Assignment 16 Projectile Motion Name

..
For all questions, assume air resistance is negligible. Use g = 1ms
!"
1. Amelia throws a netball vertically. What happens to the #orce on the
ball as it rises, stops then falls?
Force due to gravity is constant (downwards) the whole time
. Amelia throws a netball vertically. What happens to the acceleration of
the ball as it rises, stops then falls?
acceleration due to gravity force is constant (downwards) the whole time (yes
even at the highest point)
!. Amelia throws a netball vertically. What happens to the $elocit% of the
ball as it rises, stops then falls?
velocity starts ma"imum upwards, decreases to #ero (at highest point) then
increases but downwards.
$. What is the si&e and 'irection of the acceleration as it rises and at the
(ig(est )oint?
%.&ms
'
downwards
%.&ms
'
downwards
(. )escribe what 1* ms
'
actually means.
An increase or decrease of velocity by 1*ms
'1
in one second.
+. ,enny is roc- climbing. .he drops a carabineer. /ow fast is it falling
after (a) 1 s? (b) ( s?
(a) 1* ms
'1
(b) (* ms
'1
0. 1ridget throws a netball hori#ontally at 1* ms
'1
and drops another from
the same height. 2"plain which lands first.
1oth land at the same time because the both have the same vertical
acceleration. (sideways motion doesn3t affect vertical motion)
&. 1ridget throws a netball hori#ontally at 1* ms
'1
from a height of 1.& m.
(a)/ow long does it ta-e to land?
(b) /ow far does it go hori#ontally
(a) consider vertical motion.
2
1
2
2
1
2
1.8 0 9.8
0.60
i
d v t at
t
t s
= +
= +
=
(b)consider hori#ontal motion
d
/
4 v " t d 4 1* " *.+* d 4 +.* m.
%. 1ridget throws the netball hori#ontally again from a height of 1.& m. 5t
lands $.* m away. /ow fast did she throw it?
2
1
2
2
1
2
1.8 0 9.8
0.60
i
d v t at
t
t s
= +
= +
=

1
4.0
6.7
0.60
H
H
H
d
v
t
v ms

=
= =
1*. What happens to the (ori&ontal component of the ball3s velocity as
it falls?
/ori#ontal component of velocity always remains constant as there is no
hori#ontal force6
11. What happens to the $ertical component of the ball3s velocity as it
falls?
7ertical component of velocity increases at 1* ms
'
due to gravity force.
1. 1ridget then throws the netball upward at an angle. What happens
to the vertical component of its velocity as it rises? As it falls?
8he vertical component of velocity decreases as the stone rises, is #ero as
it changes direction9 the vertical velocity increases at 1* ms
'1
each second
as it falls.
1!. What happens to the hori#ontal component of its velocity as it
rises? As it falls?
remains constant
1!. A pro:ectile falls beneath the straight'line path it would follow if
there were no gravity. /ow many meters does it fall below the line if it
has been travelling for 1s? For s?
d 4 ;at

where a 4 1*ms
'
. After 1 s the distance is (m. After s, distance
is *m.
1$. )oes your answer to the last <uestion depend on the angle at
which it was launched?
=>6 Acceleration remains the same.
1(. A pro:ectile is launched vertically at 1** ms
'1
. 5f air resistance can
be neglected, at what velocity will it return to its initial level?
'1** ms
'1
.
1+. .uppose you roll a ball off a tabletop. Will the time to hit the
floor depend on the speed of the ball? 2"plain your answer.
=o. 7ertical motion is independent of hori#ontal motion. 8he distance
covered by the ball is given by d 4 ;at

, so the time ta-en is independent

of the initial hori#ontal velocity.
10. 5f you toss a ball vertically upward in a uniformly moving train,
where will it land? 2"plain why.
5t will land in the same place on the train. 8he ball has the same sideways
velocity as the train. 5f it is thrown vertically, it will -eep the same
sideways velocity as the train as it has no sideways force on it.
1&. A bomb accidentally falls from a high'flying airplane :ust as it
flies directly above a shiny red ,orsche par-ed in a carpar-. ?elative to
the ,orsche, where will the bomb land?
8he bomb will land past the ,orsche. )istance depends on height and speed
of plane.
1%. 5n the absence of air drag, why does the vertical component of
velocity for a pro:ectile change with time, whereas the hori#ontal
component of velocity doesn3t?
8here is a vertical force (i.e. gravity) but no hori#ontal force, therefore
there will be no change in the hori#ontal velocity (=ewton3s 1
st
@aw)
*. A friend claims that bullets fired by some high'powered rifles
travel for many meters in a straight line path before they start to fall.
Another friend disputes this claim and states that all bullets from any
rifle drop below the straight line path a vertical distance given by
d 4 ;at

and that the curved path is obvious for low velocities and less
obvious for high velocities.

