Hypo

1
IUBAT: International University of Business Agriculture of Technology

Report
On
Social Changes because of Cell Phone

BUS 301: Business Research

Prepared for:
Kazi Khaled Shams Chisty
Faculty
College of Business Administration (CBA)

Prepared by:
Frozen
Group Members:
Name ID# Program Section
Mariam Amin Ruba 12102108 BBA A
Khadiza Akter 12102076 BBA A
Rehana Sultana 12102075 BBA A
Jannatul Ferdous 12102068 BBA A
BBA A

Date of Submission: 24
th
July 2014
2

Social changes drawn by cell phone

3

TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
no.
Content Page number
Report formal part Title fly
Table of content
i
ii

01:
Introduction
Part
Introduction
1. Objectives
1.1. Broad objective
1.2. Specific objective
Methodology
1.1Population size
1.2Sample frame
1.3Time frame
1.4Analysis of data
Scope of the study
Limitations of the Study
Literature review
4

6

7

8

8
8-10
02:
Analysis
Part
Hypothesis development

Hypothesis testing
12

12-17

03:
Ending
Conclusion
Recommendation
Reference
19
20
21
04:
Appendix
Questionnaire 23-24

4

Introduction part

5

Introduction
Innovations in society inevitably change us either for good or bad. In the last 20 years, cell
phones have become an increasingly important tool utilized every day. Some people might find it
hard to believe that there was once a time when cell phones werent around. Having to recall a
time when letters were used to get messages back and forth from one person to another. Then
slowly we added the addition of phones.
Telephones were one of the most innovative items of the previous century and have
revolutionized the way people interact. In the beginning phones were just a way to contact
people if they happened to be home when called. Then we invented cell phones. With them we
can make and receive calls in almost any location and we can send text messages. There are
several negative impacts to society among them being death and injury due to accidents while
driving and talking or texting on the phone.
We notice that people are starting to text their friends and family instead if actually speaking
verbally. Many adolescents and also older generations spend more time sending text messages or
chatting on Facebook than speaking. We feel that human communicant is slowly disappearing
among friends and family. We even see parents texting their kids when in the same house to
discuss something with them. Our communication between each other is depending on a little
electronic device. Students use cell phones when the class is going on. People walk across the
street texting their friends instead of paying attention to the cars.

6

Objectives
The main objective of this paper is to find out the changes that are made by using cell phone in
the society. After successful compilation we have to submit a report and after that we will do the
presentation as well.
Broad Objective:
1. To find out the effects of using cell phone on pro-social behavior.
2. To get the general idea about impact of using cell phone.
3. To develop the paper writing skill.
4. To understand the problems and barriers that people are facing.
5. To accumulate practical work experience.

Specific objective:

The objective of the paper seek to provide empirical evidence of the influences on mobile phone
adoption as well as positive and negative effects of mobile phone technology on everyday life.

1. To know the positive and negative side of cell phone.
2. To find out the changes which happen periodically.
3. To point out the social changes.
4. To find out the positive and negative impact of mobile phone on society and social
relationships
5. To make awareness among the people about the danger cause because of cell phone.

7

Methodology
The study uses both primary data and secondary data. The report is divided into two parts. One
part is the theoretical part and the other part is the practical part. The data of this study has been
collected through questionnaire interview. The information for the theoretical part of the report
was collected from secondary sources like published reports and internet.
The aim was to explore how the mobile phone is integrated into daily lives and routines, what
role the mobile phone plays in terms of personal identity and perceived purpose of
communication. Website that we have continually returned to during our research has been
mobileactive.org. This site brings together grassroots activists, and variety of topics regarding
mobile phones. The site includes research papers and discussions on various projects and papers
it also provided me with information on mobile phone projects for social change that have been
carried out successfully in the region, and tips on organizations.

Population Size
The population size of the research is based on the students (Male and Female) of IUBAT, of
Uttara.

Sample frame
The sample frame of this study has been considered of the household and students of the IUBAT,
of Uttara. A total of 31 respondents have been conducted. The cluster probability sampling,
Stratified sampling and convenience sampling approach has been selected for this study. The
Likert scale questionnaire has been selected. The population has been defined by convenience
sampling who are the responsible of this area.

