http://www.sa-boergoats.com/asp/other/glossary.

asp 30/7/2014
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Glossary by Category
7% Iodine Disinfectant use on the navels of newborn goats to help dry up the
navels and closing the passageway into the body of the goat. Some people also dip
the hooves of newborns in iodine to prevent tetanus from the dirt from being
absorbed by the body.
48% Soybean Meal A high protein by-product of soybeans.
A
ABGA American Boer Goat Association.
Abomasum The fourth and final chamber of the digestive system of ruminants.
This is where the enzymatic digestion occurs.
Abortifacients Drugs or toxins that cause abortions.
Abortion Miscarriage. The cancellation or ending of a pregnancy.
Abscesses Pus-filled cavities usually caused by bacterial infection.
Acidosis Failure of the mechanism that controls the acidity of the blood, other
body fluids, or body tissues so that it rises significantly and causes a low blood pH.
In goats this is normally due to eating too much grain.
ADGA American Dairy Goat Association.
Aflatoxin A toxic compound produced by a mold fungus in agricultural crops,
especially peanuts, and in animal feeds that have not been carefully stored.
Afterbirth The placenta and membranes expelled from the uterus after birth
usually within 3 to 6 hours.
AI Light and Battery Pack Essential for seeing inside the doe when doing
artificial insemination. A light on the end of a wan, which is inserted into the
Speculum to allow you to view the cervix to determine it the does is ready for
insemination.
Albon A treatment for coccidiosis.
Alfalfa A forage crop in the pea family grown as hay or a forage crop.
AMGA American Meat Goat Association.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic A type of antibiotic that works against many types
of bacteria and includes streptomycin, gentamicin, and neomycin. Aminoglycoside
antibiotics inactivate enzymes in actinomycetes. This antibiotic is linked with
amino sugars.
Anemia Blood containing too few red blood cells or red blood cells deficient in
hemoglobin. With goats this is often caused by blood-sucking parasites. Anemia
causes poor health and/or death. At Clear Creek Farms we treat anemia in goats
with Geritol and/or Magic.
Ante mortem Preceding death.
Anthelmintic A drug that destroys parasitic worms or flushes out intestinal
parasitic worms
Antibiotics A drug capable of killing bacteria or rendering bacteria inactive.
Antibiotics are derived from microorganisms, especially fungi, or are synthetically
produced.
Antiseptic Ointment A cream or salve designed to reduce or prevent infection
by eliminating or reducing the growth of a microorganism.
Antiseptic Solution A liquid designed to reduce or prevent infection by
eliminating or reducing the growth of a microorganism.
Antitoxin An antibody produced in response to a particular toxin.
Artificial Insemination (AI) A management technique that has been available to
American producers for several decades. Using frozen semen to impregnate a
doean excellent way of improving the genetics of a herd without buying and
maintaining an expensive buck. AI involves collection of semen from a buck and
transfer of the semen to the reproductive tract of the doe. Does can be inseminated
with either fresh semen or with commercially available frozen semen.
Aspirin A pain relieving drug derived from salicylic acid used to relieve pain
and inflammation, to lower fever, and to reduce the risk of blood clotting within an
artery.
Atrophy To shrink or waste away, usually caused by illness or injury.
B
Baking Soda Sodium bicarbonate used to neutralize acid in the stomach of
goats.
Banamine The brand name of flunixin meglumine, an injectable non-steroid
anti-inflammatory drug used for pain and fever.
Banding A method of castration.
Beet Pulp Beets are plants with large tuber roots, often fed to animals. Dried
beets contain a high concentration of sugar. The residue from sugar beets provide
an excellent source of high-energy feed, especially for gestating and lactating
goats. The leaf of the beet is also used for livestock feed.
Billy A male goat; a. buck.
Biomycin An anti-infect ant antibacterial for intramuscular or subcutaneous
administration to speed up the healing process. Biomycin is an OTC product, a
brand name for Oxytetracycline, with a broad range of uses. Our vet recommends 1
cc per 25 pounds either SQ or IM.
Biosecurity An awareness of methods to prevent transmission of disease. Levels
of biosecurity go from 0 where animals and people are free to move and have
contact with other livestock to 5 where there is total restriction of access to a farm
(no outside visits to other farms where livestock might be and no outside visitors
allowed). Level 5 include total control of feed sources.
Biosol This drug is produced by Pfizer and contains 200 mg neomycin sulfate per
ml and is used for the treatment of bacterial diarrhea and bacterial enteritis. The
manufacturers recommended treatment: daily doses for treatment of bacterial
diarrheas is 1 teaspoon per 100 pounds for a maximum of 14 days. Withdrawals:
cattle: 1 day; sheep: 2 days; and swine/goats: 3 days.
Birth Weight How much a kid weighs at birth.
Black Oil Sunflower Seeds Black oil sunflower seeds are high in calories. In
addition, the seeds are rich in potassium, fatty acids, phosphorus, vitamin E,
thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, manganese, zinc, and calcium. They are 25% protein
Bloat To become swollen or inflated; a disease affecting goats when there is
excessive gas in the rumen. Normally bloat will be caused by eating too much
new grass or too much grain, especially whole corn. According to Hoegger Goat
Supplies web site, A goat with bloat will show signs of severe distress, grunting,
slobbering, much restless activity, and labored breathing.
Blood Stop A blood coagulant that stops severe surface bleeding from wounds
and cuts immediately. Blood Stop is recommended for use in controlling minor
bleeding from superficial cuts and wounds and after dehorning. It is approved for
use on all animals. There are multiple manufacturers of this product.
Body Condition Score A value from 1 to 5 (thin to fat) or 1 to 9 (extremely thin
to extremely obese) used to evaluate the condition (fat vs. muscle) of an animal.
Boer A breed of goats that originated in South Africa.
Bolus An antibiotic in a very large pill form.
Boosters Depending on the vaccine, a booster or additional shot(s) is given at
specified times, usually either 2, 3, or 4 weeks or annually after the initial vaccine.
BoSe An injectable solution containing Vitamin E and selenium. Our vet
recommends this Schering-Pough product prior to breeding and within the last 30
days of pregnancy at a dose of 2 cc.
Bots An intestinal disease caused by infection with botfly larvae.
Bottle Jaw An accumulation of fluid in the intermandibular space - a condition
more prevalent in pasture animals because of their stance while grazing. This
gravity-dependent seepage of fluid is due to low blood protein and is typically
caused by heavy parasitism.
