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This document summarizes a study on the nutritional status and academic performance of primary pupils with hearing impairment at Southcom Elementary School SPED class in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The study aimed to determine if there is a correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index data from school records. Academic performance was assessed using DepEd Form 138, which contains progress in various learning areas over three grading periods. The study found that the pupils' nutritional status was normal but their academic performance was poor. No significant relationship was found between nutritional status and academic performance.
Исходное описание:
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PRIMARY PUPILS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT
This document summarizes a study on the nutritional status and academic performance of primary pupils with hearing impairment at Southcom Elementary School SPED class in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The study aimed to determine if there is a correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index data from school records. Academic performance was assessed using DepEd Form 138, which contains progress in various learning areas over three grading periods. The study found that the pupils' nutritional status was normal but their academic performance was poor. No significant relationship was found between nutritional status and academic performance.
This document summarizes a study on the nutritional status and academic performance of primary pupils with hearing impairment at Southcom Elementary School SPED class in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The study aimed to determine if there is a correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index data from school records. Academic performance was assessed using DepEd Form 138, which contains progress in various learning areas over three grading periods. The study found that the pupils' nutritional status was normal but their academic performance was poor. No significant relationship was found between nutritional status and academic performance.
Presented to the Faculty of the graduate school College of Education Western Mindanao State University Zamboanga City
In Partial Fulfillment Of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Education (Special Education)
By:
RHEA PILAR F. COLLADO February, 2011
Submitted To: Mrs. Narhuda H. Unga,RND,MaEd Submitted By: Delfie Von A. Raganas BSND 3-A
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PRIMARY PUPILS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT By RHEA PILAR F. COLLADO February 12, 2011
NOLAN S. IGLESIA. Ed. D. Adviser
ABSTRACT
Malnutrition has been identified as a major problem in the Philippines Despite the many achievements reported in demographic characteristics, such as the drastic reduction in fertility rates, maternity and infant mortality levels, and improvement in educational attainment particularly of woman, malnutrition continues to be a serious health concern. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status and academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED class for school year 2010- 2011. The DepEd form 138, an official record of the pupils and the result of their nutritional status based on their body mass index were the main sources of data for this study. The findings revealed that the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment is normal. The study also revealed that the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment is poor. Age, sex, number of siblings, ethnicity, religion, parents ` income and mother`s educational attainment were also considered in determining the significant differences of the respondents `nutritional status and academic performance. The results disclosed that there is no significant relationship between nutritional status and academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elem, Sch. SPED class for Sch. Yr. 2010-2011.The hypothesis which states that there is no significant pupils with hearing impairment was accepted.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study Malnutrition has been identified as a major problem in the Philippines. Despite the many achievements reported in demographic characteristics, such as the drastic reduction in fertility rates, maternity and infant mortality levels, and improvement in educational attainment particularly of women malnutrition continues to be serious health concern. According to the findings of the Income and Expenditure survey conducted in 2002, nearly one fourth (23.9%) of the households fall into the category of poor households: in terms of adequacy in energy intake, which provides sample evidence to the insufficient food intake in many households.
The nutritional status of an individual largely depends on the quality and quantity of food available in the market, purchasing power of the household, which would determine the accessibility of food and the distribution of food within the household.
Although food intake influence the nutritional status of an individual to a great extent, it is not the only critical factor responsible for malnutrition in the case of children under five years of age. Living standard, water sanitation, birth weight, birth interval , sex of child, weaning practices and mother education, are a few of the important factors which have been identified from research studies. However, dietary inadequacy is certainly the basic case of malnutrition among school-aged children and many of the above-identified factors directly or indirectly contribute to the incidence of malnutrition.
