SPECIE INFECTIVE STAGE DIAGNOSTIC STAGE MODE OF

TRANSMISSION
LOCATION OF
PARASITE
DISEASE LOCOMOTOR
ORGAN
SARCODINA
Entamoeba histolytica Cyst
10-20um
1 or 2 nuclei
Trophozoites
12-60um
1 nuclei
Ingestion of fecal-oral
transmission of infective
cyst
large intestine,
liver, spleen
amebiasis pseudopods
Entamoeba coli Cyst
10-35um
16 or more nuclei
Trophozoites
15-50um
1 nuclei
Ingestion of fecal-oral
transmission of infective
cyst
large intestine pseudopods
Endolimax nana Cyst
5-10um
4 nuclei
Trophozoites
6-12um
1 nuclei
Ingestion of fecal-oral
transmission of infective
cyst
large intestine pseudopods
Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst
5-20um
Trophozoites
8-20um
Ingestion of fecal-oral
transmission of infective
cyst
large intestine pseudopods
Blastocytis hominis Cyst
Round
Trophozoites
Ingestion of fecal-oral
transmission of infective
cyst
large intestine pseudopods

MASTIGOPHORA
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
6-10 um
Lemon shaped
1nuclei
Trophozoites
Pear shaped
6-24um
1 nuclei
Ingestion of fecal-
oral transmission of
infective cyst
Intestinal tract flagella
Trichomonas flagella
a. Trichomonas
vaginalis
Trophozoites
15- 20um 1 nucleus
Trophozoites Sexual transmission Genitourinary
system
Trichomoniasis

flagella
b. Trichomonas
tenax
No cyst

TrophozoitesPear-
shaped
5-12um
by droplet spray from
the mouth,
kissing
Mouth,
intestine
flagella
c. Trichomonas
hominis
No cyst Trophozoites though ingestion of
contaminated food
and water
flagella
Giardia Lamblia

Cyst
8-19 um
4 nuclei
Trophozoites
Pear-shaped
10-20um , 2-4 nuclei
Through food and
water contaminated
by flies
Upper small
intestine
old man spectacles
Giardiasis, Lambliasis

flagella
Dientamoeba fragilis No cyst

Trophozoites
5-15um
1 nuclei
fecal-oral
transmission of
infective cyst
Large intestine flagella
SPECIE SIZE INFECTIVE STAGE DIAGNOSTIC
STAGE
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
LOCATION OF
PARASITE
DISEASE LOCOMOTOR
ORGAN
TELOSPOREA
Plasmodium
a. Plasmodium
falciparum

sporozoites Macro and micro
gametocytes
Via bite of
infected
anopheline
mosquito
Blood

malignant tertian
malaria

b. Plasmodium ovale sporozoites trophozoites Via bite of
infected
anopheline
mosquito
Blood benign tertian
malaria

c. Plamodium vivax

sporozoites trophozoites Via bite of
infected
anopheline
mosquito
Blood Quartan Malaria
d. Plasmodium
Malariae

Sporozoites trophozoites Via bite of
infected
anopheline
mosquito
Blood malaria
e. Plasmodium
knowlesi
sporozoites gametocytes Via bite of
infected
anopheline
mosquito
Blood malaria
Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Cyst All organs , eyes Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosoma

amastigote
Trypomastigote or
trypanosome form
trypanosomiasis flagella
a. Trypanosoma
cruzi

Metacyclic
trypomastigote
Metacyclic
trypomastigote
Ingestion of
feces of
triatomid bug
muscle American
Trypanosomiasis
flagella
b. Trypanosoma
brucei gambiense

Metacyclic
trypomastigote
trypomastigote Via bite of
infected
TSETSE FLY
Blood, lymp
nodes, CNS
African sleeping
sickness
(West African
Trypanosomiasis)
flagella
c. Trypanosoma
brucei rhodesiense

Metacyclic
trypomastigote
trypomastigote Via bite of
infected
TSETSE FLY
African sleeping
sickness
(East African
Trypanosomiasis)
flagella






Leismania
a. Leismania
Donovani
metacyclic
promastigotes
amastigote Via bite of
infected
SANDFLIES
Skin
Liver, spleen,
WBC,bone
marrow

visceral
leishmaniasis,
kala- azar,
dumdum fever
flagella
b. Leishmania
tropica

metacyclic
promastigotes
amastigote Via bite of
infected
SANDFLIES
Skin
WBC
Cutaneous
leishmaniasis, old
world
flagella
c. Leishmania
Braziliensis

metacyclic
promastigotes
amastigote Via bite of
infected
SANDFLIES
Skin, mucous
membrane
WBC
Mucocutaneous
leishmaniasis,
New World
Cutaneous
flagella
d. Leishmania
mexicana
metacyclic
promastigotes
amastigote Via bite of
infected
SANDFLIES
Skin
WBC
American
leishmaniasis
flagella
CILITEA INFECTIVE STAGE DIAGNOSTIC STAGE MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
LOCATION OF
PARASITE
DISEASE LOCOMOTOR
ORGAN
Balantidium coli

Cyst
Spherical or oval
50-70 um
1 large macronucleus
Trophozoites
-Ovoid shape with
tapering end
- 40-50um
- 1 nuclei
- 1 kidney shape
macronucleus
- 1 round micronucleus
fecal-oral
transmission of
infective cyst
Intestinal tract Balantidiasis

Cilia