Short Range Communication and Sensor Network

Short Range Communication
and Sensor Networks

- Research at the CWC -
Dr. Matti Hämäläinen
Research Director –SRC
matti.hamalainen(at)ee.oulu.fi
- Alan Kay
SRC Defined
“
Communication technologies for demanding
low-power, short-range applications”
Research topics include:
Algorithms and architectures

Cross-layer protocols
Convergent networks
Innovative low-power radios
Location & tracking and communication apps
Demonstrations
2/25
© Dr. Matti Hämäläinen, CWC 6.6.2007
SRC application Areas
Consumer Security & Automation

Applications Defence Industry
3/25
SRC Resources
• Dr. Matti Hämäläinen (SRC Leader)

• Prof. Jari Iinatti
– Communications theory
– Ultra wideband
• Prof. Carlos Pomalaza-Ráez
– Ad hoc and sensor networks
• Dr. Giuseppe Abreu (Docent)
• Dr. Ian Oppermann (Docent)
• About 20 researchers (post-docs, Dr. students, M.Sc.
students)
• Experimental eLab for implementation & measurement
• Computer simulation with Matlab, Opnet & ns-2
4/25
SRC research activities
5/25
Ultra Wideband
• The CWC has a global reputation for UWB 800
research 700
600
• Two categories of UWB 500
– Low data-rate with location & tracking

400
300
•1-5 Mbps channel rates, low-power 200
Vout, mV
– Using impulse radio techniques or
100
– Chirp spread spectrum -100
•CWC has involved with 802.15.4a -200
standardization -300
– High rate multi-band OFDM (WiMedia)

-400
-500
•100s of Mbps possible at low range -600
– 480 Mbps @ 2 m, 200 Mbps @ 10 m

-700
2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3
•CWC has involved with 802.15.3

time, nsec
standardization
• Theoretical PHY and MAC research
• Cross-layer design & capacity studies
• Applied channel measurements, interference
measurements, positioning algorithm, and ASIC
development
6/25
• Co-existence studies
–CWC’ s own UWB transmitters
–PulsON’ s UWB transceivers
• Co-existence studied against

–IEEE802.11a/b
–Bluetooth
–UMTS
–GPS
7/25
UWB projects in CWC
8/25
Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN)
• Wireless communications for low-power sensing and control
applications
• Demanding requirements
– Ultra-low power for long lifetime
– Scalable networks, difficult topology changes
– Self-forming networks
– Data-centricity
• Gateway architectures
• Heterogeneous networks
• Convergent networks
9/25
Cross-layer routing scalability and
performance in convergent
sensor networks
• Realistic requirement
specification for heterogenious,
convergent sensor network
• Definition of convergent sensor
network architectures,
protocols and scenarios
• Study the performance and
scalability of the routing
protocols in the defined
convergent sensor network
Gateway Cluster head 10/25

Sensor node

• OPNET simulation model, which can be used to study the
performance of routing protocols used in the defined
hierarchical network, is developed:
– Delay from sensor to gateway
– Delay from gateway to sensors when commands from
user have been send to sensors
– Throughput of the communication
– Scalability of the routing protocols
• Simulation results will be shown:

– for different routing protocols (OLSR, AODV, DSR),
– for different network scenarios (size of the network,
number of nodes, …)
– for different network traffic scenarios
OLSR = Optimized Link State Routing

AODV = Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector
DSR = Dynamic Source Routing
11/25
Cross-layer design
• Traditional layered protocol design is not efficient
– Interactions between different layers must be taken into
account to achieve optimal performance
• There are several factors in the PHY and MAC layers that
can be used to optimize the energy consumption in WSNs
– At the PHY layer, the use of a proper error control
coding is a good way to decrease the energy
consumption.
– At the MAC layer, arguably the best way to save energy
is to put the nodes to sleep whenever possible
• The most energy efficient solution will be achieved when
the PHY and MAC layers are designed in a joint matter.
• Develop a cross-layer model for PHY and MAC layers for
WSN transceivers
• Study the use of forward error correction (FEC) coding and
the set-up of awake/sleep periods in WSN radios
12/25
e-Sense
• The e-Sense project is an EU FP6 project on convergent
wireless sensor networks
• The goal is to develop cross-layer protocols and
architectures that support the integration of next
generation context collection using wireless sensors with
B3G
• CWC is leading the networking work package and has been
active in architecture and demonstration activities
• Continuation as a SENSEI has been applied in EU FP7
Program
– Very large scale WSN
– Scalability
• EU FP6 Cruise for WSN routing studies

13/25
Ubiquitous WSN
• Everywhere
• Anytime
• Seamlessly
• Environmental monitoring
• Human monitoring
• Security monitoring
• Etc.
14/25
Positioning Research
Measurable Positioning Challenges
Variable Density
Parameters
Connectivity
Non-linearity,
Multi-path,
DoA (AoA) Interference, Mobility,
Noise Power cons.
ToA
TDoA Signal
Strength Heterogeneity
Low-Rank Wavelet
Approximation Decomposition
Euclidean
Distance Matrix
Joint Completion
Diagonalization
MDS Kalman
Algorithm Semi-Definite Filter
Programming
Mathematical Tools 15/25

