periwinkle a bluish or a'ure colour$ a plant with bluish 8owers perse dark blue or bluish%grey$ cloth of such a colour phoeniceous bright scarlet%red colour piceous like pitch$ in8ammable$ reddish black plumbeous leaden$ lead%coloured ponceau poppy red porphyrous purple porraceous leek%green prasinous leek%green colour primrose pale yellow puccoon blood%root$ dark red colour puce brownish%purple$ purplish%pink puniceous bright or purplish red purpure heraldic colour purple purpureal purple pyrrhous reddish$ ruddy rhodopsin visual purple rubiginous rusty%coloured rubious ruby red$ rusty rufous reddish or brownish%red russet reddish brown sable black$ dark$ of a black colour in heraldry sa1ron orange%yellow sage grey%green colour sanguineous bloody$ of, like or pertaining to blood$ blood%red sapphire deep pure blue sarcoline 8esh%coloured sepia #ne brown sinopia preparatory drawing for a fresco$ reddish%brown colour slate dull dark blue%grey smalt deep blue smaragdine emerald green solferino purplish red sorrel reddish%brown$ light chestnut spadiceous chestnut%coloured stammel coarse woollen fabric, usually dyed red$ bright red colour stramineous strawy$ light$ worthless$ straw%coloured suede light beige sulphureous bright yellow tan tawny brown taupe brownish%grey tawny brownish%yellow teal greenish%blue terracotta reddish%brown testaceous of or having a hard shell$ brick%red tilleul pale yellowish%green .0A titian red%gold or reddish%brown topa' dark yellow tur"uoise blue%green ultramarine deep blue umber brownish red vermeil bright red or vermilion colour$ gilded silver vermilion bright red vinaceous wine%coloured vinous deep red$ burgundy violaceous violet%coloured violet bluish purple virescent becoming green or greenish$ of a greenish colour virid green viridian chrome green vitellary bright yellow wall8ower yellowish%red watchet pale blue wheaten the golden colour of ripe wheat whey o1%white willowish of the colour of willow leaves xanthic yellow$ yellowish 'innober chrome green CARRIAGES AND CHARIOTS -ach of the >C vehicles listed here is wheeled and non%motori'ed % a carriage, chariot, cart, buggy or similar thing. 3n general, this means that they will be horse%drawn +or donkey%drawn, or ... well, you get the picture,. 7 number of these terms are foreign and thus 3 have adopted -nglish orthography where appropriate. Word Defnition araba wheeled Jiddle -astern carriage barouche four%wheeled hooded carriage berlin four%wheeled covered carriage britska open four%wheeled carriage brouette small two%wheeled carriage brougham one%horse closed carriage cabriolet two%wheeled carriage calash light low%wheeled carriage with folding top cariole light open carriage caroche stately carriage used on ceremonial occasions chaise light open carriage for one or two people charabanc open tourist coach with benches clarence four%wheeled carriage .0C coupe four%wheeled closed horse%drawn carriage curricle two%wheeled open carriage dennet light two%wheeled carriage d*sobligeante carriage for one passenger diligence horse%drawn stage%coach dogcart light two%wheeled carriage with seats back%to%back dos%a%dos carriage where passengers seated back to back droskhy low four%wheeled open carriage ekka small one%horse carriage #acre hackney coach$ cab fourgon baggage%wagon gharry box%like Jiddle -astern horse%drawn cab gig light two%wheeled one%horse carriage hackney four%wheeled two%horse carriage hansom light two%wheeled cab herdic low%hung carriage with back entrance inker light horse%drawn passenger carriage karro''in Jaltese horse%drawn carriage landau horse%drawn carriage with folding top noddy plain two%wheeled horse%drawn cart phaeton open four%wheeled carriage "uadriga two%wheeled carriage drawn by four horses roadster light carriage rockaway light four%wheeled carriage with #xed top and open sides rulley 8at four%wheeled wagon for carrying goods shandry light cart on springs shay open carriage or chaise sociable four%wheeled open carriage with side%seats spider light high%wheeled carriage stanhope light open one%seated carriage sulky light two%wheeled, one%person horse%drawn carriage surrey light four%wheeled carriage with two seats tandem two%seated carriage with horses harnessed in series tarantas four%wheeled carriage mounted on poles telega four%wheeled springless wagon tilbury light open two%wheeled carriage timwhisky light carriage for one or two people, pulled by one or two horses tonga light two%wheeled carriage trap light one%horse carriage with springs troika carriage drawn by three horses tum%tum dog%cart vettura carriage, cab or car victoria light open two%seated four%wheeled carriage vis%a%vis light carriage with seats facing one another wagonette carriage with one crosswise seat in front, two seats in back .0D ST!LES OF SPEECH Bere we have >/ words referring to manners or styles of speaking, words that use the su9x '%lo"uent', '%lo"uence', or '%lo"uy', from ?atin loqui +to speak,. )hile in an age of text%messaging, public speaking has lost its once%vaunted status as a communication medium, as long as people meet face to face, others will udge them on their manner of speech. 