Time frame
8

For collection of primary data was conducted in july 18, 2014-August 08, 2014.
Analysis of data
For analysis of data Ms Word, Ms Excel has been used. Parametric and non- parametric
statistical tools will be used to derive a meaningful conclusion from the empirical data. In
addition, basic statistical techniques of different measures of central tendency have been used in
analyzing the data.
Scope of the study
This paper will deal to identify the changes drawn by cell phone and the positive and negative
thing happen because of this. This paper will focus on the performance of cell phone in society.
Limitation of the study
In spite of related peoples willingness I could not avail the full concentration as I supposed to
have. Frequent disruption of electricity and power cuts created problems for data compilation,
analysis and paper writing. On the way of my study, I have faced the following problems that
may be termed as the limitations/shortcoming of the study. The main limitations encountered in
producing this report are:
At the time of preparing my report I tried to gather every details of process but the major
limitation is lack of adequate information.
Due to lack of experience, there may have been faults in the report.
Literature review

Mobile phone has come to assume a significance importance in societies with various age using
mobiles in their own way to suit their individual needs. As more and more students worldwide
acquire and use mobile phones so they are immersing themselves in test messaging. The rapid
development of mobile telecommunication as communication tool since 1990s has made mobile
phone to influence the way people communicate and live. In addition, it has influenced peoples
9

life in a wide scope predicated to change the society in an even larger and deeper way more than
its intended use as communication tool... (Saylor, 2012).

The mobile phone is a relatively new technological tool, versatile and accessible, and very
attractive, especially for young people, but whose use involves a risk of abuse and addictive
behavior. In recent years there has been increasing interest in this problem, especially in view of
the fact that it involves an increasingly younger population. The aim of this paper is to review the
current state of scientific knowledge about cell phone addiction/abuseUsing predictors from
addiction literature, the study sought to predict problematic mobile phone usage. It keyed in on
factors they believed to cause mobile phone disorders. 195 subjects of both genders and an
average age of 36 (ranging from 18-85 years old) were interviewed. The results lead to the
creation of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. This scale was compared to the Addiction
Potential Scale. Fundamentals that were used to compare the scales and create the Mobile Phone
Problem Use Scale were the amount of time one uses their cell phone and the type of usage. ( A
study by Adriana Bianchi and Dr. James G. Phillips, Ph.D 2005)

Age was a key factor in predicting problematic cell phone use. That is why other psychologists
have begun to perform studies focusing on adolescents. Hyun Young Koo and Hyun Sook Park
(2010) study of adolescents, in which 548 students were asked to, fill out a questionnaire
regarding their cell phone use. The results of the questionnaires were that just under 89%
believed they were average cell phone users, while 8.4% believed they were heavy users and
only 2.9% percent believed they were addicted to their cell phone. This study found that gender,
texting, monthly charges, impulsiveness, recreational reasons and cultural reasons were all
influential to cell phone addiction. (Koo and Parks 2010)

Palen and Hughes (2007) refers to the installation of communication technologies at home such
as infrastructure, physical, or technical designs. It also incorporates the family member needs of
10

technology and many solutions available to meet these needs. (Personal and ubiquitous
computing).

According to Lim and Tan (2004), the cell phone and computers or the internet differs than fixed
line phone and television that they are two way interactive devices. in contrast, older devices are
straightforward and less complex. (Australian journal of communication)

Sawhey and Gomes (2000) explain the importance of communication in the designs of smart
homes that incorporate technologies within its structure. However, these do not meet the
cognitive demands and critical social relationships for such communities. (Preliminary
ethnographic study.)

According to Alnashry (2009), social change can be dividing into two categories based on its
manner. The first manner is the sudden change that happens rapidly and hardly monitored, it
occurs in developed industrial societies. (Social science magazine)

Abdulbari (2009) explains that new communication technologies are agents of change that have
social, economic, cultural, educational and political dimensions. He mentions that a change starts
on the individual level and grows in a social format producing social change. Social change is a
transformation in peoples value, customs, beliefs, traditions and their clothing, eating and way
of living.(Abdul Bari.M.(2009)

11

Analysis part

12

Hypothesis Development

To consistent with study I have developed some questionnaires. The questionnaires are as
follows:
H1: Mobile phone helps us with improving relationship.
H2: Mobile phone adoption is associated with enhancing communication.
H3: Mobile phone help us to strong our social ties.
H4: Mobile phone sometime enhances crime.
H5: Mobile phone adoption is associated with health related problems.
Hypothesis Testing
Table: Summary of the Responses of sample.
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
1=Unimportant 06 03 04 07 06
2=Somewhat important 05 05 05 05 04
3=Important 09 06 08 09 05
4=Very important 07 09 07 03 08
5=Extremely important 04 10 07 07 08
Total 91 108 97 91 101
Average 2.93 3.48 3.12 2.93 3.25
Standard Deviation 1.29 1.34 1.32 1.43 1.45
Z-test value 1.87 4.08 2.69 1.72 2.88
Sources: Questionnaire survey

01. H
0
: Mobile phone helps us with improving relationship.
H
A:
Mobile phone does not help us with improving relationship.
13

I want to test the null hypothesis
H
O:
= 2.5
H
A:
2.5
n = 31
Since the sample size n > 30 so, I may use Z - test.
Here
= 2.93
S = 1.29
Z
cal
= (
)/ (/n) = 1.87
At 5% level of significance, follows Z distribution Z
0.05
=1.645
Since Z
cal >
Z
tab
, the null hypothesis is

rejected or not accepted. So at 5% level of significance, it can be
said that Mobile phone helps us with improving relationship.