Breech Birth Incorrect presentation for delivery. In a normal delivery, the feet
are pointing downward; in a breech birth the feet are pointing upward.
Breeding Season The period of time, from a few hours to a few days, a doe is in
standing heat and ready to be bred.
Breeding Season With dairy goats, the breeding season is normally in late
summer and early fall; Boer goats breed year around.
Brood Doe An older female retained for the express purpose of continuing her
genetics/bloodline by producing kids.
Browse To feed or graze on tender vegetation such as the shoots, leaves, or twigs
of shrubs or trees; the tender shoots, leaves, or twigs of shrubs and trees used as
food by goats.
Brucellosis Bangs Disease A bacterial disease of goats caused by Brucella
melitensis or Brucella abortus. Brucellosis in goats is rare in the United States.
Buck A male goat; a.billy.
Buck Collection Semen collection from male goats is another form of managing
risk associated with buck ownership. Buck collection allows access to the genetics
of a particular buck even when the buck is no longer on the premises or even after
the buck has passed on. The owner may choose to retain frozen straws of semen
for future use or sell them to someone else who recognizes the quality of a
particular buck. Buck collection is a form of risk management as insurance in case
the buck unexpectedly expires. This allows access to the genetics of a particular
bloodline whether the buck is available or not. Semen collection from any buck is a
form of insurance that minimizes risk in case loss of a buck occurs.
Buckling A young male goat; a male kid.
Burdizzo An instrument used to castrate bucklings. This instrument severs the
cord without breaking the skin.
Butting Ramming someone or something with head or horns.
C
Cabrito A word most people associate to mean young goat.
Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio Balancing the amount of calcium and phosphorus
in feed to prevent urinary calculi.
Camplylobacter Bacteria A bacteria that causes diarrhea, normally found in the
intestines.
Cane Receptacle that holds the semen. This metal container holds the goblets
that contain the semen straws
Cane Code An identification assigned by the collector to the individual buck
being collected. This identification is placed on the top of the cane and recorded on
the accompanying paperwork.
Canister Number Semen tanks contain six canisters; each is numbered.
Capillary Refill Time (CRT) The amount of time it takes the gums to return to
normal after the pressure of a thumb or finger has been removed.
Caprine The genus of goat; relating to or resembling a goat.
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) A virus similar to AIDS in humans. It is
transmitted through body fluids, especially milk from an affected animal. CAE
viral infection results in arthritis in adult animals and encephalitis in kids between
2 and 6 months of age. Other clinical presentations can include a hard udder or
mastitis, hypogalactia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and progressive weight loss.
Carrier Living creature infected with a disease and can pass it to others but does
not itself display any of the symptoms; or an animal carrying a gene for a particular
genetic trait or disorder without being affected by it, because two copies of the
gene, one from each parent, are usually necessary for the disorder to show itself.
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, an abscess
containing a thick yellow-green pus with little or no odor, normally located in the
lymph nodes, especially around head, chest, flanks; but can also occur in spinal
cord, spleen, lungs, kidney, liver, abdominal cavity, and/or brain. There is no cure,
but CL can be managed using a vaccine made from the pus from an infected
animal in your herd (autogenous vaccine). There is no on-label commercial
vaccine approved for goats.
Castrate Removing the testicles of a male goat making reproduction impossible.
CC (Cubic Centimeter) A measurement for liquids. One cubic centimeter is the
same as 1 milliliter.
CD Antitoxin On label for goats. For use as an aid in the temporary prevention
or treatment of Clostridial enterotoxemia caused by types B,C, and D toxin.
CD/T A vaccine for immunizing sheep, goats & cattle against tetanus and
overeating disease caused by Cl. Perfringens and Types C and D Tetanus Toxoid.
Check Eyelids Raise the eyelids to determine the shade of pink; the darker the
better. Light/white is an indication of anemia.
Check Gums Raise/lower the lips to determine the shade of pink; the darker the
better. Light/white is an indication of anemia.
Chevon A word made up in the early 1900s to indicate goat meat. This word is
not in most dictionaries, and few people outside the goat-growing community
associates it with goats. It is a combination of the French word "chevre" and the
word for sheep, "mutton."
Chlamydia Spherical bacterium that causes several eye and urogenital disease;
this can be a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis.
Chlamydiosis Enzootic abortion. If infected before or soon after birth, the doe
aborts during last 4-6 weeks of her first pregnancy; she usually does not abort
again.
CIDR Control Internal Drug Release device off label for goats.
Cimetidine A vet prescribed medicine used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis
of gastric, abomasal and duodenal ulcers, uremic gastritis, stress-related or drug-
induced erosive gastritis, esophagitis, duodenal gastric reflux and esophageal
reflux.
Cloning Producing a genetically identical organism. From a single cell creating
an organism that is genetically identical to its donor. In 1998, First cloned goat,
"Mira," is conceived through the process of nuclear transfer of cells from a 40-day-
old embryo. The first cloned Boer goat at Texas A&M, named "Second Addition"
(registered name Downen TX 63 684) was born on March 29, 2001. The donor
was an 8-year-old Boer Champion doe and a top producer in Ewing and Donna
Downen's breeding program in Early, TX.
Clostridial Diseases Malignant edema, a wound infection that is characterized
by edema, gas gangrene and septicemia and is caused by Clostridium septicum;
Enterotoxemia, enteritis with severe toxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens;
and Tetanus, a wound infection that causes paralysis and death caused by
Clostridium tetani.
Clostridium A rod-shaped, usually motile, gram-positive bacterium that can
cause serious illnesses including botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
Coccidiosis A disease of domestic animals/goats and birds, and occasionally
humans, caused by coccidia in the intestines, this causes diarrhea. An oocyst that
can destroy the lining of the small intestine causing severe diarrhea and often
death.
Colostrum The first secretions from the mammary glands which contains
antibodies and minerals. This "first milk" is a thick fluid necessary for healthy
kids, produced immediately after giving birth and before the production of milk. A
kid needs a minimum of 10% of its birth weight in colostrums during its first 24
hours after birth.
Copper A micromineral. A deficiency of copper in goats can be reflected in
diarrhea, unthriftiness, poor weight gain, light-colored hair, swollen joints, easily
broken bones, infertility, anemia, and a decreased resistance to disease. On the
other hand, too much copper is toxic and can cause liver failure.