7s a university instructor, 3 know only too well the perils of many of these words. Ene of my +friendly, rival word lists online and a favourite site of mine is the Grandilo"uent Kictionary. &uriously, many '%lo"uence'%su9xed words are lost words, and thus cannot be included here. Word Defnition alienilo"uy speech on subects other than the matter at hand$ o1%topic speech allo"uy speaking to another or many others$ an address altilo"uence pompous or high speech ambilo"uous using dubious or ambiguous expressions amphorilo"uy cavernous voice of a patient heard over a patient's lung cavity antelo"uy a preface antilo"uy speaking against some idea$ contradicting or gainsaying bilo"uist one capable of speaking with two distinct voices blandilo"uence complimentary speech$ 8attery blesilo"uent speaking with a stammer or lisp brevilo"uence short%windedness$ tendency towards brevity in speech cavernilo"uy cavernous voice of a patient heard over a patient's lung cavity centilo"uy work consisting of one hundred aphorisms, attributed to 4tolemy collo"uy speaking together$ mutual discourse dentilo"uent speaking with clenched teeth diversilo"uent speaking in di1erent ways$ speaking on di1erent subects doctilo"uent speaking learnedly dulcilo"uent speaking sweetly elo"uence forceful and appealing speech falsilo"uence deceitful speech fatilo"uent speaking prophetically$ declaring fate 8exilo"uent speaking ambiguously or using words of doubtful meaning gastrilo"uist ventrilo"uist grandilo"uent bombastic inanilo"uent prone to foolish or empty babbling inelo"uence unappealing speech largilo"uent talkative$ full of words longilo"uence long%winded language lo"uence speech magnilo"uent speaking in a grand or pompous style mellilo"uent speaking harmoniously or sweetly mendacilo"uence lying speech multilo"uence talkativeness$ use of many words ..0 oblo"uy censure$ calumny$ slander$ disgrace omnilo"uent speaking on all subects parcilo"uy laconic speech paucilo"uent of few words$ speaking little pectorilo"uy sound of patient:s voice as heard through stethoscope planilo"uent speaking plainly plenilo"uence excessive talking$ fullness of speech polylo"uent speaking much$ lo"uacious sanctilo"uent speaking on heavenly or holy matters sialo"uent spitting greatly while speaking solilo"uent speaking in solilo"uies$ prone to giving solilo"uies solilo"uy talking or conversing with oneself$ dramatic production of this nature somnilo"uence talking in one:s sleep stultilo"uence foolish or senseless talk suavilo"uence pleasing or agreeable speech tardilo"uent speaking slowly tolutilo"uence smooth or 8owing speech tristilo"uy mournful manner of speech vanilo"uence vain or foolish talk ventrilo"uism speaking so that the voice appears to come from elsewhere verilo"uent speaking truthfully$ truthful SCIENCES AND STUDIES This list de#nes @33 sciences, arts and studies of various degrees of respectability and rarity, ranging from the common and esteemed +chemistry, to the obscure and "uirky +peristerophily,. Ever the past century, the range and scope of scienti#c endeavours has expanded exponentially, so that practically any #eld of study has a name associated with it. Jost of these terms end in 'ology', from the Greek logos, meaning 'word'. Word Defnition acarology study of mites accidence grammar book$ science of in8ections in grammar aceology therapeutics acology study of medical remedies acoustics science of sound adenology study of glands aedoeology science of generative organs aerobiology study of airborne organisms aerodonetics science or study of gliding aerodynamics dynamics of gases$ science of movement in a 8ow of air or gas aerolithology study of aerolites$ meteorites aerology study of the atmosphere aeronautics study of navigation through air or space ... aerophilately collecting of air%mail stamps aerostatics science of air pressure$ art of ballooning agonistics art and theory of pri'e%#ghting agriology the comparative study of primitive peoples agrobiology study of plant nutrition$ soil yields agrology study of agricultural soils agronomics study of productivity of land agrostology science or study of grasses alethiology study of truth algedonics science of pleasure and pain algology study of algae anaesthesiology study of anaesthetics anaglyptics art of carving in bas%relief anagraphy art of constructing catalogues anatomy study of the structure of the body andragogy science of teaching adults anemology study of winds angelology study of angels angiology study of blood 8ow and lymphatic system anthropobiology study of human biology anthropology study of human cultures aphnology science of wealth apiology study of bees arachnology study of spiders archaeology study of human material remains archelogy the study of #rst principles archology science of the origins of government arctophily study of teddy bears areology study of Jars aretaics the science of virtue aristology the science or art of dining arthrology study of oints astacology the science of cray#sh astheniology study of diseases of weakening and aging astrogeology study of extraterrestrial geology astrology study of in8uence of stars on people astrometeorology study of e1ect of stars on climate astronomy study of celestial bodies astrophysics study of behaviour of interstellar matter astroseismology study of star oscillations atmology the science of a"ueous vapour audiology study of hearing autecology study of ecology of one species autology scienti#c study of oneself auxology science of growth avionics the science of electronic devices for aircraft axiology the science of the ultimate nature of values bacteriology study of bacteria balneology the science of the therapeutic use of baths ..