SELANGOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2013

Introduction

One of the mathematical concepts which we must be familiar with is logarithms.
Before the days of scientific calculators, logarithms were used to multiply or divide
extreme numbers using mathematical tables. For these calculations, ten was the most
common base to use. Logarithm to the base of ten is also called the common
logarithm. Other bases such as two, five and eight can also be used. The ancient
Babylonians had used bases up to 60.

Logarithms have many applications in various fields of studies. In the early 17
th

century it was rapidly adopted by navigators, scientists, engineers and astronomers to
perform computations more easily.



PART 1

a) Write a history on logarithm.

b) Find and explain the applications of logarithm in two different fields of study.
Explanation of each application should include the following :

i) The field of study chosen.
ii) Examples of problem solving related to the field of study.



PART 2

The volume, V, in cm
3
, of a solid sphere and its diameter, D, in cm, are related by the
equation V = mD
n
, where m and n are constants.

You can find the value of m and of n by conducting the activities below.

a i) Choose six different spheres with diameters between 1 cm to 8 cm.
Measure the diameters of the six spheres using a pair of
vernier callipers.
ii) Find the volume of each sphere without using the formula of volume.
(You can use the apparatus in the science lab to help you)
iii) Tabulate the values of the diameter, D, in cm, and its corresponding
volume, V, in cm
3
.

b Find the value of m and of n using logarithms with any two sets of values
obtained in the table above.
PART 3

(A) In our daily life, the relation between two variables is not always in a linear form. For
example, the relation between the volume, V, and the diameter, D, in Part 2 above.
Plot V against D using suitable scales.

(B) When the graph V against D is drawn, the value of m and of n are not easily
determined from the graph. If the non-linear relation is changed to a linear form, a
line of best fit can be drawn and the values of the constants and other information can
be obtained easily.

a) Reduce the equation V = mD
n
to a linear form.

b) Using the data from Part 2, plot the graph and draw the line of best fit.

c) From the graph, find

i) the value of m and of n, thus express V in terms of D,
ii) the volume of the sphere when the diameter is 5 cm, and
iii) the radius of the sphere when the volume is 180 cm
3
.





FURTHER EXPLORATION

a) Compare the equation obtained in Part 3 (B) c (i) with the formula of volume
of sphere. Hence, find the value of .

b) Suggest another method to find the value of .




REFLECTION

What have you learnt while conducting the project? What moral values did you
practise? Express your feelings and opinions creatively through the usage of
symbols, drawings, lyrics of a song or a poem.





END OF PROJECT PAPER


SELANGOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2013



PART 1

(a) Describe in brief
(i) price index,
(ii) weightage,
(iii) composite index.

(b) State four ways of weightage representations. Find the examples of the representations
using internet or any printed materials.



PART 2

We often hear complaints from the public about inflation. It causes an increase
in the household expenditure in a family.

The household expenditure for every family is different.

a) Complete Table 1 for your family's monthly expenditure for the year 2013.

Item
Average Monthly
Expenditure for the year
2013
(to the nearest RM)
Percentage of
monthly expenses
(to the nearest %)
Food
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)

Transportation
(Petrol/ Loan / Bus fare etc)

Clothing
Education
Recreation
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)

Medication
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Table 1

(b) If we want to compare the cost of living from one year to another, we have to
calculate the price index that involves some of the items mentioned above.

(i) In order to calculate the price index of all the items above, we have to consider the
average monthly expenses of any previous year as the base year.
Select the appropriate year as the base year.

(ii) Hence, complete Table 2 below:


Item
Average monthly
expenses for the year ... as
the base year
(RM)
Average monthly
expenses for the year
2013
(RM)
Food
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)

Transportation
(Petrol / Loan / Bus fare etc)

Clothing
Education
Recreation
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)

Medication
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Table 2



















(c) ( i) Complete Table 3 based on the above information.

Item Price indices for the year 2013
based on the year ...
Weightage
Food
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
Transportation
(Petrol / Loan / Bus fare etc)

Clothing
Education
Recreation
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)

Medication
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
Table 3


( ii) Hence, calculate the composite index for the average monthly expenditure
in the year 2013 based on the selected base year.

