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Understanding VRRP

For Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10-Gigabit Ethernet, and logical
interfaces, you can configure the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) or VRRP
for IP!" VRRP enables hosts on a #$% to &a'e use of redundant routing (latfor&s on
that #$% )ithout re*uiring &ore than the static configuration of a single default route
on the hosts" +he VRRP routing (latfor&s share the IP address corres(onding to the
default route configured on the hosts" $t any ti&e, one of the VRRP routing (latfor&s is
the &aster (actie) and the others are bac'u(s" If the &aster fails, one of the bac'u(
routers or s)itches beco&es the ne) &aster router, (roiding a irtual default routing
(latfor& and enabling traffic on the #$% to be routed )ithout relying on a single
routing (latfor&" ,sing VRRP, a bac'u( router can ta'e oer a failed default router
)ithin a fe) seconds" +his is done )ith &ini&u& VRRP traffic and )ithout any
interaction )ith the hosts"
Routers or running VRRP dyna&ically elect &aster and bac'u( routers" -ou can also
force assign&ent of &aster and bac'u( routers using (riorities fro& 1 through .//, )ith
.// being the highest (riority" In VRRP o(eration, the default &aster router sends
adertise&ents to bac'u( routers at regular interals" +he default interal is 1 second" If
a bac'u( router does not receie an adertise&ent for a set (eriod, the bac'u( router
)ith the ne0t highest (riority ta'es oer as &aster and begins for)arding (ac'ets"
Note: +o &ini&i1e net)or' traffic, VRRP is designed in such a )ay that only the
router that is acting as the &aster sends out VRRP adertise&ents at any gien
(oint in ti&e" +he bac'u( routers do not send any adertise&ent until and unless
they ta'e oer &astershi("
VRRP for IP! (roides a &uch faster s)itchoer to an alternate default router than
IP! %eighbor 2iscoery (%2) (rocedures" +y(ical de(loy&ents use only one bac'u(
router"
Figure 1 illustrates a basic VRRP to(ology" In this e0a&(le, Routers $, 3, and 4 are
running VRRP and together they &a'e u( a irtual router" +he IP address of this irtual
router is 10"10"0"1 (the sa&e address as the (hysical interface of Router $)"
Figure 15 3asic VRRP
3ecause the irtual router uses the IP address of the (hysical interface of Router $,
Router $ is the &aster VRRP router, )hile Routers 3 and 4 function as bac'u( VRRP
routers" 4lients 1 through 6 are configured )ith the default gate)ay IP address of
10"10"0"1" $s the &aster router, Router $ for)ards (ac'ets sent to its IP address" If the
&aster irtual router fails, the router configured )ith the higher (riority beco&es the
&aster irtual router and (roides uninterru(ted serice for the #$% hosts" 7hen
Router $ recoers, it beco&es the &aster irtual router again"
VRRP is defined in RF4 68!9, Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)" VRRP for
IP! is defined in Internet draft draft-ietf-rr(-i(!-s(ec-09"t0t, Virtual Router
Redundancy Protocol for IPv6" :ee also Internet draft draft-ietf-rr(-unified-&ib-0!"t0t,
Definitions of Managed Objects for the VRRP over IPv4 and IPv6"
Note: Een though VRRP, as defined in RF4 68!9, does not su((ort
authentication, the ;unos <: i&(le&entation of VRRP su((orts authentication as
defined in RF4 .669" +his su((ort is achieed through the bac')ard co&(atibility
o(tions in RF4 68!9"
Published: 2013-08-28

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