( barodynamics science of the support and mechanics of bridges barology study of gravitation batology the study of brambles bibliology study of books bibliotics study of documents to determine authenticity bioecology study of interaction of life in the environment biology study of life biometrics study of biological measurement bionomics study of organisms interacting in their environments botany study of plants bromatology study of food brontology scienti#c study of thunder bryology the study of mosses and liverworts cacogenics study of racial degeneration caliology study of bird's nests calori#cs study of heat cambistry science of international exchange campanology the art of bell ringing carcinology study of crabs and other crustaceans cardiology study of the heart caricology study of sedges carpology study of fruit cartography the science of making maps and globes cartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cards castrametation the art of designing a camp catacoustics science of echoes or re8ected sounds catalactics science of commercial exchange catechectics the art of teaching by "uestion and answer cetology study of whales and dolphins chalcography the art of engraving on copper or brass chalcotriptics art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses chaology the study of chaos or chaos theory characterology study of development of character chemistry study of properties of substances chirocosmetics beautifying the hands$ art of manicure chirography study of handwriting or penmanship chirology study of the hands chiropody medical science of feet chorology science of the geographic description of anything chrematistics the study of wealth$ political economy chronobiology study of biological rhythms chrysology study of precious metals ciselure the art of chasing metal climatology study of climate clinology study of aging or individual decline after maturity codicology study of manuscripts coleopterology study of beetles and weevils cometology study of comets conchology study of shells ..3 coprology study of pornography cosmetology study of cosmetics cosmology study of the universe craniology study of the skull criminology study of crime$ criminals cryobiology study of life under cold conditions cryptology study of codes crypto'oology study of animals for whose existence there is no conclusive proof ctetology study of the inheritance of ac"uired characteristics cynology scienti#c study of dogs cytology study of living cells dactyliology study of rings dactylography the study of #ngerprints dactylology study of sign language deltiology the collection and study of picture postcards demology study of human behaviour demonology study of demons dendrochronology study of tree rings dendrology study of trees deontology the theory or study of moral obligation dermatoglyphics the study of skin patterns and #ngerprints dermatology study of skin desmology study of ligaments diabology study of devils diagraphics art of making diagrams or drawings dialectology study of dialects dioptrics study of light refraction diplomatics science of deciphering ancient writings and texts diplomatology study of diplomats docimology the art of assaying dosiology the study of doses dramaturgy art of producing and staging dramatic works dysgenics the study of racial degeneration dysteleology study of purposeless organs ecclesiology study of church a1airs eccrinology study of excretion ecology study of environment economics study of material wealth edaphology study of soils -gyptology study of ancient -gypt ekistics study of human settlement electrochemistry study of relations between electricity and chemicals electrology study of electricity electrostatics study of static electricity embryology study of embryos emetology study of vomiting emmenology the study of menstruation endemiology study of local diseases endocrinology study of glands ../ enigmatology study of enigmas entomology study of insects ento'oology study of parasites that live inside larger organisms en'ymology study of en'ymes ephebiatrics branch of medicine dealing with adolescence epidemiology study of diseases$ epidemics epileptology study of epilepsy epistemology study of grounds of knowledge eremology study of deserts ergology study of e1ects of work on humans ergonomics study of people at work escapology study of freeing oneself from constraints eschatology study of death$ #nal matters ethnogeny study of origins of races or ethnic groups ethnology study of cultures ethnomethodology study of everyday communication ethnomusicology study of comparative musical systems ethology study of natural or biological character ethonomics study of economic and ethical principles of a society etiology the science of causes$ especially of disease etymology study of origins of words euthenics science concerned with improving living conditions exobiology study of extraterrestrial life 8oristry the art of cultivating and selling 8owers 8uviology study of watercourses folkloristics study of folklore and fables futurology study of future garbology study of garbage gastroenterology study of stomach$ intestines gastronomy study of #ne dining gemmology study of gems and ewels genealogy study of descent of families genesiology study of reproduction and heredity genethlialogy the art of casting horoscopes geochemistry study of chemistry of the earth's crust geochronology study of measuring geological time geogeny science of the formation of the earth's crust geogony study of formation of the earth geography study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants geology study of earth's crust geomorphogeny study of the origins of land forms geoponics study of agriculture geotechnics study of increasing habitability of the earth geratology study of decadence and decay gerocomy study of old age gerontology study of the elderly$ aging gigantology study of giants glaciology study of ice ages and glaciation glossology study of language$ study of the tongue ..