Corid An anti-coccidia agent, a formulation of amprolium, that comes in
powder, crumbles, or oral solution. Withdrawal times not established for goats. It
is manufactured by Merial and used for the treatment of coccidiosis. It is also used
for prevention of pneumonia and scours. While off-label for goats, the
manufacturers recommended treatment as a drench is to mix 3 oz of the powder
with 1 quart of water and give 1 oz per each 100 pounds for 5 days. This drug has a
wide margin of safety.
Corpus Luteum A yellow mass of tissue that forms in part of the ovary after
ovulation and secretes the hormone progesterone.
Corticosteroidsa Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. Examples are
aldosterone, hydrocortisone, or cortisone.
Covexin 8 A vaccine by Schering-Plough that protects against diseases caused
by Clostridium chauvoei, Cl. septicum, Cl. haemolyticum (known elsewhere as Cl.
novyi type D), Cl. novyi, Cl. tetani, and Cl. perfringens types C and D.
Creep Feeding Providing an area where feed is available to young, small goats
but where larger goats cannot intimidate. This promotes faster growth in young
kids.
Critical Temperature The minimum and maximum temperatures tolerated by
goats before additional energy through diet is required to maintain normal body
heat.
Crossbreeding Breeding new strains of genetically different animals.
Crushed Corn Will increase the utilization but the cost to crush outweighs any
benefits.
Cryptosporidiosis Infectious condition characterized by fever, diarrhea, and
stomach cramps. It is spread by a protozoan of the genus Cryptosporidium.
Cud Partly digested food goats (and other ruminants) return to their mouths after
it has been in the first stomach. This food is continuously chewed to aid in
digestion.
Cull Removing animals, especially sick or imperfect/inferior ones, from the
herd. Could also be a factor used to judge if an animal should be removed from the
herd. Animal that do not meet future breeding standards.
Custom Feeding Having your livestock managed and fed in another facility for a
fee.
CWT Hundred weight. Prices at graded meat-goat auctions are often listed per
hundred pounds. To figure the price per pound, simply divide the CWT price by
100.
Cydectin Off label for goats. Manufactured by Fort Dodge, this wormer,
Moxidectin, is a topical formulation for control of roundworms, lungworms, grubs,
lice, and mites in cattle; it also provides 7 days of protection against horn flies.
People who use this product recommend 1 cc per 20, 22, or 25 pounds (depending
on who is doing the recommending) administered orally. Since this is off-label for
goats, there is no known withdrawal time.
D
Dam The female parent.
Date of Birth The date an animal is born.
Decoquinate Coccidostats compound shown to be effective against coccidian
but is also a thiamin inhibitor.
Deworm To cure an animal of an infestation of parasites.
Dextrose A sugar produced during cellular metabolism in plant and animal
tissue. It is found in many fruits, especially grapes, and is a major component of
honey and corn syrup.
Diarrhea A frequent and excessive discharging of the bowels producing
abnormally thin watery feces, usually as a symptom of gastrointestinal upset or
infection.
Diet What an animal normally consumes.
Disbud To remove the horns from a young animal.
Doe A mature female goat.
Doeling A female kid under a year old.
Dosage The measured, prescribed amount of medicine to be administered.
Drenching To administer medicines orally.
Dry Matter How much food the animal is getting after all the water/moisture is
taken out of it.
Dry Off After weaning kids, the doe must quit producing milk. This is
accomplished by cutting the amount of grain to the doe. This is termed the drying
off period.
Drylot An area where goats are held for extender periods of time.
Durasect On label for goats. A ready-to-use pour-on manufactured by Pfizer,
designed for the control of horn flies, face flies, lice and aids in the control of horse
flies, stable flies and house flies.
Dvmectin Off label for goats. Liquid manufactured for horses for the effective
treatment and control of a range of parasites.
Dystocia An abnormal or difficult birth.
E
E. Coli (Escherichia coli) A bacteria normally found in the intestines but
commonly causing infection in other parts of the body.
Ear Tags A method of identification.
Eggs Per Gram (EPG) Number of parasite eggs found per gram of fecal
material (EPG) of a given animal. To determine if you need a parasite control
program you must first assess the condition of the herd. The most simple, most
practical, lowest cost, and most widely used method to determine a parasite
problem is an EPG (eggs per gram) of feces. The EPG is a laboratory procedure
that measures the number or the concentration of parasite eggs in a fecal sample.
When a cross-section of fecal samples of the herd are analyzed, an EPG
assessment can supply both a general determination of the numbers of
gastrointestinal parasites the individual animals are carrying as well as the potential
for parasite transmission in the herd.
Eimeria Arloingi One of the three pathogens in goats that cause coccidiosis.
Eimeria Christenseni One of the three pathogens in goats that cause coccidiosis.
Eimeria Christenseni is normally found in the small intestines.
Elastrator Castration device that "strangles" the testicles with bands when
utilized.
Elmeria Ninakohlyakimovae One of the three pathogens in goats - intestinal
crypts causing coccidiosis.
Emaciation To become thin to the point of being unhealthy.
Embryo Flushing The process of removing the fertilized eggs from the donor.
Embryo Transfer The process of moving the fertilized eggs from the donor doe
to the recipient doe.
Encephalitis Brain inflammation usually caused by a viral infection.
Ennobled A recognition program to honor the best-of-the-best in the American
Boer Goat Association and the United States Boer Goat Association.
Enteritis Inflammation of the intestines, normally the small intestines.
Enterotoxemia Called overeating disease even though it is not caused by
overeating, the cause of this disease is the toxin produced by the bacterium
Clostridium perfringens type C or type D. These bacteria are normally present in
the soil and intestines. The disease is associated with lush, fast-growing pasture,
feeding grains, or too much milk.
Entertoxemia Type C Type C produces a toxin called 'Beta Toxin' which causes
intestinal necrosis and severe intestinal bleeding.
Entertoxemia Type D The Type D infection is more common than Type C.
Type D produces Epsilon Toxin that causes vascular damage and increases
permeability (the rate at which something passes through a membrane) facilitating
its own absorption.
Entropin A condition where the eyelid turns in.
Epernix Off label for goats. A clear wormer. Recommended dose for goats is
1cc per 22 lbs. administered orally.
Epididymis A coiled tube attached to the back and upper side of the testicle that
stores sperm and is connected to the vas deferens.
Epinephrine Epinephrine injection is used to treat life-threatening allergic
reactions. Epinephrine works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening
the blood vessels. Our vet recommends a dose of 1cc per 100 lbs. administered
slowly.