Fig-1: Respondents view towards improving relationships.
From this study it is revealed that 32% respondents are unimportant ,23% respondents are
somewhat important ,17% respondents are important ,15% respondents are very important,
another 13% respondents are extremely important on Relative advantage of cell phone positively
somewhat
important
16.12%
important
29.03%
very important
22.58%
Extremely
important
12.90%
Unimportant
19.35%
H1
14

influences the customer. So, most of the respondents identified that mobile phone adoption
intensity is positively associated with improving relationship.
02. Ho: Mobile phone adoption is associated with enhancing communication.
HA: Mobile phone adoption is not associated with enhancing communication.
H
O:
= 2.5
H
A:
2.5
n = 31
Since the sample size n > 30 so, I may use Z - test.
Here
= 3.48
S = 1.34
Z
cal
= (
)/ (/n) = 4.08
0.05
=1.645
Since Z
cal >
Z
tab

said that Mobile phone adoption is associated with enhancing communication.

Fig-2: Respondents view towards enhancing communication.
unimportant
9%
somewhat
important
15%
important
18%
very important
27%
extremely
important
31%
H2
15

From this study it is revealed that 17% respondents think unimportant, 25% respondents are
somewhat important, 20% respondents are very important, 14% respondents are extremely
important. So, most of the respondents identified that mobile phone adoption intensity is
positively associated with enhancing communication.
03. H0: Mobile phone help us to strong our social ties.
HA: Mobile phone does not help us to strong our social ties.
H
O:
= 2.5
H
A:
2.5
n = 31
Since the sample size n >30 so, I may use Z - test.
Here
= 3.12
S = 1.43
Z
cal
= (
)/ (/n) = 1.72
0.05
=1.645
Since Z
cal >
Z
tab

said that Mobile phone help us to strong our social ties.

Stomewhat
important
22
important
18%
very important
24%
extremely
important
21%
unimportant
15%
H3
16

Fig-3: Respondents view towards social tie.

somewhat important ,24% respondents are neither important nor unimportant ,18% respondents
are very important, another 22% respondents are extremely important. So, most of the
respondents are neither important nor unimportant that mobile phone adoption intensity is
positively associated with improving social ties.

04. Ho: Mobile phone sometime enhances crime.
HA: Mobile phone does not enhance crime.
H
O:
= 2.5
H
A:
2.5
n = 31
Here
= 2.93
S = 1.43
Z
cal
= (
)/ (/n) = 1.72
0.05
=1.645
Since Z
cal >
Z
tab

said that Mobile phone sometime enhances crime.
17

Fig-4: Respondents view towards enhancing crime.

From this study it is revealed that 34% respondents are unimportant, 25% respondents are
somewhat important, 20% respondents are important, 12% respondents are very important,
another 9% respondents are extremely important. So, most of the respondents identified that
mobile phone adoption intensity is negatively associated with enhancing crime.
05. Ho: Mobile phone adoption is associated with health related problems.
HA: Mobile phone adoption is not associated with health related problems.
H
O:
= 2.5
H
A:
2.5
n = 31
Here
= 3.25
S = 1.45
Z
cal
= (
)/ (/n) = 2.88
0.05
=1.645
somewhat
important
9%
important
12%
very important
20%
extremely
important
34%
unimportant
25%
H4
18

Since Z
cal >
Z
tab

said that Mobile phone adoption is associated with health related problems.

Fig-5: Respondents view towards health related problem.

strongly unimportant ,15% respondents are neither unimportant nor unimportant ,17%
respondents are unimportant, another 13% respondents are strongly unimportant. So, most of the
respondents identified that mobile phone adoption intensity is associated with health related
problem.

Somewhat
important
13%
important
17%
very important
15%
extremely
important
23%
unimportant
32%
H5
19

Ending part

Conclusion

Mobile phones have an effect on the way that individuals function in society, and while there has
not been a lot of research on the effects of mobile phone use, it has both positive and negative
consequences. Mobile phones in their small time in existence have changed the way in which
individuals are interacting with each other. Mobile phones have provided avenues for individuals
to stay connected on a new level that does not depend on space or time, but is readily accessible
at anytime, anywhere. Mobile phone has allowed social networks and relationships to be
strengthened as well as new relationships formed and have also allowed individuals all over the
world that, without the mobile phone would never have access to all of the networks, access
information that they do through the mobile phone.