> glyptography the art of engraving on gems glyptology study of gem engravings gnomonics the art of measuring time using sundials gnosiology study of knowledge$ philosophy of knowledge gnotobiology study of life in germ%free conditions graminology study of grasses grammatology study of systems of writing graphemics study of systems of representing speech in writing graphology study of handwriting gromatics science of surveying gynaecology study of women:s physiology gyrostatics the study of rotating bodies haemataulics study of movement of blood through blood vessels hagiology study of saints halieutics study of #shing hamartiology study of sin harmonics study of musical acoustics hedonics part of ethics or psychology dealing with pleasure helcology study of ulcers heliology science of the sun helioseismology study of sun's interior by observing its surface oscillations helminthology study of worms hematology study of blood heortology study of religious feasts hepatology study of liver heraldry study of coats of arms heresiology study of heresies herpetology study of reptiles and amphibians hierology science of sacred matters hippiatrics study of diseases of horses hippology the study of horses histology study of the tissues of organisms histopathology study of changes in tissue due to disease historiography study of writing history historiology study of history homiletics the art of preaching hoplology the study of weapons horography art of constructing sundials or clocks horology science of time measurement horticulture study of gardening hydrobiology study of a"uatic organisms hydrodynamics study of movement in li"uids hydrogeology study of ground water hydrography study of investigating bodies of water hydrokinetics study of motion of 8uids hydrology study of water resources hydrometeorology study of atmospheric moisture hydropathy study of treating diseases with water hyetology science of rainfall ..@ hygiastics science of health and hygiene hygienics study of sanitation$ health hygiology hygienics$ study of cleanliness hygrology study of humidity hygrometry science of humidity hymnography study of writing hymns hymnology study of hymns hypnology study of sleep$ study of hypnosis hypsography science of measuring heights iamatology study of remedies iatrology treatise or text on medical topics$ study of medicine iatromathematics archaic practice of medicine in conunction with astrology ichnography art of drawing ground plans$ a ground plan ichnology science of fossili'ed footprints ichthyology study of #sh iconography study of drawing symbols iconology study of icons$ symbols ideogeny study of origins of ideas ideology science of ideas$ system of ideas used to ustify behaviour idiomology study of idiom, argon or dialect idiopsychology psychology of one's own mind immunogenetics study of genetic characteristics of immunity immunology study of immunity immunopathology study of immunity to disease insectology study of insects irenology the study of peace iridology study of the iris$ diagnosis of disease based on the iris of the eye kalology study of beauty karyology study of cell nuclei kidology study of kidding kinematics study of motion kinesics study of gestural communication kinesiology study of human movement and posture kinetics study of forces producing or changing motion koniology study of atmospheric pollutants and dust ktenology science of putting people to death kymatology study of wave motion labeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labels larithmics study of population statistics laryngology study of larynx lepidopterology study of butter8ies and moths leprology study of leprosy lexicology study of words and their meanings lexigraphy art of de#nition of words lichenology study of lichens limacology study of slugs limnobiology study of freshwater ecosystems limnology study of bodies of fresh water linguistics study of language ..A lithology study of rocks liturgiology study of liturgical forms and church rituals loimology study of plagues and epidemics loxodromy study of sailing along rhumb%lines magirics art of cookery magnanerie art of raising silkworms magnetics study of magnetism malacology study of molluscs malariology study of malaria mammalogy study of mammals manRge the art of horsemanship Jariology study of the Lirgin Jary martyrology study of martyrs mastology study of mammals mathematics study of magnitude, number, and forms ma'ology mammalogy$ study of mammals mechanics study of action of force on bodies meconology study of or treatise concerning opium melittology study of bees mereology study of part%whole relationships mesology ecology metallogeny study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits metallography study of the structure and constitution of metals metallurgy study of alloying and treating metals metaphysics study of principles of nature and thought metapolitics study of politics in theory or abstract metapsychology study of nature of the mind meteoritics the study of meteors meteorology study of weather metrics study of versi#cation metrology science of weights and measures microanatomy study of microscopic tissues microbiology study of microscopic organisms microclimatology study of local climates micrology study or discussion of trivialities micropalaeontology study of microscopic fossils microphytology study of very small plant life microscopy study of minute obects mineralogy study of minerals molinology study of mills and milling momilogy study of mummies morphology study of forms and the development of structures muscology the study of mosses museology the study of museums musicology study of music mycology study of funguses myology study of muscles myrmecology study of ants mythology study of myths$ fables$ tales ..C naology study of church or temple architecture nasology study of the nose nautics art of navigation nematology the study of nematodes neonatology study of newborn babies neossology study of