Eqvalan Off label for goats. Trademarked by Merial, provides effective control
of the following parasites: large strongyles, small strongyles, pinworms, ascarids,
hairworms, large-mouth stomach worms (Habronema muscae); bots, lungworms,
and intestinal threadworms.
Estrogen Any of several steroid hormones, produced mainly in the ovaries, that
stimulate estrus and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
This hormone causes regression of the corpus luteum.
Estrus A period of sexual excitement in many female mammals during which
the animal seeks to mate. Signs of estrus in goats include a swollen vagina; doe
receptive to buck, standing for mating; frequent urination; mounting other does;
tail flagging; and mucous chrysalis is cheesy.
Estrus Cycle A doe will cycle every 17 to 21 days.
ET Donor The doe who gives the fertilized eggs.
ET Receip The doe who carries the embryos from time of transfer to delivery.
External Parasites Parasites such as lice found on the hair and skin or in the
nasal and ear passages. Ticks and lice cause severe blood loss resulting in anemia.
Young and incapacitated animals are the most severely affected. Flies and other
biting insects are a source of irritation.
Extra Label Drug Use Using a drug that is off label for a specific species. If
there are no approved products for a specific disease condition, or if approved
products are deemed ineffective by the veterinarian, the FDA allows Extra-label
Drug Use by veterinarians. FDA rules require the veterinarian have established a
Veterinarian-Client-Patient relationship, be available for follow-up consultation,
and calculate a reasonable withdrawal time to ensure that residue contaminated
meat does not enter the food chain. It is imperative you develop a relationship with
your veterinarian.
F
Fecal Exam The process of analyzing feces.
Fecal Worm Egg Counts Fecal egg counts help the farm manager determine if
an animal has too heavy of a parasite load and needs worming. Count parasite eggs
per gram of feces. This should be done both pre- and post-worming to determine
the effectiveness of the wormer.
Feces The body's excreted solid waste composed of undigested food, bacteria,
water, and bile.
Fecundity The ability to produce offspring.
Fertile Capable of breeding and reproducing; used to describe an egg with the
capacity to grow and develop.
Fertility The quality or condition of being fertile.
Fetus An embryo with all the structural features recognizable.
Fever Abnormally high body temperature.
Finishing Supplementing natural browse and graze with grains prior to
slaughter.
Fish Teats Boer goats tend to have more teats than are necessary, sometimes
having two or more teats per side, or even having clusters of teats, when there are
multi orifices on the same teat and the orifices are separated, this is know as fish
teats. It could be a problem during nursing, if the kid can not get the teat into is
mouth.
Fitting The act of grooming a goat before a show of sale. Fitting consists of
bathing and trimming as goats coat as well as trimming hooves.
Flies External parasites.
Flunixamine Recommended for the alleviation of inflammation and pain
associated with musculoskeletal disorders; the active ingredient is Fluxixin
Meglumine.
Flushing Increasing the amount of feed and general nutritional levels (possibly
by vitamin or mineral injections) a doe is given the month before breeding in an
attempt to increase the number of kids she has. This management technique is said
to improve ovulation rate.
Fluxixin Meglumine A strong, non-narcotic, nonsteroidal, analgesic agent with
anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.
Foot Bath Making goats stand in (or walk through) chemicals used for the
treatment of foot rot and foot scald. Foot baths normally contain zinc or copper
sulfate.
Foot Rot Foot rot, also known as necrotic pododermatitis, is also caused by a
bacteria. University of Missouri researchers believe foot rot is caused by two
bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus, but
staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacterium, or fungus may also cause the
infection. While foot rot is prevalent with wet conditions, it also appears during
times of drought. Foot rot is indicated by swelling, redness of the tissue above the
hoof, and a distinctive odor. Often the walls of the hooves will separate with the
space becoming filled with dirt and grime. The goat will normally have a low-
grade temperature.
Foot Scald - Also known as interdigital dermatitis. This is caused by bacteria and
normally occurs when we have an excessive amount of rain and the goats are
walking around in mud and muck. The indication of foot scald is a white spot on
the skin between the toes; often this area is swollen. Since goats are extremely
sensitive to pain anyway, foot scald can cause lameness, and severely affected
animals refuse to stand. This affects most facets of their lives; they don't want to
eat, and they don't want to breed.
Forage The process of searching for food by wandering around.
Forcing Pen A method of confining animals prior to moving them into
loading/treatment chutes.
Fortified Vitamin B Complex A high protein, injectable water-based multi-
vitamin complex solution used in the relief of vitamin B deficiencies and to
provide supplemental nutritional vitamins. Our vet recommends a dose of 3cc to
5cc depending on the size of the animal. This vitamin tends to increase a goats
appetite.
Free Choice Having feed (grains) available to the animals 24 hours a day.
French Insemination Gun The tool used to deposit the semen at the proper
location. The AI gun is threaded through the cervix to deposit semen in the uterus.
Freshen To kid and begin producing milk.
G
Gambrel Restrainer Advertised as the complete sheep handler that fits in
your pocket. A quick, easy, inexpensive and dependable way to restrain goats.
Gastroenteritis Stomach and intestinal inflammation caused by an infection,
either viral or bacterial.
Gauge Needle Needle size/thickness. The higher the gauge, the thinner the
needle.
Genetics A set of inherited characteristics of an animal and the passing on of
factors such as color which results in similarities between one family member and
another.
Gentamicin An aminoglycoside antibiotic, usually administered by injection,
used for many bacterial infections. This drug is not approved for meat animals. It
can be used, along with equal parts of sterile water and dexamethasone, for the
treatment of pink eye.
Geritol Off label for goats. This human, over-the-counter drug, found in most
grocery stores, is a vitamin and mineral supplement high in iron. It is used to treat
anemia caused by parasites. The recommended dosage is 5cc no more than twice a
day.
Gestation Length of pregnancy. For goats this is 143 to 155 days.
Gestation The process of carrying offspring in the womb during pregnancy; the
period of development of kids.
Goat Ade On label for goats. Manufactured by Carolina Animal Health Lab and
sold by Mr. Furney Register, Goat Ade is a vitamin supplement designed to give
newborns a quick start or boost of energy. It is also useful when the goat is
stressed (possibly from an overload of worms or going to/returning from shows).
The recommended dose is 2cc at birth or 15cc per 50 lbs.
Goblets The containers for the canes.
Gordon's Goat & Sheep Spray A water-based product containing permethrin
insecticide for control of external parasites/flies.
Graft To attach or join; to get one doe to accept the offspring of another as her
own.
