Fecha: Sector de arendi!a"e: Ciencias Naturales Nivel: #$ B%sico &ontenidos: El universo Sistema solar Punta"e ideal: '' Ptos( Punta"e obtenido: INS)RU&&I*NES: 1. Usa lpiz grafito para contestar. 2. Lee atentamente cada pregunta y ennegrece la alternativa correcta. I( &omrensi+n lectora, - tos. Cuando miras la luz de las estrellas y galaias ests viendo su pasado. !lgunas estn tan remotas" #ue su luz $a tardado miles de millones de a%os en llegar a la &ierra. Las vemos tal como eran en su 'uventud. (uede #ue ya no eistan. &an solo vemos su luz via'ar por el espacio. Cuando $a)lamos de tama%o y de distancias en !stronom*a" nos referimos a magnitudes de tal dimensi+n #ue las unidades de medida #ue utilizamos $a)itualmente no nos sirven y de)emos emplear otras #ue solo tienen sentido en el m)ito del Universo. La unidad )sica de distancia ,longitud- usada en !stronom*a es el !./ LU0 ,a.l.-" #ue es la distancia recorrida por la luz en un a%o. &eniendo en cuenta #ue la luz en el vac*o se mueve a 122.222 3m4s" deducimos #ue un a%o luz e#uivale a 5"6 )illones de 3il+metros. Si navegramos en una nave espacial #ue via'ase a la velocidad de la luz ,cosa imposi)le en la actualidad-" llegar*amos a la Luna en menos de 1 s. !l Sol tardar*amos 7 minutos y medio. 8espu9s de ms de 6 $oras a)andonar*amos el Sistema Solar. &ardar*amos : a%os y : meses en llegar a (r+ima Centauri" la estrella ms pr+ima al Sol. Si salimos en direcci+n al )razo de (erseo" tardar*amos a;n ms de 22.222 a%os en a)andonar la <*a Lctea. &endr*amos #ue esperar ms de 2 millones de a%os para llegar a la =cercana> galaia de !ndr+meda &ontesta: /(0 En la actualidad 1ue observamos de las estrellas: !. como son en la actualidad ?. como eran en su 'uventud C. como sern en su ve'ez 8. solo ? y C '( 23u4 es el 5A6o lu!:78 !. es la distancia entre la tierra y sol ?. es la distancia entre la tierra y la luz C. la distancia recorrida por la luz en un a%o 8 la distancia recorrida por el sol en un a%o luz 9( Si nave:%ramos en una nave esacial a la velocidad de la lu!; !. llegar*amos muy rpido a ms de 1 seg. ?. ser*a casi posi)le llegar rpido a la luna C. llegar*amos a muc$os lados 8. llegar*amos a la luna en 1 min. -( La estrella m%s r+<ima al Sol es: !. (erseo ?. !ndr+meda C. Centauri 8. Ninguna de las !nteriores II( SELE&&I=N >?L)IPLE: ,/ unto c@ resuesta. 1 /( La teorAa del Bi: Ban: se inici+ como : !. El colapso de un tomo" en una zona infinitamente pe#ue%a del Universo ?. La destrucci+n de una supernova" producto de un campo gravitacional intenso C. ! un diminuto cuerpos sometidos a altas temperaturas 8. ! #ue la composici+n de la materia cam)i+ el tiempo y el espacio '( La )eorAa Beoc4ntrica; ubica al Sol en: !. !l centro del sistema planetario. ?. !l final del sistema planetario de manera fi'a C. La +r)ita del sistema planetaria 8. Ninguna de las !nteriores 9( Las estrellas; cambian de color se:Cn al incremento de: !. La presi+n ?. La temperatura C. La cercan*a al Sol 8. El volumen -( Se:Cn la clasiDicaci+n de los lanetas cuales ertenecen a los lanetas internos o Rocosos: !. @ercurio" <enus" A;piter y Saturno ?. @ercurio" <enus" @artes y A;piter C. @ercurio" <enus" &ierra y @arte 8. @ercurio" <enus" &ierra y Saturno E( El sol tiene un movimiento sobre su e"e 1ue dura 'E dAas; movimiento es: !. Botaci+n ?. &raslaci+n C. (erspectiva 8. Solo a y ? F( La AstronomAa es la ciencia 1ue estudia el universo y se relaciona con: !. El origen y evoluci+n del universo ?. Los eventos #ue suceden en el C. Los fen+menos y los materiales #ue lo componen. 8. !lternativas ! y C #( Entendemos como UNIGERS*: !. Con'unto formado por todo el espacio y la energ*a #ue eiste ?. Con'unto formado por todo el espacio y la materia #ue eiste C. Con'unto formado por todo el espacio" la materia y la energ*a #ue eiste 8. Con'unto astros" planetas" y galaias H( Se:Cn la ima:en corresonde a: !. Calaia espiral ?. Calaia el*ptica C. Calaia @ita 8. !steroide I( Nuestro Sistema Solar se encuentra en la :ala<ia llamada : !. <*a Universal ?. <*a Lactosa C. <*a Lctea 8. <*a solar /J( Denominamos estrella a : !. @asas de plasma" compuestas principalmente por $idr+geno y $elio 2 ?. Cigantescas agrupaciones de polvo interestelar y gas C. !grupaciones de agu'eros negros en forma de gusanos cuatridimensionales 8. Cuerpos celestes #ue no emiten luz propia //( La teorAa Beoc4ntrica roone 1ue : !. La &ierra" gira alrededor del sol ?. Due la &ierra es el centro del sistema planetario C. Due la &ierra" gira en c*rculos conc9ntricos 8. Due es el sol" el centro del sistema planetario /'( La teorAa Kelioc4ntrica ; Due ostulada or : !. &ales de @ileto ?. !naimandro C. Nicols Cop9rnico 8. Cr$ristian Euygens III(0 Anota deba"o de cada ima:en a 1ue con 1ue conceto estudiado se relaciona ,F ts. Asteroides Saturno )eorAa :eoc4ntrica &ometas *bservatorios Rotaci+n Bi: Ban: )eorAa helioc4ntrica
IG(0 Se6ala las caracterAsticas :enerales de las si:uientes im%:enes ,-ts. Bala<ia LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL 3 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL El SolLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL G(0E<lica y Dundamenta ,- ts(. A. 23u4 imortancia tiene el desarrollo de la tecnolo:Aa en la comrensi+n del universo8 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL B. 23u4 diDerencia hay entre el modelo :eoc4ntrico y el helioc4ntrico8 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL &. 2Por 1u4 llamamos estrellas Du:aces a los meteoritos8 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL D. Dentro de una :ala<ia 2&+mo es la distribuci+n de las estrellas se:Cn su edad8 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL 4