nestling birds nephology study of clouds nephrology study of the kidneys neurobiology study of anatomy of the nervous system neurology study of nervous system neuropsychology study of relation between brain and behaviour neurypnology study of hypnotism neutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities nidology study of nests nomology the science of the laws$ especially of the mind noology science of the intellect nosology study of diseases nostology study of senility notaphily collecting of bank%notes and che"ues numerology study of numbers numismatics study of coins nymphology study of nymphs obstetrics study of midwifery oceanography study of oceans oceanology study of oceans odology science of the hypothetical mystical force of od odontology study of teeth oenology study of wines oikology science of housekeeping olfactology study of the sense of smell ombrology study of rain oncology study of tumours oneirology study of dreams onomasiology study of nomenclature onomastics study of proper names ontology science of pure being$ the nature of things oology study of eggs ophiology study of snakes ophthalmology study of eye diseases optics study of light optology study of sight optometry science of examining the eyes orchidology study of orchids ornithology study of birds orology study of mountains orthoepy study of correct pronunciation orthography study of spelling orthopterology study of cockroaches oryctology mineralogy or paleontology ..D osmics scienti#c study of smells osmology study of smells and olfactory processes osphresiology study of the sense of smell osteology study of bones otology study of the ear otorhinolaryngology study of ear, nose and throat paedology study of children paedotrophy art of rearing children paidonosology study of children's diseases$ pediatrics palaeoanthropology study of early humans palaeobiology study of fossil plants and animals palaeoclimatology study of ancient climates palaeolimnology study of ancient #sh palaeolimnology study of ancient lakes palaeontology study of fossils palaeopedology study of early soils paleobotany study of ancient plants paleo%osteology study of ancient bones palynology study of pollen papyrology study of paper parapsychology study of unexplained mental phenomena parasitology study of parasites paroemiology study of proverbs parthenology study of virgins pataphysics the science of imaginary solutions pathology study of disease patrology study of early &hristianity pedagogics study of teaching pedology study of soils pelology study of mud penology study of crime and punishment periodontics study of gums peristerophily pigeon%collecting pestology science of pests petrology study of rocks pharmacognosy study of drugs of animal and plant origin pharmacology study of drugs pharology study of lighthouses pharyngology study of the throat phenology study of organisms as a1ected by climate phenomenology study of phenomena philately study of postage stamps philematology the act or study of kissing phillumeny collecting of matchbox labels philology study of ancient texts$ historical linguistics philosophy science of knowledge or wisdom phoniatrics study and correction of speech defects phonology study of speech sounds photobiology study of e1ects of light on organisms .(0 phraseology study of phrases phrenology study of bumps on the head phycology study of algae and seaweeds physics study of properties of matter and energy physiology study of processes of life phytology study of plants$ botany piscatology study of #shes pisteology science or study of faith planetology study of planets plutology political economy$ study of wealth pneumatics study of mechanics of gases podiatry study and treatment of disorders of the foot$ chiropody podology study of the feet polemology study of war pomology study of fruit%growing posology science of "uantity or dosage potamology study of rivers praxeology study of practical or e9cient activity$ science of e9cient action primatology study of primates proctology study of rectum prosody study of versi#cation protistology study of protists proxemics study of man:s need for personal space psalligraphy the art of paper%cutting to make pictures psephology study of election results and voting trends pseudology art or science of lying pseudoptics study of optical illusions psychobiology study of biology of the mind psychogenetics study of internal or mental states psychognosy study of mentality, personality or character psychology study of mind psychopathology study of mental illness psychophysics study of link between mental and physical processes pteridology study of ferns pterylology study of distribution of feathers on birds pyretology study of fevers pyrgology study of towers pyroballogy study of artillery pyrography study of woodburning "uinology study of "uinine raciology study of racial di1erences radiology study of S%rays and their medical applications re8exology study of re8exes rhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rods rhabdology art of calculating using numbering rods rheology science of the deformation or 8ow of matter rheumatology study of rheumatism rhinology study of the nose rhochrematics science of inventory management and the movement of products .