3GPP TSG-RAN Working Group 4 (Radio) meeting #43bis R4-070969

Orlando, USA, 25
th
29
th
June, 2007
Agenda Item: 7.3
Source: Ericsson
Title: Home Node B output power
Document for: Discussion

1 Introduction
The radio requirements for Home Node B (HNB) are currently being specified within 3GPP RAN WG4.
One of the issues is the maximum output power of the HNB.
This paper discusses the issue about HNB output power and the trade-off between HNB downlink
coverage and the downlink interference towards co-existing mobiles, which are not allowed to connect to
the HNB.
The assumed scenario is described in Figure 1. No specific geographical locations, in terms of (x,y,z)
coordinates, within the macro cell are studied, but the impact of macro cell is taken into account with the
help of two parameters: macro cell RSSI and P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
at the location of the home cell, but with
zero HNB output power.
vUE
hUE
Macro RSSI
Best P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
Home NB
coverage
area
Macro cell
dead zone

Figure 1. Assumed scenario.
The results shown in this paper are not based on specific system simulations, but are obtained with the use
of well-known WCDMA equations.

2 Downlink coverage of Home NodeB
In this paper the HNB downlink coverage is defined as the P-CPICH coverage under the influence of an
overlaying macro P-CPICH. Three different definitions are assumed: cell border, home cell
dominance and quality. In case of cell border the HNB coverage area is assumed to reach to the point
where the received HNB P-CPICH is equally strong than the strongest macro cell P-CPICH operating on
the same carrier frequency as the HNB. In case of home cell dominance, the received HNB P-CPICH is
required to be at least 4 dB stronger than the strongest co-channel macro P-CPICH. Finally, in case of
quality, the HNB P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
is required to be at least -16 dB when the serving HNB is transmitting
on the maximum power.
Assuming a certain (constant) macro RSSI and P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
at the location of the home cell (e.g. inside
the apartment), but with zero HNB output power, the RSCP of the macro cell P-CPICH can be calculated
as
CPICH macro best
c
macro CPICH macro best
N
E
RSSI RSCP
_ _
0
_ _
+ = . (1)
Furthermore, assuming that 10% of the maximum HNB output power P
max
is allocated to P-CPICH, the
maximum allowed path losses for the cell border and home cell dominance, L
cb
and L
hcd
, respectively,
can be calculated as
10
_ _
=
CPICH macro best max cb
RSCP P L (2)
14
_ _
=
CPICH macro best max hcd
RSCP P L . (3)
As an example, the resulting curves for macro P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
equal to -8 dB are shown in Figure 2 and
Figure 3. When mapping the path loss values into corresponding distances, the indoor propagation loss
model from [1] has been assumed, together with a shadow fading margin equal to 5 dB (M
sh
= 5).
Furthermore, the sum of antenna gains is assumed to be equal to 0 dBi. Hence, for the cell border:
30
37
10

=
sh cb
M L
cb
d (4)
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
d
B
]
Ec/No = -8 dB


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
Ec/No = -8 dB


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm

Figure 2. Downlink coverage of Home NodeB (cell border), assuming macro P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
= -8 dB.
The different curves correspond to different values of P
max
.
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
d
B
]
Ec/No = -8 dB


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
Ec/No = -8 dB


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm

Figure 3. Downlink coverage of Home NodeB (home cell dominance), assuming macro P-CPICH E
c
/N
0

= -8 dB. The different curves correspond to different values of P
max
.
For the HNB P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
, let us for simplicity assume that there are no other co-channel HNBs in the
neighborhood, and hence I
inter_HNB
~ 0. Now, the HNB P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
can be calculated as
|
.
|

\
|
+

~
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ +

=
UE
UE macro
q max
max
UE
UE macro
inter_HNB q max
max
HNB
c
N
ACIR
N RSSI
L P
P
N
ACIR
N RSSI
I L P
P
N
E
1 . 0
1 . 0
0
(5)
Solving (5) for path loss L
q
gives
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+

= 1
1 . 0
log 10
0
10
HNB
c
UE
UE macro
max
q
N
E
N
ACIR
N RSSI
P
L . (6)
The curves for L
q
are shown in Figure 4. There, it has been assumed that HNB is re-using one of the
macro frequencies (ACIR = 0 dB).
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
d
B
]


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
50
100
150
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

R
a
n
g
e

[
m
]


0 dBm
5 dBm
10 dBm
15 dBm
20 dBm

Figure 4. Downlink coverage of Home NodeB (quality), assuming that HNB P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
= -16 dB
is required. The different curves correspond to different values of P
max
.


3 Downlink interference towards uncoordinated UE
The downlink coverage of the uncoordinated UE is defined by looking at the average E
c
/N
0
of the best
macro P-CPICH, taking the interference from HNBs into account. Here, a strict access control is assumed,
denying the uncoordinated UE to access the HNB. Assuming interference from a total of H HNBs, the
E
c
/N
0
can be calculated as

+
=
H
h h h
max,h h
macro
CPICH macro best
macro
c
ACIR L
P a
RSSI
RSCP
N
E
1
_ _
0
, (7)
where it has been assumed that the average transmission power of HNB h is equal to a
h
P
max,h
. If only one
interfering HNB is considered, the coupling loss between the uncoordinated UE and the HNB can be
solved as
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
macro
macro
c
CPICH macro best
max
h
RSSI
N
E
RSCP
ACIR
P a
L
0
_ _
10
log 10 . (8)
Assuming that the average E
c
/N
0
should be at least -16 dB and that a = 0.3, the curves in Figure 5 (P
max
=
10 dBm) and Figure 6 (P
max
= 20 dBm) can be obtained. The solid lines represent the situation for the
uncoordinated co-channel mobiles (ACIR = 0 dB) while the dashed lines represent the situation for the
uncoordinated adjacent channel mobiles (ACIR = 33 dB). The different colors represent different macro
P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
values without the HNB.