The issue if nutritional status among school children is of primordial concern since this influences school performance. Research evidence showed that nutritional status is directly related to the academic performance of the students. It has been shown that poor health nutrition can affect student`s attendance rates in school which can also lead to affect on their ability to learn, (Grantham-McGregor & Olney, 2006). There have been several other cross- sectional studies that have revealed the relationships between poor nutritional status, including stunting, low weight-for-height ratios, anemia, and iodine deficiency and late enrollment, poor cognitions, classroom behavioral issues, poor school achievement, and increased drop-out rates in school; (Grantham- McGregor & Olney, 2006). As you can imagine, not only does nutrition directly affect a student achievement, but it can also lead in other factors that can intensify the struggle to achieve success academically. There are many foods that have been found to generate a link between nutrition and academic performance. Research on this regard, has not yet been explored to students with special needs. The researcher believes that a study along this line has to be considered since many children with special needs are in school and deserve special attention from teachers and significant others, hence, this study
Statement of the Problem This study conducted to determine the correlation between the nutritional status and academic performance of primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED class, Zamboanga City for school year 2010- 2011
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions 1. What is the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class? 2. What is the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class? 3. Is there a significant difference in the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class when data are grouped according to:
a. Age; b. Sex; c. Number of siblings; d. Ethnicity e. Religion f. Parents` income g. Mother`s educational attainment? 4. Is there a significant difference in the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class when data are grouped according to: a. Age; b. Sex; c. Number of siblings; d. Ethnicity e. Religion f. Parents `income; g. Mother`s educational attainment? 5. Is there a significant correlation between nutritional status and academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class? Significant of the Study The results of the study will be beneficial to the following The study can provide school administrators with the idea of conducting feeding program among the pupils with hearing impairments. The study can provide parents with ideas on the present nutritional status of the pupils with hearing impairment and its relation to the academic performance in the classroom. The result of the study will help teachers adopt measures in improving the nutritional status of the pupils with hearing impairment by closely collaborating with their parents especially on food preparation. The study can provide researchers who work along this field that will make them better understand their researches. In the same manner, this can lend support to some of the findings of their studies Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study was limited to the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment and their academic performance covering from first to third grading period for the year 2010-2011 of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class, Baliwasan District, Zamboanga City. Considering the number of enrollees in Special Education particularly for children with hearing impairment, there were only 16 respondents available since the respondents are primary pupils. The nutritional status of the subjects was based on the official school records of their body mass index. The academic performance of the subjects was based on the DepEd Form 138, which records their progress in the different learning areas from first to third grading of school year 2010-2011.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents a review of related studies and literature that has something to do with the research. The ideas presented in the studies formed an essential part of this manuscript toward formulating theories, concepts, findings and conclusions.
Review of Related Literature and Studies A. Related Literature In today`s society, many children are still not getting adequate diet or proper nutrition. Many students today are severely malnourished, whether they are underfed or significantly overweight. An adequate diet or lack thereof, can greatly affect behavior, how they perform in school, on tests, and their overall academic success. Over time, many people, including both parents and educators, have looked at the link between students diet and overall school performance, (Taras, 2005), and research has shown that nutrition is in fact, important for students to achieve successfully. Nutrition is important for cognitive and brain development, therefore, making healthy food choices becomes vital to a student`s academic performance. Nutrients provide the energy needed to complete simple and complex tasks. Even a moderate lack of nutrients can have lasting effects on children`s cognitive development and school performance. It shows that there is a strong link between good nutrition and academic performance. Not surprisingly, when kids` basic nutritional needs are met; they perform better academically than those with poor nutrition, based on the 1994 Nutrition- Cognition Imitative (Center on Hunger, Poverty and Nutrition) Academic performance was significantly correlated with breast feeding, income and educational level of their parents, Body Mass Index, and whether they have been taking breakfast. Improving the socio economic status of the parents will lend a helping hand in the academic performance of the students (Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2003) B. Related Studies It has often been stated that malnutrition-one of the most serious social problems-is also one of the greatest factor for poor academic performance. Ribeiro(1991,1993), in his studies, pointed out that about 50% of the children enrolled in the first grades of the elementary school failed all over the country. The studies of that time try to show that the poor academic performance of the lower classes children resulted from deficiencies in their biopsychosocial development. Known in the educational environments as cultural deprivation or cultural scarcity theories, the studies searched for the reasons of the poor academic performance in the children themselves and in their precarious life and eating conditions.