(. runology study of runes sarcology study of 8eshy parts of the body satanology study of the devil scatology study of excrement or obscene literature schematonics art of using gesture to express tones sciagraphy art of shading scripophily collection of bond and share certi#cates sedimentology study of sediment seismology study of earth"uakes selenodesy study of the shape and features of the moon selenology study of the moon semantics study of meaning semantology science of meanings of words semasiology study of meaning$ semantics semiology study of signs and signals semiotics study of signs and symbols serology study of serums sexology study of sexual behaviour siderography art of engraving on steel sigillography study of seals signi#cs science of meaning silvics study of tree's life sindonology study of the shroud of Turin =inology study of &hina sitology dietetics sociobiology study of biological basis of human behaviour sociology study of society somatology science of the properties of matter sophiology science of ideas soteriology study of theological salvation spectrology study of ghosts spectroscopy study of spectra speleology study and exploration of caves spermology study of seeds sphagnology study of peat moss sphragistics study of seals and signets sphygmology study of the pulse splanchnology study of the entrails or viscera spongology study of sponges stasiology study of political parties statics study of bodies and forces in e"uilibrium stemmatology study of relationships between texts stoichiology science of elements of animal tissues stomatology study of the mouth storiology study of folk tales stratigraphy study of geological layers or strata stratography art of leading an army stylometry studying literature by means of statistical analysis suicidology study of suicide .(( symbology study of symbols symptomatology study of symptoms of illness synecology study of ecological communities synectics study of processes of invention syntax study of sentence structure syphilology study of syphilis systematology study of systems taxidermy art of curing and stu9ng animals tectonics science of structure of obects, buildings and landforms tegestology study and collecting of beer mats teleology study of #nal causes$ analysis in terms of purpose telmatology study of swamps teratology study of monsters, freaks, abnormal growths or malformations teuthology study of cephalopods textology study of the production of texts thalassography science of the sea thanatology study of death and its customs thaumatology study of miracles theology study of religion$ religious doctrine theriatrics veterinary medicine theriogenology study of animals' reproductive systems thermodynamics study of relation of heat to motion thermokinematics study of motion of heat thermology study of heat therology study of wild mammals thremmatology science of breeding domestic animals and plants threpsology science of nutrition tidology study of tides timbrology study of postage stamps tocology obstetrics$ midwifery tonetics study of pronunciation topology study of places and their natural features toponymics study of place%names toreutics study of artistic work in metal toxicology study of poisons toxophily love of archery$ archery$ study of archery traumatology study of wounds and their e1ects tribology study of friction and wear between surfaces trichology study of hair and its disorders trophology study of nutrition tsiganology study of gypsies turnery art of turning in a lathe typhlology study of blindness and the blind typography art of printing or using type typology study of types of things ufology study of alien spacecraft uranography descriptive astronomy and mapping uranology study of the heavens$ astronomy urbanology study of cities .(3 urenology study of rust molds urology study of urine$ urinary tract venereology study of venereal disease vermeology study of worms vexillology study of 8ags victimology study of victims vinology scienti#c study of vines and winemaking virology study of viruses vitrics glassy materials$ glassware$ study of glassware volcanology study of volcanoes vulcanology study of volcanoes xylography art of engraving on wood xylology study of wood 'enography study of the planet ;upiter 'oiatrics veterinary surgery 'ooarchaeology study of animal remains of archaeological sites 'oochemistry chemistry of animals 'oogeography study of geographic distribution of animals 'oogeology study of fossil animal remains 'oology study of animals 'oonomy animal physiology 'oonosology study of animal diseases 'oopathology study of animal diseases 'oophysics physics of animal bodies 'oophysiology study of physiology of animals 'oophytology study of plant%like animals 'oosemiotics study of animal communication 'ootaxy science of classifying animals 'ootechnics science of breeding animals 'ygology science of oining and fastening 'ymology science of fermentation 'ymurgy branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling GRAMMATICAL CASES 2or those of you who have never studied ?atin, or German, or a host of other languages known as infected languages, grammatical cases are noun and pronoun in8ections which indicate the relationship of terms in a sentence to one another. 3n -nglish, cases are now only important to indicate possession +catOcat's, itOits, and in pronouns +sheOher, whoOwhom,. Bowever, some languages have up to #fteen cases. Nou ust might want to have this list on hand if you ever take a trip to 2inland, for instance. Er then again, maybe not. 7t any rate, while most non%linguists are familiar with only a handful of these cases at most, there are in fact over #fty distinct cases that 3 have been able to track down. .