Thickening and Digestion

Sht 1 of 2

3) Optimize the thickener - digestion system

MEt2 =
MET_eff =
MEt_q2 =
MEt1 =
MEt (q1+q2)=
Xt1 =
Xt2 =
q1 =
q2 =

686
80
606
0
606
0
4
0
152

kg TSS/d
kg TSS/d
kg TSS/d
kg TSS/d
kg TSS/d
kg TSS/m3
kg TSS/m3
m3/d
m3/d

MEv2 =
MEv_eff =
MEv_q2 =
MEva_q2
fav2 =
MEv1 =
MEva1 =
MEvna1 =

480
56
424
163
38%
0
0
0

kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
(-)
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d

Rdp =
Rdn =
MEd2 =
MEd1 =
MEd =
MNdi =
Ndi =

56%
16%
132
0
132
13
3,3

(-)
(-)
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg N/d
mg N/l

Rdi =
MEvae =
MEve =
MEte =
MSd =
fav (qdi) =
fat (qdi) =

12,7
31
292
474
199
0,10
0,06

days
kg VSS/d
kg VSS/d
kg TSS/d
kg COD/d
(-)
(-)

Cp =
dH Nat. Gas =
dH CH4 =
dH CH4 =
CH4 content =
Combust. Eff. =
MWCH4

4,2
35,0
810
50,6
65%
80%
16

MCH4 =
Avail. Energy =
Qbg =
Pgen (bg) =
k=
v0 =
Hth =
Sfth =

50
2012
107
23
0,445640024
155,4879808
3
1,5

kJ/(kg.degC)
MJ/m3 nat.gas
kJ/mol CH4
MJ/kg CH4
in biogas
as heat
kg/kmol

kg CH4/d
MJ/d
Nm3/d
kW
l/g TSS
m/d
m
(-)

Cth =
Cdi =
Cng =
Ann. Factor=
Tdes,di =
Tavg,amb =
Tavg,r =
Tmin,r =

876
824
0,35
11,3
30
12
17
12

Hdi
Hdi (b.gl.)
Hdi (a.gl.)
Hcone

6
2
4
3

876
824
0,35
11,3
degrees C
degrees C
degrees C
degrees C

m
m
m
m

Selection of optimal thickener/digester combination according to mimimum total volume; minimum total construction cost or minimum annualized total costs
Xth,r
Xth,l
Fl
Vth
qth
Vdi
Total Volume
Total Constr
Annualized
Energy req. Energy req. Energy Cost
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/(m2*d)
m3
m3/d
m3
m3
Cost
Total Costs
kW (avg)
kW (max)
(opportunity)
12
9,0
101,4
27
51
642
669

553.000
57.000
25
49

7.900
13
10,1
78,1
35
47
593
628

519.000
53.000
22
44

6.800
14
11,2
59,2
46
43
550
597

494.000
50.000
19
39

5.800
15
12,3
44,2
62
40
514
575

477.000
47.000
16
35

5.000
16
13,3
32,7
83
38
482
565

470.000
45.000
14
32

4.300
17
14,3
23,9
114
36
453
567

473.000
46.000
11
29

3.600
18
15,4
17,3
157
34
428
586

491.000
46.000
10
26

3.000
19
16,4
12,5
219
32
406
624

526.000
49.000
8
23

2.500
20
17,4
8,9
306
30
385
691

585.000
54.000
7
21

2.100
21
18,4
6,3
430
29
367
797

679.000
62.000
5
19

1.600
22
19,5
4,5
608
28
350
958

821.000
73.000
4
17

1.300
23
20,5
3,2
863
26
335
1198

1.032.000
92.000
3
16

900
24
21,5
2,2
1232
25
321
1553

1.343.000
120.000
2
14

600
25
22,5
1,5
1765
24
308
2073

1.799.000
159.000
1
13

300
26
23,5
1,1
2537
23
296
2833

2.465.000
218.000
0
12

27
24,5
0,7
3659
22
285
3944

3.439.000
303.000
-1
10

20028
25,5
0,5
5294
22
275
5569

4.861.000
429.000
-2
9

50029
26,5
0,4
7680
21
266
7946

6.943.000
612.000
-2
8

70030
27,6
0,2
11172
20
257
11429

9.993.000
881.000
-3
7

900Steps:
a) Select the target thickened sludge concentration for minimum total volume, minimum construction costs or minimum annualized construction costs including heating
b) Compare the average available energy with the average energy requirements for heating the digester. Adapt the operational digester temperature if needed.
c) Check the hydraulic residence time in the thickener: adapt settling chars, H, Sf, Xth if required
Minimum total constr. cost solution =
Minimum annualized total cost solution =
Minimum total volume solution =
Selected

