Group VII (AS)

Halogens = Salt Makers

Physical Properties

F2
Cl2
Br2
I2

Atomic radii
Ionic radii
Vdws
m.p & b.p

Electronegativity

I.E.

Electron affinity

Bond length
Bond strength

Bond enthalpies
Solubility

Reactivity

State (RTP)

Colour

Electronic configuration:

Displacement reactions

Cl :

Cl2 ( )

Br2 ( )

Br :

53

I :

I2 ( g )
I2 ( aq)

Definition
Electronegativity:...........................................................
......................................................................................
1stI.E:..............................................................................
.......................................................................................
1st Electron affinity:.......................................................
.......................................................................................
Bond enthalpy:.............................................................
.....................................................................................

* = Hydrogen bond

Cl2 + H2O
0
Cl2 + NaOH
0

Reactivity
Thermal
stability
Acidic
strength

FCl-

b.p.*

BrI-

Test for Halide ions with AgNO3(aq) :

Ion
-

Ppt

Formula

dil.
NH3(aq)

conc.
NH3(aq)

Cl

Br
12

Oxidising ability of
halogens
Explanation:
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................

(species is simultaneously oxidised and reduced)

KI

Halide salts + Conc. H2SO4 :

NaCl + H2SO4 ...............................
Depends on how easily the halide
ions is oxidised (reducing ability)

Disproportionation reactions

KBr

Iodine

Halogen + Hydrogen
X2(g) + H2(g) 2HX(g)
Polar bonds
H F*

H
Cl

H
Br

H
I

I2

Chlorine
Bromine

Read textbook page ______________

13
and make notes in point form.

KCl
Manufacture of Bromine
Uses of chlorine

Br2

Cl2

Redox
OIL:............................................
RIG:............................................
OXIDANT:...................................
REDUCTANT:................................

35

I2 ( s )

F2

Cl2(g) + KBr(aq)

17

F2 ( )

Chemical Properties

NaBr + H2SO4 ...............................

Reducing ability of
...........................................................
halide ions
Explanation:
.............................................
.............................................NaI + H2SO4 .................................
.............................................
........................................................................................................
.............................................
...........................................................
.............................................
........................................................................................................
.............................................
8
11
........

10

Syasana Faye Abdullah KYUEM 2011

This mind map focuses on:

(i) physical properties and
(ii) chemical reactions.
For (iii) uses of Group VII elements, students are encouraged to do their own research.

Suggestion on how to use this mind map

The order of use is indicated by the NUMBERED CIRCLES (make it easier for students to follow). This can be changed to suit your style of teaching.
Use arrows to indicate increase or decrease in trends (all trends are down the group as indicated by the huge black arrow next to the elements or ions).
e.g.
Atomic radius
Reactivity
Everything in RED relates to chemical properties.

Suggested activities that can be used with this mind map

Show the states and discuss the colours of chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Opportunity to discuss uses
Demonstrate sublimation and recrystallisation of iodine.
Demonstrate displacement reaction.
Demonstrate test for halide ions.
Discuss thermal stability of hydrogen halides using suitable data (the ones below might be useful).

BOILING POINTS OF HYDRIDES

BOILING POINT / C

100

H2O
The higher than expected boiling
points of NH3, H2O and HF are due to
intermolecular HYDROGEN BONDING
HF

0
50

100

140

Mr

NH3

GROUP IV
GROUP V
GROUP VI
GROUP VII

Source: www.Chemguide.co.uk

-160

Source: Unknown (with sincere apology!)

Just an observation: Students appreciate Large A3 size coloured printout of this mind map!