Even within such an ostensibly regular people of mobile phone users Kumasi Polytechnic
community use of mobile phones and their attitudes toward their mobile phone usage and in
terms of the levels of integrating mobile phones into their lives.

20

Furthermore, majority of the respondents of IUBAT campus believe that mobile phones have
positive impact on society and have contributed to easy and quick access and transfer of
information, enhancing communication and improving relationships as well as societal ties. On
the other hand about 60% of respondents also have the perception that mobile phones have
negative influence on society and this includes enhancing crime, diversion of attention and health
related problems. While it has provided a new avenue to social networking and interactions, the
change in the space and time concept has also had a negative effect as well.

In addition, many of us have likely experienced a situation where we have been in the presence
of a mobile phone user who is engaging in some form of rude behavior that lacks respect for the
individuals around them. Mobile phones have changed the way that individuals socially interact
and individuals are communicating more through text messages and mobile phones than face-to-
face, changing our social environment. Individuals have become enveloped in their mobile
phones and less aware of their social surroundings, missing out on possible new social
interactions. Mobile phones have become part of their lives and they actively use the phones to
keep in touch with people and manage their time efficiently. Though this study is limited in
sampling and cannot be generalized to any larger population, it is interesting to discover that
such distinct attitudinal differences exist among the mobile phone users. Mobile communication
technologies are advancing rapidly. For example, mobile phones with Internet access and
multimedia capabilities are becoming common in all parts of the world. With advances in
technology come changes in users attitudes toward those technologies. These generate new
social and cultural phenomena. These social and cultural phenomena may change the way
technology evolves as well as our behavior and the society at large.

Recommendation

Children should not use cell phones that are under age. If user of cell phone is below 18
or he/she is not mature enough to handle a cell phone should be use by those to whome
its necessary. Who have important purpose of using it.
Should raise awareness among the students. Teacher and media can do the part here.
21

SIM registration should be mandatory, so that no one will dare to do crime through cell
phone.
Web page OR fan page can be developed to aware them socially.
Cell Phone Company can provide basic information about using cell phone and how it is
harmful to us.
Cell phone is easy way to communicate with people but communication purpose should
be meaningful.
Too much talk over the cell phone can be harmful for health. It sometimes causes
headache. It could also create some other physical problem. So, too much conversation
over cell phone should be avoid
Cell phone also create problem like boys irritate girls over cell phone which is a social
problem. Also cell phone has been use by terrorist group in their activities. This is threat
for our society. So, cell phone use should be sharply observed by authority.

Reference

Adriana Bianchi and Dr. James G. Phillips 2007). Positive contribution of mobile phones
tosociety. Mobile government consortium international

Alexia C (2009). Cellular phones influence(s) and impact(s) on social interactions and
interpersonal relationships.

Choi S (2006). A double-edged Mobile Phone and Smart Mob. [On line]
http://next.joins.com/article/? NID=365 Computers in Human Behaviors. 1182-1187.

Fortunati L (2002). "The Mobile Phone: Towards New Categories and Social Relations."
Information, Communication & Society 5(4):513.

Koo and Parks (2010)"Mobile Media and Communication: Some Important Questions."
22

(Saylor 2012)The Role of the Telephone in Economic Development.Telecommunications
Policy,4(4):278-286

Wahiduddin Mahmud, Academic Publishers, 1992.

Appendix part
23

Questionnaire

Dear Sir /Madam
We are the students of BBA Program in College of Business Administration of International
University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT). As part of completion our
Business Research course we are conducting a survey on social changes because of cell phone.
We would like to have your valuable opinion on it. The information will be used for study
purpose only. All responses will be of course, treated anonymously and confidentially.
Respondents Profile:
Gender of the Respondent Male Female
Age (In years) 15-30 30-40 above 40
Education Under Graduate Graduate Others (Please specify) .
Profession Student Teacher
1. Do you know about the disadvantages of cell phone?
Yes No (Tick please)
[If No, please brief the reason below and stop interviewing]
...
...............
2. Do you believe that cell phone can hamper in the education related issue?
Yes No
[If No, please brief the reason below and stop interviewing]
...
...............
3. Cell phone cans create negative impact on health.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
4. Cell phones provoke crime activities.
24

5. Cell phones improve the relationship.
6. Cell phones make the social ties stronger.
7. Cell phones enhance the communication with others.
8. What type of changes cell phone brings in the society?
a.
b.
c.
d.

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