Graze To eat grass and other vegetation in fields; using the land for feeding
animals.
H
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) An approach to food safety
anticipating and preventing dangerous situations and/or outcome.
Heart Girth Depth The intensity, strength, and power of the area surrounding
the heart.
Heart Rate (Beats/Min) The heart rate is between 70-95 beats per minute.
Heat Estrus.
Helminths Parasites.
Hocks The lower hind leg joints.
Hoof Trimmers The tool used to trim toenails of goats.
Hookworm A blood-sucking parasite that attaches itself to the intestinal walls.
Hormone A regulating chemical in the body.
Hypocalcaemia (hypocalcemia) Commonly called Milk Fever a misnomer
since one of the symptoms is a low temperature. This is caused by extremely low
levels of calcium in the blood. This disease is more commonly associated with
dairy goats. Within 1 to 3 weeks following kidding, the doe lacks muscle control,
becomes nervous and hyperactive. She quits eating; ears and mouth are cold to the
touch. Symptoms are easily confused with polioencephalomalacia, enterotoxemia,
poisoning, and listeriosis. The head may be turned back to the flank, and the hind
legs are spread wide and outward. The heart is very hard to hear or feel) and beats
quickly and weakly. Death follows bloat, regurgitation of rumen contents and
aspiration.
Hypomagnesaemia (hypomagnesemia) Easily confused with hypocalcaemia,
this ailment is caused by low levels of magnesium in the blood.
Hypothermia Dangerously and abnormally low body temperature.
I
IBGA International Boer Goat Association.
Immunity The body's ability to resist disease either naturally or as a result of
vaccination.
Injection Locations The best site to give a goat a shot is a location where the
medicine will be the most effective without damage to expensive cuts of meat. The
preferred sites for IM injects are the neck and triceps. The best site for a SQ shot is
behind the shoulder (arm pit), between the front legs on the chest floor, and on the
neck. It is advisable not to inject yourself in lieu of the goat. The easiest location to
give a shot is the loin or hind leg areas; never give a meat goat an injection here.
Insemination Sheaths Plastic covers for the AI gun.
Intermediate Host An animal that is the host for an immature parasite which
then moves on to a different body before reproducing.
Internal Parasites Worms located in the lungs, stomach, or intestines of goats.
International Unit (IU) A unit of measurement for drugs and vitamins.
Intestinal Parasites Worms that cause weight loss, poor growth, diarrhea,
anemia, and edema (bottle jaw). Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia
circumcinta are the main problems in goats in our area.. Goats never develop
resistance to internal parasites. Adequate management, to include pasture rotation,
attention to overstocking, and deworming, is critical.
Intramuscular Injection (IM) To administer treatment (fluids/medicines) into
the muscle.
Intranasal (IN) To administer treatment via the nose.
Intravenous (IV) To administer treatment (fluids/medicines) into the veins.
Ivomec Sheep Drench Off label for goats. Manufactured by Merial, this wormer
provides treatment and control of adult and fourth-stage larvae of roundworms and
lungworms, and all larval stages of nasal bots. The label recommendation is to
administer orally at a dose of 3 ml per 26 lbs body weight for sheep. Due to the
high dosage, this is not a cost-effective wormer for goats.
J
Johne's Disease Paratuberculosis, commonly called Johnes disease, is a
bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. It causes
chronic enteritis and wasting. This is a contagious disease, with no good diagnostic
procedure, that is spread through the ingestion of feed and water contaminated with
feces.
K
Keds Bloodsucking ticks (Melophagus ovinus).
Ketones The cause for Ketosis (Pregnancy Toxemia), which can occur in
pregnant does late in their pregnancy. The doe will rapidly metabolize fat from her
body stores producing ketones (a toxic by-product) and the symptoms of the
disease.
Kid Baby goat.
Kidding The act of having babies.
L
LA 200 Off label for goats. One of many brand names for Oxytetracycline an
effective antibiotic.
Lactated Ringers A type of intravenous fluid, often used in trauma situations,
which mimics the chemistry of human blood. These are used to replenish fluids in
a dehydrated goat.
Lactation Period The period/time a does mammary gland is producing milk.
Laminitis (Founder) An inflammation of the sensitive tissue (laminae) lying
below the layer of horn which covers the hoof.
Laparoscope An instrument for viewing inside the body giving the examining
vet a view of the internal organs, especially, in this context, the ovaries.
Laparoscopic Examination of the internal organs using a laparoscope.
Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination A method used to deposit semen directly
into the horn of the fallopian tube.
Legumes Plant that has pods as fruits and roots that bear nodules containing
nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Lethargic Sluggish, tired, lack of energy.
Leucocyte White blood cells.
Lil Kreep'r A free-standing commercially procured creep feeder. This is an
excellent free-choice feeder. A grated-entrance can be restricted to small animals
only, or the feeder can be used for larger animals if the grate is removed.
Linebreeding Breeding animals that are closely related to each other. If
successful traits appear from the breeding it's linebreeding; if undesirable traits
appear from the breeding it's in-breeding.
Linebreeding The deliberate mating of closely related individuals in order to
retain characteristics of a common ancestor.
Liquid Nitrogen Tank Also known as Semen Tank the canister that holds the
liquid nitrogen (coolant which keeps the sperm frozen).
Liver Flukes A parasite that infects the liver.
Livestock Guardian Dog (LGD) A dog that adopts and stays with the herd to
protect them from predators.
Loading Chute Equipment used for putting animals into a truck or trailer.
Lochia The normal vaginal discharge the doe has following kidding ; this dark
blood substance may be present for several weeks.
Lungworms A parasitic nematode worm that inhabits the lungs, sometimes
causing coughs or respiratory distress.
Lutalyse (PGF2A or Prostaglandin) A drug, manufactured by Pfizer, used for
estrus control.
Lymph Nodes Any of numerous oval bodies, distributed throughout the
lymphatic system, that produce and house lymphocytes and filter microorganisms
and other particles from lymph.
M
Maiden Doe A young animal bred for the very first time.
Mange Mange is an infectious skin disease of animals caused by mites, a tiny
eight-legged creature related to spiders and tick, and results in hair loss, scabs, and
itching.
Manure Animal excrement frequently used as fertilizer for soil.
Markings A pattern of marks or identifying marks on the animals coat.
Mastitis An inflammation of the udder caused, normally, by a bacterial infection.
The udder may appear hot, painful and hard. The affected may have a
characteristic change from a normal milk secretion to a watery or yellow secretion.