Theoretical Framework This study was anchored on David Satcher (2005) theory. According to him well-nourished children tend to be better students, compared to poorly nourished students, who tend to display a lower academic performance and receive lower scores on standardized test. He said that children who do not have a healthy diet or proper nutrition during the brains most formative years have a lower vocabulary, poorer reading comprehension skills, poor mathematical skills, and less knowledge in general. If a student is not present for class, it is impossible for them to keep up with their tasks and they can get further and further behind the rest of the class. According to him 6-to-11 year-old children from food- insufficient families had significantly lower arithmetic scores and were more likely to repeat a grade Schools have the unique opportunityeven the responsibility- to teach and model healthful eating and physical activity, both in theory and in practice Improving children`s health likely improves school performance, and it may even help a school`s bottom line. Therefore, schools have a vested interest in improving the nutrition and increasing the physical activity of their students.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
FIGURE 1. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of this study. It presents variables, which are considered important in determining the correlation between the nutritional status and the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class during the school year 2010-2011.The independent variable is the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment. The dependent variable is the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment. The moderator variables are the age, sex, number of siblings, ethnicity, religion, parents `income and mother`s educational attainment of the primary pupils with hearing impairment.
Nutritional Status
Academic Performance of Pupils with Hearing Impairment a. Age b. Sex c. Number of siblings d. Ethnicity e. Religion f. Parents `income g. Mother`s`Educational Attainment
Hypotheses Statement This study hypothesis that 1. There is no significant difference in the nutritional status of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class when data are grouped according to:
a. Age; b. Sex; c. Number of siblings; d. Ethnicity e. Religion f. Parents` income g. Mother`s educational attainment 2. There is no significant difference in the academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class when data are grouped according to: a. Age; b. Sex; c. Number of siblings; d. Ethnicity e. Religion f. Parents `income; g. Mother`s educational attainment 3. There is no significant correlation between nutritional status and academic performance of the primary pupils with hearing impairment of Southcom Elementary School SPED Class Definition of Variables/Other Terms The following terms have been defined operationally to ensure clarity and better understanding of the data in the study Independent Variable Nutritional status. Is based on height and weight (Wasted, Severely Wasted, Normal, Obese, and Overweight) using the body mass index (BMI) classification, where mild, moderate, and severe were considered undernourished. Wasted. Refers to the nutritional status of the child equal or below 70% of the ideal weight for actual length. Severely Wasted. Refers to the nutritional status of the child equal or below 50% of the ideal weight for actual length. Normal. Refers to the nutritional status of child equal or more than 90% of the ideal weight for actual length. Obese. Refers to having a body weight more than 20% greater than recommended for a relevant height. Overweight. Refers to having more body weight than is considered healthy for a person`s height, build or age. Dependent Variable Academic Performance. Refers to the general average grades from first to third grading period of the primary pupils with hearing impairment. The rating scale used in the academic performance is as follows O- 95-100 VG- 89-94 G- 83-88 F- 76-82 P- 70-75 Moderator Variables Age. Is referred to as the biological age of the pupils. In this study, the age was categorized as 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15. Sex. Is referred to the gender of the pupil classified as male and female Number of Siblings. The number of brothers and sisters who share at least parent. In this study, number of siblings was categorized as 1-3, 4-6 & 7-8
Ethnicity. The quality of belonging to an ethnic group, In this study, ethnicity was categorized as Visayan, Tausog, and Zamboangueno Religion. Is a fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a group of people, In this study, religion was categorized as Roman Catholic and Islam. Parents` Income. Refers to the total income the parents received during the month. In this study, parents` income was categorized as 5 thousand below and 5 thousand above Mother`s Educational Attainment. Refers to the highest degree of education that a mother has completed. In this study, mother`s educational attainment categorized as elementary, high school and college levels Children with Hearing Impairment. Those who are deaf or hard of hearing . The deaf persons are those whose hearing is non-functional for ordinary purposes in life. The hard-of-hearing has a sense of hearing which although defective is functional with or without a hearing aid Body Mass Index. An index that expresses weight in relation to height. Is calculated as weight in kilogram divided by height in meters squared, or 704.5 times weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared. A body mass index of less than 25 it considered normal, and one of over 30 implies obesity. DepEd Form 138. The report card that shows the academic performance and progress in the form of grades of a pupil in all his or her subjects.
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