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This document discusses orifice sizing for passive relief of air. It provides definitions of choked flow and non-choked flow conditions through an orifice. Choked flow occurs when the upstream to downstream pressure ratio reaches 1.89, limiting the mass flow rate. Non-choked flow has a lower pressure ratio, with the mass flow rate below the choked limit. The document also contains input parameters and output calculations for sizing a passive relief orifice to vent 900 gallons of air per year.
This document discusses orifice sizing for passive relief of air. It provides definitions of choked flow and non-choked flow conditions through an orifice. Choked flow occurs when the upstream to downstream pressure ratio reaches 1.89, limiting the mass flow rate. Non-choked flow has a lower pressure ratio, with the mass flow rate below the choked limit. The document also contains input parameters and output calculations for sizing a passive relief orifice to vent 900 gallons of air per year.
This document discusses orifice sizing for passive relief of air. It provides definitions of choked flow and non-choked flow conditions through an orifice. Choked flow occurs when the upstream to downstream pressure ratio reaches 1.89, limiting the mass flow rate. Non-choked flow has a lower pressure ratio, with the mass flow rate below the choked limit. The document also contains input parameters and output calculations for sizing a passive relief orifice to vent 900 gallons of air per year.
Amount of air relieved @ STP with selected orifice size, Gallons per year
Amount of air relieved @ STP with selected orifice size, SCFM
Amount of air relieved @ expansion tank pressure@100% R.H, CFM Output Choked flow? (1) Non-choked flow? (2) Minimum area of orifice, Sq. m. Minimum diameter of orifice, m. Amount of air relieved @ STP with selected orifice size, GPM 1) Choked flow occurs when the ratio of the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice to absolute pressure downstream of the orifice is 1.89 or greater, or in other words, when the Mach number of the gas flowing through the orifice is equal to 1. The "choked flow" condition is the physical limit, that is, if the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice is kept constant, any change in the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice will not increase the mass flow rate through the selected orifice Notes: 2) Non-choked flow occurs when the ratio of the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice to absolute pressure downstream of the orifice is less than 1.89. In this case, the mass flow rate through the orifice is not limited, that is, mass flow rate is below the choked flow conditions; which is the physical limit. Reference: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/mflchk.html Passive Relief Orifice Sizing Input Volume of air that needs to be relieved @ STP, Gallons per year Pressure on the expansion tank, Psia Atmospheric pressure, Psia Temperature of air in expansion tank, Deg. F Selected orifice size, mm = 900.00 = 25.00 = 15.00 = 90.00 = 0.85 = No = Yes = 4.87E-10 = 23.89 = 1.34E+06 = 2.55 = 0.34 = 0.07
Output 1) Choked flow occurs when the ratio of the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice to absolute pressure downstream of the orifice is 1.89 or greater, or in other words, when the Mach number of the gas flowing through the orifice is equal to 1. The "choked flow" condition is the physical limit, that is, if the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice is kept constant, any change in the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice will not increase the mass flow rate through the selected orifice Notes: 2) Non-choked flow occurs when the ratio of the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice to absolute pressure downstream of the orifice is less than 1.89. In this case, the mass flow rate through the orifice is not limited, that is, mass flow rate is below the choked flow conditions; which is the physical limit. Reference: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/mflchk.html Passive Relief Orifice Sizing Input