McMasters Fecal Eggs Per Gram (EPG) Test Using a McMasters slide to
count the number of parasite eggs per gram for a fecal exam.
Meat Withholding The period of time between medicating and slaughter.
Melatonin - A hormone derived from serotonin and secreted by the pineal gland
that produces changes in the skin color and is important in regulating biorhythms.
Metritis The inflamation of the uterus.
Milk Fever Hypocalcaemia. A disorder characterized by abnormally low levels
of calcium in the blood.
Milk Formula There are many commercial milk-replacer formulas on the
market. We use a home-made formula of whole milk, evaporated milk, and butter
milk.
Milliliter (Ml) Unit of volume equip to 1/1000th of a liter.
Minerals While most commercial feeds contain all the vitamins and minerals
goats require, feed can be supplemented by minerals in blocks, tubs, or loose. As a
minimum, a mineral mix should contain vitamins A and D for general animal
health and milk production, iodine to prevent gout, selenium for strong muscles
and to prevent white muscle disease, calcium for bone development, phosphorus
(must be in proportion to the calcium to prevent urinary calculi), iron for anemia,
zinc to improve skin and hair condition.
Modified Live Virus Vaccine (MIV) Modified-live vaccines provide stronger,
longer-lasting, and more rapid protection than killed virus vaccines. They are
normally less expensive but have a potential to become active and cause disease,
especially in a patient with a weakened immune system.
Monensin Medication found to be of value in preventing coccidiosis in goats at
levels that also increase feed efficacy.
Monogastric Animals with single compartmental stomachs; goats are not
monogastric.
Mucous Membranes The moist linings in the body passages containing mucus-
secreting cells.
Multiparous Used to describe an animal that normally gives birth to two or
more offspring at one time or having more than two pregnancies.
Murmur A fluttering sound, usually heard via a stethoscope, originating from
the lungs, heart, or arteries. This may indicate disease or structural problems.
Mycotoxin A poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
N
Nanny A female goat.
Nanny Berries Poop. Feces.
Naxcel Off label for goats. Sterile Powder ceftiofur sodium broad-spectrum,
injectable antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory infections
Necropsy Autopsy. Examining a dead body to determine the cause and
circumstances of death.
Nitrate Poisoning When excessive nitrate accumulations occur due to abnormal
conditions, such as during drought condition and high soil nitrate levels due to high
rates of nitrogen fertilization, following a soaking rain toxic levels of nitrates
accumulate in plants.
Non-Spermicidal Lubricant A friction-reducing substance that will not kill
viable sperm.
Nulliparous Having never given birth to a living kid.
Nutri-Drench According to Bovidr Laboratories, Nutri-Drench is a natural,
high energy source containing high vitamins, minerals, amino acids and glucose.
These nutrients support life and are needed quickly to restore a non-functioning
immune system.
O
Omasum The third part of the stomach of a ruminant between the abomasums
and the reticulum.
Oocyst A stage in the life of coccidia found in manure, the fertilized gamete
(male or female cell with half the normal number of chromosomes that unites with
another cell of the opposite sex in the process of sexual reproduction).of certain
parasitic organisms (sporozoans) that is enclosed in a thick wall.
Oral (OP) By mouth.
Orifices An opening. When used with goats, normally refers to too many
openings in the teats.
OTC (Over the Counter) Drugs that do not require a prescription; they can be
bought anywhere.
Ovary The female reproductive organ that produces eggs (ovum).
Overbite A bad alignment of the teeth in which the upper pad protrude too far
over the lower teeth. Short underjaw.
Oxytocin A hormone that controls lactation and reproductive phases of the goat.
P
Pain An unpleasant physical discomfort often acute discomfort.
Panacur Off label for goats. A brand name for Fenbendazole. Treatment is
necessary for 3 consecutive days. Treatment may require a second course
depending on which parasite is being treated. It is used against roundworms,
hookworms, and is also effective against Giardia and several species of lungworm
and some flukes.
Parasites (Worms) An animal that lives on or in another, usually larger, host
organism in a way that harms or is of no advantage to the host
Parous Females who have given birth at least once.
Parturient Paresis Muscular weakness or partial inability to move caused by
diseases of the nervous system occurring at the time of giving birth.
Parturition Act of giving birth.
Pasteurization Treatment of milk by heating it to destroy harmful bacteria, a
process discovered by Louis Pasteur. Heating milk to 145 degrees Fahrenheit for
30 minutes kills most bacteria. The process of pasteurization not only kills
bacteria, but it also kills destroys nutrients and some essential vitamins.
Pedigree Ancestry chart.
Penicillin G Off label for goats. For use in the treatment of disease organisms
susceptible to penicillin. Long-acting antibiotic indicated for treatment of bacterial
infections.
Pepto Bismol Off label for goats. An over-the-counter human drug
manufactured by Procter & Gamble used to stop diarrhea and settle upset
stomachs. (We use it mixed with Biomycin to stop scours.)
Percentage The mathematical determination of the amount of Boer ancestry in
the animal.
Pinkeye Pinkeye, also known as conjunctivitis, is extremely contagious,
spreading from goat to goat. Our first recommendation is to isolate any goat with
pinkeye immediately! Pinkeye is caused by several organisms and can be
transmitted by flies or dust. A goat with pinkeye will have a cloudy area in the
center of the eye or will appear to have an ulcer on the cornea.
Placenta An organ that develops in the uterus of pregnant mammals to supply
oxygen and nourishment to the fetus through an umbilical cord.
Polioencephalitis/Polioencephalomalacia (Goat Polio) A disturbance of the
central nervous system caused by a thiamin deficiency. Symptoms include star
gazing, and arched back with head thrown back over the shoulder, lack of
appetite, and refusal to drink. Treatment consists of 200 to 500 mg of thiamin
injected intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. There is little chance to
overdose with thiamin since it is water soluble and excess is eliminated by the
kidneys. Dexamethasone may also be administered with the thiamine to reduce
brain swelling.
Post Mortem After death.
Postpartum After birth.
Pregnancy Toxemia (Ketosis) A condition caused by the sudden extra demand
for energy by the fast-growing kids in the last few weeks of pregnancy. In meeting
the nutritional needs of the kids, the doe will metabolize fat resources from her
body to maintain pregnancy. Symptoms are depression, weak, lack of interest in
food, poor muscle control, and poor balance. Many does will show a positive test
for ketone bodies in the urine. Treatment with Magic will often save the live of the
doe and kids.