(/ Word Defnition abessive indicating absence or lack ablative indicating direction from or time when absolutive indicating subect or obect of intransitive verb accusative indicating direct obect of a verb adessive indicating place where or proximity to adnominal indicating adective used as a noun agentive indicating agent performing an action allative indicating movement towards associative indicating association with or accompaniment by benefactive indicating for whom or which caritive indicating lack of something causative indicating causation by comitative indicating accompaniment compellative indicating address or appellation$ vocative conformative indicating resemblance$ similative dative indicating indirect obect of a verb delative indicating motion downward distributive indicating separate members of a group, one at a time elative indicating movement out of or away from e"uative indicating likeness or identity ergative indicating subect of a transitive verb essive indicating a temporary state of being factive indicating causation genitive indicating possession, origin or relation illative indicating movement into or toward inessive indicating location within instructive indicating means whereby instrumental indicating means by which introessive indicating motion into uxtapositive indicating uxtaposition lative indicating motion up to or as far as locative indicating location or place where multiplicative indicating repetition or augmentation mutative indicating a change of place or state nominative indicating subect of a verb oppositive indicating opposition or location opposite to partitive indicating a part of a larger whole perlative indicating movement through or across possessive indicating possession$ genitive case predicative indicating the predicate privative indicating absence, deprivation or negation prolative indicating motion alongside or means of motion relative indicating relation or a prepositional obect similative indicating similarity to situative indicating comparison of two things sociative indicating association with the subect stative indicating a state rather than an action subessive indicating location under or below .(> sublative indicating movement towards the top of superessive indicating location upon or on top of temporal indicating time when terminative indicating motion up to or time until translative indicating process of change or movement through vocative indicating calling or personal address UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Ko you know the story of the facetious unit of beauty called the 'millihelen'M =ince it is that the astonishingly beautiful Belen of Troy had 'a face that launched a thousand ships', a millihelen is a unit of beauty e"ual to the ability to launch one ship. !one of the .>3 units of measurement below is as interesting as that, but they ust might be more useful, often in scienti#c and technical contexts. The proper unit is a tool to allow us to measure and organi'e the world % by length, volume, energy, or some other aspect of reality. 7nd hey, we all love reality, don't weM 3've avoided the simplest metric and imperial measures +gram, foot, metre, inch, etc.,, but almost all the rest should be there. Word Defnition aam archaic unit of li"uid measure ranging from 3A to /. gallons of wine abampere unit e"uivalent to .0 amperes abvolt unit of electrical potential e"ual to one hundred millionth of a volt acre%breadth old unit of length of (( yards ampere unit for measuring amount of electrical current angstrom unit of one ten%billionth of a meter arpent unit of land area slightly smaller than an acre astronomical unit unit of distance e"ual to the distance from the earth to the sun bar unit of pressure of one million dynes per s"uare centimeter barleycorn old unit of length e"ual to one%third inch barn unit of area measurement of particles e"ual to .00 s"uare femtometres baud unit of data transmission speed of one signal event per second bel unit of noise intensity e"ual to ten decibels butt unit of volume e"ual to two hogsheads or .(@ gallons calorie unit of heat or heat%producing value candela unit of luminous intensity carat unit of weight of precious stones e"ual to (00 milligrams centner old unit of weight e"ual to about ..0 pounds chain unit of length e"ual to (( yards chaldron old unit of dry volume e"ual to between 3( and A( bushels clove old weight of seven to ten pounds for wool or cheese .(@ cord unit of wood e"ual to .(C cubic feet coulomb unit of electrical charge of one ampere over period of one second cubit unit of length e"ual to .C inches curie unit of radioactive decay and intensity cusec unit of li"uid 8ow e"ual to one cubic foot per second dalton unit of atomic mass darcy unit of permeability of rock to various substances dash non%speci#c very small unit of measurement used in cooking decibel unit for measuring sound intensity denier unit of yarn #neness digit unit of length e"ual to 3O/ of an inch dioptre unit of measurement of power of lens or eye dol unit for measuring intensity of pain dram unit of weight e"ual to .O.@ of an ounce dyne unit of force to accelerate . gram to . cm per second per second elephant large unit of paper measurement e"ual to (C by (3 inches ell old unit of length e"ual to /> inches em unit of measuring width of typeface where width of letters e"uals height erg unit of work measuring force of one dyne applied over one centimeter face%cord unit of wood measurement e"ual to a stack four by eight feet in volume farad unit measuring electrical capacitance fathom unit of length e"ual to six feet used to measure depth of water fermi unit of length e"ual to one "uadrillionth of a metre #fth unit of measure of li"uor e"ual to one #fth of a gallon #rkin old unit of capacity e"ual to one "uarter of a barrel footlambert unit of luminance of a surface emitting one lumen per s"uare foot fresnel unit of optical fre"uency e"ual to one terahert' furlong unit of distance e"ual to ((0 yards gal unit of acceleration of one centimeter per second per second gamma unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to one nanotesla gauss unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to .O.0000 tesla gilbert unit of magnetomotive force gill unit of li"uid volume e"ual to one%"uarter pint grain unit of weight e"ual to .OA000 of a pound gray unit of absorbed dose of ioni'ing radiation e"ual to .00 rads hand unit for measuring height of horses e"ual to / inches henry unit of electrical inductance hert' unit of fre"uency e"ual to one cycle per second hide old unit of land area e"ual to .