• The aim is to find out possible distributed location
algorithms and ranging techniques to be used in
wireless sensor networks, such as UWB WSN, etc.
• Possible ranging techniques
– time-of-arrival (TOA)
– time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA)
– received-signal-strength (RSS)
– direction-of-arrival (DOA)
• TDOA or TOA are preferred to be used with UWB
radios.
16/25
• There exist algorithms which can perform
localization in fully distributed manner.
• If it is possible to use anchor nodes (static or
mobile) in localization, algorithms can provide
absolute coordinates.
• If there are not anchor nodes in the network,
algorithms can provide relative position
information. Relative coordinates provided by
distributed sensor network can be converted to
absolute coordinates in the central node, which
have knowledge of own absolute coordinates.
17/25
Wireless in Health
• Wireless Hospital Consortium

(WILHO)
– National in Oulu region UWB AP
– International
•EU WILHO Consortium
The Second International
•NICT/MICT, Japan Symposium on
Medical Information and Communication Technology
• WHAN, WPAN, WBAN, PBS
Oulu, Finland, Dec 11-13, 2007 PBS
– Hospital area
http://www.ismict2007.org/ Sensor
– Personal area
– Body area
• Architecture & performance
• Use-cases
• Demonstrations at the hospitals
18/25
PBS = Portable base station
eLab
• Our embedded communications lab
– Hardware and software design capabilities
– Advanced measurement tools
– UWB measurement platform
– Protocol performance measurements
– Demonstrations
•CWC WSN platform
•UWB positioning & video streaming
• Teaching use starting in winter 2006/2007
– Course on Applied sensor networking
• Wireless sensor networking spin-off
– Sensinode Ltd. (2006)
•www.sensinode.com
19/25
Demonstrations
UWBIRpositioning:
passive
Road sensors
Tien reuna
* based
& on the measurement
track
of
round-trip delays
RSSI
* robust to multipath effects
magnetic
sensors
Small ha
Sensor
sensori
vehicle
Demo-
Demo
intruder
vihollinen
Big bussi
vehicle GUI
gateway
IEEE 802.15.4 radio & USB

6lowpan protocol stack
supporting multihop PC + display
Pc+esitysjärjestelmä
Also peer-to-peer live video transmission using UWB
20/25
UWB co-existence
GPS transmitter
antenna (if used)
Control board Receiver
Antenna antenna
Interference
distance 36 cm
Pulse generator
21/25
Also work for Wibree
• Nokia’s new Wibree concept

– Work for early Wibree has been done in Trillian project
at CWC few years ago
– Earlier known as the Bluetooth light concept
Wibree radio specification:

Wibree radio specification enables dual-mode implementations to reuse
Bluetooth RF part but also to guarantee ultra low power consumption for
devices with embedded stand-alone implementation of the Wibree
specification. Wibree operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band with physical layer
bit rate of 1 Mbps and provides link distance of 5-10 meters.
www.wibree.com
22/25
Ski Tunnel Demo
Zigbee
access points
Vital parameters &

location can be transferred
using WSN
23/25
Summary
24/25
SRC expertice areas
• Different wireless standards
– IEEE802.15.3/3a: high data rate / UWB
– IEEE802.15.4/4a: ZigBee, low data rate UWB
– IEEE802.11 standards: WiFi
– Wibree, Bluetooth
– NFC, RFID
• Working mainly in PHY, MAC and NET layers
• DSP algorithm design
• Cross-layer design
• Dedicated MAC design
• Energy efficient WSN channel coding and routing
• Positioning algorithms
• Design, building and implementation of demonstrations
25/25
Short Range Communication
and Sensor Networks
- Research at the CWC -
Dr. Matti Hämäläinen
Research Director –SRC
matti.hamalainen(at)ee.oulu.fi
- Alan Kay

Short Range Communication and Sensor Network

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Short Range Communication

and Sensor Networks

Research topics include:

Algorithms and architectures

Consumer Security & Automation

• Dr. Matti Hämäläinen (SRC Leader)

• Two categories of UWB 500

– Low data-rate with location & tracking

•1-5 Mbps channel rates, low-power 200

– Chirp spread spectrum -100

•CWC has involved with 802.15.4a -200

– High rate multi-band OFDM (WiMedia)

•100s of Mbps possible at low range -600

– 480 Mbps @ 2 m, 200 Mbps @ 10 m

•CWC has involved with 802.15.3

• Co-existence studied against

Gateway Cluster head 10/25

© Dr. Matti Hämäläinen, CWC 6.6.2007

• Simulation results will be shown:

OLSR = Optimized Link State Routing

• EU FP6 Cruise for WSN routing studies

Mathematical Tools 15/25

• Wireless Hospital Consortium

IEEE 802.15.4 radio & USB

• Nokia’s new Wibree concept

Wibree radio specification:

Vital parameters &

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