Prepartum Before birth.
Probios On label for goats. A produce containing microorganisms beneficial to
keep the rumen functioning. Any time we give an antibiotic that kills harmful
bacteria, we administer a dose (5cc to 10cc) of blue stuff Probios Gel to
replenish the good bacteria in the rumen.
Progeny Offspring.
Prolificacy Number of offspring actually produced by a doe. Fruitful.
Prostaglandin (PGF2A) A substance that resembles a hormone/the unsaturated
fatty acid found in all mammals that control smooth muscle contractions, blood
pressure, body temperature, and inflammation.
Protein Complex natural substance with a high molecular weight and a fibrous
structure composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds present in all living
things.
Protein Supplement Adding additional protein, i.e., soybean meal, to regular
diet.
Puberty Boys reach puberty as early as 2 months of age having the ability to
impregnate does. Does enter puberty at 8 months (normally).
Purebred A high percentage Boer. With does the percentage must be 93% or
higher (but less than 100%); with bucks the percentage must be 97% or higher (but
less than 100%).
Purina Lamb/Kid Replacer A milk substitute used with bottle babies.
PVC Trough Poly Vinyl Chloride a hard, plastic sold in hardware and
building supply stores can be cut in half and used for feeding.
Q
Quarantined Isolated in order to prevent spread of disease or contain contagious
or infections diseases.
R
Ration The fixed and limited amount of food given or allocated.
Raw Milk Milk that has not been pasteurized.
Recipient The doe who is receiving the fertilized eggs.
Record Keeping A method devised by each individual to tract all aspects of herd
management. Record keeping enables the farmer to maintain administrative
procedures such as registration, offspring, pedigrees, bloodlines, shows, medical
treatments/ vaccinations, finances, and contacts.
Red Cell A foul-tasting (from the reaction of our goats) beef peptone and liver,
iron, copper, cobalt, vitamins A, B12, D, E, B-complex, used to replace natural red
blood cells lost to anemia. Since this product reportedly does contain animal offal,
we prefer to give our goats Geritol.
Registered Enrolled with a breed association, having the owners name officially
recorded along with a pedigree of the animal.
Registration Number An identification number assigned by the breed
association.
Rehydrate Replacing fluids that have been lost from illness, fever or heat.
Rennet A substance containing the enzyme rennin used to make cheese. It is
from the 4th stomach and coagulates milk.
Reproduction Management Hormones can be used to manipulate estrus
synchronization in the doe so as many does as possible come into estrus when you
want them to. External progesterone sources such as an implant or CIDR can be
used to interrupt the doe's cycle. When the progesterone is removed, most does will
come into heat within 24 hours.
Reproductive Health The causes of poor reproduction in the goat herd often go
unrecognized and unresolved, but can markedly reduce productivity. In order to
detect reduced fertility and a corresponding low conception rate, a breeding
soundness evaluation should be performed on herd sires prior to the breeding
season. Semen quality and quantity should be analyzed by a trained technician.
Respiratory Rate (Breaths/Min) The respiration in adults is 15-30 breaths per
minute and in kids 20-40 breaths per minute.
Reticulum The second (of four) stomachs in ruminants.
Revaccination To vaccinate again.
Rigor Mortis The stiffening of the body occurring after death. This is cause by
the coagulation of protein in the muscles.
Ringworm A fungal disease of the skin, scalp, or nails in which intensely itchy
patches develop. Also known as hot spots.
Rotational Grazing Moving the animals from one field to another to prevent
overgrazing and to reduce infestation of parasites.
Roughage Fiber.
Rumen The first stomach of a ruminant. This is the part of the stomach where
microorganisms bread down plant cellulose before the food is returned to the
mouth as cud for additional chewing.
Rumen Contractions A healthy goat has rumen contractions (motility) from 1-4
times per minute.
Rumensin The trademarked name for Monensin which enables goats to obtain
more energy from feed and improves feed efficiency in high energy feedlot rations
and modulates feed intake.
Ruminant A cud-chewing, hoofed mammal whose stomach has multiple
chambers and who has an even number of toes.
Rumination Regurgitating partially digested food to chew it again.
S
Salmonella A bacteria found in the intestines known to cause gastroenteritis,
food poisoning, and typhoid fever.
Scours A medical term for diarrhea.
Scrapie Usually a fatal disease affecting the nervous system of sheep and goats.
It is marked by intense itching and the loss of muscular control.
Scrotal Circumference Parameters Sperm production is year round with Boer
bucks. The best forecaster of sperm production is testicular weight, and the best
predictor of testicular weight in goat bucks is scrotal circumference. A special tape
for measuring scrotal circumference gives a relatively accurate estimation of the
buck's ability to produce semen. The scrotal circumference (at the widest point)
should be measured, since this correlates with fertility and semen production. As a
general rule, Boer bucks should measure 26 to 29 cm at 100 pounds. (Dairy bucks
should measure 25 to 28 cm at 100 pounds.)
Selenium A nonmetallic chemical element that occurs in several forms. Most of
the US is selenium deficient. A baby goat selenium deficient cannot stand; this is
knows as "white muscle disease."
Semen A thick white fluid containing sperm.
Semen Evaluation Testing the semen for viability.
Semen Tank Also known as a Liquid Nitrogen Tank the canister designed to
hold the coolant which keeps the sperm frozen.
Semen Thawing Thermos An insulated tool with built-in thermometer for
cooling
Serving Capacity Libido or sex drive. Bucks must be disease free, in good
condition, and possess enough libido to pursue, mount, and service the doe herd.
Normally the buck-to-doe ration should be between 1:25 to 1:50.
Shipping Fever Respiratory disease usually accompanying movement of goats
over long distances.
Side Effects Expected or unexpected occurrences following medications.
Silage Fodder made by storing green plant material where it is preserved by
partial fermentation
Sire The male parent.
Skin Tent When giving a shot SQ, pull up skin behind the front knee making a
tent.
SMZ Tablets An antibacterial medicine to treat infections of the urinary tract,
respiratory tract, small intestine, wounds, and coccidiosis.
Sore Feet A condition caused by incorrect hoof trimming, foot scald, laminitis,
or foot rot.
Soremouth Soremouth, also called orf or contagious ecthyma, is a highly
contagious virus of the Pox family. Symptoms, transmission, and treatment in
goats is similar to symptoms, transmission, and treatment of chickenpox in human
children. Young animals are the most susceptible to developing lesions around the
lips, eyelids, nose, etc.; but adult does tend to have more violent outbreaks on their
udder, teats, and feet. This disease is easily spread to people when they come in
contact with infected goats with the infection normally centered on the hands or
face.