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Macro RSSI [dBm]
D
e
a
d

Z
o
n
e

[
d
B
]
HNB max power 10 dBm. HNB power usage 30%


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
10
20
30
40
50
Macro RSSI [dBm]
D
e
a
d

Z
o
n
e

[
m
]
HNB max power 10 dBm. HNB power usage 30%


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB

Figure 5. Size of macro cell dead zone with HNB P
max
= 10 dBm.

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Macro RSSI [dBm]
D
e
a
d

Z
o
n
e

[
d
B
]
HNB max power 20 dBm. HNB power usage 30%


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Macro RSSI [dBm]
D
e
a
d

Z
o
n
e

[
m
]
HNB max power 20 dBm. HNB power usage 30%


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB

Figure 6. Size of macro cell dead zone with HNB P
max
= 20 dBm.

4 Coverage vs interference tradeoff
Assuming access control, the downlink dead zone for uncoordinated co-channel mobiles cannot be
avoided with any reasonable P
max
settings. However, the dead zone for any uncoordinated adjacent
channel mobiles should be kept at minimum in order to secure as good macro cell coverage as possible
within the location of the home cell. Furthermore, any unnecessary interference towards neighboring
apartments and close-by outdoor areas should be avoided also. This can be done for example by adjusting
the P
max
based on the estimated macro cell interference. The downside is that by limiting the P
max
, also the
home cell coverage is reduced. This tradeoff is further discussed in this chapter.
Assuming that L
h
is limited to 40 dB (ACIR = 33 dB) and that P
max
20 dBm, the maximum allowed P
max

levels are shown in Figure 7. Again, the different colors represent different macro P-CPICH E
c
/N
0
values
without the HNB.
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Macro RSSI [dBm]
M
a
x
i
m
u
m

H
N
B

p
o
w
e
r

[
d
B
m
]
Allowed size of dead zone = 40 dB


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB

Figure 7. Maximum allowed HNB P
max
so that the macro cell dead zone for adjacent channel mobiles does
not exceed 40 dB.

Given the P
max
in Figure 7, the corresponding HNB downlink coverage can be obtained following the
methodology described in chapter 2. The results are shown in Figure 8 and 9. The maximum range for 1
Mbps data rate is calculated assuming a required geometry of -2 dB, a channel with 90% orthogonality
and that 80% of the HNB power is allocated to HS-DSCH and HS-SCCH.
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
5
10
15
20
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

r
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
Dominance. Allowed size of dead zone = 40 dB


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
5
10
15
20
25
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

r
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
Border. Allowed size of dead zone = 40 dB


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB

Figure 8. Size of HNB coverage area (dominance and cell border).

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
10
20
30
40
50
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

r
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
Coverage. Allowed size of dead zone = 40 dB


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Macro RSSI [dBm]
H
N
B

r
a
n
g
e

[
m
]
1 Mbps. Allowed size of dead zone = 40 dB


-6 dB
-8 dB
-11 dB

Figure 9. Size of HNB coverage area (quality and 1 Mbps).
As the results in Figure 8 and Figure 9 suggest, the size of the obtained HNB downlink coverage area is
acceptable, unless the HNB is placed very close to the macro site, with RSSI
macro
levels equal to -45 dBm
or even more. However, it is very likely that only a marginal part of the indoor areas will in reality
experience such high levels of RSSI
macro
.
5 Conclusions
This paper has discussed the topic of maximum Home NodeB output power. As shown, it is difficult or
even impossible to find a single P
max
value that would be suitable for all thinkable HNB deployment
scenarios under an overlaying macro cell. Selecting a P
max
will always be a trade-off between the size of
the HNB coverage area and the size of the macro cell dead zone.
At locations close to a co-channel macro site, a large P
max
is required to obtain a sufficient HNB coverage
area. Fortunately, the close-by (e.g. neighboring) co-channel mobiles and the visiting adjacent channel
mobiles (belonging to the same operator) will in most of the cases be close to their serving base station,
and can therefore tolerate the interference caused by the high P
max
. The situation is the opposite, when the
HNB is located far away from the macro site. Due to the low level of co-channel macro interference, even
a low P
max
is enough to provide the sufficient HNB coverage. At the same time, the visiting or close-by
mobiles will not be able to tolerate too much additional downlink interference, which also suggests the use
of a low P
max
.
This paper has considered the performance of a HNB with P
max
20 dBm. As the results suggest, the size
of the obtained coverage area is acceptable, unless the HNB is placed very close to the macro site, with
RSSI
macro
levels equal to -45 dBm or even more. However, it is very likely that only a marginal part of the
indoor areas will in reality experience such high levels of RSSI
macro
.
6 References
[1] 3GPP TR 25.951, FDD Base Station (BS) classification, v6.3.0.