=ow it3s your turn. Will all bullets drop the
same vertical distance in e<ual times? 2"plain.
5n the absence of other forces, any ob:ect falls at a rate of 1* ms
'
due to
gravity, so all ob:ects would fall the same distance below the straight line
path in a given time. /owever, a slow ob:ect will cover a shorter hori#ontal
distance in the same time, so it3s tra:ectory will be more curved than that of
a faster ob:ect.
1. An aeroplane is flying hori#ontally with a speed of 1*** -mh
'1
(&*
ms
'1
) when an engine falls off. =eglecting air resistance, assume it ta-es
!* s for the engine to hit the ground.
(a) /ow high is the plane?
d 4 ;at

4 *.( " 1* " !*

4 $ (** m
(b) /ow far (ori&ontall% does the engine travel while it falls?
d 4 v " t 4 &* " !* 4 & $** m
. 5f the aeroplane somehow continued to fly as if nothing had
happened, where is the engine relative to the aeroplane at the moment
the engine hits the ground?
)irectly below (has the same hori#ontal velocity as the aeroplane).
!. Aorgan and Anna loo- from their &* m high'rise balcony to a
swimming pool below, * m out from the bottom of their building. 8hey
wonder how fast they would have to :ump hori#ontally to succeed in
reaching the pool. What is the answer?
7ertical motionB t 4 C(dDg) 4 ( " &*D1*) 4 $ s
/ori#ontal motionB d 4 v " t 4E v 4 dDt 4 *D$ 4 ( ms
'1
$. What is the ma"imum speed possible for a hori#ontally moving
tennis ball as it clears the net 1.* m high and stri-es within the court3s
border, 1.* m distant?
7ertical motionB t 4 C(dDg) 4 ( " 1D1*) 4 C*. s
/ori#ontal motionB v 4 dDt 4 1D*.$( 4 0 ms
'1
.
(. )raw labelled $elocit% and acceleration vectors on the ball in
flight.
+. .arah -ic-s a soccer ball at a speed of * ms
'1
at !*
o
to the
ground.
a. Falculate the hori#ontal component of velocity.
1
cos
cos30
20
17
o
x
x
adj
hyp
v
v ms

=
=
=
b. Falculate the initial vertical component of velocity.
1
sin
sin30
20
10
y
o
y
opp
hyp
v
v ms

=
=
=
c. Falculate the flight time.
time ta-en is the same as if it was thrown straight up at 1*ms
'1
find the time to get to highest point. Aultiply by
a
a
a
v
v
v
30
o
20ms
-1
V
y
V
x
0 10 ( 9.8 )
1.0
2.0
f i
v v at
t
t s
total time s
= +
= + +
=
=
d. Falculate how high it goes
to find height, use $ertical component of velocity
2
1
2
2
1
2
10 1 9.8 1
5.1
i
d v t at
d
d m
= +
=
=
e. Falculate how far it goes
to find distance use (ori&ontal component of velocity
17 2 35
H
d v t m = = =
0. .halini -ic-s a soccer ball across the length of the school pool at a
speed of 1( ms
'1
at $(
o
to the ground. )oes it reach the other end or
does it fall in the water? Gustify your answer.
1 1
1
H
H
cos 45 sin 45
15 15
10.6 10.6
time to highest oint....
0 10.6 9.8
1.06
2.12
!se ho"i#onta$ ve$ocity comonenet to %in& &istance
&
& 10.6 2.
y o o
x
x y
f i
H
v
v
v ms v ms
use v v at
t
t ms
total time s
v t

= =
= =
= +
=
=
=
=
=
H
12
& 22 .
it %a$$s in the 'ate" (ass!ming oo$ is 25m)
m
NO
=
&. ?ose is on a tramping trip. /er friend is across a river and she
wants to throw a cell phone to her. 8he river is !* m wide.
a. At what angle should she throw it?
$(
o
for ma"imum range
b. .how that the minimum speed she can throw it is 10 ms
'1
consider the motion to the highest point.
8he river is !* m so at the highest point it must have moved 1(m hori#ontally
45
o
15ms
-1
V
y
V
x
ho"i#onta$ ve"tica$

15 0 9.8

9.8
com(ine a(ove e)!ations
15 ( )
9.8
%o" an a
f i
h h v v
h v
v
v
h
d v t v v at
v t v t
v
t
v
v
= = +
= =
=
=
0
h
2
2 2 2
1
ng$e o% 45 v
15 9.8
300
17
v
h
v h
v
v
v v v
v
v ms

=
=
= +
=
=
.HAAA?I
,ro:ectile motion
no hori#ontal force so hori#ontal velocity is constant
vertical component is the same as for an ob:ect falling down vertically J
the faster the ob:ect falls the greater the distance covered each second
curved path followed by a pro:ectile is a combination of hori#ontal and
vertical motion
,ro:ectiles launched hori#ontally
hori#ontal velocity is constant so ball travels same hori#ontal distance each
second
ball accelerates downwards due to gravity so ball covers larger vertical
distance each second
tra:ectory is a parabola
45
o
v
V
y
V
x
,ro:ectiles launched at an angle
pro:ectile drops a distance of (t

below the straight line path each second

hori#ontal component of velocity is constant so ball covers e<ual hori#ontal
distance each second
vertical component of velocity changes J decreases on way up9 #ero at
#enith9 increases on way down
complementary angles give same hori#ontal range
smaller angle 4E less time in the air 4E less range
ma"imum range for angle of $(K