(d) Make a conclusion about your family's expenditure based on your findings.






















PART 3

Your family is planning to buy a new television set.
( a) You have conducted a survey on the price of the television for two different brands
from three different shops. You would like to make a comparison between two
modes
of payment, namely, cash payment and payment by installment.

Table 4 (a) shows the prices of televisions by cash payment in three different shops
whereas Table 4(b) shows the prices of televisions by installment.
Complete Table 4 (a) and 4(b) using the data you obtained.

Brand
Size of
Television
(inches)
Price (RM)


Mean
Price
(RM)
Standard
Deviation
(RM) Shop A Shop B Shop C

24
32
40

24
32
40
Table 4(a)

Brand
Size of
Television
(inches)
Price (RM)


Mean
Price
(RM)
Standard
Deviation
(RM)
Shop A Shop B Shop C
24
32
40
24
32
40
Table 4(b)

(b) Determine the brand and size of the television that you have decided to buy. Give
your
reasons based on the findings from part (a) above.

(c) The Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs wishes to present the Fair
Price
Shop Award for one of the above shops. If you are one of the panels for this award,
determine the shop that deserve the award. Do you consider the value of the mean
and
the value of standard deviation in making your decision? Give your justifications..



PART 4

(a) Your family has a fixed monthly income. In order to buy the television, your
family needs to make some adjustment on the various types of expenditure.
[You can choose to pay by cash or by installment]

Show the average monthly expenditure that you have modified in a table.

(b) Assuming you have just started working with a monthly salary of RM2 500.You
intend to save 10% of your salary every month.
Plan your monthly expenditure as in Table 1 above and add other items such as
savings and contributions to your parents.






REFLECTION

What have you learnt while conducting the project? What moral values did you practise?
Represent your feelings or opinions creatively through the usage of symbols, drawings or
lyrics in a song or a poem.











END OF PROJECT PAPER


RUBRIC FOR ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2013

Name: ... Form 5:

Range of
marks
Marks
Awarded
Subtotal
A. REPORT PRESENTATION
A1. General Aspect Appropriate title. 1
(6%) Content page. 1
Systematic presentation. 1 2
Creativity. 1 2
A2. Introduction
(10%)
Comprehensive introduction - may include history, values
and other information relevant to the task including
pictures and captions.
5 7

Satisfactory introduction. 1 4
Relating given task to real-life situations. 1 3
B. TASK SPECIFICATION
B1. Specify the task
(5%)
Identify and state all given information and required results
in effective mathematical statements.
4 5

Identify and state given information and required results
incompletely.
1 3

C. PROBLEM SOLVING
C1. Procedure In-depth understanding of the questions.
31 35


(35 %) Use very efficient problem-solving strategies.
Answer all questions correctly.
Understand the questions.
15 - 30


Use strategies that lead to solutions of the problems.
Answer all questions correctly.
Partially understand the question. Use strategies that are
partially useful. Do not answer all questions correctly.
5 - 14

C2. Communication
& Reasoning
(15%)
Communicate precisely and efficiently using mathematical
representations such as symbols/graphs/tables/diagrams.
Refined and complex reasoning.
13 15

Communicate effectively using mathematical
representations such as symbols/graphs/tables/diagrams.
Use effective mathematical reasoning.
10 12

Communicate ineffectively. Limited use of mathematical
representations such as symbols/graphs/tables/diagrams.
Some evidence of mathematical reasoning.
5 9

C3. Making and
supporting
conjecture
(6%)
Evidence of making and supporting conjectures.
6

Making conjecture only.
3

D. CONCLUSION/GENERALISATION /FURTHER INVESTIGATION
D1. Further
Investigation
(15%)
Systematic exploration with comprehensive explanation. 10 15
Some exploration. 5 9
D2. Conclusion /
Generalisation
(3%)
State relevant conclusion/generalisation. 1 3

E. REFLECTION
E1. Reflection
(5%)
Comprehensive reflection. 4 5
Incomplete reflection. 1 3
Total score (A1 + A2 + B1 + C1 + C2 + C3 + D1+D2+ E1)