(0 acres hobbet measure of two and a half bushels hogshead unit of capacity e"ual to @3 gallons horsepower unit of power e"ual to >>0 foot%pounds of work per second hundredweight unit of weight of .00 pounds +..( pounds in IT, ansky unit of strength of radio wave emission i1y unit of time used in computing e"ual to .O.00 second$ any small unit of time oule unit of work done by force of one newton over distance of one meter karat unit of #neness of gold e"ual to .O(/ part of pure gold kelvin unit of temperature based on absolute 'ero, e"ual to . degree &elsius .(A kilderkin old unit of capacity e"ual to .O( barrel or .C gallons kilobase unit of measure of length of nucleic acid chain e"ual to .000 base pairs kip unit of weight e"uivalent to .000 pounds lambert unit of brightness of light langley unit of solar radiation league unit of distance of between (./ and /.@ miles link unit of length used by surveyors, e"ual to A.D( inches lumen unit of luminous 8ux lux unit of illumination e"ual to one lumen per s"uare meter magneton unit of the "uanti'ed magnetic moment of a particle maxwell unit of magnetic 8ux mecate old Jexican measure of about one%tenth of an acre megadeath unit of fatality e"ual to one million deaths mho unit of electrical conductance mil unit of .O.000 inch used for measuring thickness of wire minim unit of li"uid volume e"ual to .O/C0 8uid ounces mnemon unit of memory, largely hypothetical mole unit of substance e"ual to number of atoms as .( grams of carbon%.( morgan unit of inferred distance between genes on a chromosome morgen unit of land area slightly more than two acres mutchkin old unit of li"uid measurement e"ual to 3O/ of an imperial pint nail old measure of two and a "uarter inches neper unit for expressing ratio of two currents or voltages newton unit of force that accelerates . kilogram to . meter O second O second oersted unit of magnetic #eld strength ohm unit of electrical resistance of circuits osmol unit of osmotic pressure palm unit of length e"uivalent to width or length of the hand parsec unit of interstellar distance e"ual to 3.(@ light%years pascal unit of pressure e"ual to one newton per s"uare meter peck unit of dry measure e"ual to C "uarts pennyweight unit of troy weight e"ual to (/ grains phon unit of loudness of sound as heard by listeners photon unit of brightness of light as received at the retina pica unit of typeface e"ual to about .O@ of an inch pipe unit of li"uid capacity e"ual to two hogsheads pitch unit of typeface e"ual to number of characters per inch point unit of typeface e"ual to .OA( of an inch poise unit of viscosity of li"uids pole unit of area e"ual to a s"uare rod pottle unit of li"uid measurement of two "uarts, or one%half gallon poundal unit of force that accelerates . pound to . foot O second O second probit unit of measurement of statistical probability "uad unit of energy e"ual to one "uadrillion Gritish thermal units "uarter unit of weight e"ual to (C pounds "uintal unit of weight e"ual to .00 kilograms "uire unit of (/ sheets of paper rad unit of absorbed dose of ioni'ing radiation radian unit of plane angular measurement, approximately >A.3 degrees .(C rod unit of length e"ual to .O3(0 of a mile roentgen unit of x%radiation or gamma radiation rood old unit of land area e"ual to .O/ acre rundlet old li"uid measure e"ual to about .> gallons rutherford unit of radioactive decay e"ual to . million disintegrations per second sabin unit of acoustic absorption of one s"uare foot of a perfect absorber scruple unit of weight used by apothecaries e"ual to .O(/ of an ounce shake unit of one hundred millionth of a second used to measure nuclear processes siemens unit of electrical conductance e"uivalent to one ampere per volt slug unit of gravitational mass of approximately 3(..A/ pounds sone unit of loudness on a scale based on subective or perceived loudness span unit of distance e"ual to handspread or nine inches stack old unit of measure for #rewood e"ual to .0C cubic feet stone unit of weight e"ual to ./ pounds svedberg unit of time used to measure sedimentation velocity tesla unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to one weber per s"uare meter tex unit of measurement of #neness of #bres and yarn therblig unit of work for "uantifying industrial operations therm unit of "uantity of heat e"ual to .00,000 Gritish thermal units thirdendeal old li"uid measure of three pints$ one%third of anything tod old unit of weight of wool e"ual to (C pounds tog unit of measurement for insulation properties of fabric ton unit of cooling power e"ual to .(,000 GTI per hour torr unit of pressure e"ual to .OA@0 of standard atmospheric pressure tun unit of li"uid capacity of (>( gallons vara unit of linear measure of between 33 and /3 inches verst unit of distance e"ual to approximately (O3 of a mile virgate old unit of land area usually e"ual to 30 acres or .O/ hide volt unit of electrical potential di1erence and electromotive force watt unit of power e"ual to one oule per second weber unit of magnetic 8ux e"ual to .00 million maxwells wey old measure for dry goods usually e"ual to /0 bushels yardland unit of land area e"ual to 30 acres yrneh unit of reciprocal inductance 'olotnik old <ussian unit of weight e"ual to .O@ of an ounce