470.000
45.000
565

m3

for Xth,r =
for Xth,r =
for Xth,r =

16
16
16

kg TSS/m3
kg TSS/m3
kg TSS/m3

Rhth =
Rhth =
Rhth =

13
13
13

hr
hr
hr

m3
m3/d
kg TSS/d
kg TSS/m3
m3/d

Nett. En. Req.=

14
32
33
78
46
69

kW (avg)
kW (max)
m3/d (avg)
m3/d (max)
kW (avg)
kW (max)

Minimum total annualized costs

Xth,r =
qth =
Vth =
Rhth =
Hth =
Ath =
Dth =

16
38
83
13
3
28
6,0

kg TSS/m3
m3/d
m3
hr
m
m2
m

Vdi =
qdi =
Xte =
Xtdw =
qdw =

482
38
12,5
300
1,6

Nat. Gas req. =

Pgen (tot) =

eur/m3
eur/m3
eur/Nm3 n.g.
(avg of C/M/I)

Annualized
Constr. Cost

49.000

46.000

44.000

42.000

41.000

42.000

43.000

46.000

52.000

60.000

72.000

91.000

119.000

159.000

218.000

303.000

429.000

613.000

882.000

Thickening and Digestion

Sht 2 of 2

Material and insulation:

Fixed steel covers; 6 mm thick; not insulated
Plain concrete wall (below ground); surrounded by moist earth
Plain concrete walls (above ground); 300 mm; insulation
Plain concrete floors; 300 mm; in contact with dry earth

Cover
Walls (b.gl.)
Walls (a.gl)
Floor

Tavg
12
12
12
10

Tmin
0
0
0
-5

Tdi - Tavg
18
18
18
20

Calculation of heating requirements digester

Digester size
Surface area
H
D
Wall (a.gl) Wall (b.gl)
m
m
m2
m2
6
11,7
147
73
6
11,2
141
70
6
10,8
136
68
6
10,4
131
66
6
10,1
127
64
6
9,8
123
62
6
9,5
120
60
6
9,3
117
58
6
9,0
114
57
6
8,8
111
55
6
8,6
108
54
6
8,4
106
53
6
8,3
104
52
6
8,1
102
51
6
7,9
100
50
6
7,8
98
49
6
7,6
96
48
6
7,5
94
47
6
7,4
93
46

Tdi - Tmin
30
30
30
35

U
4,7
1,25
0,7
1,7

Floor
m2
120
112
105
99
93
89
84
81
77
74
71
69
66
64
62
60
58
57
55

Roof
m2
107
99
92
86
80
76
71
68
64
61
58
56
54
51
49
48
46
44
43

Heat loss
Avg.
kW
16,6
15,5
14,6
13,7
13,0
12,3
11,8
11,2
10,8
10,3
9,9
9,6
9,3
8,9
8,7
8,4
8,2
7,9
7,7

MJ/d
1438
1342
1259
1186
1123
1066
1016
971
930
893
859
828
799
773
748
726
705
685
666

Max.
kW
28,1
26,2
24,6
23,2
21,9
20,8
19,8
19,0
18,2
17,4
16,8
16,2
15,6
15,1
14,6
14,2
13,8
13,4
13,0

MJ/d
2426
2264
2124
2001
1894
1799
1714
1638
1569
1506
1449
1397
1348
1304
1263
1224
1188
1155
1124

Influent Heating
Avg.
kW
MJ/d
31,8
2746
29,3
2534
27,2
2353
25,4
2196
23,8
2059
22,4
1938
21,2
1830
20,1
1734
19,1
1647
18,2
1569
17,3
1498
16,6
1432
15,9
1373
15,3
1318
14,7
1267
14,1
1220
13,6
1177
13,1
1136
12,7
1098

Max.
kW
44,0
40,6
37,7
35,2
33,0
31,1
29,3
27,8
26,4
25,1
24,0
23,0
22,0
21,1
20,3
19,6
18,9
18,2
17,6

MJ/d
3801
3509
3258
3041
2851
2683
2534
2401
2281
2172
2074
1983
1901
1825
1755
1690
1629
1573
1521