Literature Review:

Cell phone is the most popular technological product nowadays. It is used by almost people off all ages.
It seems to be very useful. In fact, for every plus, there is minus. In my opinion, although cell phone
shows us many advantages, it also brings us some disadvantages. For one thing, cell phone really makes
our life easier because of the following reasons. First, it is very convenient. It helps us contact with
people at anywhere over the world in a fastest way. People use it to connect with others such as
coworkers, friends of family members for doing business; ask for news or sharing information. Second,
cell phone is the most multifunction tool nowadays. It is not only a cell phone but also a calculator, a
MP3 player, a handheld computer because people can use it to call to other, calculate, listen to music,
arrange the schedule, surf on the Internet, check email,and so on. The advantages of cell phone are
showed by an increasing of people using cell phone day by day. However, all of us know that something
can broadcast electro-magnetic wave really has some bad influence to our health, including cell phone.
Many researches show that people using cell phone frequently have more risk to get ears and fingers
diseases. In addition, electro-magnetic wave from cell phone can cause more diseases like epilepsy,
childless male and especially brain cancer. A worrying fact is that a large number of people using cell
phone are not considering the bad effects from cell phones. They use it every day and every time. The
right way using cell phone and its effects are needed to popularize to people. In conclusion, although
cell phone makes our life easier, it also affects our health badly. However, it is very hard for us to not
use cell phone. We have to consider the advantages and disadvantages of cell phone. Therefore, we can
use it in a right way to protect ourselves. There is nothing too bad, just the way we use it make it worse.

Hypothesis Development:
To consistent with study I have developed some questionnaires. The questionnaires are as
follows:
H1: The most effective form of communication.
H2: Keeps connected with friends and family wherever you go.
H3: You can listen to music, text, play games when you're bored.
H4: People use the phone while they are driving, and this can cause problems.
H5: Its causes for ear cancer thing if you talk on it for a long time.

H Hy yp po ot th he es si is s T Te es st ti in ng g: :
Table: Summary of the Responses of sample.
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
a= strongly disagree 45 36 39 50 54
b= Disagree 80 46 48 58 60
c= neither agree nor disagree 48 55 58 75 41
d= Agree 32 38 35 61 37
e= Strongly Agree 25 42 43 65 36
Total 602 655 664 960 625
Average (

) 2.617 3.018 2.977 3.106 2.74

Standard Deviation (S) 1.25 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.18
Z-TEST VALUE 1.42 5.65 5.24 7.833 3.073

01. H: The most effective form of communication.
H: The most effective form of communication.
Step 1
List of scale H1
1= Agree x 45 45
2 = Strongly Agree x 80 160
3 = Average Agree x 48 144
4 = Disagree x 32 128
5 = Strongly Disagree x 25 125
Total 230 602
Sample size, n = 230
Total = 602
Step 2
Average:

Samplesize
Total
=
230
602
= 2.617
Step 3
StandardDeviation:
SD = 45*(1-2.617)
2
+ 80*(2-2.617)
2
+ 48*(3-2.617)
2
+ 32*(4-2.617)
2
+ 25*(5-2.617)
2

= 117.66 + 30.455 + 7.041 + 61.206 + 141.967
= 358.329
Step 4
Add the number divided by the sample size
230
329 . 358
= 1.558
Then ( ) root over the value 558 . 1 = 1.25
Step 5
Calculation of Z value =
n
x

) (

=
230
25 . 1
) 50 . 2 617 . 2 (

=
08242 . 0
117 . 0

= 1.42
At the level of 5% significance, Z tab = 1.42
Here, Z cal = 1.42 < Z tab = 1.645
Since, Z cal < Z tab, the null hypothesis is accepted.
02. H: Keeps connected with friends and family wherever you go.
H: Keeps connected with friends and family wherever you go.
Step 1
List of scale H2
1= Agree x 36 36
2 = Strongly Agree x 46 92
3 = Average Agree x 55 165
4 = Disagree x 38 152
5 = Strongly Disagree x 42 210
Total 217 655
Sample size, n = 217
Total = 655
Step 2
Average:

Samplesize
Total
=
217
655
= 3.018
Step 3
StandardDeviation:
SD = 36*(1-3.018)
2
+ 46*(2-3.018)
2
+ 55*(3-3.018)
2
+ 38*(4-3.018)
2
+ 42*(5-3.018)
2