South African Boer A breed of goats, characterized by a red head and white
body, originating in South Africa.
Speculum An orifice opening instrument used in gynecological exams for
spreading the vaginal walls.
Spermatozoan (Sperm) The male reproductive cell with an oval head with a
nucleus, a short neck, and a tail by which it moves to find and fertilize an ovum.
Stanchion An upright frame in which the neck of the goat is confined for
milking or AI.
Sterile Saline Solution A pure (free from living bacteria, solution of sodium
chloride (salt) and distilled water.
Stethoscope A medical instrument used for listening to breathing, heartbeats,
and other sounds made by the body.
Stomach Worms Blood-sucking parasites. Common stomach worms found in
goats are the large stomach worm (Haemonchus contortus), the medium stomach
worm (Ostertagia circumcincta or O. trifurcata), and the small stomach worm
(Trichostrongylus axei). In Tennessee Haemonchus is the most prevalent.
Straw Cutter A small device designed to snip the end off the straws before
putting the straw into the AI gun.
Straw Tweezers Long tweezers used to remove the frozen straws from the
goblets inside the liquid nitrogen tank
Straws The packaging system for storing semen is either 5 ml or 0.5 ml plastic
straws. Semen is diluted to the desired concentration and the straws are filled and
labeled as part of the collecting process.
Stress - Something that causes mental or emotional strain.
Subcutaneously (SQ) Giving a shot under the skin.
Superovulation Production of a large number of eggs at one time.
Swelling of Joints A common symptom of CAE. An increase in size of the joint
typically caused by injury, infection, or disease.
Synchronization Getting does to come into estrus (cycle) at the same time. This
is a very important management technique when doing an embryo transfer or if
you need to program does to use as teases at a buck collection.
Systemic Disease Physiology affecting the whole body as distinct from having a
local effect.
T
Tapeworms A flatworm with a long ribbon-shaped segmented body that exists
in many varieties and lives mainly as a parasite in the gut of vertebrate animals
Tattoos Markings on the skin (for goats either in the ears or on the tail web)
providing identification.
TDN The total digestible nutrients in feed. This is one of four methods of
determining the amount of energy in feed.
Teats The body part of the doe through which milk is excreted for the
nourishment of kids.
Temperature Body heat. The normal temperature of a goat is 102-104 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Tetanus An infectious disease contacted through an open sore or wound. The
disease causes severe muscle spasms, especially around the neck and jaw.
Tetanus Antitoxin A treatment for tetanus that takes effect almost immediately
after the injection and only stays in the system for up to 10 days.
Tetanus Toxoid A highly purified and concentrated vaccine to provide the
strongest possible protection against tetanus.
Tetracycline An antibiotic made from chlortetracydine.
TGPA Tennessee Goat Producers Association.
Thiamin Vitamin B1. A thiamin deficiency can cause goat polio
(Polioencephalitis, Polioencephalomalacia, PEM). Thiamin is a prescription drug
but can be found in lesser strength in Vitamin B Complex (Fortified Vitamin B
Complex has an even greater thiamin strength.) Thiamin enhances circulation,
helps with blood formation, and helps with the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Trace Minerals (TM) Those required in small amounts.
Transcervical Artificial Insemination Penetrating the rings of the cervix to
deposit semen thus establishing pregnancy.
TSC Tractor Supply Company.
Tylosin Off label for goats. A broad spectrum antibiotic with good anti-bacterial
activity against most pathogenic organism such as gram positive bacterium, some
gram negative bacterium and is the drug of choice against infections caused by
mycoplasma.
U
Under Bite A bad alignment of the teeth in which the lower front teeth protrude
too far over the upper pad. Long underjaw.
Urinary Calculi A stone in the urinary track extremely painful for a buck. The
condition is caused by the phosphate crystals collecting in the bladder and passing
into the narrow penis/the urethra, causing obstruction and blockage to urine flow.
USBGA US Boer Goat Association.
Uterus A part of the female reproductive tract where the embryo is nourished
and develops before birth.
V
Vaccinations An inoculation with a vaccine to produce immunity. Protect
against disease by introducing a serum, antigen, or weakened form of the disease
into the body to create immunity.
Vaccines Medicine contained weakened or dead microbes that cause a particular
disease. This inoculation is administered to stimulate the immune system to
produce antibodies against the disease.
Vaginal Prolapse The vagina protrudes during late pregnancy. This is a genetic
problem, and does who have vaginal prolapses should be culled as well as their
female offspring.
Valbazen Off label for goats. This is a broad spectrum anthelmintic effective in
the removal and control of the following internal parasites: liver flukes, heads and
segments of tapeworms, stomach worms, brown stomach worms, barberpole
worms, small stomach worms, intestinal worms, thread-neck intestinal and small
intestinal worms, hookworms, and lungworms. Do not use if the doe is pregnant;
this drug is associated with abortions and/or birth defects if used within the first 60
days of gestation. With cattle and sheep there is a 27 day slaughter withdrawal.
Vetwrap A self adhesive support bandage.
Vitamin B See Thiamin.
W
Wean To begin feeding a young kid food other than its mother's milk; to remove
from the mother at weaning age.
Weaning Age The age does quit allowing their offspring to nurse; the age the
owner separates the offspring from the mother. (We recommend weaning bucks at
3 months when they are capable of breeding their dam.)
Weaning Weight What the animal weighs when separated from its mother.
Website An important marketing tool.
Wether A male goat who was castrated before becoming sexually mature;
unable to breed.
White Muscle Disease Selenium deficiency causes damage to muscle tissue and
gives muscles a whitish appearance. Both skeletal muscles (legs and back) and
non-skeletal muscles (heart) may be affected with newborns having difficulty
walking and/or nursing. Another symptom is respiratory distress.
Whole Corn Shelled, not crushed, corn kernels is classified as a grain and as dry
matter.
Withdrawal Time The amount of time one must wait after giving a drug to an
animal before that animal can be slaughtered for meat/human consumption.
Working Dog A dog kept in order to herd, guard, or guide.
Worms Parasites. An infestation of parasites affecting the intestines or others
parts of the body.
X
Y
Yearlings Goats between one and two years of age.
Z
Zoonosis A disease goats (vertebrate animals) pass to other animals (humans).
Zygote A fertilized ovum (egg).