= 146.60 + 47.67 + 0.0178 + 36.64 + 164.99
= 395.9174
Step 4
Add the number divided by the sample size
217
9174 . 395
= 1.82
Then ( ) root over the value 82 . 1 = 1.35
Step 5
Calculation of Z value =
n
x

) (

=
217
35 . 1
) 50 . 2 018 . 3 (

=
09164 . 0
518 . 0

= 5.65
At the level of 5% significance, Z tab = 1.645
Here, Z cal = 5.65 > Z tab = 1.645
Since, Z cal > Z tab, the null hypothesis is not accepted.
03. H: You can listen to music, text, play games when you're bored.
H: You can listen to music, text, play games when you're bored.
Step 1
List of scale H3
1= Agree x 39 39
2 = Strongly Agree x 48 96
3 = Average Agree x 58 174
4 = Disagree x 35 140
5 = Strongly Disagree x 43 210
Total 223 664
Sample size, n = 223
Total = 664
Step 2
Average:

Samplesize
Total
=
223
664
= 2.977
Step 3
StandardDeviation:
SD = 39*(1-2.977)
2
+ 48*(2-2.977)
2
+ 58*(3-2.977)
2
+ 35*(4-2.977)
2
+ 43*(5-2.977)
2

= 152.43 + 45.82 + 0.030682 + 36.63 + 175.98
= 410.88994
Step 4
Add the number divided by the sample size
223
88994 . 410
= 1.84
Then ( ) root over the value 84 . 1 = 1.36
Step 5
Calculation of Z value =
n
x

) (

=
223
36 . 1
) 50 . 2 977 . 2 (

=
09107 . 0
477 . 0

= 5.24
At the level of 5% significance, Z tab = 1.645
Here, Z cal = 5.24 > Z tab = 1.645
Since, Z cal > Z tab, the null hypothesis is not accepted.
04. H: People use the phone while they are driving, and this can cause problems.
H: People use the phone while they are driving, and this can cause problems.
Step 1
List of scale H4
1= Agree x 50 50
2 = Strongly Agree x 58 116
3 = Average Agree x 75 225
4 = Disagree x 61 244
5 = Strongly Disagree x 65 325
Total 309 960
Sample size, n = 309
Total = 960
Step 2
Average:

Samplesize
Total
=
309
960
= 3.106
Step 3
StandardDeviation:
SD = 50*(1-3.106)
2
+ 58*(2-3.106)
2
+ 75*(3-3.106)
2
+ 61*(4-3.106)
2
+ 65*(5-3.106)
2

= 221.76 +70.947 + 0.8427 + 48.753 + 223.170
= 575.47
Step 4
Add the number divided by the sample size
309
47 . 575
= 1.862
Then ( ) root over the value 862 . 1 = 1.36
Step 5
Calculation of Z value =
n
x

) (

=
309
36 . 1
) 50 . 2 106 . 3 (

=
07736 . 0
606 . 0

= 7.833
At the level of 5% significance, Z tab = 1.645
Here, Z cal = 7.833 > Z tab = 1.645
Since, Z cal > Z tab, the null hypothesis is not accepted.

05.H: Its causes for ear cancer thing if you talk on it for a long time.
H: Its causes for ear cancer thing if you talk on it for a long time.


Step 1
List of scale H5
1= Agree x 54 54
2 = Strongly Agree x 60 120
3 = Average Agree x 41 123
4 = Disagree x 37 148
5 = Strongly Disagree x 36 180
Total 228 625
Sample size, n = 228
Total = 625

Step 2
Average:

Samplesize
Total
=
228
625
= 2.74

Step 3
StandardDeviation:
SD = 54*(1-2.74)
2
+ 60*(2-2.74)
2
+ 41*(3-2.74)
2
+ 37*(4-2.74)
2
+ 36*(5-2.74)
2

= 163.49 + 32.86 + 2.7716 + 58.74 + 119.88
= 319

Step 4
Add the number divided by the sample size
228
319
= 1.40
Then ( ) root over the value 40 . 1 = 1.18
Step 5
Calculation of Z value =
n
x

) (

=
228
18 . 1
) 50 . 2 2.74 (

=
0781 . 0
24 . 0

= 3.073
At the level of 5% significance, Z tab = 1.645
Here, Z cal = 3.073 > Z tab = 1.645
Since, Z cal > Z tab, the null hypothesis is not accepted.